340:
unravel. The servant is sent out to search them, and find the boys bathing in the form of swans, with their sister guarding their gold chains. The servant steals the boys' chains, preventing them from changing back to human form, and the chains are taken to a goldsmith to be melted down to make a goblet. The swan-boys land in the young lord's pond, and their sister, who can still transform back and forth into human shape by the magic of her chain, goes to the castle to obtain bread to her brothers. Eventually the young lord asks her story so the truth comes out. The goldsmith was actually unable to melt down the chains, and had kept them for himself. These are now restored back to the six boys, and they regain their powers, except one, whose chain the smith had damaged in the attempt. So he alone is stuck in swan form. The work goes on to say obliquely hints that this is the swan in the Swan Knight tale, more precisely, that this was the swan “
434:
they survive, and seven years later are discovered by a greedy courtier named
Rudemart. Allured by the gold chains the children are wearing, he obtains instruction from the queen mother to steal them, but failing to take account of their numbers, misses the chain belonging to the girl. The six boys bereft of the chains fly out in swan form, and their father Lothair issues an order of protection. The king's nephew tries to hunt one of the birds to please him, but the king in a fit hurls a gold basin which breaks. Matrosilie then provides one of the necklaces to make the repair. Eventually the truth is untangled through the sister of the swan siblings. All the boys regain human form but one. While other seek their own fortunes, one boy cannot part with his brother turned permanently into a swan, and becomes Swan Knight.
31:
609:, English: "The Swan Maiden"). In this tale, a count finds a girl in the woods; she takes off her golden chain, becomes a swan and bathes in the lake. He marries the girl and she has three children, two boys and a girl, but her mother-in-law orders the children to be replaced by three dogs, taken to the forest and killed. The servant spares them, but abandons them in the woods. Some time later, their grandmother discovers the children are still alive and orders her servant to steal their golden chains, to trap them in swan form forever.
484:
410:
433:
While
Lothair is absent warring, the queen mother Matrosilie orders a servant to carry the children in two baskets and expose them in the forest, and prepares the lie that their mother gave birth to serpents and died from their bites. The servant however had left the children by the hermit's hut, so
339:
them under a tree. The young lord is told by his wicked mother that his bride gave birth to a litter of pups, and he punishes her by burying her up to the neck for seven years. Some time later, the young lord while hunting encounters the children in the forest, and the wicked mother's lie starts to
792:
The earliest recorded accounts of the Swan
Children already associate them with the Swan Knight, but there seems to be no doubt that the story pre-existed in oral form as a Germanic folktale. Related tales have been collected by folklorists; and the earliest recorded accounts, which can be dated to
429:
and the maiden with Elioxe. Lothair loses his way and stops by a fountain, and while asleep, is tended by Elioxe who comes out of the woodworks of the mountains. King
Lothair decides to wed her, despite his mother's protest. However Elioxe foretells her own death giving birth to seven children, and
450:
Version II involves the Swan Knight himself. These stories are sometimes attached to the story of the Swan
Children, but sometimes appear independently, in which case no explanation of the swan is given. All of these describe a knight who appears with a swan and rescues a lady; he then disappears
211:
Scholarship seems to agree with the possibility of a combination of narratives. Geoffrey M. Myers defended that the "swan-children" tale (a narrative of probable
Lotharingian origin) is an independent story due to the existence of variants collected from folk tradition, which folklorist
512:. Here the story is attached to Loherangrin, the son of the protagonist Parzival and Condwiramurs, the queen of Pelrapeire. As in other versions Loherangrin is a knight who arrives in a swan-pulled boat to defend a lady, in this case Elsa of
451:
after a taboo is broken, but not before becoming the ancestor of an illustrious family. Sometimes this is merely a brief account to introduce a descendant. The second version of this tale is thought to have been written by the
858:
Online. Edited by Rolf
Wilhelm Brednich, Heidrun Alzheimer, Hermann Bausinger, Wolfgang Brückner, Daniel Drascek, Helge Gerndt, Ines Köhler-Zülch, Klaus Roth and Hans-Jörg Uther. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2016 . p. 299.
