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issues regarding the protection of the defense. Saddam, along with his co-defendants, railed against Chief Judge Amin and the tribunal. The next day, after listening to hours of testimony against him, he lashed out at the judge. He said that he was exhausted, he did not intend on returning to the trial, and to "go to hell". Later, on 7 December 2005, Saddam refused to enter court, complaining of the conditions in which he was being held and the conduct of the trial. Saddam's complaints included, among other things, that he had not been able to change his clothes for four days. On 12 December 2005, instead of cross-examining witnesses, Saddam accused his
American captors of torturing him, saying, "I have been beaten on every place of my body, and the signs are all over my body."
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42:
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constitutional right as the president of Iraq", Saddam declared. He added, "Neither do I recognize the body that has designated and authorized you, nor the aggression because all that has been built on false basis is false." When the judge asked for his name, Saddam refused, stating "I am the president of Iraq". He returned the question, asking
Kurdish judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin, "Who are you? I want to know who you are." When Amin addressed Saddam as "the former president", Saddam objected emphatically, saying he was still the President of Iraq and had not been deposed.
590:
1108:
undermined the independence and impartiality of the court." The specific concerns raised by
Amnesty International included the status of the trial as a "Special Trial" (unconstitutional according to the Iraqi Constitution), political interference in trial proceedings by the removal of a judge mid-trial, exclusion of members of the defense team at points in the trial, assassination of multiple members of the defense team, and the closure of the trial before the defense team had completed presenting its legal case.
2791:
717:
773:
738:
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988:
1069:" believe that together with the Pinochet, Taylor, and other recent cases, this case sends an unequivocally clear and resounding message to dictators and perpetrators of serious crimes under international and national laws. hope that this loud message will not escape the ears of tyrants like President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and all those who serve under him in the commission of torture and other crimes against humanity."
1181:
917:
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610:, mandated by the Iraqi judicial system, followed. There was speculation that the appeals could last years, postponing his actual execution. However, on 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence was given. No further appeals were possible and Saddam had to be executed within 30 days of that date. The decision still had to be ratified by the Iraqi President but could not be commuted. Judge
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Iraq." Howard said he was opposed to the death penalty, but could not govern what another country did. Howard stated that the death penalty is not the issue of significance. "The real issue is that he was tried in an open, transparent fashion and one of the great marks of democratic society is due process and the rule of law and this mass murderer was given due process."
893:
849:
624:, who issued death sentences to Dujail residents as head of a Revolutionary Court, were also sentenced to death by hanging. They were executed on 15 January 2007. Former Iraqi vice-president Taha Yassin Ramadan was sentenced to life in prison. However, on 12 February 2007, the sentence was changed to death by hanging, and Ramadan was executed on 20 March 2007.
257:. He emphatically rejected charges against him. "This is all theater. The real criminal is Bush", he stated. When asked by the judge to identify himself in his first appearance before an Iraqi judge (three of the five judges and the prosecutor were never identified nor photographed for security reasons), he answered, "You are an Iraqi, you know who I am."
1140:
The vengeful and sectarian way in which
Hussein was killed deepened the civil war that had been raging inside Iraq since early 2006—Sunni violence against Shiites, followed by Shiite reprisals. And if there wasn’t a deep-rooted Sunni-Shiite rift in the region before Hussein’s hanging, there certainly
909:
said "While not wishing to play down the crimes... I cannot but express the firm opposition of the
Italian government - as well as mine - to a death sentence. As I reiterated again today (27 December 2006) at the cabinet meeting, Italy is opposed to capital punishment, always and in all cases. It is
704:
said the sentence may "help alleviate the pain of the widows and the orphans, and those who have been ordered to bury their loved ones in secrecy, and those who have been forced to suppress their feelings and suffering, and those who have paid at the hands of torturers" under Saddam's regime. First
597:
On 5 November 2006, Saddam
Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging for the killing of 148 Shiites from Dujail, in retaliation for the assassination attempt of 8 July 1982. When the judge announced the verdict, Saddam shouted, "Long live the people. Long live the Arab nation. Down with the spies.
