Samʾal - Knowledge (XXG)

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Qarqar. The Kingdom of Sam'al was founded by Hayyanu and his successor was Ahabbu of Siri'laya (Zincirli) in 854 BC. Whereas Gabar, the founder of Ya'udi, and his successors became a member of the Assyrian satellites. This makes clear why Shalmaneser III lists Ya'udi (Bit-Gabbari) but not Sam'al as a satellite state. The Kingdom of Ya'udi wanted to open a corridor between Assyria and Denyen. It was prevented by the unified Syrian forces. This unity had been dissolved in 825 BC. After the death of Shalmanezer III Denyen couldn't occupy it but the Samalians could. Sam'al annexed Ya'udi and moved into the palace of Kilamuva.

808: 609:, in the Samalian variant of Aramaic and dated c. 740 BC. A destroyed Middle Bronze Age II building was found at Area 2 on the eastern citadel. it is nearby and on the same stratigraphic level as the bit-hilani palace located by early excavators. That palace was present only in its stone foundations as the area was clear for construction of the Neo-Assyrian governors residence (Palace G) of the 7th century BC. With the redating of the bit-hilani structure there is not a complete lack of monumental construction in Iron Age II until the time of Kilamuwa. 734: 50: 749: 933:: "....Here, we present evidence for the absolute and relative chronology of a late Middle Bronze Age (MB) II destruction event at Zincirli (Türkiye), a site on the border between the Syrian and Anatolian spheres. The destruction is dated with unusual precision by 11 short-lived radiocarbon samples from closed contexts, and the assemblage of pottery found therein affords key synchronisms with final Middle Bronze Age strata at other sites in the Northern Levant, Cilicia and Anatolia..." 794: 43: 764: 543: 471: 290: 950:: "...The assemblage of complete vessels from Zincirli Area 2 allows comparison with late MB II sites across the Northern Levant and Cilicia... comparisons with the final MB II repertoires at Tilmen Höyük (Levels IIb–c), Alalakh (Level VII), Ebla (Mardikh IIIB2), Kinet Höyük (Period 16), Umm el-Marra (Period IIIa–c), Zeytinli Bahçe Höyük (Building VII) and Lidar Höyük (Phase 5/Level 8)..." 1468: 232: 27: 264:

palace of Hilani I in Zincirli (believed by the early German excavators to be from Iron Age Sam'al period) was actually a large broadroom temple from Middle Bronze Age II, lasting roughly from 1800 to 1650 BC, destroyed in mid- to late 17th century BC based on 10 radiocarbon dates. Additional samples

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There is an alternative opinion which states that Ya'udi and Sam'al were originally separate royal houses and Sam'al, the younger of the two, fought against the Assyrians at Alimus in 859 BC, in 858 BC when Shalmanser III crossed the Euphrates for the first time, and again in 853 BC at the Battle of

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and thrived between 3000 and 2000 BC, and on the highest part of the upper mound was found a walled citadel of the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1600 BC). New excavations revealed a monumental complex in the Middle Bronze Age II (ca. 1800–1700 BC), and another structure (Complex DD) that was destroyed

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Herrmann, Virginia R., and David Schloen, "Zincirli Höyük, Ancient Sam’al: A Preliminary Report on the 2017 Excavation Season", Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: Vol. 2: Field Reports. Islamic Archaeology, edited by Adelheid Otto et al., 1st

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At the foundation of Gate E of the inner citadel five basalt lion statues were found buried in a pit that ranged as deep as 4.2 meters. The date of the pit is unclear, though the excavators suggested the Middle Bronze age. The statues are in two different styles which the excavators placed as being

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together with the Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies of the University of Tübingen began a new long-term excavation project at the site of Zincirli under the directorship of David Schloen and Virginia Herrmann. Eleven seasons of excavation were conducted ending in 2017. Finds included the

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that he hired Assyria against Denyen. Other sources from the same period mention Ya'udi as a satellite state of Denyen and Assyria wanted to occupy this territory. Kilamuva might offer for Deyen to be a satellite state. Before this, he should defeat his greatest foe, Azitawadda. Assyrians won over

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Schmitz, Philip C., "The Phoenician Words mškb and ʿrr in the Royal Inscription of Kulamuwa (KAI 24.14–15) and the Body Language of Peripheral Politics", Linguistic Studies in Phoenician, edited by Robert D. Holmstedt and Aaron Schade, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 68-83,

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Herrmann, V. R., and Schloen J. D., "Zincirli Höyük, Ancient Sam’al: A Preliminary Report on the 2015 Excavation Season", In: B. Horejs, C. Schwall, V. Müller, et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 25–29 April 2016, Vienna

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Klaus Beyer The Aramaic Language, Its Distribution and Subdivisions 1986– Page 12 3525535732 "In addition the three "Ya'udic" royal inscriptions from Zinjirli in northern Syria (c. 825, 750, 730 B.C.) witness to early Ancient Aramaic: KAl 25, 214, 215; TSSI -, 13, 14; J.Friedrich, Phoni-

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At least from c.1700 to 1650 BC Zincirli Höyük was a trading hub with the production of wine transported in a specific type of vessel, the globular flask, being part of the trade centered in the nearby ancient Syrian region of Mamma. Zincirli was located only 9 km north of

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accessed by the outer citadel gate, which was surrounded by the as yet unexcavated town and a further enormous 2.5 kilometer long double fortification wall with three gates (most notably the southern city gate) and 100 bastions. Finds from the excavations are held in the

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Kathryn R. Morgan and Sebastiano Soldi, "Middle Bronze Age Zincirli: An Interim Report on Architecture, Small Finds, and Ceramics from a Monumental Complex of the 17th Century b.c.e.", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 385, pp. 33–51, May

1040:: Felix von Luschan, Die Kleinfunde von Sendschirli . Herausgabe und Ergänzung besorgt von Walter Andrae (Mitteilungen aus den orientalischen Sammlungen, Heft XV; Berlin 1943) 102, Abb. 124, Tf. 47f-g (the book was reviewed by K. Galline; in BiOr 5 fl948] 115–120) 1011: 384: 1404:

Deckers, Katleen, et al., "An estate at Zincirli? Land use and resource exploitation at the Middle Bronze Age monumental building Complex DD in Zincirli, Gaziantep Province of Turkey", Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15.1,

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J. David Schloen and Amir S. Fink, "New Excavations at Zincirli Höyük in Turkey (Ancient Sam'al) and the Discovery of an Inscribed Mortuary Stele", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 356, pp. 1–13, November

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Giusfredi, Federico, and Valerio Pisaniello, "The population, the language and the history of Yadiya/Sam’al", Beyond All Boundaries. Anatolia in the 1st Millennium BC (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 295), Peeters, pp. 189-223,

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Gilibert, Alessandra, "Zincirli", Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance: The Stone Reliefs at Carchemish and Zincirli in the Earlier First Millennium BCE, Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, pp. 55-96,

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Eudora J. Struble and Virginia Rimmer Herrmann, "An Eternal Feast at Sam'al: The New Iron Age Mortuary Stele from Zincirli in Context", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 356, pp. 15–49,

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in 1882. In 1883 three German travelers collected and took photographs there. At that time orthostats were still visible at the surface. It was excavated in 1888, 1890, 1891, 1894 and 1902 during expeditions led by

966:, 2022 ASOR Annual Meeting, Abstract Booklet, Boston, November 16–19, p. 88: "Among the discoveries this season was the first evidence of occupation at Zincirli during the Late Bronze Age under Hittite hegemony." 8091: 530: 1247:

