769:. The Saxons had entrenched themselves with heavy artillery support south of the river Düna, but when the Swedes attacked their casualties were limited to 100 men dead, due to the poor accuracy of the enemy artillery and the water that negated explosive shells. The Saxon lines collapsed as soon as the Swedish army landed on the river bank, and up to 2,000 of Augustus' soldiers were killed. However, the Saxon army and their Russian reinforcements managed to retreat and maintain a sizeable force near the Swedish border. Charles XII was now forced to choose between marching into Poland and be attacked from behind by the Russians or the other way around. He chose the former, and thus the invasion of Poland had begun.
339:
328:
189:
358:
213:
847:
32:
792:. Another important factor to why the campaign was abandoned was Charles XII's intention to create a public opposition against Augustus in Poland, which would be difficult if the people were victims of a Swedish invasion. Because of this, Charles XII's upcoming campaigns would be aimed at destroying the Polish military in the field while avoiding sieges or skirmishes. Only by crushing the Polish-Lithuanian army, Charles XII thought he would be able to turn the Polish people against Augustus.
108:
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369:
351:
318:
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234:
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201:
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796:
866:, organized a confederation in Greater Poland in protest against Augustus' actions. The confederation eventually won many supporters, many of whom feared a Russian invasion and believed Swedish protection to be the only way to defend themselves. Even cardinal Radziejowski, who had previously spoken of the importance of neutrality, now claimed that an alliance with the Swedes was necessary for Poland's survival.
878:, was imprisoned by Augustus' forces and would remain in jail for two years along with his brother, Konstanty. Yet the king's efforts were in vain, and under the protection of the Swedish military the council members in Greater Poland could safely elect Stanisław Leszczyński as king of Poland–Lithuania on 2 July 1704. His royal title would be Stanisław I (the surname Leszczyński would still remain in use).
832:'s borders, Charles XII convinced Frederick to sign a non-aggression pact with the Swedish empire (something that would be violated by Frederick in 1715, when Prussia attacked Swedish settlements in northern Germany). Augustus once more tried to gather supporters in Lublin, but the parliament of Poland was divided when the officials of Greater Poland refused to accept Augustus as their king.
429:
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296:
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945:, which would become their first naval base in the Baltic sea. Throughout 1704 Dorpat and Narva had also been lost. However, the Russians had failed to drive the Swedes out of Courland, and thus the Swedes remained in control of the eastern Baltic sea and were able to maintain a steady supply of resources to the army in Poland. This has been credited to
965:. Augustus had heard of the Swedish advance and quickly escaped the city along with a large cavalry force and then tried to attack Rehnskiöld's army together with a Russian-Saxon army under Matthias von der Schulenburg. However, Rehnskiöld's excellent tactics and relentless offensives quickly overwhelmed the numerically superior enemy in the battle of
960:
To gain an advantage in the Great
Northern War, Peter was eager to strengthen the power of Augustus in Poland. For this purpose he had sent a large force to the area and in the autumn of 1705 he personally met with Augustus in Grodno to negotiate about what actions should be taken. While Carl Gustaf
997:
personally visited
Charles XII and pleaded for him not to intervene. The Holy Roman Emperor signed a treaty with Sweden on 22 August 1707 where he made amends to the Swedish king and agreed to give the Protestants in Silesia more religious rights. This was also a signal to non-Catholics in the rest
913:
During 1705 the faction supporting Stanisław and the Swedes grew considerably, and the new king could be crowned in
September, and with his new authority as king Stanisław signed the treaty of Warsaw, ending the Polish-Swedish war. Under the influence of Charles XII, the treaty included that Poland
897:
to lure the Swedes south while the main army led by
Schulenburg would lead the grand army back to Saxony. But Charles XII was not to be fooled and immediately chased Schulenburg to annihilate the Saxon grand army. After an extraordinary march (500 km in nine days), the Swedish troops caught up
736:
announced his intentions to maintain peace with the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth, but that such a thing would hardly be possible as long as Augustus remained on the throne. Accordingly, the Swedish leadership issued a declaration of war against Augustus personally, but not against his nation, and