553:
There were several incidents during the trial where Saddam showed defiance against the court's authority. At one point, Saddam's legal defense team stormed out of the court after questioning the tribunal's legitimacy, and asking about the return of defense papers seized by U.S. troops and security
426:
Saddam's defense repeatedly argued for a delay in the proceedings, insisting that it had not been given evidence secured by the prosecution, had not been given sufficient time to review any prosecution documents, but these submissions received no response from the court. International human rights
1107:
criticized the death sentence and said the trial was "deeply flawed and unfair." The process was marred by "serious flaws that call into question the capacity of the tribunal," Malcolm Stuart, director of
Amnesty's Middle East and North Africa program, said. "In particular, political interference
1150:
Sunnis framed the hasty execution as an act of sectarian vengeance, shrouded in political theater and overseen by the
American occupation. In several Arab capitals, Sunni protesters railed against the United States, Israel, and "Persians"—a code word for Shiites. Sunnis across the region saw the
1004:
said the trial showed "absolute proof" that the judiciary in Iraq are independent. President George W. Bush in a statement said, "Saddam
Hussein's trial is a milestone in the Iraqi people's efforts to replace the rule of a tyrant with the rule of law", and "today, the victims of this regime have
730:
said, "They could've easily allowed him to be arbitrarily executed as has happened in so many other countries, yet no, he could've been shot ... or something like that, but no, they were determined to have a transparent trial; they were determined to demonstrate to the world that there was a new
1099:
reported that "Americans have drafted most of the statutes under which
Hussein and his associates are being tried". It also reported that "A US official in Baghdad confirmed last weekend that only the United States and Britain had contributed experts to advise the court on how to prosecute
517:
As in his pre-trial appearance, at the opening of the 19 October trial, Saddam appeared defiant. He rejected the tribunal's legitimacy and independence from the control of the foreign occupation. "I do not respond to this so-called court, with all due respect to its people, and I retain my
1141:
was one after. In the days following his execution, Hussein emerged as a Sunni Arab hero who stood calm and defiant as his Shiite executioners tormented him. No one will ever forget the way in which Saddam was executed", then–Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak told the Israeli newspaper
470:. After the charges were read to them, all eight defendants pleaded not guilty. While initially open to the public, the trial was closed to them on 15 March 2006, after Saddam began making political statements on the stand and an argument began between him and the presiding judge.
1078:
Critics, including Saddam's legal counsel Khalil al-Dulaimi, alleged that U.S. officials had a heavy influence on the court. In a statement, Khalil said, "this court is a creature of the US military occupation, and the Iraqi court is just a tool and rubber stamp of the invaders."
865:
reacted guardedly to the death sentence, saying such verdicts should not appear to be "victor's justice" and should be acceptable to the people of Iraq and the international community. In a statement, he said "such life and death decisions require credible due process of law."
173:
The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the
228:
of pushing for a hasty show trial and execution, stating: "Show trials followed by speedy executions may help the interim government politically in the short term but will be counterproductive for the development of democracy and the rule of law in Iraq in the long term."
933:
stated that the guilty verdict was appropriate but that she has "a long-standing objection to the death penalty and that will always be a concern to me." She declined to make a comment on whether the trial was fair, saying it was hard to determine from so far away.
521:
The first session of Saddam's trial lasted three hours. The court adjourned the case until 28 November 2005, as some of the witnesses were too frightened to attend, and to allow the defense more time to study evidence. During an interview with the Arab news agency
557:
On 29 January 2006, the trial was thrown in disarray after a courtroom session in which Saddam's half-brother Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was dragged away by guards, the defense team walked out, and Saddam was ejected following a slanging match with chief judge
193:. On 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out.
1119:
retorted, "Saddam Hussein is being tried as a war criminal even as we speak. But what about those who helped to install him in power, who armed him, who supported him—and who are now setting up a tribunal to try him and absolve themselves completely?"
813:
warned against the death penalty for Saddam, stating that "Carrying out this verdict will explode violence like waterfalls in Iraq," and that "the verdict will transform into blood pools and lead to a deepening of the sectarian and ethnic conflicts."
653:
Saddam was executed by hanging after being convicted of crimes against humanity following his trial and conviction for the illegal killings of 148 Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982. He was hanged on the first day of an important Islamic holiday,
2652:
410:
On 18 July 2005, Saddam was charged by the Special Tribunal with the first of an expected series of charges, relating to the mass killings of the inhabitants of the village of Dujail in 1982 after a failed assassination attempt against him.
1091:. The verdict was expected to be on 16 October 2006, but was postponed to consider recalling some of the witnesses. Even as the verdict was released verbally on 5 November, the written, the final verdict was not released until days later.
1029:, opposed the death sentence for Saddam, saying, "For me, punishing a crime with another crime – which is what killing for vindication is – would mean that we are still at the point of demanding an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth."
789:
said "my understanding is there is an appeal process to follow, so given that fact, I think it would be pre-emptive to be passing any judgments or making any firm public declarations until all of those avenues have been exhausted."