1979 – Page 68 080284846X "This is partly because he refuses to see Ugaritic as Canaanite and partly because he prefers to treat so-called Ya^udic as distinct from Aramaic — if I understand him correctly.89

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If the inscription is considered to date to the 10th century BC, it may be the first solid evidence for a Luwian-speaking kingdom in the Islahiye valley, as possibly an offshoot of the Hittite rump-state at

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Virginia R. Herrmann and David Schloen, "Middle Bronze Age Zincirli: The Date of "Hilani I" and the End of Middle Bronze II", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 385, pp. 33–51, May

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Virginia Rimmer Herrmann and J. David Schloen, "In Remembrance of Me: Feasting with the Dead in the Ancient Middle East", Oriental Institute Museum Publications 37, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2014

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Some rulers of Sam'al had aggressive expansionist politics; others acceded to one of the anti-Assyrian Syrian coalition. Assyrian sources are not clear regarding Sam'al. Ya'udi was one of Assyria's

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Boyd, Samuel L., Humphrey H. Hardy, and Benjamin D. Thomas, "Two New Inscriptions from Zincirli and Its Environs", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 356.1, pp. 73–80, 2009

199:. This event was recently radiocarbon-dated to sometime between 1632 and 1610 BC, during the late Middle Bronze Age II (ca. 1700–1600 BC). The site was thought to have been abandoned during the 239:

The site of Sam'al was occupied in the Early Bronze Age III/IV (c. 2700–2100 BC), and Middle Bronze Age II (c. 2000-1550 BC), when it was sacked, probably by Hittite king Hattusili I.

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Tropper, Josef, "Die Inschriften von Zincirli: Neue Edition und vergleichende Grammatikdes phönizischen, sam’alischen und aramäischen Textkorpus (ALASP 6)", Münster:Ugarit-Verlag, 1993

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Virginia R. Herrmann, "Appropriation and Emulation in the Earliest Sculptures from Zincirli (Iron Age Samʾal)", American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 237–74, 2017

976: 508:. The Louvre holds a carved orthostat and two sphinx protomes and some minor sculptures are held at museums in Adana and Gaziantep. During the 1902 excavation at Zincirli Höyük the 8056: 875:

Miller, Robert D., "The Barrakab Inscription", Covenant and Grace in the Old Testament: Assyrian Propaganda and Israelite Faith, Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, pp. 49-76, 2012

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Jessie DeGrado and Madadh Richey, "An Aramaic-Inscribed Lamaštu Amulet from Zincirli", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 377, pp. 107–133, May 2017

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Casana, Jesse, and Jason T. Herrmann, "Settlement history and urban planning at Zincirli Höyük, southern Turkey", Journal of Mediterranean archaeology 23.1, pp. 55–80, 2010

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U. Bahadir. Alkim, "The Road from Samal to Asitawandawa: Contributions to the Historical Geography of the Amanus Region", Anadolu Arastirmalari, vol. 2, pp. 3–41, 1965

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The site of Pancarli Hoyuk is located about 1 km southeast of Zincirli. A new hieroglyphic Luwian inscription has been discovered here in 2006, and published in 2016.

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Herrmann, Virginia R., et al., "Assyrian impact on the Kingdom of Sam'al: the view from Zincirli", The provincial archaeology of the Assyrian Empire, pp. 265–74, 2016

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The inscription is fragmentary, but nevertheless it appears to be of a royal character. Previously, all known inscriptions from this area were exclusively written in

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Schloen, J David; Fink, Amir S., "Searching for Ancient Sam'al: New Excavations at Zincirli in Turkey", Near Eastern Archaeology, vol. 72, iss. 4, pp. 203–219, 2009

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Herrmann, Virginia Hudson Rimmer, "Society and Economy under Empire at Iron Age Sam'al (Zincirli Höyük, Turkey)", Ph.D Disertation, The University of Chicago, 2011.

696:. According to the authors, the most probable conclusion is that PANCARLI inscription represents a ruler or a local king of the tenth or early ninth century BC. 207:

periods, but excavations in 2021 season showed evidence of occupation during the Late Bronze Age in Hittite times (ca. 1600–1180 BC). It flourished again in the

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VR Herrmann, "Urban organization under empire: Iron Age Sam'al (Zincirli, Turkey) from royal to provincial capital", Levant, vol. 49 (3), pp. 284–311, 2017

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Cornelius, Izak, "In Search of the Goddesses of Zincirli (Samʾal)", Zeitschrift Des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (1953-), vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 15–25, 2012

992:: "...Bahadir Alkım, in turn, hypothesised that Tilmen Höyük was the capital of one of the twenty small states that together formed the kingdom of Yamhad..." 623:

Multiple important historical inscriptions have been found in this area. They include at least seven inscriptions, as listed at the link above, including the

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Cornelius, Izak, "The Material Imagery of the Sam’al (Zincirli) Monuments and ‘Aramaean Identity’", Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 183–205, 2019

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Herrmann, Virginia R., et al, "New evidence for Middle Bronze Age chronology from the Syro-Anatolian frontier", Antiquity, vol. 97 (393), pp. 1–20, 2023

681:. Attempts to establish a rigorous definition of "Aramaic" have led to a conclusion of Samalian as distinct from Aramaic, despite some shared features. 1193:

Leichty, E., "The Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680–669 BC)", Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 4, Winona Lake, 2011

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Three royal inscriptions from Ya'udi or Sam'al are particularly informative for the history of the area. The earliest is from the reign of King

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Ralf-B Wartke, "Sam'al: Ein aramäischer Stadtstaat des 10. bis 8. Jhs. v. Chr. und die Geschichte seiner Erforschung", Philipp von Zabern, 2005

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This inscription provides new information about the Early Iron Age of the Islahiye valley, and the history of the Aramaean dynasty of Gabbar.

491:. Each of the expeditions was supported by the German Orient Committee, except for the fourth (1894), which was financed with monies from the 1922: 1153: 763: 748: 1234:

1996 0521556341 Page 35 "According to some scholars, after 1400 BC the languages which would later develop into Ya'udic and Aramaic...."

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Pardee, Dennis, "A new Aramaic inscription from Zincirli", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 356.1, pp. 51-71, 2009

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later produced a radiocarbon date of c. 1632–1610 BC for the destruction. The archaeological site of Zincirli was not abandoned after

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Felix von Luschan, "Ueber einige Ergebnisse der fünften Expedition nach Sendschirli", Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 34, pp. 379–80, 1902

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Volume 5: Felix von Luschan and Walter Andrae, "Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli: Die Kleinfunde von Sendschirli", Walter de Gruyter, 1943

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Ussishkin, David, "‘Der Alte Bau’ in Zincirli", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 189, pp. 50–53, 1968

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Virginia R. Herrmann and David Schloen, "Excavations at Zincirli Höyük in Turkey: 2015 Season", Oriental Institute of Chicago, 2016

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Schloen, J. David, and Virginia R. Herrmann, "Zincirli Höyük Excavations 2015", Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 38/3, pp. 173–186, 2016

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and stone tablets from the period of Kilamuwa and Panamuwa II are the main sources for historical data about this time period.

914:"Iron Age Urbanization and Middle Bronze Age Networks at Zincirli Höyük: Recent Results from the Chicago-Tübingen Excavations" 6011: 311: 1708: 4720: 3043: 913: 1419:

Faist, Betina, "Die keilschrifttafeln aus Sam’al (Zincirli)", State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 20, pp. 33–46, 2014

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had been blocked in the Western area. Though the campaign of Assyria in 825 BC occupied the vital territories of Sam'al,

252:, possibly the capital of the Zalpa/Zalwar kingdom, which eventually became one of the twenty vassal small states of the 8081: 7870: 6496: 3951: 1512: 1499: 1300:

Pat-El, Na'ama; Wilson-Wright, Aren (2019). "The subgrouping of Samalian: Arguments in favor of an independent branch".

