451:
3331:
2321:
and resist
Spanish domination over the Sultanate of Buayan. Moreover, Datu Uto was able to establish an alliance with the Sultan of Sulu, which became important due to their need for firearms to continue the resistance. Sulu's demand for slaves led Datu Uto to change his behavior towards the neighboring Tiruray people, and began to kidnap for slaves within Tiruray territory, which were sold via the Bay of Sarangani on the southern tip of Mindanao.
1369:
399:
385:
2431:' became synonymous to 'slave'. However, after the surrender of Maguindanao to the Spanish and the subsequent Spanish occupation of Cotabato, the access to the Moro Gulf from the Pulangi was closed to the interior for good. For this reason, Buayan relied on its port in Sarangani, the territory known as 'Sugud Buayan', primarily to maintain maritime access to the outside world. Buayan created a highway system through the flatlands of
2394:. Buayan fell into an interregnum afterwards and was eventually absorbed into the American colonial administration. With the help of Datu Piang and several datus, the American authorities were quickly able to assert their military and eventually, civilian form of government in Moro territory, thereby either incorporating datus into the civil government, or reducing their royal titles into the status of a mere traditional leader.
46:
2282:, Rajah Silongan and Kapitan Laut Buisan sent a letter to the Spanish governor-general in Manila to ask for forgiveness for their previous alliance with the Sultanate of Ternate. In 1619, the Sultanate of Buayan faced a decline due to the rise of Sultan Muhammad Kudarat of Maguindanao. Eventually, by 1634, the confederacy headed by Rajah Silongan disappeared. He was reduced into a petty king.
2309:
2271:, joined forces with Datu Salikula of Maguindanao and assaulted the coast communities of Cebu, Negros, and Panay, inflicting many atrocities. A huge force tried a repeat in 1600 but was repelled in southern Panay. In 1602, the Sultan of Buayan invaded Batangas but was repelled at Balayan. They also invaded Calamianes and gained 700 captives. In 1603, Buayan attacked Leyte.
2360:'Sultan of Mindanao'. This left Datu Uto frustrated as Datu Piang became a rival of Buayan. In December 1899, American forces landed in Cotabato and Datu Piang collaborated with the American authorities. This left Datu Ali, the ruler of Tinungkup and eventually Buayan, as the only formidable opponent that was able to form a resistance against American forces in Mindanao.
1663:
1453:. Being the primary power in the upper Cotabato valley, it had access to an abundance of fertile land as well as raw materials, transforming into an agricultural powerhouse in contrast to Maguindanao. In addition, despite its status as an interior sultanate, Buayan was able to conduct maritime trade and diplomacy either through the
450:
2317:
quell the rebellion upon the
Spanish request to assist the Spanish forces marching towards Talayan. However, Datu Uto went against his father's orders and joined the rebels in Talayan. Datu Uto was able to push the Spaniards as far as Taviran. However, as a result of the battle, Datu Uto lost his left eye.
2733:
This website offers detailed information regarding the genealogy of the
Sultanate of Buayan. However, it most likely confused the 13th century as 1300s, as well as several other cases, as Rajah Baguinda landed in Mindanao only during the 1390s. While not denying the credibility, there might have been
2293:
After the ascension of Rajah
Baratamay in 1648, succeeding Datu Maputi, Buayan was heavily influenced by Maguindanao under Sultan Muhammad Kudarat. Eventually, a union between Buayan and Maguindanao would form, but it was made clear to many in the Pulangi River valley that despite Buayan's influence
2422:
Buayan heavily relied on the acquisition of slaves. They hunted for slaves by sending pirates through the mouth of the
Pulangi River but had to pay a toll fee to the Sultanate of Maguindanao to be given access. From the Pulangi, they traversed through several areas within Spanish territory. Most of
2320:
After his father's death in 1872, his uncle, Bayao of
Kudarangan, succeeded as the Sultan of Buayan. However, it was Datu Uto who held real power. Eventually, he emerged to become the Sultan of Buayan in 1875, formally succeeding his uncle and was able to expand his influence in the Cotabato Basin
2717:
This website is a good and detailed website for the genealogy of the
Sultanate of Buayan. However, it most likely confused the 13th century as 1300s, as well as several other cases, because Rajah Baginda landed in Mindanao only during the 1390s. While not denying the credibility, there might have
2446:
and
Visayas, and therefore a significant decrease in the acquisition of slaves. This created an incentive to find another source for slaves. During the reign of Datu Uto, slaves were mainly acquired from the mountains through forceful means, especially through the kidnapping or wars against pagan
2324:
While the
Spanish could not occupy Buayan itself, they focused and succeeded in taking over the datus of smaller territories within Buayan causing the alliance network of Buayan to weaken and promote further defections of allegiance. A capitulation treaty between Buayan and Spain was signed in 10
2316:
At the beginning of the 19th century, the
Spaniards occupied Maguindanao and was able to establish an alliance with the Sultanate of Buayan. In 1864, a rebellion against Spanish rule occurred within the Sultanate of Talayan. Sultan Bangon of Buayan sent his son Datu Uto along with 500 warriors to
2359:
Eventually, in January 1899, Datu Piang betrayed Uto and established his headquarters on the old Buayan capital, now renamed Dulawan, as well as capturing Bacat, another capital of Buayan. From there, Piang overthrew the Spanish garrison in Cotabato and Tamontaka and granted himself the title of
2274:
In 1605, a peace treaty negotiated by Melchor Hurtado was signed between Maguindanao, Buayan and Spain. On 8 September 1605, Spain and Buayan signed an agreement to recognize Rajah Silongan as the paramount ruler of Maguindanao in exchange for his allegiance to Spain. This was done as a divisive
2382:
In 1899, Datu Uto handed over his throne to his first cousin Datu Ali of Tinungkup. He became the Rajah of Buayan, emerging as the supreme ruler of the Upper Cotabato Valley and was able to form an alliance to resist American attempts of subjugating the interior datus into their administration.