731:
in Russia, and Sweden's ongoing conflict with
Denmark-Norway in the west, the Polish monarch believed it was going to be an easy victory. This was in opposition with the nobility, however, and his ambitions were not well-received among any of his advisors, pointing out that Poland–Lithuania was not
928:
When the fighting between Sweden and Poland had ceased the task remained for
Charles XII to secure the new order against coup attempts from the Saxons and Augustus' ally tsar Peter. Throughout the time of the war Peter had been desperately trying to modernize his outdated army after the defeat at
988:
At this time the Great
Northern War was no longer an isolated conflict and begun to involve the great powers of western Europe as Charles's reputation as an undefeated military genius spread. Prussia, which had maintained a stance of neutrality now forged an alliance with Sweden in August 1707,
740:
Without making the abdication of
Augustus II an absolute condition, Charles XII did put all his efforts into reaching this goal. The Swedish ambition was to create a powerful Polish government that would be able to maintain independence from Sweden's enemies, as well as cooperating with Sweden
1956:
Kort berättelse, om det fächtande som är förelupit den 3/13. februarij widh
Polangen, emellan ett ifrån gref Leijonhufwudz armee, under herr major Danckwar ut- commenderat partie och ett starckt partie af ryszar och littouer, under den : ryska öfwerstens Iwan Stephan Gagoron Morbruns
998:
of the Empire - particularly Hungary - that if they ever came into conflict with the catholic government then Sweden would aid them. After this the Emperor was careful to take any steps against Sweden, further enhancing the image of Charles XII as a feared and powerful ruler in Europe.
719:. Although these factions had promised not to work against Augustus, the agreement was very unstable. To increase his own authority and put down any rebellious elements within his country, the elected monarch considered an invasion of
526:
993:. For some time this was a very possible event as the Holy Roman Empire had supported Augustus in the war as well as taking in fleeing alliance troops, but France's hopes of Swedish support were lost when the English statesman
1954:
809:, where he broke his thigh bone in a riding accident (a wound that would affect him for the rest of his life). Meanwhile, Augustus had tried to gather his supporters to create a confederation and use military force to keep
741:
against these nations. However, the pro-Swedish nobility could do little to overthrow Augustus, who received support in many forms from the Russian Empire, and Poland–Lithuania was on the brink of a civil war as of 1701.
2097:
Gordon A. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. Aberdeen. 1755. pp.
2336:
Gordon A. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. Aberdeen. 1755. p.
2183:
Gordon A. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. Aberdeen. 1755. p.
873:
between January and February 1704 declared that king Augustus was no longer king of Poland, and a new election took place. However, before the election could begin, the leading candidate for the Polish throne,
519:
961:
Rehnskiöld protected western Poland, Charles XII rapidly led his men towards Grodno around new year 1706 hoping to capture Augustus, who was protected by a Russian task force under field marshal
512:
989:
possibly out of fear rather than tactical gains. Louis XIV of France also paid close attention to the conflict and reached out to Charles XII with a proposal that Sweden would join the ongoing
2238:Беспалов А. В. (Alexander V. Bespalov) Русский вспомогательный корпус на службе Саксонии в эпоху Великой Северной войны // Северная Европа: проблемы истории. Вып.5. М., 2005. С. 245.
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at this time, and the Polish government was located in Saxony). However, he rejected this idea, partly because the naval powers of Europe had claimed that such an operation into the
2324:
An Impartial History of the Life and Actions of Peter Alexowitz, the present Czar of Muscovy. Daniel Defoe. W. Chetwood, J. Stagg, J. Brotherton, and T. Edlin, 1723. pp. 172–174
692:. The Polish front was a major part of the greater conflict, and it included some decisive battles in favor of the Swedes that contributed to the length of the war (21 years).
2158:
According to "Wimmer, Jan (1956)" the coalition army claimed they had lost about a fourth of the Swedish–Polish losses, which they had overestimated to a number of 1,000 men.
2696:
972:
With the decisive Swedish victory the threat from Saxony was gone, and Charles XII could now concentrate on chasing the Russians out of eastern Poland. He
321:
910:
on 28 October 1704, Charles XII ran down a certain amount of Saxon troops with his 2,300 cavalrymen, but Schulenburg's army was not completely destroyed.