331:) in the act of bathing, while clutching a gold necklace. They fall instantly for each other and consummate their love. The young lord brings her to his castle, and the maiden (just as she has foretold) gives birth to a
441:
as proof of it, and was then punished with a multiple birth of her own. In the
Beatrix versions, the mother is also an avenging justice. In the Isomberte variants, the woman is a princess fleeing a hated marriage.
793:
within a fairly short time of each other, reveal a kind of diversity which is best explained by postulating some independent developments of a basic folktale together with literary adaptation as time went on.
335:, six boys and a girl, with golden chains about their necks. But her evil mother-in-law swaps the newborn with seven puppies. The servant with orders to kill the children in the forest just
100:, figures as the son of Orient of L'Islefort (or Illefort) and his wife Beatrix in perhaps the most familiar version, which is the one adopted for the late fourteenth century
1350:
Emplaincourt, Edmond A.; Nelson, Jan A. (1983). ""La Geste du
Chevalier Au Cygne" : La Version en Prose de Copenhague et la Tradition du Premier Cycle de la Croisade".
774:
The story has a long literary history. It was used as early as 1190 in the
Dolopathos of Johannes de Alta Silva and it became connected with the legend of the Swan Knight.
278:
was of the same opinion that Johannes "combined" three tales: type ATU 451, the story of the Swan Knight and the marriage between man and a "waterwoman" (which he calls "
107:. The hero's mother's name may vary from Elioxe (probably a mere echo of Helias) to Beatrix depending on the text, and in a Spanish version, she is called Isomberte.
525:. The poet changed the title character's name slightly and added various new elements to the story, tying the Grail and Swan Knight themes into the history of the
852:"Die Erzählung von den Schwanenkindern stellt eine frühe Vorform von AaTh/ATU 451 "Mädchen sucht seine Brüder dar" . Ehrismann, Otfrid. "Schwan(en)ritter" . In:
180:
identifies four groups of variants, which he classifies usually by the name of the mother of the swan children. The tale in all variants resemble not only such
145:
Another example of the motif is Brangemuer, the knight who lay dead in a boat tugged by a swan, and whose adventure was taken up by Gawain's brother Guerrehet (
742:
Das Märchen zeigt ein hohes Alter. Bereits im 12. Jahrhundert ward es mit der Sage vom Schwanritter, in die es ursprünglich nicht hineingehört, verbunden.
1205:
The two knights of the swan, Lohengrin and Helyas: a study of the legend of the swan-knight, with special reference to its most important developments
1542:
744:[The fairy tale is ancient. In the 12th century, it became connected to "The Swan Knight" legend, to which it did not originally belong.]
1406:
Matthews, Alastair (2017). "When is the Swan Knight Not the Swan Knight? Berthold von Holle's Demantin and Literary Space in Medieval Europe".
1388:
373:. Godfrey loomed large in the medieval Christian imagination, and his shadowy genealogy became a popular subject for writers of the period.
425:
tale closest, but tells a courtlier version of the story, replacing the young lord who becomes lost with King Lothair, a ruler from beyond
240:
480:, who nevertheless was connected to the Greek solar god by orthodox worship because of his association to Mount Horeb and a fire chariot.
1163:
Dictionary of Medieval Heroes: Characters in Medieval Narrative Traditions and Their Afterlife in Literature, Theatre and the Visual Arts
267:(of possible Germanic origin) and the story of a sister rescuing her brothers from an animal transformation (of possible Celtic origin).
176:
The "Swan-Children" appears to have been originally separate from the Godfrey cycle and the Swan Knight story generally. French scholar
1508:
1227:
1119:
1083:
767:
701:
578:
533:. This version omits the taboo against asking about the hero's name and origins, allowing the knight and princess a happy ending.
270:
In the same vein, professor Anne E. Duggan remarked that the narrative seems to be a "hybrid story" that "fused" the theme of the
159:
733:
1443:
Smith, Hugh A. (1909). "Some Remarks on a Berne Manuscript of the "Chanson du Chevalier Au Cygne et de Godefroy de Bouillon"".
854:
30:
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1172:
839:
132:
in 1257, also featured a Swan Knight without a name. Wolfram's and Konrad's texts were used to construct the libretto for
1572:
1552:
34:
A tapestry of 1482 showing episodes from the Knight of the Swan story: At the bottom puppies are substituted for babies.