2349:, a Chinese-mestizo, was formerly the appointed Minister of Lands by Datu Uto. According to oral tradition, many of Datu Uto's followers defected him for Datu Piang, as Datu Uto refused to open his granaries to his people during a time of famine. This helped Datu Piang gain a large following.
2407:
Buayan was a rich source of agriculture due to its fertile land, having rice as one of its primary exports. However, Buayan also traded using forest products such as tobacco, rattan, beeswax and hardwood. Buayan also imported various products from Chinese traders and settlers.
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2375:
2259:
One of the first rulers of Buayan that the Spaniards encountered was Rajah Silongan. In April 1596, Rajah Silongan held off against the joint forces of Maguindanao and Spain, eventually subordinating the Sultan of Maguindanao,
3034:
1195:
1634:
was often added in the name of territories as an indicator that the territory was a district within Buayan's direct control rather than a vassal of Buayan. The main capital of Buayan was also referred to as
2190:
2447:
tribes in the region. The number of slaves became the basis to determine the wealth of the sultan. These slaves also worked as farmers, cultivating the land of their local datus and the Sultan himself.
2231:, an Islamic genealogical document about the ruling clans of Mindanao, Datu Mamu was the first recorded ruler of Buayan. Datu Mamu married princesses from several chiefdoms, expanding his influence.
2227:
The Buayan tribe, formerly known as Kiliman, was said to have been founded in the mid to late 14th century following the early batch of sharif preachers from Maguindanao and Sulu. According to the
3233:
2275:
measure to encourage strife between Maguindanao and Buayan. Eventually, Kapitan Laut Buisan of Cotabato would distance himself from Rajah Silongan and establish his own community on the coast.
3268:
1007:
3027:
2975:
2714:
1037:
1108:
2325:
March 1887, affecting Buayan's prestige. Buayan officially became a vassal of Spain. However, Datu Uto saw this as merely a peace treaty and not as an actual act of capitulation.
3020:
2183:
1397:
3413:
1533:
Throughout the dominance of the Sultanate of Buayan in the Cotabato Basin, there were several sultanates that gained prominence as one of the most powerful vassals of Buayan:
3408:
2686:
1646:
2294:
in the interior, Maguindanao was considered as the dominant power in the entire region. Rajah Baratamay eventually would support in the defense of Mindanao against Spain.
1259:
2120:
1527:
Buayan held great influence over the datus of the interior through political marriages and alliances. Both the Maguindanao and Buayan sultanates competed for dominance.
1294:
2176:
3368:
3344:
1354:
2125:
3315:
1185:
1177:
45:
3280:
2352:
While Datu Piang was often referred to as 'Datu', he had no noble origin and never used the honorific to refer to himself. Rather, he referred to himself as
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2130:
1144:
1017:
966:
375:
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539:
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The Spanish colonial forces established several forts within the territory of Buayan such as Fort Reina Regente in Tinungkup and Fort Pikit in modern day
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1154:
1136:
1098:
1090:
984:
778:
544:
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1654:
582:
360:
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in the southern Philippines from the mid-14th to the 20th century. Buayan was one of the four major sultanates in Mindanao, other sultanates being the
3388:
3227:
3221:
1349:
849:
1483:
Its rulers, often referred to as the "Rajah Buayan" indicates a pre-existing Indianized form of governance in the region, already headed by a Rajah.
1390:
2568:
3433:
3393:
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In 1905, Buayan fully lost its independence after Datu Ali of Tinungkup, stricken with malaria at the time, was killed by American forces in the
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1329:
1042:
924:
492:
2101:
3001:
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1284:
1077:
3428:
2147:
1344:
1289:
1254:
1235:
829:
564:
2152:
2135:
1383:
1334:
1309:
1264:
1062:
430:
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2921:
2796:
2549:
2509:
1319:
502:
1524:
in the Cotabato Basin, created by the Rio Grande de Mindanao (or Pulangi) River, 30 km upstream from the Sultanate of Maguindanao.