536:
309:
929:
Narva, even though the Russian military was adequate to operate against poorly defended cities throughout the Swedish Baltic provinces. After
2638:
2484:
2459:
2262:
Ett kort dock tydeligit utdrag utur then öfwer konung Carl den Tolftes lefwerne och konglida dater, Jöran Andersson Nordberg (1745). p. 477
53:
776:, Charles XII considered a quick strike into Saxony to destroy the center of Augustus' government (Poland–Lithuania and Saxony were in a
777:
400:
689:
217:
137:
2560:
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2368:
2302:
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723:
to be the best choice: not only would this restore a part of Poland's former territorial conquests, but it would also put down the
889:, Augustus moved his forces north to unite with the recently arrived Saxon army and attack the defenseless city of Warsaw, taking
2193:
Dorrell, Nicholas. The Dawn of the Tsarist Empire: Poltava & the Russian Campaigns of 1708—1709, Partizan Press (2009). pp 18
676:, was a conflict in eastern Europe overshadowed by the ongoing Great Northern War fought between the Swedish Empire against the
977:
841:
980:
on 14 September 1706, in which Augustus renounced his claims to the Polish throne and recognized the leadership of Stanisław.
107:
2691:
2671:
1002:
930:
422:
2313:
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prisoner. Fearing Swedish retaliation, Augustus then moved west in an evasive maneuver, taking his cavalry forces towards
789:
708:
332:
193:
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1498:
1146:
640:
575:
2666:
2052:
373:
149:
2173:Б. И. Куракин. Русско-шведская война. Записки. 1700—1710 // Архив кн. Ф. А. Куракина. — Кн. 1. — СПб., 1890 — с. 303.
2088:
The Battle of Gemäuerthof, 16 July 1705, H.E. Uddgren. "Karolinska Förbundets Årsbok 1913" (Translated by Dan Schorr)
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would join the war against Russia and that Polish Protestants would be given certain rights to exercise their faith.
863:
818:
580:
560:
46:
40:
1234:
994:
973:
923:
595:
990:
278:
1564:
57:
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2440:
Grimberg & Uddgren, Carl & Hugo (1914). Svenska krigarbragder (in Swedish). Norstedt Förlag. Stockholm.
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1036:
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382:
113:
2056:
1300:
2504:
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1322:
946:
814:
750:
625:
300:
1770:
Generalstaben (1918). Karl XII på slagfältet, II. P.A. Norstedt och söners förlag, Stockholm. pp. 413–414
1782:
Generalstaben (1918). Karl XII på slagfältet, I. P.A. Norstedt och söners förlag, Stockholm. pp. 438–439
1520:
1366:
962:
954:
875:
615:
585:
256:
1058:
555:
969:, and of 20,000 alliance troops only a quarter managed to escape while Sweden lost as few as 400 men.
1792:
1212:
1124:
950:
938:
799:
773:
685:
590:
570:
395:
368:
350:
312:
206:
1410:
881:
Charles XII now decided to aim a decisive strike against the regions supportive of Augustus, namely
2539:
Bidrag till kännedom om de händelser, som närmast föregingo svenska stormaktsväldets fall, volume I
1843:
Sundberg, Ulf, Sveriges krig, Del 3: 1630–1814. Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek (2010). p. 223.
1476:
700:
635:
600:
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had won the Polish crown by military force after a violent election. Among his opponents were the
317:
305:
934:
829:
99:
753:, Charles XII's plan was to beat the Saxon army; a necessity for the Swedish army to march for
233:
2634:
2616:
2582:
2514:
2480:
2455:
2386:
2364:
2064:
2034:
1993:
1979:
1961:
1344:
941:, the Russians had conquered Nöteborg and Nyenskans, as well as beginning the construction of
781:
728:
610:
411:
237:
228:
2572:
1586:
1278:
942:
907:
762:
704:
650:
605:
433:
343:
20:
720:
386:
378:
289:
1822:
1793:"Caleb de Frumeries berättelse om expeditionen till Litauen 1703 och slaget vid Saladen"
761:
and strike the final blow against Russia. The two forces collided on the ninth of July (
2415:
810:
795:
724:
716:
681:
677:
182:
2660:
882:
19:
This article is about the 18th century invasion. For the 17th century invasion, see
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2291:
2026:
Der Ausführlichen Lebens-Beschreibung Carls des XII., Königs in Schweden: Volume 5
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2537:
2526:
2508:
2494:
2445:
2428:
2401:
2354:
2024:
1983:
1864:
Fr. Rudolf Antoni, Fälttåget i Polen, 1703. Berlingska boktryckeriet 1915. p. 34.