964:"Comparing Bronze and Iron Age Urbanism, Economy, and Environment in Zincirli, Turkey: Results from the 2021 Excavation" 505: 269:'s sack sometime around 1632 to 1610 BC, as there is recent evidence of Hittite occupation during the Late Bronze Age. 7860: 6704: 799: 693: 659: 597: 5306: 5078: 4274: 1430: 307: 884: 300: 5766: 5696: 846: 1211:

Moscati 1964, S.—: An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.

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has been found here in 1943. It is a small gold object inscribed in a similar old type of Phoenician alphabet.

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or Ya'udic. Some scholars including P.-E. Dion and S. Moscati have advanced Samalian as a distinct variety of

1342:"A New Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscription from Pancarlı Höyük: Language and Power in Early Iron Age Samʾal-YʾDY" 8076: 8071: 8061: 7765: 6969: 6884: 5035: 4554: 4226: 4211: 3816: 3658: 2178: 2063: 827: 754: 235:

Historical map of the Neo-Hittite states, c. 800 BC, showing the location of Sam'al at modern Zincirli (3).

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was found at the entrance to Building J. It is written in an Old Aramaic form of the Phoenician alphabet.

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from the late 10th century BC (Zincirli I) and c. 700 BC (Zincirli IV). These became known as the

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The kingdom became a middle power at the end of the 10th century BC. It had expanded from being a

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The University of Chicago, (2018). "Annals of Ḫattušili I (mid- to late 17th cent. BC)", in

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Simon B. Parker, "Appeals for military intervention: stories from Zinjirli and the Bible".

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Denyen and Sam'al in 825 BC. Sam'al became independent after the death of Shalmaneser III.

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The German excavations on the citadel recovered large numbers of relief-carved

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of the Middle-East in the first half of the 1st millennium BC. It was near the

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Ancient Aramaic Incantation Describes 'Devourer' that Brings 'Fire' to Victims

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The site covers an area of about 40 hectares. It was visited by archaeologist

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P.-E. Dion, La langue de Ya'udi (Waterloo, Ontario 1974), in: RSO 53 (1979)

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in the annals of Shalmaneser III. Though around 830 BC Azitawadda, king of

1467: 512:(Zincirli 65), a 9th-century BC stele of King Kilamuwa (c. 840–810 BC) in 495:

and private donors. They found a walled heavily fortified teardrop-shaped

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and by the 7th century BC had become a directly ruled Assyrian province.

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The Aramean dynasty founder was king Gabbar, dated around 900 BC. Royal

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At the end, in 717 BC, Assyria occupied the country under the rule of

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OI short video with reading of Kutamuwa Stele in aramaic and english

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Felix von Luschan, Robert Koldewey, David Schloen, Virginia Herrmann

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Herrmann, Virginia R.; van den Hout, Theo; Beyazlar, Ahmet (2016).

977:"Wine from Mamma: Alluharum-Pots in 17th Century BC Trade Networks" 8030: 8025: 7805: 7605: 7555: 7525: 7460: 7310: 7204: 7199: 7159: 6994: 6954: 6684: 6634: 6411: 6386: 6231: 5886: 5881: 5851: 5816: 5776: 5266: 5181: 5083: 5000: 4995: 4915: 4825: 4484: 4474: 4264: 4096: 4046: 4016: 4001: 3991: 3623: 3513: 3308: 3193: 3108: 3053: 2963: 2958: 2728: 2713: 2703: 2668: 2663: 2573: 2533: 2493: 2438: 2288: 2283: 2168: 2043: 1646: 1605: 564:

Volume 2: Felix von Luschan and Carl Humann and Robert Koldewey, "

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Levy-White project to publish small finds from German excavations

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Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli: Ausgrabungsbericht und Architektur

260:. Excavations by Chicago-Tubingen Expedition revealed that the 5048: 283: 727:: an inscription of Prince Kilamuwa of Samal, Pergamon Museum 979:, Iraq journal, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–27, 2020 195:

in the mid to late 17th century BC, maybe by Hititte king

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States and territories established in the 12th century BC

673:, the others later at 730 BC. Their language is known as 559:

Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli: Einleitung und Inschriften

946:, in: Antiquity, Volume 97, Issue 391, February 2023, 929:, in: Antiquity, Volume 97, Issue 391, February 2023, 589:

The field diaries of the excavation were lost during

272:

In 2020, the site was "convincingly identified" with

7869: 6495: 5107: 5034: 4225: 3707: 1929: 1867: 1844: 1816: 1798: 1780: 1762: 1744: 1726: 1716: 1685: 1667: 1655: 1632: 1614: 1596: 1553: 1543: 411:and remained independent. It didn't become part of 276:, mentioned in the Hittite "Queen of Kanesh" myth. 161: 153: 145: 140: 132: 124: 87: 73: 65: 1221:zisch-punische Grammatik, Rome 1951, 153–162; ..." 895: 893: 427:had been defeated, but it had been reorganised as 1447:, "The Syro-Hittite ritual burial of monuments". 958: 956: 899:Chicago-Tubingen Expedition to Zincirli, (2018). 344:List of Aramean kings § Bit-Gabbari (Sam'al) 578:Volume 4: Felix von Luschan and Gustav Jacoby, " 403:and gained territories from Carchemish, around 1258:Huehnergard, John (1995). "What is Aramaic?". 1245:A Wandering Armenian: Collected Aramaic Essays 662:celebrating his victory over Egyptian pharaoh 660:Victory stele of Neo-Assyrian ruler Esarhaddon 8057:Archaeological sites in Southeastern Anatolia 5467:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus 1907: 1520: 988:Turkish Archaeological News, (9 March 2019). 190:. It was founded at least as far back as the 8: 830:in the Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient 19: 857:Euphrates Handmade Syrian Horses and Riders 742:with inscription (KAI 214), Pergamon Museum 573:Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli: Thorsculpturen 548:A lion of Samal, now in the Pergamon Museum 5462:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus 1914: 1900: 1892: 1723: 1550: 1527: 1513: 1505: 1184:ed., Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 129–40, 2020 25: 18: 1352:(1). University of Chicago Press: 53–70. 975:Morgan, Kathryn R., and Seth Richardson, 536:A lion at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum 374:. Sam'al was the capital of the country. 330:Learn how and when to remove this message 174:is an archaeological site located in the 1024:Chicago-Tubingen Expedition to Zincirli 962:Herrmann, Virginia R., et al., (2022). 868: 714: 526: 149:1888, 1890, 1891, 1894, 1902, 2006-2017 1287:Genealogical Classification of Semitic 7: 1479:Official Zincirli Excavation Website 912:Herrmann, Virginia, et al., (2020). 557:Volume 1: Felix von Luschan et al, " 553:There were five excavation reports: 312:adding citations to reliable sources 7891:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia) 6012:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese 1230:Angel Sáenz-Badillos, John Elwolde 435:, Ya'udi again became independent. 14: 8087:Former populated places in Turkey 852:Euphrates Syrian Pillar Figurines 1707: 1466: 1232:A History of the Hebrew Language 820: 806: 792: 777: 762: 747: 732: 717: 541: 529: 288: 48: 41: 1450:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1346:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 842:Cities of the ancient Near East 619:Zincirli stele (disambiguation) 502:Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin 299:needs additional citations for 4721:Metropolis in northern Phrygia 3044:Metropolis in southern Phrygia 1174:(Wiesbaden), pp. 521–534, 2018 916:, in ASOR 2020 Annual Meeting. 787:III (KAI 218), Pergamon Museum 646:. These are on exhibit in the 613:Inscriptions found in the area 571:Volume 3: Felix von Luschan, " 49: 1: 1923:Ancient settlements in Turkey 1453:29(2), pp. 124–128, 1970 1434:59(4), pp. 213–224, 1996 1026:, Retrieved 24 February 2021. 658:. Also found was the notable 634:, along with inscriptions in 474:Reconstruction of the citadel 16:Archaeological site in Turkey 3952:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia 903:, The University of Chicago. 772:I (KAI 216), Istanbul Museum 388:Inscription of King Barrekub 31:Archeological site of Sam'al 7861:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus 6705:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing 3219:Panormus near Halicarnassus 800:Victory stele of Esarhaddon 694:Northwest Semitic languages 580:Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli 506:Istanbul Archaeology Museum 8108: 5207:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus 1431:The Biblical Archaeologist 685:Pancarli Hoyuk inscription 616: 341: 7761:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia 6007:Neapolis on the Bosphorus 2214:Bargasa in northern Caria 1705: 847:Short chronology timeline 36: 24: 7766:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia 6970:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia 4555:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia 4212:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia 2989:Magnesia on the Maeander 1272:10.2143/ARAM.7.2.2002231 942:Herrman et al., (2023). 925:Herrman et al., (2023). 8067:Ancient Assyrian cities 7896:Apamea on the Euphrates 7481:Philadelphia in Cilicia 6885:Dalisandus in Pamphylia 5457:Chelae on the Black Sea 3659:Tripolis on the Meander 2144:Astyra near Adramyttium 2064:Antioch on the Maeander 755:Panamuwa II inscription 493:Rudolf-Virchow-Stiftung 8001:Seleucia at the Zeugma 6620:Aphrodisias of Cilicia 6605:Antioch on the Pyramis 6585:Antioch on the Orontes 5162:Aianteion in the Troad 4152:Sebastopolis in Pontus 1285:Kogan, Leonid (2015). 475: 389: 348:Kingdom of Sam'al (in 236: 7886:Antioch in the Taurus 7591:Seleucia in Pamphylia 6880:Dalisandus in Isauria 6600:Antioch on the Cragus 5587:Dascylium in Bithynia 4117:Pteria in Paphlagonia 3404:Sebastopolis in Caria 3269:Philadelphia in Lydia 3214:Panormus near Miletus 2879:Laodicea on the Lycus 2194:Aureliopolis in Lydia 602:University of Chicago 582:", Georg Reimer, 1911 575:", Georg Reimer, 1902 473: 431:. After the death of 387: 234: 176:Anti-Taurus Mountains 146:Excavation dates 109:37.10361°N 36.67861°E 66:Alternative name 7971:Nicopolis in Cilicia 7851:Zenopolis in Isauria 6945:Eudocias (Pamphylia) 6815:Comana in Cappadocia 6452:Tricomia in Bithynia 5737:Helenopolis/Drepanum 4520:Eudocia (Cappadocia) 3847:Comana in the Pontus 3474:Stratonicea in Caria 3469:Stratonicea in Lydia 3154:Nysa on the Maeander 2459:Dios Hieron in Lydia 2454:Dios Hieron in Ionia 2164:Atarneus sub Pitanem 2149:Astyra near Pergamon 1475:at Wikimedia Commons 1314:10.1086/MAR201923206 1243:Joseph A. Fitzmyer 828:Stele of Ördek-Burnu 596:In August 2006, the 308:improve this article 8082:Syro-Hittite states 7356:Neapolis in Pisidia 7180:Limnae in Pamphylia 6840:Corycus (Kızkalesi) 5702:Hadriani ad Olympum 5637:Drizipara/Drusipara 5592:Dekaton in Bithynia 5157:Aianteion in Thrace 3039:Metropolis in Lydia 2984:Magnesia ad Sipylum 1490:ASOR 2015 dig video 1481:at www.uchicago.edu 514:Phoenician language 221:Neo-Assyrian Empire 105: / 57:Shown within Turkey 21: 7941:Hallan Çemi Tepesi 7856:Zenopolis in Lycia 6625:Apollonia in Lycia 6590:Antioch of Pisidia 6545:Anabura in Pisidia 6402:Tarsus in Bithynia 5897:Limnae in Bithynia 3837:Colonia in Armenia 3399:Sebaste in Phrygia 2624:Heraclea in Aeolis 2619:Heraclea at Latmus 2084:Apollonia Salbaces 2079:Apollonia in Mysia 901:"Site and Setting" 598:Oriental Institute 476: 390: 237: 211:, initially under 184:Gaziantep Province 114:37.10361; 36.67861 78:Gaziantep Province 8044: 8043: 7746:Telmessos (Caria) 7185:Limnae in Pisidia 7045:Isinda in Pisidia 6595:Antiochia Lamotis 5647:Elaea in Bithynia 5597:Dekaton in Thrace 4676:Laodicea Combusta 4560:Heraclea Cybistra 4525:Eudocia (Phrygia) 4112:Prusias ad Hypium 3334:Polichne in Ionia 3329:Polichna in Ionia 2899:Larissa Phrikonis 2629:Heraclea in Lydia 2069:Apamea in Phrygia 1889: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1703: 1702: 1538:states and cities 1471:Media related to 1154:978-1-61491-017-6 485:Felix von Luschan 340: 339: 332: 256:kingdom based on 243:Middle Bronze Age 169: 168: 8099: 7496:Phoenix in Lycia 7235:Malus in Pisidia 6910:Elaiussa Sebaste 5902:Limnae in Thrace 5567:Daphne Mainomene 5432:Cenon Gallicanon 5172:Alexandria Troas 5036:Eastern Anatolia 4711:Malus in Phrygia 4706:Malus in Galatia 4227:Central Anatolia 4017:Laodicea Pontica 3982:Hüseyindede Tepe 3962:Heraclea Pontica 3589:Thebe Hypoplakia 3279:Phoenix in Caria 2999:Maionia in Lydia 2634:Heraclea Salbace 2189:Aurelia Neapolis 2094:Apollonos Hieron 1916: 1909: 1902: 1893: 1724: 1711: 1551: 1529: 1522: 1515: 1506: 1470: 1445:Ussishkin, David 1378: 1377: 1337: 1326: 1325: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1255: 1249: 1241: 1235: 1228: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1200: 1194: 1191: 1185: 1181: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1065: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1041: 1033: 1027: 1020: 1014: 1009: 1003: 999: 993: 986: 980: 973: 967: 960: 951: 940: 934: 923: 917: 910: 904: 897: 888: 882: 876: 873: 824: 810: 796: 781: 766: 751: 736: 721: 568:", Spemann, 1898 561:", Spemann, 1893 545: 533: 440:satellite states 417:Battle of Qarqar 394:Kilamuwa scepter 335: 328: 324: 321: 315: 292: 284: 192:Early Bronze Age 120: 119: 117: 116: 115: 110: 106: 103: 102: 101: 98: 52: 51: 45: 29: 22: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8040: 7872: 7865: 7601:Seleucia Sidera 7596:Seleucia Pieria 7040:Isinda in Lycia 6940:Eudocia (Lycia) 6835:Corycium Antrum 6491: 6352:Serrion Teichos 6112:Pegae in Thrace 5867:Larisa in Troad 5307:Basilica Therma 5277:Astyra in Troad 5103: 5079:Justinianopolis 5030: 4605:Kaman-Kalehöyük 4285:Aquae Saravenae 4221: 3703: 3394:Satala in Lydia 2894:Larisa in Lydia 2889:Larisa in Ionia 2884:Larisa in Caria 2804:Kleros Politike 2734:Isinda in Ionia 1925: 1920: 1890: 1881: 1863: 1840: 1812: 1794: 1776: 1758: 1740: 1712: 1699: 1681: 1663: 1651: 1628: 1610: 1592: 1539: 1533: 1463: 1387: 1385:Further reading 1382: 1381: 1339: 1338: 1329: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1260:ARAM Periodical 1257: 1256: 1252: 1242: 1238: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1037:Editio princeps 1034: 1030: 1021: 1017: 1010: 1006: 1000: 996: 987: 983: 974: 970: 961: 954: 941: 937: 924: 920: 911: 907: 898: 891: 883: 879: 874: 870: 865: 838: 831: 825: 816: 814:Kuttamuwa stele 811: 802: 797: 788: 785:Bar-Rakib stele 782: 773: 770:Bar-Rakib stele 767: 758: 752: 743: 737: 728: 722: 713: 687: 648:Pergamon Museum 627:found in 2008. 625:Kuttamuwa stele 621: 615: 607:Kuttamuwa stele 549: 546: 537: 534: 489:Robert Koldewey 480:Osman Hamdi Bey 468: 433:Shalmaneser III 419:in 853 BC, but 346: 336: 325: 319: 316: 305: 293: 282: 245: 229: 113: 111: 107: 104: 99: 96: 94: 92: 91: 61: 60: 59: 58: 55: 54: 53: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8105: 8103: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8077:Aramean states 8074: 8072:Aramean cities 8069: 8064: 8062:Hittite cities 8059: 8049: 8048: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7901:Carcathiocerta 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7877: 7875: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 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6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6177:Pitheci Portus 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6152:Phidalia Petra 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107:Pegae in Mysia 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5712:Hadrianotherae 5709: 5704: 5699: 5697:Germanicopolis 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5257:Artaiouteichos 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5113: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5094:Theodosiopolis 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4981:Thouththourbia 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4255:Anastasiopolis 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2814:Koddinou Petra 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1935: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1896: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1786: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1721: 1714: 1713: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1548: 1541: 1540: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1524: 1517: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1462: 1461:External links 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1358:10.1086/684835 1327: 1308:(2): 371–387. 1292: 1277: 1266:(2): 261–282. 