1498:
on 22 October 1905 against American forces. The American colonial administration was able to assert its authority with the aid of
3418:
2852:
Angeles, F. Delor (December 1981). "Notes and Translations From the "Operaciones Miltares en Rio Grande de Mindanao" (Perinat)".
1587:
1299:
844:
3286:
2746:
The Philippine Islands.: A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago
1530:
Apart from the Cotabato Basin, the Sultanate of Buayan also had a port in Sarangani Bay which was used for its maritime trade.
1521:
1032:
59:
355:
2950:
2090:
1279:
700:
569:
554:
460:
859:
477:
469:
2234:
After the arrival of Rajah Baguinda Ali from Basilan to Mindanao, Maguindanao, Lanao, and Buayan all converted to Islam.
3373:
3363:
3245:
3188:
2991:
1324:
1314:
1304:
864:
710:
944:
3177:
3137:
1877:
1813:
1190:
678:
618:
2880:
2822:
2045:
3378:
3292:
3155:
3089:
2387:
2165:
1872:
1798:
1495:
1057:
789:
658:
603:
439:
308:
2254:
854:
3423:
3403:
3383:
3251:
3077:
2417:
1833:
1480:, as well as to monopolize on the trade, influence, and tribute from its weaker subjects over mainland Mindanao.
939:
608:
1027:
909:
3215:
3143:
3125:
2911:
2456:
2214:
2000:
1882:
1845:
1446:
904:
740:
668:
2499:
3071:
2285:
Rajah Silongan may have formally abdicated and was succeeded by Monkay (Datu Maputi) in approximately 1627.
1164:
1103:
1022:
929:
809:
653:
507:
1990:
1200:
914:
3398:
3257:
1915:
1118:
1002:
894:
799:
3012:
512:
2432:
2279:
1965:
1781:
1515:
1450:
1415:
1123:
1113:
1072:
1052:
919:
517:
93:
2659:
3166:
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1970:
1920:
1556:
1473:
1215:
961:
869:
824:
814:
760:
82:
3239:
3209:
2861:
2040:
1910:
1511:
1373:
997:
899:
889:
874:
522:
497:
2427:. Pirates originating from Buayan were able to acquire many slaves to the point where the term '
1472:
Buayan was also well known for its long rivalry with Maguindanao, often using its alliance with
3131:
2997:
2956:
2917:
2749:
2545:
2505:
2501:
Business and Peace: The Case of La Frutera Plantation in Datu Paglas, Maguindanao, Philippines
2461:
2085:
1935:
1892:
1442:
1426:
705:
683:
139:
3334:
Map of the Philippines from "Harper's Pictorial History of the War with Spain" Vol. II (1899)
3274:
3203:
2952:
Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines
1995:
1940:
1047:
992:
934:
879:
834:
804:
765:
105:
101:
3149:
2218:
1945:
1850:
1614:
1225:
715:
648:
482:
97:
2632:
3044:
2391:
2308:
2222:
2095:
2055:
2025:
2020:
1607:
1458:
1210:
1012:
839:
735:
109:
3357:
2633:"The Authorities and Customary Practices of the Buayan Sultanates in the Philippines"
2035:
2015:
2005:
1985:
1955:
1930:
1623:
1486:
The Sultanate of Buayan ceased to exist as a sovereign entity following the death of
1477:
1466:
1454:
1339:
1149:
559:
392:
2772:
50:
The territorial map of the Sultanate of Buayan in 1875 during the reign of Datu Uto.
2466:
2010:
1563:
750:
730:
549:
68:
2237:
Eventually, mainland Mindanao began to split between two sovereign entities, the
3048:
2374:
2268:
2079:
2030:
1422:
971:
956:
417:
119:
2278:
On 22 July 1609, after the leaders of Buayan learned of the Spanish capture of
2346:
2341:
1950:
1594:
1569:
1538:
1499:
1462:
1230:
1067:
745:
3107:
2660:"WE ARE MANY NATIONS: THE EMERGENCE OF A MULTI-ETHNIC MAGUINDANAO SULTANATE"
2436:
2050:
1975:
1925:
1740:
1601:
884:
819:
487:
2596:
2264:, and form a confederacy that composed of Buayan, Cotabato, and Tamontaka.