371:, quoting an unnamed senior UK government source, had reported two weeks before that Iraqi insurgents were being offered a "deal" whereby the President of Iraq would receive a more lenient sentence if they gave up their attacks.
1082:
Khalil al-Dulaimi and various international commentators alleged that the date on which the verdict was read live to the world, 5 November 2006, was deliberately selected by the Bush administration in order to influence the
569:
called for the death penalty for Saddam and four other defendants including Barzan al-Tikriti, Saddam's half-brother, Taha Yassin Ramadan, former Iraqi Vice President and Awad Hamed al-Bander, former chief judge of Saddam's
422:
said that he had directly extracted confessions from Saddam that he had ordered mass killings and other "crimes" during his regime and that "he deserved to die." Two days later, Saddam's lawyer denied that he confessed.
709:
said "we expected the maximum penalty against the criminal Saddam Hussein and his henchmen because they committed horrible crimes against the Iraqi people, the Arabs, Kurds, Muslims and the entire Western community."
614:, one of the nine appeal judges, said, "It cannot exceed 30 days. As from tomorrow the sentence could be carried out at any time. The appeals court has issued its verdict. What we have decided today is compulsory."
530:
branded the court a "farce" and claimed that her father behaved like a "lion" during the proceedings. "He would be a lion even when caged. Every honest person who knows Saddam knows that he is firm and powerful."
1884:
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after a failed assassination attempt against Saddam on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of Iraq.
1558:
581:, Saddam began a hunger strike, protesting against the lack of international protection for lawyers. On 23 June 2006, it was reported that Saddam ended his hunger strike, having missed one meal.
538:, charged with the defense of Awad Hamed al-Bandar, was abducted from his office by gunmen on 20 October 2005, and found shot dead near his office a few hours later. On 8 November 2005, attorney
2717:
954:
made a cautious statement, saying he doubted the death penalty would be carried out. He said, "this is more of a moral ruling, revenge that modern Iraq is taking on the Saddam Hussein regime."
602:." Chief defense lawyer Khalil al-Dulaimi later quoted a statement from Saddam given just before the Court issued its verdict. He said that Saddam urged his countrymen to "unify in the face of
365:, "known only to a few Iraqi officials in Jordan", Saddam refused an offer of release if he made a televised request to armed groups for a ceasefire with allied forces. The British newspaper
762:
told the press that "justice has been done", although a spokesman for the Prime Minister later said that Verhofstadt felt that it would have been better to have tried Saddam Hussein at the
2514:
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2124:
237:
The 67-year-old former president, Saddam Hussein, appeared confident and defiant throughout the 46-minute hearing. Alternating between listening to and gesturing at the judge
834:
support whoever supports our people, and president Saddam Hussein was one of those," that "there was not a fair trial and those who judged him were those who participated in
146:
389:
1046:
1971:
1926:
534:
The trial was adjourned on 28 November 2005 by Chief Judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin to allow time to find replacement lawyers for several of the defendants; Attorney
700:
said in a statement, "I think this trial was fair", and "I must respect the independence of the Iraqi judiciary. Until the end I must be silent." Prime Minister
2778:
1570:
1417:
1255:
1787:
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said "Ireland and its EU partners have made it clear in the past to Iraqi authorities that we are opposed to courts applying the death sentence."
639:
were sentenced to 15 years in prison. Mohammed Azawi Ali, also a Ba'ath Party official in Dujail region, was acquitted due to a lack of evidence.
440:
1154:
And in death, a new narrative emerged about the Iraqi dictator: that he had blocked Iranian dominance of the region, and had stood up to Israel.
620:
Among Saddam's co-defendants, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, his half-brother and Iraq's intelligence chief at the time of the Dujail killings, and
883:
446:
declined to support the proceeding, expressing similar concerns over fairness as well as over the possibility of a death sentence in the case.
322:). Towards the end of the first hearing, the deposed president refused to sign the legal document confirming his understanding of the charges.
2746:
2205:
1908:
1694:
2157:
1229:
835:
2610:
418:, the only Iraq-based member, as the sole legal counsel. In an interview broadcast on Iraqi television on 6 September 2005, Iraqi president
1062:
978:
859:
783:
606:". Al-Dulaimi added that Saddam's message to the people was to "pardon and do not take revenge on the invading nations, its civilians". An
455:
432:
2856:
2128:
839:
2047:
359:
454:
Iraqi authorities put Saddam and seven other former Iraqi officials on trial on 19 October 2005, four days after the 15 October 2005
2495:
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2109:
2741:
179:
1440:
272:'s information minister Abul-Hassan said crude language was "expected" of Saddam. "This is how he was raised", said the minister.
