973:
120:
in the 1800s, it was a system of gymnastics based on both the German and
Swedish systems. Sargent constructed many types of apparatus to be used in his program and also experimented in anthropometric measurements. This eclectic system required a thorough medical examination as a basic preliminary to
107:
in the 1890s. His system, based on the belief that certain exercises contributed more to poise, grace, beauty and health, and were therefore more beneficial in improving performances in singing, drama and dance, gained popularity in dance and theatre as well as physical education, though in the
129:
There was no winner proclaimed because popularity varied from region to region and as one would gain a strong foothold, another system would grow in popularity. The public would shift with the latest trend. These systems would all but vanish as science and research would reveal the truth in
91:, was a health-oriented approach and recognized for inherent medical values. The Swedish "light gymnastics" used no apparatus, consisting of calisthenics and exercises. It was freer and less rigid than the German system. The Swedish system was made popular in America from the 1880s under
71:, used large fixed apparatus, vaulting and marching. Jahn felt that physical conditioning was essential for a strong nation. The German system had a "militaristic" view of fitness, with a very strict, formal style of physical training: Jahn's purpose in promoting what he called the
42:
that spanned from the 1830s to the early 1920s, consisted of different systems of exercise mostly in a gymnastic or calisthenic-type format. It raged in the
183:
79:
by
Charles Beck, a German immigrant. Although they were based on the ideas and work of Friedrich Jahn, the American system was less nationalistic.
903:
795:
206:
1003:
531:
176:
631:
231:
465:
283:
1008:
942:
428:
998:
976:
736:
169:
388:
149:
898:
393:
258:
92:
378:
338:
521:
771:
536:
511:
383:
343:
211:
68:
888:
850:
835:
731:
353:
303:
216:
117:
104:
825:
516:
830:
746:
423:
47:
741:
676:
641:
586:
491:
470:
438:
358:
348:
313:
947:
870:
751:
661:
636:
581:
571:
561:
433:
368:
363:
308:
226:
221:
192:
88:
64:
932:
878:
815:
686:
656:
576:
541:
506:
333:
288:
278:
153:
820:
701:
681:
646:
611:
601:
556:
526:
403:
147:
Roots of physical training according to the Iowa Health and
Physical Readiness Alliance
992:
893:
883:
691:
626:
621:
606:
566:
501:
496:
475:
328:
273:
241:
43:
860:
840:
810:
756:
726:
711:
651:
551:
418:
413:
323:
236:
39:
17:
855:
766:
721:
616:
591:
453:
408:
373:
318:
298:
952:
937:
845:
776:
716:
706:
696:
666:
546:
293:
72:
761:
671:
443:
448:
398:
35:
957:
781:
596:
460:
76:
146:
161:
75:
movement was to mold the German youth into strong citizens. It was
165:
87:
Sometimes called the "Swedish
Movement Cure," founded by
27:
Battle of the
Systems is a revolution in exercise trends
34:
was a controversy over the most effective system of
920:
869:
803:
794:
484:
266:
257:
250:
199:
108:latter its popularity was limited and short-lived.
177:
8:
800:
263:
254:
184:
170:
162:
139:
7:
207:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
25:
972:
971:
1:
284:Edward William Barton-Wright
152:September 29, 2007, at the
103:A French system created by
1025:
232:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano
966:
1004:Western physical culture
121:any physical activity.
904:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao
928:Battle of the Systems
772:Warren Lincoln Travis
537:Marie Bjelke Petersen
344:Edith Margaret Garrud
212:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
77:introduced to America
69:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
32:Battle of the Systems
889:Seetharaman Sundaram
851:Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
836:Jatindra Charan Guho
732:Dudley Allen Sargent
354:George Hackenschmidt
217:Johann Baptist Krebs
118:Dudley Allen Sargent
389:Jørgen Peter Müller
130:promoters' claims.
46:as states mandated
831:Ambika Charan Guha
747:Genevieve Stebbins
424:Clara Schlaffhorst
83:Swedish gymnastics
48:physical education
18:Swedish gymnastics
1009:Physical exercise
986:
985:
943:Muscular religion
916:
915:
912:
911:
790:
789:
742:Amos Alonzo Stagg
677:Bernarr Macfadden
642:Annette Kellerman
587:Keene Fitzpatrick
492:Marguerite Agniel
471:Emily Diana Watts
439:Lionel Strongfort
339:Gustav Frištenský
314:Launceston Elliot
304:François Delsarte
105:François Delsarte
59:German gymnastics
16:(Redirected from
1016:
999:Physical culture
975:
974:
948:Yoga as exercise
801:
752:Alois P. Swoboda
662:Diocletian Lewis
637:George F. Jowett
582:Carrica Le Favre
572:Ludwig Durlacher
562:C. Ward Crampton
434:Mary Bagot Stack
369:F. A. Hornibrook
364:Oscar Heidenstam
309:Edmond Desbonnet
264:
255:
227:Franz Nachtegall
222:Pehr Henrik Ling
193:Physical culture
186:
179:
172:
163:
156:
144:
95:and Nils Posse.