2888:
2830:
3113:
3101:
2569:"The Power of Sulu - A Brief History of the Throne of Sulu (Part 1 of 2)"
2476:
2471:
2428:
2369:
2303:
1980:
1960:
1887:
1855:
1793:
1544:
1491:
1487:
1438:
1205:
720:
695:
663:
643:
598:
534:
237:
225:
77:
2865:
2640:
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Explorer (IJMRE)
1662:
3095:
2424:
2228:
1818:
1723:
1684:
1619:
1575:
1550:
794:
755:
613:
126:
2060:
1828:
1823:
1803:
1752:
1735:
1718:
1698:
1581:
638:
633:
623:
326:
146:
2241:(Upper Valley) headed by the interior sultanate of Buayan, and the
2443:
2439:, which were said to be uninhabited and a safe place to traverse.
2329:
2307:
1703:
725:
154:
1461:. At its maximum extent, its territory stretched from modern-day
3083:
1808:
1713:
1708:
1693:
628:
150:
3016:
2881:"SULTAN OF THE RIVER: The Rise and Fall of Datu Uto of Buayan"
2823:"SULTAN OF THE RIVER: The Rise and Fall of Datu Uto of Buayan"
2442:
The Spanish occupation also brought an end to Moro piracy in
3329:
1661:
449:
3269:
United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands
2976:
The Philippine Revolution in Mindanao by Rufus B. Rodríguez
2631:
Kalipa, Candidato L.; Lumapenet, Husna T. (December 2021).
2542:
Magindanao, 1860-1888: The Career of Datu Utto of Buayan
2423:
the victims of their slave hunting were people from the
2597:"1st Battalion 22nd Infantry - The Datu Ali Expedition"
2797:"The story of Datu Silonga, the first Rajah of Buayan"
2267:
In 1599, Rajah Silongan, accompanied by 3000 Buayan
413:
322:
305:
295:
285:
272:
259:
247:
231:
219:
209:
195:
181:
167:
145:
135:
125:
115:
89:
55:
21:
2748:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 141.
2245:(Lower Valley) maritime sultanate of Maguindanao.
1555:Sultanate of Tinungkup (located within modern-day
2885:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
2827:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
3345:Category:Former countries in Philippine history
3028:
2184:
1391:
8:
3281:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
1476:to weaken its rival and usurp the throne in
3234:Revolutionary Government of the Philippines
2990:Abinales, P. N.; Amoroso, Donna J. (2005).
2854:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
2664:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
1630:Throughout Buayan's history, the suffix of
1593:Sultanate of Bago Inged (within modern-day
1586:Sultanate of Tacunabago (within modern-day
3057:
3035:
3021:
3013:
2191:
2177:
1641:
1398:
1384:
424:
44:
18:
3228:Dictatorial Government of the Philippines
2913:Swish of the Kris: the Story of the Moros
2910:Hurley, Vic; Harris, Christopher (2010).
2493:
2491:
850:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
2373:
1557:Datu Saudi-Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur
2487:
1655:Pre-colonial history of the Philippines
1653:
589:Historically documented states/polities
459:
438:
427:
3414:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
3369:Former countries in Philippine history
2944:
2942:
2940:
1606:Sultanate of Makar (within modern-day
1437:, was a Muslim state on the island of
3409:History of the Philippines (900–1565)
2985:
2983:
2767:
2765:
2563:
2561:
1494:of Buayan, after being killed in the
304:
294:
284:
274:• Arrival of Rajah Baguinda Ali
271:
258:
254:
230:
218:
208:
194:
180:
166:
162:
144:
7:
2993:State and Society in the Philippines
2726:
2724:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2591:
2589:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2715:Borneo History: Sultanate of Buayan
2658:Laarhoven, Ruurdje (1 March 1986).
2336:Betrayal of Datu Piang, Amai Mingka
1520:Buayan was centered in what is now
2955:. University of California Press.
14:
2949:McKenna, Thomas M. (2023-09-01).
2731:Sultanate of Buayan — The Sultans
2467:Rajah Buayan, Maguindanao del Sur
2102:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
1502:, the assumed ruler of Cotabato.
790:Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi
503:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
16:1350-1905 state in Southeast Asia
3389:History of Maguindanao del Norte
3210:Tejeros Revolutionary Government
2544:. Anvil Publishing, Inc., 2007.
2540:Ileto, Reynaldo Clemeña (2007).
1588:Mangudadatu, Maguindanao del Sur
1367:
397:
383:
353:
261:• Established by Datu Mamu
3287:Commonwealth of the Philippines
1595:Pagalungan, Maguindanao del Sur
1522:Datu Piang, Maguindanao del Sur
3434:1905 disestablishments in Asia
3394:History of Maguindanao del Sur
2091:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1196:2000 campaign against the MILF
701:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
555:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
1:
3082:before 971–after 1339:
2670:(1): 32–53 – via JSTOR.