3011:
1710:
2763:
1610:
349:
prepared a 50-page brief for the defense team arguing that Saddam Hussein should be tried in the U.S. under U.S. criminal law.
115:
111:
617:
On 30 December 2006 at approximately 6:05 AM Baghdad time, Saddam's sentence was carried out and he was executed by hanging.
407:, with a main objective of ensuring fair trials for Saddam and the other former Ba'ath Party officials being tried with him.
382:
335:
414:
On 8 August 2005, Saddam's family announced that they had dissolved the Jordan-based legal team and that they had appointed
224:, the former head of the Iraq Special Tribunal (which was established to try Hussein), accused interim Iraqi Prime Minister
2552:
1978:
1483:
1337:
927:
466:, in retaliation for the failed assassination attempt of 8 July 1982. Supporters of Saddam protested against the trial in
41:
2672:
2642:
2533:
2179:
1281:
1084:
763:
404:
593:
Saddam Hussein at his appearance before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 1 July 2004; he went on trial on 19 October 2005.
2773:
1199:
998:
648:
264:
and referred to Kuwaitis as "dogs" who were trying to turn the women of Iraq into "two-penny whores", which led to an
194:
75:
2647:
2377:
439:
stated that the Iraqi Special Tribunal and its legal process did not meet international standards for a fair trial.
182:). A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the
2799:
2790:
2707:
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659:
375:
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1414:
1151:
United States and the Shiite-dominated Iraqi government as killing off the last vestiges of Arab nationalism. ...
2889:
2885:
2758:
1566:
756:
559:
477:
134:
2447:
589:
571:
2643:
Bombings kill over 60 people, mostly Shiites, 3 American soldiers, revenge for Saddam's death, 30 December 2006
1811:
261:
100:
562:, who had replaced former chief judge Rizgar Amin, who resigned after complaining of government interference.
547:
543:
2991:
2665:
1816:
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903:
535:
123:
104:
2426:
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3016:
2452:
1449:
1112:
242:
55:
977:
said "it is right that those accused of such crimes against the Iraqi people should face Iraqi justice."
331:
149:
officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the
3036:
3031:
2281:"Russia warns Saddam hanging would divide Iraq - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis"
1544:
1194:
1104:
981:
Tony Blair stated that he is "against the death penalty, whether it is Saddam Hussein or anybody else."
632:
628:
566:
501:
495:
209:
205:
2973:
1364:"Iraq: Amnesty International condemns Iraqi Appeal Court verdict against Saddam Hussein and co-accused"
118:(IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam and his aides for charges of
287:
3026:
3021:
2815:
2808:
2734:
621:
489:
459:
397:
346:
238:
330:
In a leaked transcript of a February 2003 meeting between George W. Bush and Spanish Prime Minister
307:
2197:
1889:
1691:
1209:
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951:
878:
751:
believed that carrying out the death penalty on a 69-year-old would be "unethical", as reported by
663:
483:
367:
315:
2149:
611:
216:
judged that Saddam's execution "follows a flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the
2952:
2702:
1931:
807:
603:
213:
175:
2866:
2712:
1528:
1491:
154:
1905:
1539:
2905:
2899:
2851:
2145:
1504:
1425:
1314:
971:
706:
415:
93:
2362:
2935:
2822:
2617:
2515:"Hussein Trial Was Flawed but Reasonably Fair, and Verdict was Justified, Legal Experts Say"
1957:
1462:
1088:
1058:
974:
862:
578:
378:
354:
74:
Saddam Hussein found guilty of crimes against humanity and subsequently sentenced to death;
2247:
2051:
1393:
2959:
2427:"FRONTLINE/WORLD . Iraq - Saddam's Road to Hell - A journey into the killing fields . PBS"
1912:
1698:
1487:
1444:
1421:
1363:
1256:"THE CAPTURE OF HUSSEIN: LEGAL PROCESS; Iraqis Just Recently Set Rules to Govern Tribunal"
1143:
759:
701:
539:
463:
400:
362:
299:
2611:
Saddam's final message/letter to the world - on his Ba'ath party's website 2 January 2007
2391:
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2925:
2881:
2829:
2724:
2688:
1437:
1026:
966:
748:
697:
527:
428:
419:
291:
250:
183:
96:
2404:
1309:
3005:
2915:
2895:
2591:
2340:
2080:
2021:
2007:
1857:
1829:
1740:
1718:
1664:
1636:
1129:
1116:
1054:
1053:
welcomed Saddam's death sentence, and hoped it sent a message to Zimbabwe's dictator
993:
810:
636:
507:
303:
280:
221:
46:
Saddam Hussein sitting before an Iraqi judge at a courthouse in Baghdad (1 July 2004)
2280:
2228:
17:
2929:
2921:
2911:
2150:"American Political Shift Linked to the War Is Met With a Shrug by Baghdad's Elite"
1467:
1133:
1050:
1017:
906:
831:
786:
393:
385:
138:
2298:
2835:
2570:
2556:
1180:
1172:
930:
922:
727:
655:
319:
225:
217:
197:
by hanging on 30 December 2006. With his death, all other charges were dropped.