1250: 1236: 1223: 1213: 1204: 1195: 1186: 1176: 1166: 1157: 1138: 1129: 1119: 1108: 1099: 1089: 1079: 1069: 1060: 1051: 1042: 1028: 1015: 1004: 994: 990:"Tilmen Höyük" 981: 968: 952: 935: 918: 905: 889: 877: 867: 866: 864: 861: 860: 859: 854: 849: 844: 837: 834: 833: 832: 826: 819: 817: 812: 805: 803: 798: 791: 789: 783: 776: 774: 768: 761: 759: 753: 746: 744: 738: 731: 729: 725:Kilamuwa Stela 723: 716: 712: 709: 686: 683: 614: 611: 587: 586: 583: 576: 569: 562: 551: 550: 547: 540: 538: 535: 528: 510:Kilamuwa Stela 467: 464: 338: 337: 296: 294: 287: 281: 278: 244: 241: 228: 225: 172:Zincirli Höyük 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 154:Archaeologists 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 89: 85: 84: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 56: 47: 46: 40: 39: 38: 37: 34: 33: 30: 20:Zincirli Höyük 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8104: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7731:Tell Judaidah 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7245:Mamure Castle 7243: 7241: 7240:Mampsoukrenai 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7030:Isaura Palaea 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6497:Mediterranean 6494: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6272:Pyrrhias Cyon 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5397:Caenophrurium 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312:Basilinopolis 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5297:Baradendromia 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5197:Apamea Myrlea 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5177:Alopeconnesus 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4535:Faustinopolis 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4235:Abouadeineita 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3937:Garzoubanthon 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3699:Zingotos Kome 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3629:Tlos in Caria 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3414:Side in Caria 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3024:Meiros Megale 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2979:Maeandropolis 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2779:Kaymakçı Tepe 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2654:Hierocaesarea 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2599:Halicarnassus 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2449:Dionysiopolis 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1949:Achaion Limen 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1293: 1289:. de Gruyter. 1288: 1281: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1224: 1217: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1180: 1177: 1170: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1083: 1080: 1073: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1005: 998: 995: 991: 985: 982: 978: 972: 969: 965: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 939: 936: 932: 928: 922: 919: 915: 909: 906: 902: 896: 894: 890: 885: 881: 878: 872: 869: 862: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 835: 829: 823: 818: 815: 809: 804: 801: 795: 790: 786: 780: 775: 771: 765: 760: 756: 750: 745: 741: 735: 730: 726: 720: 715: 710: 708: 706: 700: 697: 695: 690: 684: 682: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 620: 612: 610: 608: 603: 599: 594: 592: 584: 581: 577: 574: 570: 567: 563: 560: 556: 555: 554: 544: 539: 532: 527: 525: 523: 517: 515: 511: 507: 503: 498: 494: 490: 486: 481: 472: 465: 463: 461: 456: 452: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 386: 382: 380: 375: 373: 372:Nur Mountains 369: 365: 362: 358: 354: 351: 345: 334: 331: 323: 313: 309: 303: 302: 297:This section 295: 291: 286: 285: 279: 277: 275: 270: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 242: 240: 233: 226: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 118: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 68: 64: 44: 35: 28: 23: 7936:Göbekli Tepe 7871:Southeastern 7736:Tell Tayinat 7431:Panemotichus 7060:Juliosebaste 6800:Claudiopolis 6795:Cibyra Mikra 6575:Ano Kotradis 6422:Tesderamoska 6302:Rouphinianai 6132:Pericharaxis 5997:Nausimachion 5812:Katapaspanas 5622:Didymateiche 5322:Bathys Limen 5292:Aureliopolis 4986:Tiberiopolis 4891:Sadagolthina 4570:Hieropotamon 4490:Dometiopolis 4425:Comitanassus 4365:Binbirkilise 4360:Bathys Rhyax 4275:Antoniopolis 4240:Alişar Hüyük 4102:Pompeiopolis 3797:Callistratia 3717:Abonoteichos 3644:Trapezopolis 3639:Traianopolis 2639:Hermocapelia 2179:Augustopolis 2119:Arcadiopolis 1746:Unqi-Pattina 1536:Syro-Hittite 1448: 1429: 1349: 1345: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1286: 1280: 1263: 1259: 1253: 1244: 1239: 1231: 1226: 1216: 1207: 1198: 1189: 1179: 1169: 1160: 1141: 1132: 1122: 1111: 1102: 1092: 1082: 1072: 1063: 1054: 1045: 1035: 1031: 1018: 1007: 997: 984: 971: 947: 938: 930: 921: 908: 880: 871: 740:Hadad Statue 701: 698: 691: 688: 668: 629: 622: 595: 591:World War II 588: 552: 522:Sam'al lions 518: 477: 457: 453: 437: 398: 391: 376: 368:middle power 363: 356: 352: 347: 326: 317: 306:Please help 301:verification 298: 271: 250:Tilmen Höyük 246: 238: 217:Neo-Hittites 187: 171: 170: 7966:Nevalı Çori 7791:Tragalassus 7621:Serraepolis 7546:Rhodiapolis 7466:Perminounda 7456:Pednelissus 7426:Palaeopolis 7316:Moron Hydor 7085:Karakabaklı 7070:Kalelibelen 6950:Flaviopolis 6900:Diocaesarea 6805:Colybrassus 6760:Carmylessus 6610:Antiphellus 6307:Salmydessus 6247:Proconnesus 6017:Neonteichos 5942:Miletopolis 5797:Kalos Agros 5772:Ilieon Kome 5482:Chrysopolis 5242:Argyropolis 5202:Aphrodisias 5147:Aegospotami 5059:Cafer Höyük 5016:Verinopolis 4896:Salamboreia 4851:Pillitokome 4595:Isauropolis 4480:Diocaesarea 4395:Carus Vicus 4330:Aspenzinsos 4310:Ariaramneia 4082:Philocaleia 4042:Naustathmus 3977:Hieron Oros 3752:Anticinolis 3732:Alaca Höyük 3544:Temenothyra 3344:Pordoselene 3204:Palaeopolis 3199:Palaemyndus 3134:Neonteichos 3009:Marathesium 2694:Hypokremnos 2424:Dareioukome 2299:Carmylessus 2229:Beycesultan 2074:Aphrodisias 1969:Adramyttium 1800:Bit Bahiani 1764:Bit Gabbari 679:Old Aramaic 666:in 671 BC. 466:Archaeology 320:August 2023 267:Hattusili I 197:Hattusili I 112: / 88:Coordinates 8051:Categories 8011:Sultantepe 7906:Carchemish 7811:Tyberissus 7771:Titiopolis 7716:Tardequeia 7631:Sibidounda 7571:Sagalassos 7501:Pisarissos 7321:Moumoustra 7306:Mopsuestia 7301:Mopsucrene 7291:Mezgitkale 7150:Kynosarion 7025:Isaura Nea 7020:Irenopolis 6985:Hierapolis 6855:Cretopolis 6830:Coracesium 6745:Callimache 6427:Tetrakomia 6372:Smintheion 6322:Scamandrus 6317:Scamandria 6252:Proochthoi 6227:Pratomysia 6217:Potamonion 6207:Polymedium 6197:Poleatikon 6192:Poemanenum 6167:Phosphorus 6142:Petrozetoi 6122:Pentephyle 6087:Pantichium 6042:Ophryneion 5992:Nausikleia 5972:Moukaporis 5932:Mantineion 5922:Lysimachia 