2073:Primary sources and artifacts
860:Battles of La Naval de Manila
278:
265:
198:
184:
170:
72:
63:
36:
3246:Federal State of the Visayas
3112:c. 13th century–1569:
3106:c. 13th century–1457:
2996:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1747:Commoners, serfs, and slaves
711:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
3429:1350 establishments in Asia
3222:Central Executive Committee
3178:Confederate States of Lanao
3043:Historical and present-day
2209:Foundation and Islamization
1201:2nd People Power Revolution
1191:1997 Asian financial crisis
925:Declaration of Independence
3450:
3293:Second Philippine Republic
2687:"Muslim Rulers and Rebels"
2415:
2388:Battle of the Malala River
2367:
2339:
2312:Datu Uto, Sultan of Buayan
2301:
2252:
2212:
2166:History of the Philippines
1509:
1496:Battle of the Malala River
930:American capture of Manila
309:Battle of the Malala River
3341:
3327:
3252:First Philippine Republic
3070:c. 1000 BC–200 AD:
3055:
2418:Slavery in Southeast Asia
1559:, near the Pulangi River)
810:Spanish capture of Manila
332:
318:
287:• Reign of Datu Uto
255:
243:
163:
43:
35:
3216:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
3204:Sovereign Tagalog Nation
3144:Sultanate of Maguindanao
3100:before 1225–1576:
2718:been a semantic barrier.
2504:. Universal-Publishers.
2457:Sultanate of Maguindanao
2289:Reign of Rajah Baratamay
2215:Islam in the Philippines
1447:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1270:Administrative divisions
985:American colonial period
905:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
741:Butuan Silver Paleograph
726:Batanes Ijang fortresses
669:Sultanate of Maguindanao
540:Cordillera Rice Terraces
297:• Rise of Datu Ali
3419:Maritime Southeast Asia
3088:before 989–1521:
3076:before 900–1589:
2498:Williams, Mark (2011).
2403:Agriculture and Exports
2249:Reign of Rajah Silongan
1430:
1165:People Power Revolution
945:Philippine–American War
779:Spanish colonial period
3335:
2879:Palafox, Quennie Ann.
2821:Palafox, Quennie Ann.
2744:Foreman, John (1899).
2379:
2313:
1991:Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram
1666:
1374:Philippines portal
1350:Science and technology
967:UST Baybayin Documents
915:Treaty of Paris (1898)
493:Austronesian expansion
478:Early hominin activity
454:
3333:
3258:Republic of Zamboanga
2801:The Kahimyang Project
2573:The Kahimyang Project
2378:Datu Ali of Tinungkup
2377:
2356:(Father of Mingka).
2311:
2255:Spanish–Moro conflict
2121:Cultural achievements
2001:Sultan Muwallil Wasit
1916:Azim ud-Din I of Sulu
1665:
1433:), alternatively the
1425:: كسولتانن نو بواين;
1420:Kasultanan nu Buayan,
1295:Cultural achievements
1119:Filipino First policy
1109:Mutual Defense Treaty
1063:Philippine resistance
895:Philippine Revolution
855:Spanish–Moro conflict
845:Revolts and uprisings
731:Golden Tara of Agusan
453:
90:Common languages
75:1860–1872; 1875–1899)
3314:1986–present:
3154:unknown–1571:
3148:unknown–1593:
3138:Rajahnate of Maynila
3136:c. 1500–1571:
3124:c. 1400–1565:
3118:c. 1350–1905:
2691:publishing.cdlib.org
1685:Maginoo, Ginu, Tumao
1545:Kudarangan-sa-Buayan
1516:Precolonial barangay
1451:Confederacy of Lanao
1355:World Heritage Sites
1221:Territorial disputes
1124:North Borneo dispute
1114:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1078:Philippines campaign
1073:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1053:Battle of Corregidor
1028:Tydings–McDuffie Act
920:Battle of Manila Bay
910:Spanish–American War
518:Precolonial barangay
362:Rajahnate of Kiliman
29:Kasultanan nu Buayan
3374:Sultanate of Buayan
3364:History of Mindanao
3167:Spanish East Indies
3150:Kedatuan of Dapitan
3120:Sultanate of Buayan
3090:Rajahnate of Butuan
2734:a semantic barrier.
2262:Kapitan Laut Buisan
1921:Batarah Shah Tengah
1608:General Santos City
1455:Pulangi river mouth
1435:Rajahnate of Buayan
1431:Sultanato ng Buayan
1412:Sultanate of Buayan
1216:Philippine drug war
1178:Contemporary period
1145:Communist rebellion
1043:Japanese occupation
1008:Military Government
962:Doctrina Christiana
870:Propaganda Movement
825:Spanish East Indies
815:Battle of Bangkusay
761:Magellan expedition
679:Sultanates of Lanao
674:Sultanate of Buayan
23:Sultanate of Buayan
3336:
3299:1945–present
3240:Republic of Negros
3061:
2916:. Cerberus Books.