1977:. Case western University/Iraqi High Tribunal. 26 December 2006. Archived from
1480:
1341:
574:. The suspects faced execution by hanging if convicted and sentenced to death.
2966:
2553:"Iraq: Amnesty International deplores death sentences in Saddam Hussein trial"
1204:
1186:
1162:
523:
443:
265:
201:
158:
403:
announced the formation, under their joint chairmanship, of an international
2622:
1001:
722:
667:
339:
162:
119:
830:: A spokesman for Hamas condemned Saddam's sentencing, stating that "We as
1953:
910:
a general principle that I reiterated firmly also at the United Nations."
2729:
2303:
2085:
1862:
1834:
1768:
1745:
1669:
1641:
1041:
1022:
246:
127:
1812:
A defiant Saddam pleads innocent, scuffles with guards in stormy hearing
1005:
received a measure of the justice which many thought would never come."
2632:
2457:
1901:
743:
190:
142:
1769:"MSN - Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos"
946:
778:
607:
599:
467:
311:
284:
276:
269:
166:
2623:
Many Children hang themselves in imitation of Saddam Hussein's death
1596:
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from the judge for using coarse language in court. Later on 1 July,
542:, who had been representing Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan and
898:
854:
826:
802:
588:
546:, was killed by three gunmen in Baghdad. Barazan Ibrahim's lawyer
295:
150:
89:
2657:
427:
groups, including Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and
692:
658:, 30 December 2006, at approximately 06:05 AM local time (03:05
260:
Also during the arraignment, Saddam defended Iraq's August 1990
2661:
838:
and crimes in Palestine," and that "the trial took place under
279:
for Saddam were present at the 1 July hearing, his first wife,
1230:"Iraqi Governing Council Sets Up Its Own Court for War Crimes"
137:
on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by U.S. forces at
526:
following the opening of the trial, Saddam's eldest daughter
462:. The tribunal specifically charged the defendants with the
2648:
Shiite professor dies in Iraq, Diya al-Meqoter, one of many
504:, (son of Abdullah Kadhem), Al-Dujail Ba'ath Party official
334:, Bush expressed a willingness to have Saddam tried at the
283:, hired a multinational legal team of attorneys, headed by
2534:"Hussein Trial Halts Again, Setting Off Wave of Criticism"
1132:
wrote in 2014 that Hussein's trial and execution deepened
1111:
In the opening statement of the Jury of Conscience of the
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
577:
Following the assassination of his chief defense lawyer,
249:
set up to try him. He called the court a "play" aimed at
2618:
World Rights Group critice Saddam Hussein's flawed trial
2048:"Former Saddam aide buried after hanging - Yahoo! News"
2263:"Clark backs Saddam verdict but opposes death penalty"
1611:"Give Saddam fair trial, says former Malaysian leader"
1087:
which occurred two days later. This has been called a
358:
reported in early May 2005 that during a meeting with
220:
in Iraq." Several months before the trial took place,
186:
military campaign against the Kurds in northern Iraq.
2392:"Vatican, Catholic officials say 'don't hang Saddam'"
2378:"President's Statement on the Saddam Hussein Verdict"
1505:"Defiant Saddam rejects court, charges - Jul 1, 2004"
189:
On 5 November 2006, Saddam was sentenced to death by
1788:"US troops 'drugged my father to stop him fighting'"
1599:
on 17 December 2008 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
1282:"As Genocide Trial Begins, Hussein Is Again Defiant"
1100:
governments for war crimes and other such matters".