1852:
Fr. Rudolf Antoni, Fälttåget i Polen, 1703. Berlingska boktryckeriet 1915. p. 33.
504:
2561:"The First Occupation of Vilnius during the Great Northern War (April-May 1702)"
2510:
The Present State of Europe, or, The Historical and Political Mercury, Volume 16
2030:
733:
444:
362:
2607:
Wimmer, Jan (1956). Wojsko Rzeczypospolitej w dobie wojny północnej: 1700–1717.
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749:
After forcing a peace treaty with Denmark and annihilating the Russian army at
890:
455:
267:
2586:
2390:
2068:
1997:
1965:
2518:
2451:
2382:
2360:
2060:
2038:
817:. However, his plans were ruined when Charles XII routed the Polish army at
785:
1985:
Leben Karl des Zwölften Königs in Schweden mit Münzen und Kupfern: Volume 1
894:
859:
806:
2303:
Dictionary of Swedish National Biography, Carl Gustaf Creutz (in Swedish)
2403:
The History of the Wars, of His Late Majesty Charles XII, King of Sweden
732:
allied with Denmark nor Russia in the Swedish conflict. Simultaneously,
727:'s ability to interfere with Polish affairs. With promised support from
2172:
1989:
966:
903:
886:
855:
712:
2434:
2407:
2292:
Slaget vid Kletsk, Arkivcentrum, December 2009, pp. 6–12 (in Swedish)
899:
870:
758:
428:
417:
406:
295:
284:
273:
262:
251:
223:
177:
737:
Charles XII began to rally the Polish nobility against their king.
1960:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungliga Tryckeriet. 1705. pp. 1–3.
845:
794:
754:
2136:
2134:
2650:
Kort berättelse, om det i Pohlen öfwerståndne fälttoget åhr 1704
850:
Stanisław I Leszczyński as king of Poland, being elected in 1704
766:
2106:
2104:
508:
1937:
1935:
1933:
813:
down, after which he tried to strengthen diplomatic ties with
25:
1920:
1918:
1665:
1663:
1650:
1648:
2121:
2119:
1620:
1618:
2057:"Ordinarie Stockholmiske Post-Tijender: Af den 14 Martij"
1730:
1728:
1726:
1635:
1633:
2356:
Carolus Rex: Karl XII – hans liv i sanning återberättat
2270:
2268:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1764:
2604:, Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek, Stockholm 2001
2469:
Krigen kring Östersjön - Karolinska krigare 1660-1721
2430:
Avvisi italiani, ordinarii e straordinarii, Volume 19
2528:Karl XII betraktad från krigsvetenskaplig synpunkt
161:Stanislaw I replaces Augustus II as King of Poland
2379:Sveriges Historia under Carl den Tolftes Regering
1754:
1752:
1742:
1740:
116:, the first major battle of the Swedish invasion
2287:
2285:
2283:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
92:
2332:
2330:
2110:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1001:The following year, Charles XII launched the
520:
8:
772:After crushing his enemies once more in the
2597:(2010) Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek.
2258:
2256:
1860:
1858:
2447:Great Northern War Compendium (Volume One)
2168:
2166:
2164:
527:
513:
505:
89:
2576:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
2247:
2226:
2125:
1941:
1924:
1909:
1885:
1639:
1012:
39:This article includes a list of general
2471:, Schildts Förlags AB, Helsingfors 2008
2202:
1897:
1705:
1693:
1669:
1654:
1614:
788:, who was at war with Leopold I in the
387:
16:16th century Swedish invasion of Poland
2542:, Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söner
2531:(in Swedish), N.M. Lindhus Boktryckeri
2479:(in Swedish), Lund: Historiska Media,
2444:Kling, Steve; Sjöström, Oskar (2015),
2274:
1717:
1681:
885:, but while Charles XII was besieging
674:Polish front of the Great Northern War
666:Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)
93:Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)
2214:
2010:
1873:
1624:
7:
2554:(in Swedish), Lund: Historiska Media
2631:Det stora nordiska kriget 1700-1721
2499:, Stockholm: Directeuren Pet. Momma
2140:Grimberg & Uddgren, pp. 233–236
1734:Grimberg & Uddgren, pp. 177–180
828:With his threatening position near
821:and took the city of Toruń after a
765:) of 1701 near the Swedish city of
1982:; Heubel, Johann Heinrich (1745).
