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Another structure attributed to Sultan
Muhammad Jiwa was the Balai Besar (Grand Audience Hall). Initially the function of the building was as the Balai Rong Seri or Balai Penghadapan (audience hall), that was situated at the back area of the Istana Kota Setar complex. The pillars, roofs and floors
428:. The 18 metre-tall and 5 metre-wide three-tiered octagonal tower's purpose was to keep all the royal musical instruments including the serunai (wooden flute), nafiri, gendang (drum) and gong (also known as a nobat).
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After founding the city, Sultan
Muhammad Jiwa went on to build his palace, the Istana Kota Setar. The original building was a wooden structure which had been demolished several times due to attacks by the
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wanted to marry off his five children. After 1941, this palace was used as a school and an office for several organizations including the office for the Kedah chapter of
378:. The earlier administrative centres were located in Kota Bukit Meriam, Kota Sungai Emas, Kota Siputeh, Kota Naga, Kota Sena, Kota Indera Kayangan and Kota Bukit Pinang.
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Paduka Sri Sultan
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I
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al-Azizzu ul-Mulk al-Qadir al-Ghalib Ghahr al-Maghlub, us-Sultan
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333:ڤدوك سري سلطان محمد جيوا زين العابدين معظم شاه ٢ ابن المرحوم سلطان أحمد تاج الدين حليم شاه ١
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in 1735, which was Kedah’s eighth administrative centre since the establishment of the
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Kedah achieved its greatest extent during his reign, its borders stretched from
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when the building was expanded to add a pavilion and several rooms when Sultan
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The Balai Nobat was also built by Sultan
Muhammad Jiwa upon founding of
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484:"Raja-Raja Melayu Paling Lama Memerintah Dalam Sejarah - The Patriots"
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and reigned from 1710 to 1778. He is widely known as the founder of
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with many current landmarks in the city being attributed to him.
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493:"Kedah, 1771-1821: The Search for Security and Independence"
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Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman
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466:. Alor Setar City Council. Archived from
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77:"Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II of Kedah"
504:Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II of Kedah
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18:Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II
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397:This palace is also renowned as the
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148:محمد جيوا زين العابدين معظم شاه ٢
252:Sultan Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II
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205:23 September 1778 (aged 78–79)
27:Sultan of Kedah (r. 1710–1778)
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570:18th-century sultans of Kedah
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460:"Background of Alor Setar"
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491:Bonney, R. (1971).
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