2944:
2865:
2844:
2798:
2695:
2442:
2440:
2180:"Mubarak warns Saddam verdict will bring bloodshed"
627:Former Ba'ath Party officials in the Dujail region
513:
Mohammed Azawi Ali, Al-Dujail Ba'ath Party official
480:, his half-brother and former chief of intelligence
70:
62:
51:
34:
1906:"Saddam ends hunger strike after missing one meal"
2496:"Hussein judges delay verdict - The Boston Globe"
204:that did not meet international standards on the
2140:
2138:
180:human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein
1954:"Saddam urges Iraqis not to take revenge on US"
1304:
1302:
1138:
352:The London-based Arab-language daily newspaper
27:2005–2006 trial by the Iraqi Interim Government
2125:"Tories' MacKay circumspect on Saddam verdict"
705:Deputy Speaker of the Iraqi National Assembly
2673:
2638:Grotian Moment: The Saddam Hussein Trial Blog
1692:Demonstrations, statements, supporting Saddam
8:
1711:"Judge Closes Trial During Saddam Testimony"
2001:
1999:
2680:
2666:
2658:
1786:de Quetteville, Harry (17 December 2003).
1559:"Saddam rejects Rumsfeld offer of release"
161:in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down
40:
31:
2653:Daoud al-Qaissi, Saddam's singer executed
2551:Amnesty International (5 November 2006).
2361:Agence France-Presse (6 November 2006).
2248:"In quotes: Reaction to Saddam sentence"
2229:"Saddam verdict: India reacts guardedly"
1025:Council for Justice and Peace, Cardinal
670:, a neighborhood of north-east Baghdad.
212:stated that the trial was "unfair," and
2448:"Saddam verdict date 'rigged' for Bush"
2327:"Britain welcomes Saddam death verdict"
1220:
1147:. "They turned him into a martyr". ...
2363:"Verdict shows Iraq progress, says US"
1927:"Saddam Hussein Is Sentenced to Death"
1741:"Excerpts: Saddam's courtroom clashes"
1061:of Chile and former Liberian dictator
2633:Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST) homepage
2081:"Saddam sentence: Reaction in quotes"
1463:"You are an Iraqi. You know who I am"
662:). The execution was carried out at "
7:
2532:Ellen Knickmeyer (25 January 2006).
2208:from the original on 24 January 2021
2110:"Saddam trial 'heroic', says Howard"
433:Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
2494:Associated Press (4 October 2006).
2341:"PM 'opposes' Saddam death penalty"
2022:"Top Saddam aide sentenced to hang"
1858:"Iraq court names new Saddam judge"
1540:Saddam bids to challenge case in US
1394:"Iraq PM 'seeks Saddam show trial'"
1254:Lewis, Neil A. (15 December 2003).
950:: Foreign affairs committee member
836:the affair of the Abu Ghraib prison
633:Mizher Abdullah Roweed Al-Musheikhi
629:Abdullah Kadhem Roweed Al-Musheikhi
502:Mizher Abdullah Roweed Al-Musheikhi
496:Abdullah Kadhem Roweed Al-Musheikhi
2479:Bazzi, Mohamad (3 November 2006).
2376:George W. Bush (5 November 2006).
2123:Canadian Press (5 November 2006).
2008:"Saddam trial: Verdicts in detail"
1830:"'Americans tortured me' - Saddam"
1637:"Saddam family slims defence team"
1383:, Human Rights Watch (30-12-2006).
1310:"Death sentence for Saddam upheld"
464:killing of 148 Shiites from Dujail
437:High Commissioner for Human Rights
66:19 October 2005 – 21 December 2006
25:
2877:Mother: Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat
2747:Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory
2513:Julia Preston (6 November 2006).
2299:"Government hails Saddam verdict"
1972:"Translation of Appellate ruling"
1665:"Lawyer denies Saddam confession"
1381:Iraq: Saddam Hussein Put to Death
1280:Paley, Amit R. (22 August 2006).
1228:Sachs, Susan (10 December 2003).
510:, Al-Dujail Ba'ath Party official
498:, Al-Dujail Ba'ath party official
336:International Tribunal of Justice
2987:
2986:
2789:
2573:The Most Cowardly War in History
2380:. Office of the Press Secretary.
1925:Semple, Kirk (5 November 2006).
1885:Saddam prosecution begins sum up
1179:
1165:
1034:
1010:
986:
959:
939:
915:
891:
871:
847:
819:
795:
771:
736:
715:
685:
550:was also wounded in the attack.
450:Al-Dujail trial: 19 October 2005
441:United Nations Secretary-General
130:dating back to the early 1980s.
2481:"Saddam verdict to come Sunday"
2160:from the original on 1 May 2018
1717:. 15 March 2006. Archived from
1595:. 15 March 2016. Archived from
1057:, as well as deposed dictators
492:Al-Sa'dun, a former chief judge
112:Coalition Provisional Authority
2874:Father: Hussein 'Abid al-Majid
200:Critics viewed the trial as a
1:
1396:. BBC News. 23 September 2004
473:Saddam's co-defendants were:
2339:BBC News (6 November 2006).