519:
In the late 13th century, the poet Nouhusius (Nouhuwius) adapted and expanded Wolfram's brief story into the romance
406:
also used a somewhat similar classification scheme for swan-children cognate tales which he refers to as Version I.)
398:
236:
740:(in German). Vol. Erster Band (NR. 1–60). Germany, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. p. 432.
186:
503:
291:
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129:
111:
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587:
1557:
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224:, the swan children tale was added to the Knight of the Swan to provide an explanation for the latter.
154:
1567:
1562:
1222:. The Old French Crusade Cycle. Vol. 1. Geoffrey M. Myers (essay). University of Alabama Press.
657:
370:
247:
366:
300:
275:
227:
Similarly, French scholar GĂ©deon Huet, complementing Gaston Paris's study on the tale, argued that
221:
89:
895:. Erster Band. Aus neueren Sammlungen. Jena: Eugen Diederichs. 1923. pp. 307–308 (note to tale 8).
1489:
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573:
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In the Beatrix variants, the woman had taunted another woman over her alleged adultery, citing a
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65:
58:
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872:
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925:. 1ste druk. Ton Dekker & Jurjen van der Kooi & Theo Meder. Kritak: Sun. 1997. p. 241.
905:
763:
697:
687:
545:
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357:
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274:, the Knight of the Swan, and the "Germanic fairy tale" about swan-children. Dutch folklorist
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47:
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Van Aladdin tot Zwaan kleef aan. Lexicon van sprookjes: ontstaan, ontwikkeling, variaties
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Middle English from British Library MS Cotton Caligula A ii., Modern English translation
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is a story of the swan children which has served as a precursor to the poems of the
208:, where brothers transformed into birds are rescued by the efforts of their sister.
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403:
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The Medieval German Lohengrin: Narrative Poetics in the Story of the Swan Knight
529:. In the 15th century an anonymous poet again took up the story for the romance
458:
455:
324:
50:
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516:. They marry, but he must leave when she breaks the taboo of asking his name.
316:
549:, probably the work through which the Swan Knight story is best known today.
521:
497:
332:
115:
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790:(2 ed.). Sydney: Dept. of English, University of Sydney. p. 151.
17:
1191:(from the Medieval manuscript, British Library, MS Cotton Caligula A.ii.)
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279:
192:
124:
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1371:
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1317:
1284:
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Duggan, Anne E. "Persecuted Wife. Motifs S410-S441". In: Jane Garry and
598:
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A Hungarian version of the story was collected by Hungarian journalist
472:. It has been suggested that this connects him to the Greek solar god,
452:
426:
150:
1493:
476:, but the name is in fact a common variant of the name of the prophet
74:) do not provide specific identity to this knight, but the Old French
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860:
477:
473:
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considered to be a "well-known Continental folk-tale" (in regards to
146:
409:
1485:
235:
folktales: "The Brothers Transformed into Birds" (future tale type
541:
482:
408:
328:
29:
1110:
Toner, Frederick L. (1991). "Richard Wagner". In Norris J. Lacy,
61:, his only condition being that he must never be asked his name.
257:
also claimed that the narrative was a combination of two parts:
54:
128:(first quarter of the 13th century). A German text, written by
921:
van der Kooi, Jurjen. "Het meisje dat haar broers zoekt". In:
396:
no French copy survives, and it's known only from the Spanish
910:
Archetypes and Motifs in Folklore and Literature. A Handbook
1145:
Erzaehlgut der Kroaten aus Stinatz im suedlichen Burgenland
738:
Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- u. hausmärchen der brüder Grimm
344:(that tugged by a gold chain an armed knight in a boat).”
1186:
The Romance of the Cheuelere Assigne (Knight of the Swan)
1161:
Gerritsen, Willem Pieter; Van Melle, Anthony G. (1998).
565:, and published in a collection of Hungarian folktales (
392:, 3) an Elioxe-Beatrix composite, and 4) Isomberte. Of
430:
that one of the offspring shall be king of the Orient.
355:
The Knight of the Swan story appears in the Old French
88:, first version around 1192) the legendary ancestor of
1325:
Barto, P. S. (1920). "The Schwanritter-Sceaf Myth in
1189:. EETS Extra series. Vol. 6. London: N. TrĂĽbner.