2891:on 8 November 2016
2833:on 8 November 2016
2777:geocitiessites.com
2380:
2314:
1911:Agustin de Legazpi
1782:Political entities
1667:
1512:Maguindanao people
1018:Insular Government
1003:Zamboanga Republic
900:Tejeros Convention
890:Cry of Pugad Lawin
875:1872 Cavite mutiny
583:Precolonial period
523:Maritime Silk Road
498:Angono Petroglyphs
470:Prehistoric period
455:
379:of the Philippines
377:Insular Government
3379:Former sultanates
3351:
3350:
3324:
3323:
3308:1981–1986:
3302:1946–1981:
3291:1943–1945:
3285:1935–1946:
3279:1902–1935:
3273:1902–1906:
3267:1898–1902:
3256:1899–1903:
3250:1899–1901:
3244:1898–1899:
3238:1898–1901:
3232:1898–1899:
3226:1898–1898:
3220:1898–1898:
3214:1897–1897:
3208:1897–1897:
3202:1896–1897:
3187:1762–1764:
3176:1616–1904:
3165:1565–1898:
3142:1515–1899:
3132:Sultanate of Sulu
3130:1457–1915:
3126:Rajahnate of Cebu
3094:1175–1571:
3003:978-0-7425-1024-1
2962:978-0-520-91964-8
2462:Sultanate of Sulu
2364:Reign of Datu Ali
2298:Reign of Datu Uto
2201:
2200:
2086:Butuan Ivory Seal
1936:Dayang Kalangitan
1758:Alipin sa gigilid
1539:Kabuntalan/Tumbao
1457:, or its port in
1443:Sultanate of Sulu
1408:
1407:
1255:Ancient religions
1236:COVID-19 pandemic
1091:Post-independence
830:Captaincy General
706:Butuan Ivory Seal
684:Sultanate of Sulu
565:Prehistoric beads
423:
422:
409:
408:
405:
404:
368:
367:
233:• 1899–1905
221:• 1875–1899
211:• 1596–1627
140:Absolute monarchy
26:كسولتانن نو بواين
3441:
3424:Former countries
3404:Filipino royalty
3384:Muslim dynasties
3275:Tagalog Republic
3067:Pre-16th century
3058:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2987:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2887:. Archived from
2876:
2870:
2869:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2829:. Archived from
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2683:
2672:
2671:
2655:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2628:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2601:1-22infantry.org
2593:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2537:
2516:
2515:
2495:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2168:
2143:Paramount rulers
2046:Sharif ul-Hāshim
1996:Muhammad Kudarat
1941:Dimasangcay Adel
1688:
1642:
1637:Buayan-sa-Buayan
1400:
1393:
1386:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1104:Treaty of Manila
1048:Battle of Bataan
993:Tagalog Republic
935:Malolos Congress
880:La Liga Filipina
865:British invasion
835:Tondo Conspiracy
805:Blockade of Cebu
766:Battle of Mactan
690:Events/Artifacts
593:(north to south)
529:Events/Artifacts
513:Sa Huỳnh culture
443:
425:
401:
400:
387:
386:
378:
372:
371:
363:
357:
356:
350:
349:
334:
333:
280:
267:
200:
186:
172:
106:Manobo languages
74:
65:
48:
38:
19:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3337:
3325:
3320:
3310:Fourth Republic
3264:1900–1945
3193:
3051:
3041:
3011:
3004:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2948:
2947:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2519:
2512:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2453:
2420:
2414:
2405:
2400:
2372:
2366:
2344:
2338:
2330:Pikit, Cotabato
2306:
2300:
2291:
2257:
2251:
2225:
2219:Spread of Islam
2211:
2206:
2197:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2074:
2066:
2065:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1682:
1677:
1518:
1508:
1404:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1300:Diet and health
1249:
1241:
1240:
1226:Siege of Marawi
1181:
1170:
1169:
1160:Fourth Republic
1140:
1129:
1128:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1058:Second Republic
998:Negros Republic
988:
977:
976:
782:
771:
770:
716:Kabayan Mummies
586:
575:
574:
483:Homo luzonensis
473:
442:the Philippines
441:
434:
398:
384:
376:
361:
354:
311:
298:
288:
275:
262:
234:
222:
212:
205:Malang-sa-Inged
202:
188:
174:
81:
76:
67:
51:
31:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3447:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3316:Fifth Republic
3312:
3306:
3304:Third Republic
3300:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3189:British Manila
3185:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2979:
2968:
2961:
2936:
2922:
2902:
2871:
2860:(4): 275–293.