805:The king let his troops rest near
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
707:of Poland, most notably cardinal
2697:Poland–Sweden military relations
2559:Sliesoriūnas, Gintautas (2009).
2513:, London: Randal Taylor, 1690-,
2496:Konung Carl den XII:tes historia
2420:Berättelser ur svenska historien
2314:Jan Wimmer: The Battle of Kalisz
670:Charles XII's invasion of Poland
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30:
842:Civil war in Poland (1704-1706)
933:'s failures in the battles of
898:with the retreating Saxons at
784:would benefit the French king
690:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
538:Polish–Swedish War (1701–1706)
138:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2615:, Wahlström & Widstrand,
2565:Lithuanian Historical Studies
2422:(in Swedish), vol. 21–22
2385:: P.A. Norstedt & Söner,
790:War of the Spanish Succession
2611:Wolke, Lars Ericson (2003),
2053:Post- och Inrikes Tidningar
2713:
2578:10.30965/25386565-01401006
2427:Ghelen, Giov. van (1702),
2363:: Albert Bonniers Förlag,
2149:Defoe, Daniel, pp. 131–132
2033:: Riegel. pp. 16–18.
1758:Sliesoriūnas (2009), p. 83
1746:Sliesoriūnas (2009), p. 81
995:John Churchill Marlborough
924:Swedish invasion of Saxony
921:
839:
715:, as well as the powerful
709:Michał Stefan Radziejowski
148:Victory of Sweden and the
18:
2377:Carlson, Fredrik (1885),
2111:Kling & Sjöström 2015
1992:: Trausold. p. 633.
1819:"Slaget vid Saladen 1703"
991:War of Spanish Succession
546:
490:
461:
243:
169:
120:
105:
97:
2547:Sjöström, Oskar (2008),
2493:Nordberg, Jöran (1740),
931:Wolmar von Schlippenbach
499:70,824 combat casualties
496:14,785 combat casualties
2629:Ullgren, Peter (2008),
2595:Sveriges krig 1630-1814
383:Otto Arnold von Paykull
333:Stanisław I Leszczyński
60:more precise citations.
2602:Karl XII som fältherre
2477:Stormaktens sista krig
2475:Larsson, Olle (2009),
2023:Faber, Samuel (1706).
947:Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt
851:
815:Frederick I of Prussia
802:
301:Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt
279:Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld
244:Commanders and leaders
2692:Charles XII of Sweden
2672:Wars involving Sweden
2633:, Stockholm: Prisma,
2525:Pönitz, Karl (1858),
963:Georg Benedict Ogilvy
949:for his victories at
902:, near the border of
876:Jakub Ludwik Sobieski
864:Stanisław Leszczyński
849:
840:Further information:
836:Stanisław Leszczyński
798:
491:Casualties and losses
2551:Ett fält färgat rött
2536:Rosen, Carl (1936),
1795:. Members.tripod.com
1028:Coalition casualties
978:peace of Altranstädt
745:The Swedish Invasion
401:Matthias Schulenburg
207:Electorate of Saxony
150:Warsaw Confederation
2682:Invasions of Poland
2677:Invasions by Sweden
2454:: THGC Publishing,
1825:on December 4, 2013
869:A confederation in
701:Augustus the Strong
423:Aleksandr Menshikov
194:Stanisław's faction
2667:Great Northern War
2467:Kuvaja, Christer,
2250:, p. 145–146.
2229:, p. 132–133.
1944:, p. 158–159.
1672:, p. 108-111.
1657:, p. 157-161.
1627:, p. 268−273.
1603:Coalition victory
1427:Coalition victory
1097:Coalition victory
1025:Swedish casualties
1003:invasion of Russia
852:
803:
100:Great Northern War
2640:978-91-518-5107-5
2486:978-91-85873-59-3
2461:978-0-9964557-0-1
1607:
1606:
1022:Coalition numbers
976:and enforced the
800:Battle of Kliszów
782:Holy Roman Empire
774:battle of Kliszów
659:
658:
503:
502:
374:Heinrich Flemming
238:Cossack Hetmanate
229:Tsardom of Russia
165:
164:
86:
85:
78:
2704:
2653:
2647:Unknown (1704),
2643:
2625:
2613:Svenska Slagfält
2600:Svensson, Axel,
2590:
2580:
2555:
2549:Fraustadt 1706.