5792:Kale Peuke 5742:Heracleium 5667:Ergasteria 5657:Elekosmioi 5472:Choiragria 5377:Burtudizon 5357:Blachernae 5237:Argyronion 5137:Ad Statuas 5132:Achilleion 5069:Citharizum 5054:Arsamosata 4881:Purushanda 4751:Moutalaske 4645:Kodylessos 4600:Juliopolis 4590:Irenopolis 4510:Ergobrotis 4445:Coropassus 4400:Çatalhöyük 4315:Ariarathia 4197:Yazılıkaya 4167:Themiscyra 4122:Salatiwara 4097:Polemonium 4022:Libiopolis 3997:Ischopolis 3972:Hermonassa 3967:Heracleium 3574:Teuthrania 3534:Teichiussa 3464:Stectorium 3439:Skolopoeis 3354:Prymnessus 3229:Parthenium 3029:Melampagos 2969:Lysimachia 2934:Leucophrys 2794:Klazomenai 2754:Kalabantia 2719:Ioniapolis 2649:Hieropolis 2644:Hierapolis 2429:Dideiphyta 2349:Chrysaoris 2279:Callipolis 1790:Til Barsip 1695:Carchemish 1687:Carchemish 863:References 640:Phoenician 632:orthostats 617:See also: 401:city state 342:See also: 262:bit-hilani 215:-speaking 178:of modern 141:Site notes 128:Settlement 100:36°40′43″E 97:37°06′13″N 7981:Sakçagözü 7951:Khashshum 7846:Yumuktepe 7796:Trebendae 7776:Tityassus 7756:Termessos 7741:Telmessos 7726:Teimiussa 7686:Sozopolis 7581:Saraganda 7576:Sandalium 7551:Rhoscopus 7541:Ptolemais 7531:Prostanna 7491:Phoenicus 7436:Panhormus 7421:Padyandus 7371:Octapolis 7341:Myriandus 7281:Melanippe 7220:Magastara 7125:Kitanaura 7100:Kastellon 7080:Kanytelis 7065:Kalanthia 7005:Idebessos 6990:Hippucome 6960:Gözlükule 6925:Epiphania 6905:Domuztepe 6785:Charadrus 6770:Castabala 6650:Arnabanda 6630:Arabissus 6580:Antigonia 6570:Anemurium 6550:Anazarbus 6510:Acarassus 6505:Acalissus 6397:Tarpodizo 6382:Strobilos 6342:Selymbria 6297:Rhoiteion 6222:Praenetus 6202:Polychron 6147:Pharmakia 6137:Perinthus 6092:Parabolos 6057:Ostreodes 6037:Ontoraita 6027:Nicomedia 6002:Neandreia 5977:Myrileion 5962:Morzapena 5952:Mochadion 5937:Marpessos 5872:Lasthenes 5862:Lampsacus 5857:Lamponeia 5847:Kyparodes 5787:Kalasyrta 5727:Harpagion 5722:Hamaxitus 5707:Hadriania 5627:Diolkides 5582:Dascylium 5452:Charmidea 5442:Chalcedon 5427:Cenchreae 5387:Byzantium 5352:Bithynium 5287:Aureliane 5142:Adrasteia 5044:Altıntepe 4991:Trocmades 4966:Takourtha 4941:Sidamaria 4866:Pontanena 4816:Pedachtoë 4811:Parnassus 4771:Nazianzus 4701:Malandasa 4681:Laroumada 4671:Lamatorma 4500:Ecdaumava 4495:Dorylaeum 4465:Dadastana 4440:Corniaspa 4430:Congustus 4410:Ciscissus 4385:Camuliana 4305:Ardistama 4280:Anzoulada 4260:Andabalis 4250:Anadynata 4177:Timolaeum 4132:Sandaraca 4072:Pharnacia 4052:Nicopolis 3727:Aiginetes 3709:Black Sea 3669:Tyanollos 3619:Thyssanus 3614:Thymbrara 3584:Theangela 3579:Thasthara 3539:Telandrus 3524:Tateikome 3479:Strobilos 3339:Polybotus 3264:Perperene 3149:Nymphaeum 3119:Naulochus 3114:Naulochon 3084:Myloukome 3034:Meloukome 2939:Limantepe 2854:Labraunda 2684:Hyllarima 2604:Halisarna 2584:Gerriadai 2474:Doroukome 2409:Cyllandus 2339:Chalcetor 2249:Boukolion 2109:Aragokome 2089:Apollonis 2059:Antandrus 1974:Agatheira 1944:Abrostola 1854:Hatarikka 1818:Bit Agusi 1782:Bit Adini 1374:163613753 1366:0022-2968 1322:257837134 757:(KAI 215) 705:Karkemish 671:Panammu I 460:Sargon II 448:his stela 392:Also the 162:Condition 7991:Samosata 7873:Anatolia 7841:Yanıkhan 7831:Typallia 7821:Tymandus 7801:Trebenna 7786:Toriaeum 7711:Tapureli 7616:Seroiata 7566:Sabandus 7561:Rygmanoi 7516:Platanus 7506:Pisurgia 7471:Phaselis 7406:Orokenda 7361:Nephelis 7271:Mastaura 7260:Marciana 7170:Lebessus 7140:Korasion 7130:Kodroula 7115:Kiphisos 7090:Karatepe 6920:Emirzeli 6915:Elbessos 6845:Corydala 6775:Ceretapa 6755:Carallia 6740:Cadyanda 6730:Cabassus 6720:Bindaios 6680:Aspendos 6675:Arycanda 6670:Artanada 6640:Ariassus 6565:Andriaca 6555:Anchiale 6482:Utsurgae 6472:Tzurulum 6467:Tyrodiza 6461:Hisarlik 6437:Tragasai 6407:Tattaios 6392:Syllanta 6367:Sirkanos 6347:Semystra 6312:Sangarus 6277:Pytheion 6267:Psyllium 6187:Ploketta 6102:Paulines 6047:Orestias 5967:Mossynea 5947:Mocasura 5912:Lupadium 5842:Koubaita 5837:Kosilaos 5762:Iasonion 5747:Hermaion 5732:Hebdomon 5682:Gentinos 5672:Eribolum 5577:Dardanus 5557:Dacibyza 5552:Dadokome 5532:Crithote 5522:Crenides 5517:Cremaste 5502:Cocylium 5437:Chalcaea 5392:Byzapena 5367:Boradion 5342:Bisanthe 5317:Bathonea 5192:Anaplous 5127:Achaiion 5064:Camachus 5006:Tyriaeum 4926:Senzousa 4901:Salarama 4836:Pessinus 4806:Papirion 4801:Orcistus 4766:Nakoleia 4756:Musbanda 4741:Mokissos 4726:Midaeium 4686:Lauzadus 4662:(Kanesh) 4635:Kindyria 4630:Kilistra 4625:Kerkenes 4610:Kanotala 4505:Ecobriga 4470:Dasmenda 4460:Cyzistra 4455:Cybistra 4375:Borissos 4350:Balgatia 4345:Balbissa 4325:Artiknos 4300:Archalla 4187:Tripolis 4157:Stephane 4147:Saurania 4137:Sapinuwa 4092:Pimolisa 4077:Phazemon 3947:Gozalena 3917:Euchaita 3912:Erythini 3882:Cyptasia 3867:Crenides 3822:Chadisia 3802:Carambis 3742:Amastris 3722:Aegialus 3694:Zemmeana 3664:Troketta 3654:Triopium 3609:Thyatira 3484:Syangela 3424:Silandus 3384:Saouenda 3259:Pergamon 3239:Passanda 3209:Panasion 3184:Orthoisa 3164:Oenoanda 3129:Neapolis 3014:Mastaura 2909:Lasnedda 2864:Lalandos 2844:Kymnissa 2799:Kleimaka 2784:Kilaraza 2769:Kaualena 2764:Kasossos 2699:Hyrcanis 2679:Hygassos 2674:Hydissus 2659:Homadena 2594:Gryneium 2579:Gergitha 2569:Gambrium 2559:Euthenae 2549:Eumeneia 2539:Eukarpia 2524:Erythras 2519:Erythrae 2469:Docimium 2464:Dioskome 2404:Cybeleia 2399:Coryphas 2389:Colossae 2384:Colophon 2374:Clannuda 2369:Cisthene 2359:Cidramus 2354:Chytrium 2329:Celaenae 2319:Casystes 2314:Castabus 2309:Caryanda 2269:Bybassus 2254:Boutheia 2239:Blaundus 2219:Bargylia 2159:Atarneus 2139:Astragon 2134:Aspaneus 2114:Araukome 2104:Appolena 2034:Amynanda 2009:Allianoi 1994:Alabanda 1964:Acrassus 1954:Acharaca 1939:Abbassus 1728:Palistin 1718:Aramaean 1642:Karatepe 1588:Ištuanda 836:See also 675:Samalian 656:Istanbul 644:Akkadian 504:and the 366:) was a 350:Samalian 280:Iron Age 209:Iron Age 165:In ruins 74:Location 8021:Tushhan 7996:Sareisa 7976:Nisibis 7961:Matiate 7956:Kussara 7926:Doliche 7916:Dabanas 7836:Xanthos 7751:Tenedos 7671:Siricae 7656:Sillyon 7646:Siderus 7611:Selinus 7521:Podalia 7511:Placoma 7486:Philaea 7476:Phellus 7446:Parlais 7441:Pargais 7411:Otanada 7401:Onobara 7391:Olympus 7346:Nagidos 7286:Meriana 7267:(Mnara) 7265:Marmara 7255:Mandane 7225:Magydus 7215:Magarsa 7210:Lysinia 7175:Legeita 7155:Laertes 7135:Kolbasa 7120:Kirkota 7095:Karkabo 7075:Kandyba 7055:Istlada 6980:Hamaxia 6965:Hacilar 6890:Damasei 6875:Daedala 6870:Cyrrhus 6865:Cyaneae 6780:Cestrus 6750:Calynda 6735:Cadrema 