342:
quod cathena aurea militem in navicula trahat armatum
315:
A nameless young lord becomes lost in the hunt for a
1292:
Barron, W. R. J. (1968). "Versions and Texts of the
980:
978:
976:
1198:. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1880. pp. 430–453.
1061:
951:
935:
933:
931:
912:. Armonk / London: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. p. 411.
384:. The texts can be classed into four versions, 1)
323:where he encounters a mysterious woman (clearly a
1213:Mickel, Emanuel J.; Nelson, Jan A., eds. (1977).
487:Lohengrin postcard around 1900 by unknown artist
1147:. Bern, 1983. pp. 150–157. DOI: 10.3726/b12918.
762:. University of California Press. p. 111.
1134:. 2. kötet. Budapest: Athenaeum. Tale nr. 75.
958:, reprinted 2000, pp.247 "Seven Sages of Rome"
376:The swan-children tale occurs in the first or
312:by the poet Herbert. The story is as follows:
202:. It also bears resemblance to the fairy tale
1331:The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
995:
993:
843:. London: Rivingtons. 1876. pp. 441-442.
601:from informant Anna Sifkovits with the title
296:Dolopathos sive de Rege et Septem Sapientibus
8:
984:
939:
804:
652:
650:
1472:Todd, Henry Alfred (1889). "Introduction".
1208:. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's sons.
1143:Neweklowsky, Gerhard; Gaál, Károly (eds.).
506:adapted the Swan Knight motif for his epic
502:In the early 13th century, the German poet
53:about a mysterious rescuer who comes in a
1327:Perceval Le Gallois Ou Le Conte Du Graal
1011:
716:
365:, establishing a legendary ancestry of
1098:
1047:
1035:
1023:
999:
967:
696:. New York: Gordian Press. p. 62.
674:
664:. New York: Burt Franklin. p. 239.
641:
622:
308:. The tale was adapted into the French
828:. New York: Putnam. 1895. pp. 221–222.
693:Chaucer's Constance and Accused Queens
597:collected a Croatian language tale in
468:the name of the Knight of the Swan is
873:Sur quelques formes de la légende du
629:
7:
1167:Reprint: Boydell & Brewer 2000.
241:The Sisters Jealous of their Cadette
84:adapted it to make the Swan Knight (
64:The earliest versions, preserved in
298:(ca. 1190), a Latin version of the
1216:La Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne
1114:, pp. 502–505. New York: Garland.
861:https://doi.org/10.1515/emo.12.070
540:adapted the tale into his popular
378:La Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne
369:, who in 1099 became ruler of the
350:La Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne
25:
110:At a later time, the German poet
1196:Curious Myths Of The Middle Ages
840:Curious myths of the Middle Ages
1428:10.5699/modelangrevi.112.3.0666
1420:10.5699/modelangrevi.112.3.0666
1294:Naissance du Chevalier Au Cygne
1261:Naissance du Chevalier Au Cygne
153:) in the first Continuation to
1543:Arthurian literature in German
1525:New International Encyclopedia
1112:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1072:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
952:Gerritsen & Van Melle 1998
1:
1183:Gibbs, Henry H., ed. (1868).
1074:. New York: Garland. p.
1060:Kalinke, Marianne E. (1991).
956:Dictionary of Medieval Heroes
114:incorporated the swan knight
27:Character in a medieval tale
1519:"Swan, Knight of the"
1379:Matthews, Alastair (2016).
662:Medieval Romance in England
218:The Seven Swans (or Ravens)
1589:
1408:The Modern Language Review
1255:Barron, W. R. J. (1967). "
1132:Magyar mese- és mondavilág
567:Magyar mese- és mondavilág
495:
399:Gran conquista de Ultramar
243:" (future type ATU 707).
196:, but such fairy tales as
942:, Myer's essay, p.lxxxxi-
893:Französische Volksmärchen
882:XXXIV, 1905. pp. 207–208.
855:Enzyklopädie des Märchens
788:Medieval English Romances
1383:. Boydell & Brewer.
1202:Jaffray, Robert (1910).
987:, Myer's essay, p.xciii-
985:Mickel & Nelson 1977
940:Mickel & Nelson 1977
805:Mickel & Nelson 1977
57:-drawn boat to defend a
826:More Celtic fairy tales
572:Hungarian ethnographer
310:Li romans de Dolopathos
172:Origin: a hybrid story?