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2464:
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2099:
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2063:. pp. 4–5.
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2043:
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2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1928:
1927:, p. 59–60.
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1913:
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1901:
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1877:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1821:. Archived from
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1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1771:
1768:
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1756:
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1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1581:Swedish victory
1559:Swedish victory
1537:Swedish victory
1515:Swedish victory
1493:Swedish victory
1471:Swedish victory
1449:Swedish victory
1405:Swedish victory
1383:Swedish victory
1361:Swedish victory
1339:Swedish victory
1317:Swedish victory
1273:Swedish victory
1251:Swedish victory
1229:Swedish victory
1207:Swedish victory
1185:Swedish victory
1163:Swedish victory
1141:Swedish victory
1119:Swedish victory
1075:Swedish victory
1053:Swedish victory
1013:
763:Swedish calendar
711:, archbishop of
668:, also known as
541:
539:
529:
522:
515:
506:
454:
453:
452:
443:
442:
441:
434:Boris Sheremetev
432:
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331:
330:
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320:
308:
299:
298:
288:
287:
277:
276:
266:
265:
255:
254:
236:
227:
226:
218:Poland–Lithuania
216:
215:
214:
205:
203:
202:
192:
191:
190:
181:
180:
122:
121:
110:
90:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
21:Deluge (history)
2712:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2687:1700s in Poland
2657:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2628:
2623:
2610:
2593:Sundberg, Ulf,
2558:
2546:
2535:
2524:
2503:
2492:
2487:
2474:
2462:
2443:
2426:
2416:Fryxell, Anders
2414:
2396:
2376:
2371:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2281:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2076:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1980:Nordberg, Jöran
1978:
1977:
1973:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1856:
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1817:
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1807:
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1786:
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1762:
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1738:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1019:Swedish numbers
1011:
986:
926:
920:
844:
838:
747:
721:Swedish Livonia
698:
662:
661:
660:
655:
542:
537:
535:
533:
482:
471:
450:
448:
447:
439:
437:
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393:
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376:
366:
365:
357:
355:
348:
338:
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327:
325:
324:
315:
303:
293:
292:
290:Magnus Stenbock
282:
281:
271:
270:
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259:
249:
231:
221:
220:
212:
210:
209:
200:
198:
188:
186:
185:
175:
157:
140:
111:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2710:
2708:
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2699:
2694:
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2679:
2674:
2669:
2659:
2658:
2655:
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2644:
2639:
2626:
2621:
2608:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2556:
2544:
2533:
2522:
2505:Phillips, John
2501:
2490:
2485:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2441:
2438:
2433:(in Italian),
2424:
2412:
2394:
2381:(in Swedish),
2374:
2369:
2359:(in Swedish),
2351:Brunner, Ernst
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2326:
2317:
2306:
2295:
2279:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2231:
2219:
2217:, p. 274.
2207:
2205:, p. 142.
2195:
2186:
2176:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2130:
2128:, p. 298.
2115:
2113:, p. 200.
2100:
2090:
2074:
2059:(in Swedish).
2044:
2015:
2003:
1971:
1946:
1929:
1914:
1912:, p. 137.
1902:
1890:
1888:, p. 536.
1878:
1876:, p. 287.
1866:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1805:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1722:
1710:
1708:, p. 218.
1698:
1686:
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1659:
1644:
1629:
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1611:
1608:
1605:
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1460:
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1425:
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1407:
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1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
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1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
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1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
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1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1007:
985:
982:
974:invaded Saxony
922:Main article:
919:
916:
906:. In a forced
837:
834:
811:Greater Poland
778:personal union
746:
743:
725:Swedish Empire
717:Sapieha family
697:
694:
682:Denmark-Norway
678:Russian Empire
657:
656:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
544:
543:
534:
532:
531:
524:
517:
509:
501:
500:
497:
493:
492:
488:
487:
476:
464:
463:
459:
458:
346:
246:
245:
241:
240:
196:
183:Swedish Empire
172:
171:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
153:
152:
146:
142:
141:
136:
134:
130:
129:
126:
118:
117:
114:Battle of Düna
103:
102:
95:
94:
88:
87:
84:
83:
66:September 2013
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2709:
2698:
2695:
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2683:
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2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2622:91-46-20225-0
2618:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
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2545:
2541:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:Defoe, Daniel
2395:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2370:9789100160982
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:, p. 15.