2844:
2813:
2788:
2761:
2755:978-3744735025
2754:
2736:
2720:
2702:
2673:
2645:
2612:
2585:
2557:
2550:
2517:
2510:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:Moro Rebellion
2365:
2362:
2337:
2334:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2250:
2247:
2223:Rajah Baguinda
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2126:Historiography
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2096:Monreal Stones
2093:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2056:Tarik Sulayman
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2026:Rajah Sulayman
2023:
2021:Rajah Salalila
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Dayang Sasaban
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1675:Social classes
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1507:
1504:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Historiography
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Communications
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Queen consorts
1262:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1211:Oakwood mutiny
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Fifth Republic
1182:
1180:(1986–present)
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Third Republic
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Moro Rebellion
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
948:
947:
942:
940:First Republic
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Manila galleon
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
800:Treaty of Cebu
797:
792:
783:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
736:Monreal Stones
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
587:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
474:
468:
467:
464:
463:
457:
456:
446:
445:
436:
435:
428:
421:
420:
415:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
395:
389:
388:
381:
369:
366:
365:
358:
346:
345:
340:
330:
329:
324:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
306:
303:
302:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
282:
276:
273:
270:
269:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
235:
232:
229:
228:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
196:
193:
192:
189:
182:
179:
178:
175:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
91:
87:
86:
57:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
33:
32:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3446:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3346:
3340:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2925:
2923:9780615382425
2919:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2903:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2845:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2551:9789712715853
2547:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2511:9781612337586
2507:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:Ama ni Mingka
2350:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Regimo Diraja
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Rajah Matanda
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Rajah Humabon
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Magat Salamat
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Gugu Sarikula
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Datu Sikatuna
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1912:
1909:
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1876:
1874:
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1869:
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1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Bo-ol/Dapitan
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
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1681:Ruling class
1680:
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1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:Sultanate of
1612:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1600:Sultanate of
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
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1583:
1580:Sultanate of
1579:
1577:
1574:Sultanate of
1573:
1571:
1568:Sultanate of
1567:
1565:
1562:Sultanate of
1561:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1549:Sultanate of
1548:
1546:
1543:Sultanate of
1542:
1540:
1537:Sultanate of
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1467:Sarangani Bay
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1396:
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1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
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1184:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Moro conflict
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
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734:
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600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
590:
584:
579:
578:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
560:Manunggul Jar
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
530:
524:
521:
519:
516:
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491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
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475:
471:
466:
465:
462:
458:
452:
448:
447:
444:
437:
432:
426:
419:
416:
414:Today part of