1481:Saddam upsets Kuwaiti 'dogs'
1124:Legacy and long-term effects
764:International Criminal Court
405:Emergency Committee for Iraq
2108:The Age (6 November 2006).
1200:Execution of Saddam Hussein
999:White House Press Secretary
840:American occupation of Iraq
747:: Belgian Foreign Minister
649:Execution of Saddam Hussein
536:Saadoun Sughaiyer al-Janabi
390:Minister of Foreign Affairs
145:, along with eleven senior
135:was captured by U.S. forces
107:during his time in office.
3053:
1529:Wikisource:Bush-Aznar memo
1438:"Know Nothing, Do Nothing"
1103:Human rights organization
646:
255:U.S. presidential election
253:'s chances of winning the
233:First hearing: 1 July 2004
2983:
2904:Uncle and Father-in-Law:
2787:
2407:. zimbabwejournalists.com
2198:"Hamas condemns sentence"
1915:. Published 23 June 2006.
1415:"Saddam defiant in court"
882:: A spokesperson for the
860:External Affairs Minister
666:," an Iraqi Army base in
560:Rauf Rashid Abd al-Rahman
478:Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti
39:
2261:NZPA (6 November 2006).
2246:BBC (27 December 2006).
884:Foreign Affairs Minister
784:Foreign Affairs Minister
679:Reactions to the verdict
585:Verdict: 5 November 2006
548:Thamer Hamoud al-Khuzaie
376:Malaysian prime minister
374:On 17 June 2005, former
153:in the north during the
101:Iraqi Interim Government
3012:Trial of Saddam Hussein
2992:Category:Saddam Hussein
2708:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
2227:PTI (5 November 2006).
2006:BBC (5 November 2006).
1817:San Diego Union-Tribune
1697:14 January 2006 at the
1027:Renato Raffaele Martino
544:Abdullah Kazim Ruwayyid
486:, former Vice-President
124:crimes against humanity
105:crimes against humanity
86:trial of Saddam Hussein
35:Trial of Saddam Hussein
2579:baltimorechronicle.com
2453:The New Zealand Herald
2267:The New Zealand Herald
1450:The American Spectator
1443:22 August 2006 at the
1156:
1113:World Tribunal on Iraq
1085:U.S. midterm elections
832:the Palestinian people
594:
116:Iraqi Special Tribunal
56:Iraqi Special Tribunal
1563:thepeninsulaqatar.com
1486:8 August 2004 at the
1195:2003 invasion of Iraq
1105:Amnesty International
1047:Zimbabwe Exiles Forum
592:
383:U.S. Attorney General
210:Amnesty International
206:right to a fair trial
2816:The Fortified Castle
2809:Zabibah and the King
2148:(10 November 2006).
1344:on 30 September 2007
1338:"|| World"
622:Awad Hamed al-Bandar
490:Awad Hamed al-Bandar
398:President of Algeria
360:Secretary of Defense
347:Clive Stafford Smith
241:, he questioned the
239:Rizgar Mohammed Amin
114:voted to create the
18:Saddam Hussein trial
2742:Human rights record
2628:Saddam's last hours
2559:on 6 November 2006.
2538:The Washington Post
2204:. 5 November 2006.
1911:15 May 2008 at the
1890:The Daily Telegraph
1573:on 11 November 2005
1548:, 19 December 2004)
1492:Mail & Guardian
1420:3 June 2006 at the
1286:The Washington Post
1096:The Washington Post
952:Konstantin Kosachev
572:Revolutionary Court
484:Taha Yassin Ramadan
431:bodies such as the
368:The Daily Telegraph
195:Saddam was executed
78:on 30 December 2006
2974:The Devil's Double
2953:Al-ayyam al-tawila
2703:17 July Revolution
2598:(15 January 2016).
2519:The New York Times
2287:. 5 November 2006.
2186:. 9 November 2006.
2184:The Jerusalem Post
2154:The New York Times
2146:Tavernise, Sabrina
2028:. 12 February 2007
1960:. 5 November 2006.
1932:The New York Times
1838:. 21 December 2005
1721:on 2 February 2011
1673:. 8 September 2005
1471:, 20 October 2005.
1453:, 11 October 2005.