2276:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:Sjöström 2008
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:Sjöström 2008
2223:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:Phillips 1705
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:(in German).
2028:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2013:, p. 15.
2012:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:(in German).
1987:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:Sjöström 2008
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Sjöström 2008
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:Sjöström 2008
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:Nordberg 1740
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1720:, p. 16.
1719:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1696:, p. 44.
1695:
1690:
1687:
1684:, p. 21.
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1642:, p. 69.
1641:
1640:Sjöström 2008
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:14,677–15,277
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:15,000–17,000
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:13,000–20,000
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:Inconclusive
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
983:
981:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
918:War in Saxony
917:
915:
911:
909:
905:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:Lesser Poland
879:
877:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
848:
843:
835:
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
801:
797:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
742:
738:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
695:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
545:
540:
530:
525:
523:
518:
516:
511:
510:
507:
498:
495:
494:
489:
485:
480:
477:
474:
469:
466:
465:
460:
457:
446:
435:
430:
424:
419:
413:
408:
402:
397:
390:
384:
380:
375:
370:
364:
352:
347:
345:
344:Józef Potocki
334:
323:
319:
314:
311:
307:
302:
297:
291:
286:
280:
275:
269:
264:
258:
253:
248:
247:
242:
239:
235:
230:
225:
219:
208:
197:
195:
184:
179:
174:
173:
168:
160:
155:
154:
151:
147:
144:
143:
139:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
119:
115:
109:
104:
101:
96:
91:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2649:
2630:
2612:
2601:
2594:
2568:
2564:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2527:
2509:
2495:
2476:
2468:
2446:
2429:
2419:
2402:
2378:
2355:
2320:
2309:
2298:
2243:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2203:Ullgren 2008
2198:
2189:
2179:
2154:
2145:
2093:
2047:
2025:
2018:
2006:
1984:
1974:
1955:
1949:
1905:
1900:, p. 5.
1898:Unknown 1704
1893:
1881:
1869:
1848:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1797:. Retrieved
1787:
1713:
1706:Brunner 2016
1701:
1694:Carlson 1885
1689:
1677:
1670:Larsson 2009
1655:Fryxell 1861
1000:
987:
971:
959:
927:
912:
880:
868:
853:
827:
804:
771:
748:
739:
699:
673:
669:
665:
663:
483:
478:
472:
467:
322:Duke Charles
310:Frederick IV
170:Belligerents
98:Part of the
72:
63:
44:
2275:Ghelen 1702
1718:Ghelen 1702
1682:Pönitz 1858
1499:Valkininkai
1437:1,000–1,500
1367:Gemauerthof
1352:2,000–2,100
1301:Oderbeltsch
1261:1,500–2,000
1107:2,500–3,000
1081:Darsūniškis
1066:1,000–2,000
955:Gemauerthof
823:quick siege
734:Charles XII
641:Valkininkai
616:Gemauerthof
561:Darsūniškis
486:120,000 men
445:Ivan Mazepa
363:Augustus II
257:Charles XII
156:Territorial
58:introducing
2661:Categories
2571:: 71–104.
2215:Wolke 2003
2011:Faber 1706
1874:Rosen 1936
1799:2015-05-21
1625:Wolke 2003
1610:References
1565:Lachowicze
1323:Tillendorf
1213:Jakobstadt
951:Jakobstadt
943:Petersburg
939:Hummelshof
891:Arvid Horn
729:tsar Peter
696:Background
591:Jakobstadt
481:38,000 men
475:40,000 men
470:24,000 men
456:Ayuka Khan
268:Arvid Horn
41:references
2587:1392-2343
2452:St. Louis
2391:881561260
2383:Stockholm
2361:Stockholm
2069:660060850
2061:Stockholm
1998:162299514
1966:186788895
1957:anförande
1829:April 21,
1477:Fraustadt
984:Aftermath
786:Louis XIV
636:Fraustadt
576:Saločiai
128:1701–1706
2519:79556490
2507:(1705),
2418:(1861),
2400:(1720),
2353:(2016),
2055:(1705).
