59:, denotes a successful military professional who has accumulated a meaningfully measurable statistic such as aircraft shot down, tanks destroyed, tonnage sunk, or a number of successful sniper shots. In a manner analogous to sport statistics, some military roles can be measured in terms of a quantifiable metric. Once said metric is established, military personnel (whether within the same force, in different forces, or in different eras) may be quantified versus the designated metric and compared in a tabular fashion. Such metrics may be used as a basis for military merit awards, such as
31:
124:
The ace in combat is an immediately recognizable image. In control of his fate, handling his airplane with great courage and skill but also with an envied recklessness, the aviator appeared to be a genuine war hero, comparable to cavalrymen in
Napoleon's era or chivalrous knights in the Middle Ages.
193:
Literature of World War II heightened the features that earlier cults of the hero had promoted. This was the era of the "grey wolves" and "steel sharks", when wolf packs, officially designated by such predatory names "robber baron" and "bludgeon", attacked the Allies' convoys. Widespread
198:
Due to the individual nature of sniping and the possibility to record the number of successful shots due to the relatively small number of shots taken and due to the target being under observation through the shot, compiling statistics regarding
111:
The emergence of the solo "flying ace" can be traced to the introduction of the single-seater fighter airplane in 1915. The image created by the state propaganda was that of "chevalier of the skies", the successor of the medieval knight at a
119:
The ace was supposed to be in control of his destiny, and could only be defeated by an equally skillful opponent. Hence, being shot down by ground anti-aircraft fire was considered to be a dishonour. According to historian Peter
Fritzsche:
506:
Goll, Nicole-Melanie (2011). "Godwin von
Brumowski (1889–1936): The Construction of an Austro-Hungarian War Hero during World War I". In Marija Wakounig; Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler (eds.).
66:
The ace achieved success with "skill and luck, and if victorious won the accolades of the patriotic public". The usage of the term in popular culture evolved to include "tank aces" ("
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and was used for war-time propaganda and remained relevant in popular culture after the war, and has continued to remain culturally relevant also in post-2000 conflicts.
150:
in 2015 described him as the "best
Canadian front-line tank ace" of World War II. Robert Kershaw in his book "Tank Men" refers to a "Tank Ace" being the minority of
104:(the flying ace) was used for fighter pilots who had shot down a certain number of enemy aircraft, usually five or more. It has been picked up particularly by the
334:
125:
To this day, myths opposing the individual, distinctive combat of the aces to the industrial mass war on the ground remain deeply embedded in
Western folklore.
607:
194:
popularization of the U-boat aces, of their images and deeds propagated the cult of the personality which even today finds resonance in the popular market.
602:
116:. According to Nicole-Melanie Goll, the popular perception of one-on-one duels was divorced from reality, however, as planes rarely broke formation.
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by setting an arbitrary threshold. Likewise, a designation of "ace" ("double ace", "triple ace", etc.) may be applied, such as 5 aircraft shot down.
40:
540:
271:[Robertson, Linda Raine. The dream of civilized warfare: World War I flying aces and the American imagination. U of Minnesota Press, 2003.
60:
519:
446:
578:
559:
496:
469:
Coughlin, Sgt Jack, Casey
Kuhlman, and Donald A. Davis. Shooter: The autobiography of the top-ranked marine sniper. Macmillan, 2007.
414:
105:
189:, have been popularised in German war-time propaganda and popular literature. According to historian Michael L. Hadley,
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208:
141:
404:
597:
488:
96:". The term "ace" in relation to individual military success originated with French military propaganda of
44:. The term "ace" in relation to individual military success originated with French military propaganda of
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The Dream of
Civilized Warfare: World War I Flying Aces and the American Imagination
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45:
372:
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135:
93:
79:
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The term "tank ace" is occasionally applied to tank crew. For instance,
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From the
Industrial Revolution to World War II in East Central Europe
207:). Recognition of snipers by production was particularly done in the
200:
155:
29:
151:
485:
A Nation of Fliers: German
Aviation and the Popular Imagination
441:
Sniper Ace: From the
Eastern Front to Siberia, Bruno Sutkus,
532:
Count Not the Dead: The Popular Image of the German Submarine
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253:
154:
commanders that accounted for the most destroyed enemy
292:
290:
27:Warrior distinguished by quantifiable achievements
282:Knight's Cross and Oak-Leaves Recipients 1939? 40
573:. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.
162:. Soviet tankers with over five kills, such as
84:The term is most commonly applied to military
535:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
170:, have also been referred to as "tank aces".
8:
335:"Tank Ace began stellar career at Normandy"
552:Tank Men: the Human Story of Tanks at War
320:
308:
259:
358:
249:
55:, when used in the context of military
429:
377:[Tank Ace Dmitry Lavrinenko].
158:, saying it is roughly analogous with
409:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 36.
7:
296:
608:Military personnel of World War II
34:The "first French ace", Frenchman
25:
603:Military personnel of World War I
173:Many German U-boat commanders of
406:KV-1 & 2 Heavy Tanks 1939–45
403:Zaloga, Steven J. (2013-03-20).
333:Rose, Larry D. (24 April 2015).
61:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
374:Танковый ас Дмитрий Лавриненко
284:. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012.
106:United States Army Air Service
92:, who are often described as "
1:
569:Robertson, Linda R. (2003).
238:Waffen-SS in popular culture
209:Eastern Front (World War II)
529:Hadley, Michael L. (1995).
371:Smirnov, Aleksandr (2002).
624:
133:
77:
483:Fritzsche, Peter (1992).
70:") and "submarine aces".
550:Kershaw, Robert (2009).
489:Harvard University Press
373:
144:' obituary published in
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127:
49:
203:success is possible (
191:
142:Sydney Radley-Walters
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33:
487:. Cambridge, Mass.:
280:Williamson, Gordon.
108:and its propaganda.
514:. pp. 139–56.
231:, a book series by
554:. London: Hodder.
459:Enemy at the Gates
339:The Globe and Mail
262:, pp. 87–113.
147:The Globe and Mail
50:
38:being awarded the
542:978-0-7735-1282-5
164:Dmitry Lavrinenko
16:(Redirected from
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168:Zinovy Kolobanov
102:as de l'aviation
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205:List of snipers
183:Otto Kretschmer
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41:Croix de guerre
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521:978-3643901293
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447:978-1848325487
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432:, p. 176.
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381:(in Russian).
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361:, p. 332.
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321:Fritzsche 1992
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309:Robertson 2003
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299:, p. 147.
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260:Robertson 2003
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241:
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233:Franz Kurowski
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90:fighter pilots
78:Main article:
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36:Adolphe Pégoud
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187:Wolfgang Lüth
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177:, especially
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18:Submarine ace
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457:eg the film
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387:. Retrieved
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359:Kershaw 2009
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342:. Retrieved
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175:World War II
172:
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130:Other "aces"
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52:
51:
39:
430:Hadley 1995
379:Танкомастер
222:Panzer Aces
98:World War I
94:flying aces
74:Flying aces
68:Panzer aces
46:World War I
592:Categories
512:LIT Verlag
389:2014-11-11
244:References
160:flying ace
136:Panzer ace
134:See also:
80:Flying ace
57:propaganda
344:3 October
297:Goll 2011
215:See also
86:aviators
477:Sources
577:
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539:
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201:sniper
156:armour
100:. The
385:: 6–9
114:joust
575:ISBN
556:ISBN
537:ISBN
516:ISBN
493:ISBN
443:ISBN
411:ISBN
346:2016
225:and
185:and
166:and
152:tank
53:Ace
594::
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289:^
252:^
181:,
48:.
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383:3
348:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