1457:10.3406/roma.1909.5052
1364:10.3406/roma.1983.2159
1310:10.3406/roma.1968.2670
837:Baring-Gould, Sabine.
504:Wolfram von Eschenbach
488:
418:
292:Johannes de Alta Silva
220:). Thus, according to
199:The Girl Without Hands
112:Wolfram von Eschenbach
35:
786:Speed, Diane (1989).
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412:
187:The Man of Law's Tale
86:Le Chevalier au Cigne
33:
1399:10.7722/j.ctt1k3s90m
1358:(415 (3)): 351–370.
1304:(356 (4)): 481–538.
371:Kingdom of Jerusalem
319:and wanders into an
1573:Damsels in distress
1553:Medieval literature
588:Gerhard Neweklowsky
421:Elioxe follows the
367:Godfrey of Bouillon
301:Seven Sages of Rome
276:Jurjen van der Kooi
222:Sabine Baring Gould
130:Konrad von WĂĽrzburg
90:Godfrey of Bouillon
1101:, pp. 282–283
891:Tegethoff, Ernst.
875:Chevalier au Cygne
807:, p. lxxxxi (
688:Schlauch, Margaret
489:
419:
182:chivalric romances
155:Chrétien de Troyes
94:Chevalier au Cigne
66:John of Alta Silva
40:Knight of the Swan
36:
1510:Cheuelere Assigne
1390:978-1-57113-971-9
1257:Chevalere Assigne
1194:Baring-Gould, S.
1175:, 9780851157801 (
658:Hibbard, Laura A.
603:Labudova dlvuojka
561:, with the title
527:Holy Roman Empire
358:chansons de geste
120:Matter of Britain
105:Cheuelere Assigne
81:chansons de geste
38:The story of the
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1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:(3/4): i–xv.
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1229:9780817385019
1225:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:0-8240-4377-4
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1085:0-8240-4377-4
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1053:
1050:, p. 248
1049:
1044:
1041:
1038:, p. 245
1037:
1032:
1029:
1026:, p. 244
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:Schlauch 1969
1008:
1005:
1002:, p. 242
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
977:
973:
969:
964:
961:
957:
953:
948:
945:
941:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
918:
915:
911:
907:
901:
898:
894:
888:
885:
881:
877:
876:
868:
865:
862:
857:
856:
849:
846:
842:
841:
834:
831:
827:
821:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
782:
779:
775:
771:
769:0-520-03537-2
765:
761:
757:
751:
748:
743:
739:
735:
734:PolĂvka, Jiri
731:
725:
722:
719:, p. 80.
718:
717:Schlauch 1969
713:
710:
705:
703:9780877520979
699:
695:
694:
689:
683:
680:
677:, p. 240
676:
671:
668:
663:
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
617:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
594:
589:
586:
583:and Austrian
580:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
552:
550:
548:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:
517:
515:
511:
510:
505:
499:
491:
485:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
457:
454:
445:
443:
440:
435:
431:
428:
424:
416:
411:
407:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
363:Crusade cycle
361:of the first
360:
359:
351:
347:
345:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
306:Crusade cycle
303:
302:
297:
293:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
265:
260:
254:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
214:Joseph Jacobs
209:
207:
206:
205:The Six Swans
201:
200:
195:
194:
189:
188:
183:
179:
171:
167:Swan Children
166:
164:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
140:
135:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:
77:
76:Crusade cycle
73:
72:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1558:Swan maidens
1548:German poems
1523:
1509:
1477:
1473:
1448:
1444:
1411:
1407:
1380:
1355:
1351:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1271:(1): 25–37.