89:Pehr Henrik Ling
65:Johann Guts Muth
21:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1013:
989:
988:
987:
982:
962:
953:Natural hygiene
933:Fitness culture
908:
879:Krishnamacharya
865:
816:Ramesh Balsekar
786:
687:William Muldoon
657:W. R. C. Latson
577:George Eiferman
542:William Blaikie
507:Sanford Bennett
480:
334:Bob Fitzsimmons
289:Zishe Breitbart
279:William Bankier
246:
195:
190:
160:
159:
154:Wayback Machine
145:
141:
136:
127:
114:
101:
99:Delsarte system
85:
61:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1022:
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1011:
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984:
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867:
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848:
843:
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828:
823:
821:The Great Gama
818:
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769:
764:
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729:
724:
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709:
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702:Harry Paschall
699:
694:
689:
684:
682:Artie McGovern
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
647:Siegmund Klein
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
612:Joe Greenstein
609:
604:
602:John B. Gagnon
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
557:Edwin Checkley
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
527:George Brosius
524:
519:
514:
512:Pierre Bernard
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468:
463:
458:
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431:
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421:
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404:William Pullum
401:
396:
394:Hartvig Nissen
391:
386:
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376:
371:
366:
361:
359:Georges Hébert
356:
351:
349:Hermann Görner
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174:
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158:
157:
138:
137:
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126:
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112:Sargent system
110:
100:
97:
93:Hartvig Nissen
84:
81:
60:
57:
55:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1021:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
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979:
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936:
934:
931:
929:
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919:
905:
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897:
895:
894:Shri Yogendra
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:Kuvalayananda
882:
880:
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868:
862:
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692:Ralph Parcaut
690:
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633:
630:
628:
627:Roy Hilligenn
625:
623:
622:Milo Hastings
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
607:Vince Gironda
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
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588:
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583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
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567:Jack Delinger
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
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545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Drexel Biddle
530:
528:
525:
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520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
502:Clarence Bass
500:
498:
497:Charles Atlas
495:
493:
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489:
487:
483:
477:
476:Freddie Welsh
474:
472:
469:
467:
466:Ronald Walker
464:
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329:Eileen Fowler
327:
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307:
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280:
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275:
274:Bert Assirati
272:
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265:
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260:
256:
253:
249:
243:
242:Thomas Topham
240:
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78:
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70:
66:
58:
53:
51:
49:
45:
44:United States
41:
37:
33:
19:
970:
927:
861:Monotosh Roy
841:Guru Hanuman
811:Manohar Aich
804:Bodybuilding
757:Armand Tanny
727:Tony Sansone
712:Steve Reeves
652:Jack LaLanne
552:Alan Calvert
419:Arthur Saxon
414:Eugen Sandow
324:Juan Ferrero
237:Adolf Spiess
142:
128:
115:
102:
86:
62:
40:calisthenics
31:
29:
856:Chandgi Ram
826:B. C. Ghosh
767:John Terpak
737:Larry Scott
722:Joe Rollino
632:Bob Hoffman
617:John Grimek
592:Mark Forest
454:Monte Saldo
409:Joan Rhodes
374:Thomas Inch
319:Tony Emmott
299:Victor Dane
200:Antecedents
116:Founded by
63:Started by
993:Categories
938:Gymnastics
846:K. V. Iyer
777:Al Treloar
717:Leo Robert
707:Bill Pearl
697:Kid Parker
667:Gilman Low
547:Paul Bragg
522:Joe Bonomo
517:Mark Berry
384:Dan McLeod
294:Niels Bukh
134:References
73:Turnverein
762:Vic Tanny
672:Dan Lurie
485:New World
444:Maxalding
379:John Lees
50:systems.
977:Category
399:Reg Park
267:European
150:Archived
36:exercise
958:Pilates
921:Related
782:Turners
597:Ed Fury
461:Vulcana
259:Western
251:Systems
125:Outcome
54:Systems
899:Tiruka
796:Indian
449:Maxick
871:Yogic
429:Sokol
67:and
38:and
30:The
995::
185:e
178:t
171:v
20:)
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