1318:. 26 December 2006
1260:The New York Times
1234:The New York Times
1115:, keynote speaker
1021:: The head of the
595:
567:Jaafar al-Moussawi
460:Iraqi constitution
345:In December 2004,
262:invasion of Kuwait
214:Human Rights Watch
176:Islamic Dawa Party
2999:
2998:
2906:Khairallah Talfah
2900:Samira Shahbandar
2460:. 5 November 2006
2405:"ZEF's Statement"
2307:. 5 November 2006
2131:on 14 March 2007.
2089:. 5 November 2006
1866:. 23 January 2006
1749:. 5 November 2006
1315:BBC World Service
1089:November Surprise
972:Foreign Secretary
726:: Prime Minister
707:Khaled al-Attiyah
565:Chief Prosecutor
416:Khalil al-Duleimi
94:President of Iraq
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
3044:
2990:
2989:
2936:Mustapha Hussein
2857:Alleged shredder
2823:Men and the City
2793:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2599:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2555:. Archived from
2548:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:The Boston Globe
2491:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2401:
2395:
2394:5 November 2006.
2388:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2329:5 November 2006.
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2127:. Archived from
2120:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2054:on 22 March 2007
2050:. Archived from
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1958:Associated Press
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1922:
1916:
1899:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1826:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1707:
1701:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1569:. Archived from
1555:
1549:
1545:The Sunday Times
1537:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1501:
1495:
1478:
1472:
1460:
1454:
1435:
1429:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1340:. Archived from
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1225:
1210:Victor's justice
1189:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1059:Augusto Pinochet
1040:
1038:
1037:
1016:
1014:
1013:
992:
990:
989:
975:Margaret Beckett
965:
963:
962:
945:
943:
942:
921:
919:
918:
897:
895:
894:
877:
875:
874:
863:Pranab Mukherjee
853:
851:
850:
825:
823:
822:
801:
799:
798:
777:
775:
774:
742:
740:
739:
721:
719:
718:
691:
689:
688:
604:sectarian strife
579:Khamis al-Obeidi
379:Mahathir Mohamad
355:Al-Quds Al-Arabi
326:Pre-trial events
288:Mohammad Rashdan
44:
32:
21:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2979:
2960:House of Saddam
2940:
2934:Grandchildren:
2880:Half-brothers:
2861:
2840:
2794:
2785:
2691:
2686:
2607:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2365:. News Limited.
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1984:on 10 June 2010
1981:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1913:Wayback Machine
1900:
1896:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:Wayback Machine
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1645:. 8 August 2005
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:Wayback Machine
1479:
1475:
1461:
1457:
1445:Wayback Machine
1436:
1432:
1424:, 2 July 2004,
1422:Wayback Machine
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1368:www.amnesty.org
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1144:Yediot Aharonot
1126:
1076:
1035:
1033:
1011:
1009:
987:
985:
960:
958:
940:
938:
916:
914:
892:
890:
872:
870:
848:
846:
820:
818:
796:
794:
772:
770:
760:Guy Verhofstadt
753:flandersnews.be
737:
735:
716:
714:
702:Nouri al-Maliki
686:
684:
681:
676:
651:
645:
587:
540:Adel al-Zubeidi
452:
401:Ahmed Ben Bella
363:Donald Rumsfeld
328:
300:Curtis Doebbler
235:
92:of the deposed
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
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2970:
2963:
2956:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2918:
2908:
2902:
2892:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2852:Killing babies
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2830:Begone, Demons
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2735:1991 uprisings
2727:
2725:Anfal campaign
2722:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2689:Saddam Hussein
2687:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2605:External links
2603:
2601:
2600:
2584:
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2524:
2505:
2486:
2471:
2436:
2418:
2396:
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2290:
2272:
2253:
2238:
2219:
2189:
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2134:
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2100:
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2013:
1995:
1963:
1945:
1917:
1894:
1877:
1849:
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1732:
1702:
1684:
1656:
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1617:. 18 June 2005
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1125:
1122:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:Charles Taylor
979:Prime Minister
967:United Kingdom
928:Prime Minister
904:Prime Minister
766:in The Hague.
757:Prime Minister
749:Karel De Gucht
698:Jalal Talabani
680:
677:
675:
672:
647:Main article:
644:
641:
586:
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515:
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451:
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420:Jalal Talabani
327:
324:
308:Emmanuel Ludot
292:Ayesha Gaddafi
290:and including
251:George W. Bush
234:
231:
157:, against the
97:Saddam Hussein
80:
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3017:2000s in Iraq
3015:
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2896:Sajida Talfah
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2764:Interrogation
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2621:
2619:
2616:
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2609:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2593:
2592:Mohamad Bazzi
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
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2199:
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