412:
396:
394:
393:Moro Province
391:
390:
382:
380:
374:
373:
370:
364:
359:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
300:
290:
277:
264:
250:
246:
242:
239:
236:
227:
224:
215:Raja Silongan
214:
204:
190:
176:
158:
156:
152:
148:
141:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
79:
70:
61:
58:
54:
47:
42:
34:
30:
20:
3399:Moro history
3199:19th century
3184:18th century
3173:17th century
3162:16th century
3119:
3072:Jade culture
2992:
2971:
2951:
2927:. Retrieved
2912:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:the original
2884:
2874:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2831:the original
2826:
2816:
2805:. Retrieved
2803:. 2023-01-06
2800:
2791:
2780:. Retrieved
2776:
2745:
2739:
2694:. Retrieved
2690:
2667:
2663:
2639:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2577:. Retrieved
2575:. 2012-01-03
2572:
2541:
2500:
2441:
2421:
2406:
2385:
2381:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2292:
2284:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2226:
2100:
2078:
2011:Rajah Lontok
1966:Kamal ud-Din
1867:
1730:Middle class
1636:
1631:
1629:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1490:, cousin of
1485:
1482:
1471:
1434:
1419:
1416:Maguindanaon
1411:
1409:
1038:World War II
1033:Commonwealth
950:
949:
784:
751:Barter rings
689:
688:
673:
592:
591:
588:
550:Kalanay Cave
528:
527:
508:Jade culture
343:Succeeded by
342:
337:
201:1400s–1500s
94:Maguindanaon
28:
3049:Philippines
2929:11 November
2390:during the
2080:Boxer Codex
2041:Kabungsuwan
2031:Rajah Tupas
1971:Laut Buisan
1905:Key figures
1883:Maguindanao
1632:'sa-Buayan'
1570:Matenggawan
1280:Archaeology
1275:Agriculture
1155:Martial law
1139:(1965–1986)
1093:(1946–1965)
987:(1898–1946)
972:Velarde map
957:Boxer Codex
781:(1565–1898)
570:Shell tools
545:Grave goods
440:History of
418:Philippines
338:Preceded by
187:1390–1400s
85:(1899–1905)
80:(1872–1875)
3358:Categories
3343:See also:
2895:8 November
2837:8 November
2807:2023-10-02
2782:2023-09-15
2696:2023-09-12
2606:2023-09-14
2579:2024-01-08
2483:References
2416:See also:
2368:See also:
2347:Datu Piang
2342:Datu Piang
2340:See also:
2302:See also:
2253:See also:
2213:See also:
2163:See also:
1951:Gat Pangil
1622:(Idalemen
1510:See also:
1500:Datu Piang
1463:Kabuntalan
1449:, and the
1231:Bangsamoro
1137:Marcos era
1068:Hukbalahap
746:Piloncitos
585:(900–1565)
173:1350–1390
136:Government
127:Demonym(s)
78:Kudarangan
3108:Lupah Sug
2773:"TOMAS L"
2437:Polomolok
2051:Sri Lumay
1976:Lakandula
1926:Datu Daya
1755:namamahay
1741:Maharlika
1694:Apo, Datu
1506:Territory
1459:Sarangani
1325:Languages
1315:Geography
1305:Education
1290:Conflicts
1023:Jones Law
951:Artifacts
885:Katipunan
820:New Spain
488:Tabon Man
472:(pre-900)
301:1899–1905
291:1875–1899
116:Religion
83:Tinungkup
39:1350–1905
3114:Madja-as
3102:Caboloan
2866:29791738
2477:Datu Ali
2472:Datu Uto
2451:See also
2370:Datu Ali
2304:Datu Uto
2148:Religion
2136:consorts
2131:Monarchs
2115:By topic
1981:Lapulapu
1961:Jayadewa
1888:Sanmalan
1862:Mindanao
1856:Madja-as
1794:Caboloan
1764:Bulislis
1709:Panglima
1647:a series
1645:Part of
1492:Datu Uto
1488:Datu Ali
1478:Cotabato
1439:Mindanao
1427:Filipino
1345:Politics
1335:Military
1330:Medicine
1248:By topic
1206:EDSA III
721:Baybayin
696:Maragtas
664:Sanmalan
644:Madja-as
599:Caboloan
535:Balangay
461:Timeline
431:a series
429:Part of
323:Currency
131:Buayanen
3096:Namayan
3047:in the
2425:Visayas
2412:Slavery
2398:Economy
2280:Ternate
2243:Sa-ilud
2239:Sa-raya
2229:Tarsila
2204:History
2153:Warfare
1840:Visayas
1819:Namayan
1814:Maynila
1767:Horohan
1761:Bulisik
1753:Aliping
1724:Thimuay
1624:Iranuns
1576:Kabakan
1564:Sapakan
1551:Talayan
1310:Economy
795:Sandugo
756:Luzones
649:Dapitan
619:Maynila
614:Namayan
307:•
248:History
197:•
183:•
169:•
102:Teduray
56:Capital
3156:Cainta
3045:states
3000:
2959:
2920:
2864:
2752:
2548:
2508:
2429:Bisaya
2221:, and
2061:Urduja
1873:Butuan
1868:Buayan
1829:Sandao
1824:Pulilu
1804:Ibalon
1799:Cainta
1770:Uripon
1736:Timawa
1719:Sultan
1699:Bagani
1649:on the
1620:Tawlan
1582:Buluan
1445:, the
1260:Rulers
785:Events
659:Butuan
639:Sandao
634:Pulilu
624:Ibalon
604:Cainta
433:on the
327:Barter
251:
191:Budtul
159:
147:Sultan
98:Iranun
62:(1350–
60:Buayan
3078:Tondo
2862:JSTOR
2636:(PDF)
2444:Luzon
2269:Moros
1878:Lanao
1834:Tondo
1788:Luzon
1714:Rajah
1704:Lakan
1602:Talic
1474:Spain
1340:Names
609:Tondo
155:Rajah
120:Islam
110:Blaan
69:Bacat
66:1860)
3084:Ma-i
2998:ISBN
2957:ISBN
2931:2016
2918:ISBN
2897:2016
2839:2016
2750:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2435:and
2433:Tupi
1893:Sulu
1846:Cebu
1809:Ma-i
1615:Glan
1514:and
1423:Jawi
1410:The
654:Cebu
629:Ma-i
314:1905
281:1390
268:1350
177:Mamu
151:Datu
108:and
1465:to
238:Ali
226:Uto
3360::
2982:^
2939:^
2883:.
2856:.
2825:.
2799:.
2775:.
2764:^
2723:^
2705:^
2689:.
2676:^
2668:14
2666:.
2662:.
2648:^
2638:.
2615:^
2599:.
2588:^
2571:.
2560:^
2520:^
2490:^
2332:.
2217:,
1469:.
1429::
1418::
279:c.
266:c.
199:c.
185:c.
171:c.
104:,
100:,
96:,
73:c.
64:c.
37:c.
3036:e
3029:t
3022:v
3006:.
2965:.
2933:.
2899:.
2868:.
2858:9
2841:.
2810:.
2785:.
2758:.
2699:.
2642:.
2609:.
2582:.
2554:.
2514:.
2192:e
2185:t
2178:v
1687:)
1683:(
1639:.
1626:)
1610:)
1597:)
1590:)
1414:(
1399:e
1392:t
1385:v
153:/
149:/
71:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