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1239:
1235:
1215:
1204:
1195:
1185:
1162:
1154:Bibliography
1144:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1111:
1106:
1099:Kalinke 1991
1094:
1071:
1055:
1048:Hibbard 1963
1043:
1036:Hibbard 1963
1031:
1024:Hibbard 1963
1019:
1007:
1000:Hibbard 1963
968:Hibbard 1963
963:
955:
947:
922:
917:
909:
900:
892:
887:
879:
874:
867:
853:
848:
838:
833:
825:
820:
812:
808:
800:
791:
787:
781:
773:
760:The Folktale
759:
750:
741:
737:
724:
712:
692:
682:
675:Hibbard 1963
670:
661:
644:, p. 11
642:Jaffray 1910
637:
625:
606:
602:
571:
566:
563:Hattyú vitéz
562:
559:Elek Benedek
556:
544:
535:
530:
520:
518:
507:
501:
469:
463:
449:
436:
432:
422:
420:
404:Gaston Paris
397:
393:
389:
385:
377:
375:
356:
354:
349:
341:
314:
309:
299:
295:
290:Included in
289:
269:
262:
258:
245:
232:
228:
226:
217:
210:
203:
197:
191:
185:
178:Gaston Paris
175:
158:
144:
137:
123:
109:
104:
97:
93:
85:
79:
69:
63:
43:
39:
37:
1568:ATU 700-749
1563:ATU 400-459
1265:Medium Ævum
1242:ed. Nelson)
1063:"Lohengrin"
815:ed. Nelson)
591: [
577: [
574:Gaál Károly
459:Jean Renart
446:Swan Knight
325:swan maiden
251: [
116:Loherangrin
44:Swan Knight
18:Swan Knight
1537:Categories
1173:0851157807
630:Gibbs 1868
613:References
423:Dolopathos
317:white stag
286:Dolopathos
239:451) and "
229:Dolopathos
71:Dolopathos
1436:164268029
1220:(preview)
618:Citations
605:(German:
585:Slavicist
546:Lohengrin
536:In 1848,
522:Lohengrin
498:Lohengrin
492:Lohengrin
394:Isomberte
333:septuplet
282:motif").
231:reworked
139:Lohengrin
136:'s opera
118:into his
1465:45043984
1372:45040923
1343:27700998
1318:45040306
1285:43627310
1259:and the
908:(eds.).
758:(1977).
736:(1913).
690:(1969).
660:(1963).
531:Lorengel
509:Parzival
456:trouvère
413:Helias,
337:abandons
280:Melusine
259:Genoveva
160:Perceval
125:Parzival
48:medieval
1528:. 1905.
1445:Romania
1352:Romania
1298:Romania
1240:BĂ©atrix
1177:preview
1070:(ed.).
880:Romania
878:". In:
813:BĂ©atrix
599:Stinatz
514:Brabant
466:Brabant
427:Hungary
415:Brabant
390:Beatrix
151:Gaheris
46:, is a
1494:456077
1492:
1463:
1434:
1426:
1397:
1387:
1370:
1341:
1316:
1283:
1236:Elioxe
1226:
1171:
1118:
1082:
809:Elioxe
766:
700:
553:Legacy
478:Elijah
474:Helios
470:Helias
453:Norman
386:Elioxe
147:Gareth
98:Helias
92:. The
59:damsel
1490:JSTOR
1461:JSTOR
1432:S2CID
1424:JSTOR
1395:JSTOR
1368:JSTOR
1339:JSTOR
1314:JSTOR
1281:JSTOR
1066:. In
595:]
581:]
542:opera
402:. (
388:, 2)
382:cycle
329:fairy
255:]
193:Emaré
122:epic
42:, or
1474:PMLA
1385:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1080:ISBN
764:ISBN
698:ISBN
190:and
55:swan
51:tale
1482:doi
1453:doi
1416:doi
1412:112
1360:doi
1356:104
1329:".
1306:doi
1296:".
1273:doi
1263:".
1076:239
569:).
464:In
327:or
294:'s
261:or
237:ATU
233:two
184:as
149:or
78:of
68:'s
1539::
1522:.
1488:.
1476:.
1459:.
1449:38
1447:.
1430:.
1422:.
1410:.
1393:.
1366:.
1354:.
1335:19
1333:.
1312:.
1302:89
1300:.
1279:.
1269:36
1267:.
1078:.
992:^
975:^
954:,
930:^
772:.
732:;
649:^
593:de
579:hu
461:.
253:de
163:.
157:'
1496:.
1484::
1478:4
1467:.
1455::
1438:.
1418::
1401:.
1374:.
1362::
1345:.
1320:.
1308::
1287:.
1275::
1234:(
1232:.
1179:)
1088:.
706:.
20:)
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