2039:61907196
2031:Nürnberg
1521:Nyasvizh
1147:Saločiai
1059:Tryškiai
935:Erastfer
705:primates
688:and the
556:Tryškiai
484:In 1705:
479:In 1701:
473:In 1705:
468:In 1701:
462:Strength
133:Location
2410:: H. P.
2344:Sources
2098:197–202
1990:Hamburg
1575:Unknown
1424:Unknown
1421:Unknown
1345:Palanga
1333:Unknown
1311:Unknown
1305:Unknown
1270:580–590
1257:Lemberg
1169:Pułtusk
1125:Kliszów
1103:Vilnius
1094:Unknown
1031:Result
1009:Battles
967:Wschowa
904:Silesia
856:voivode
830:Prussia
819:Pułtusk
713:Gniezno
672:or the
611:Palanga
601:Lemberg
581:Pułtusk
571:Kliszów
566:Vilnius
412:Peter I
385: (
158:changes
54:improve
2637:
2619:
2585:
2517:
2483:
2458:
2435:Vienna
2408:Sweden
2389:
2367:
2067:
2037:
1996:
1964:
1594:30,000
1591:14,000
1587:Kalisz
1543:Kletsk
1484:20,000
1462:41,000
1459:34,000
1455:Grodno
1418:10,000
1389:Warsaw
1279:Poniec
1235:Poznań
1220:15,000
1195:26,000
1132:23,800
1129:12,000
1044:13,000
1016:Battle
908:battle
900:Poniec
895:Kraków
871:Warsaw
860:Poznań
807:Kraków
759:Moscow
686:Saxony
651:Kalisz
646:Kletsk
631:Grodno
621:Warsaw
606:Poniec
596:Poznań
204:
145:Result
43:, but
1600:3,000
1597:4,900
1578:1,361
1572:1,400
1569:1,950
1556:4,070
1550:4,700
1547:1,500
1528:1,125
1506:4,600
1503:1,000
1487:1,400
1481:9,400
1465:3,000
1440:5,000
1433:Praga
1411:Mitau
1402:1,000
1396:9,500
1393:2,000
1380:5,000
1377:1,900
1371:7,000
1327:1,500
1314:1,200
1308:1,200
1286:4,100
1283:5,200
1267:30–40
1248:1,000
1242:6,200
1239:2,700
1226:2,817
1217:5,500
1204:5,860
1198:6,000
1191:Toruń
1182:1,200
1176:3,500
1173:3,000
1160:1,500
1154:6,000
1151:1,100
1138:4,400
1135:1,100
1110:3,000
1088:6,000
1050:2,000
1041:7,000
755:Pskov
751:Narva
626:Praga
586:Thorn
2635:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2583:ISSN
2515:OCLC
2481:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2387:OCLC
2365:ISBN
2065:OCLC
2035:OCLC
1994:OCLC
1962:OCLC
1831:2012
1037:Düna
953:and
937:and
887:Lwów
854:The
767:Riga
757:and
664:The
551:Düna
125:Date
112:The
2573:doi
2337:228
2184:216
1534:700
1525:500
1512:290
1446:250
1443:200
1415:900
1399:292
1358:350
1349:387
1336:519
1330:600
1292:500
1289:230
1264:600
1245:300
1223:224
1157:167
1116:100
1091:145
1085:240
1072:140
1063:900
1047:500
858:of
388:POW
2663::
2581:.
2569:14
2567:.
2563:.
2450:,
2406:,
2329:^
2282:^
2267:^
2255:^
2163:^
2133:^
2118:^
2103:^
2077:^
1932:^
1917:^
1857:^
1808:^
1775:^
1763:^
1751:^
1739:^
1725:^
1662:^
1647:^
1632:^
1617:^
1553:31
1531:50
1509:60
1355:60
1201:50
1179:58
1113:50
1069:28
1005:.
957:.
862:,
825:.
684:,
680:,
391:)
2589:.
2575::
2071:.
2041:.
2000:.
1968:.
1833:.
1802:.
528:e
521:t
514:v
313:†
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
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