6710:Balbura 6700:Aunesis 6690:Augusta 6665:Arsinoe 6615:Aperlae 6535:Alalakh 6520:Adrasus 6442:Thynias 6362:Sigeion 6332:Scylace 6327:Scepsis 6292:Rhesion 6287:Rhegion 6262:Psarela 6242:Prindea 6237:Priapus 6212:Potamoi 6127:Percote 6077:Palodes 5987:Nassete 5927:Madytus 5892:Libyssa 5877:Leptoia 5832:Kolonai 5822:Kizoura 5782:Kalamos 5757:Hierion 5677:Gargara 5662:Embolos 5642:Eirakla 5607:Delphin 5572:Daphnus 5562:Damalis 5547:Cyzicus 5542:Cypsela 5537:Cypasis 5512:Colonae 5422:Cebrene 5412:Canopus 5382:Bythias 5347:Bitenas 5337:Birytis 5332:Bergule 5327:Beodizo 5282:Athyras 5272:Astacus 5262:Artanes 5232:Argyria 5222:Arbeila 5117:Abarnis 5109:Marmara 5089:Sugunia 4976:Thebasa 4956:Soandos 4946:Skandos 4931:Sereana 4911:Savatra 4796:Olosada 4746:Mourisa 4666:Lageina 4660:Kültepe 4620:Keissia 4615:Karbala 4585:Ilistra 4550:Gordium 4545:Gorbeus 4515:Euaissa 4450:Cotenna 4420:Claneus 4405:Cimiata 4390:Candara 4370:Blucium 4295:Arasaxa 4270:Anniaca 4245:Amblada 4217:Ziporea 4207:Zaliche 4202:Zagorus 4192:Virasia 4172:Thymena 4162:Syderos 4032:Metroon 4027:Lillium 4012:Kimista 3957:Hattusa 3942:Gaziura 3927:Gadilon 3907:Endeira 3897:Diacopa 3887:Cytorus 3857:Cordyle 3852:Coralla 3842:Colussa 3827:Cinolis 3817:Cerasus 3812:Carussa 3807:Carissa 3772:Berissa 3767:Athenae 3757:Argyria 3689:Uranium 3649:Trarium 3604:Thyaira 3569:Termera 3559:Tendeba 3554:Tempsis 3504:Synnada 3429:Sillyos 3419:Sidussa 3359:Pteleum 3324:Plarasa 3319:Pladasa 3304:Pisilis 3289:Phyteia 3284:Physcus 3274:Phocaea 3234:Passala 3224:Parsada 3189:Ortygia 3179:Oroanna 3079:Motella 3074:Mostene 3069:Mossyna 3064:Mokolda 3059:Mobolla 3049:Miletus 2994:Maiboza 2974:Madnasa 2944:Lobolda 2919:Lebedus 2904:Larymna 2874:Lankena 2869:Lamyana 2839:Kyllene 2824:Korakoe 2789:Kildara 2689:Hypaepa 2609:Harpasa 2554:Euromus 2544:Euhippe 2529:Etsyena 2509:Ephesus 2499:Embatum 2484:Eiokome 2444:Dioclea 2334:Ceramus 2324:Cedreae 2244:Bonitai 2234:Birgena 2209:Bargasa 2199:Aurokra 2154:Astyria 2049:Anineta 2024:Amorium 2019:Amnista 1989:Aizanoi 1959:Acmonia 1831:Nampigi 1754:Kinalua 1736:Kinalua 1657:Hilakku 1598:Kammanu 1583:Šinuḫtu 1578:Ḫubišna 948:pp. 5–6 711:Gallery 664:Taharqa 636:Aramaic 600:of the 497:citadel 421:Assyria 413:Cilicia 361:Aramaic 357:Ya'diya 227:History 205:Mitanni 201:Hittite 8036:Zeugma 7986:Sam'al 7946:Harran 7931:Edessa 7911:Çayönü 7826:Tynada 7816:Tyinda 7721:Tarsus 7706:Takina 7701:Syedra 7681:Solyma 7661:Simena 7651:Sidyma 7636:Sibyla 7586:Sebeda 7556:Rhosus 7451:Patara 7416:Ouerbe 7396:Öküzlü 7381:Olbasa 7351:Nauloi 7331:Mylios 7296:Moatra 7250:Manava 7230:Mallus 7190:Limyra 7110:Kibyra 7105:Keraia 7015:Iotape 7010:Idyros 6935:Etenna 6930:Erymna 6850:Cremna 6825:Conana 6810:Comama 6660:Arsada 6655:Arneae 6560:Andeda 6540:Amelas 6487:Zeleia 6477:Urisio 6447:Traron 6432:Tipaso 6417:Terbos 6357:Sestos 6337:Scylla 6282:Rhebas 6182:Placia 6172:Pionia 6162:Philia 6157:Phiela 6097:Parium 6082:Panion 6072:Paesus 6062:Pactya 6022:Nerola 5802:Kampos 5752:Hieria 5717:Halone 5687:Gergis 5652:Elaeus 5632:Drabus 5602:Delkos 5527:Cressa 5497:Cobrys 5492:Clitae 5477:Chryse 5447:Charax 5417:Cardia 5402:Callum 5372:Brunca 5252:Artace 5247:Arisba 5227:Argiza 5217:Apsoda 5187:Amycus 5122:Abydos 5099:Tushpa 5074:Dadima 5026:Zizima 5011:Vasada 4971:Tavium 4951:Soanda 4936:Sibora 4921:Sedasa 4906:Sasima 4886:Pyrgoi 4876:Pteria 4871:Posala 4861:Pithoi 4856:Pissia 4846:Phlara 4841:Pharax 4821:Pedaia 4791:Ochras 4776:Nitazi 4761:Myrika 4736:Mnizus 4731:Mistea 4696:Lystra 4691:Limnae 4650:Korama 4640:Kobara 4575:Homana 4565:Herpha 4530:Eulepa 4380:Campae 4355:Barate 4340:Atenia 4320:Armaxa 4290:Aralla 4142:Satala 4127:Samuha 4107:Potami 4067:Patara 4062:Oxinas 4037:Mokata 4007:Kelesa 3987:Hyssus 3932:Garius 3922:Eusene 3902:Elaeus 3877:Cromna 3872:Cromen 3862:Cratia 3832:Cizari 3787:Cabira 3777:Bonita 3762:Armene 3737:Amasia 3679:Tymnos 3674:Tymion 3634:Tomara 3594:Thebes 3549:Temnos 3519:Tabala 3499:Syneta 3494:Synaus 3489:Symbra 3459:Stadia 3444:Smyrna 3389:Sardis 3379:Pyrrha 3374:Pyrnus 3369:Pygela 3364:Pydnae 3349:Priene 3314:Pitane 3299:Pinara 3294:Pidasa 3254:Pepuza 3249:Peltae 3244:Pedasa 3174:Olymos 3169:Olaeis 3144:Notion 3139:Nisyra 3094:Myrina 3089:Myndus 3054:Mylasa 3019:Meiros 3004:Malene 2949:Loryma 2929:Leucae 2924:Leimon 2914:Latmus 2859:Lagina 2834:Kouara 2829:Koresa 2819:Koraia 2809:Knidos 2774:Kaunos 2759:Kasara 2744:Kadyie 2739:Iskome 2724:Ioudda 2589:Glauke 2564:Euxine 2514:Erines 2504:Emoddi 2479:Eibeos 2434:Didyma 2419:Daldis 2394:Conium 2379:Claros 2364:Cindye 2344:Choria 2304:Carura 2294:Carene 2264:Bruzus 2259:Briula 2224:Beudos 2204:Bageis 2174:Attuda 2124:Arilla 2054:Annaea 2039:Amyzon 2014:Almura 2004:Alinda 1931:Aegean 1877:Hamath 1869:Hamath 1859:Shuksi 1846:Luhuti 1808:Guzana 1772:Sam'al 1720:states 1677:Marqas 1669:Gurgum 1662: 1624:Samsat 1616:Kummuh 1568:Tuwana 1547:states 1545:Luwian 1473:Sam'al 1372: 1364: 1320: 1302:Maarav 1152: 654:, and 652:Berlin 642:, and 444:Denyen 429:Denyen 379:steles 364:Ya'udi 353:Yādiya 258:Aleppo 254:Yamhad 213:Luwian 188:Sam'al 180:Turkey 133:Length 82:Turkey 69:Sam'al 8031:Urshu 8026:Urima 8016:Tille 8006:Sitai 7881:Amida 7806:Trysa 7666:Sinda 7606:Selge 7526:Pogla 7461:Perga 7386:Olbia 7326:Mylae 7311:Morka 7276:Meloë 7205:Lyrbe 7200:Lycae 7195:Lissa 7165:Lamos 7160:Lagbe 7145:Korma 7050:Issus 6995:Holmi 6975:Halae 6955:Gagae 6820:Comba 6790:Choma 6765:Casae 6725:Bubon 6715:Baris 6695:Aulae 6685:Augai 6645:Arima 6635:Araxa 6530:Agrae 6525:Aegae 6515:Adada 6412:Tenba 6387:Sykai 6257:Prusa 6232:Prepa 6067:Paeon 5982:Narco 5957:Modra 5917:Lygos 5907:Linus 5887:Libum 5882:Liada 5852:Kypra 5827:Koila 5817:Kepos 5807:Kassa 5777:Kabia 5692:Germa 5612:Deris 5507:Colla 5407:Calpe 5362:Bolos 5302:Baris 5267:Assos 5212:Aprus 5182:Ammoi 5167:Ainos 5152:Agora 5084:Melid 5021:Zeita 5001:Tynna 4996:Tyana 4916:Sbida 4831:Perta 4826:Peium 4786:Nyssa 4716:Meloë 4655:Koron 4540:Germa 4485:Doara 4475:Derbe 4435:Corna 4415:Cinna 4335:Astra 4265:Anisa 4057:Ophis 4047:Nerik 4002:Karza 3992:Ibora 3792:Cales 3747:Ancon 3624:Tisna 3599:Thera 3514:Tabae 3509:Syrna 3454:Spore 3409:Setae 3309:Pisye 3194:Otrus 3124:Naxia 3109:Nasos 2964:Lyrna 2959:Lydae 2954:Lunda 2749:Kaira 2729:Ipsus 2714:Idyma 2704:Iasos 2669:Hydas 2664:Hydai 2614:Helos 2574:Gerga 2534:Euaza 2494:Eluza 2489:Elaea 2439:Digda 2289:Canae 2284:Caloe 2184:Aulae 2169:Attea 2129:Aroma 2099:Appia 2044:Anaua 1984:Airai 1979:Aegae 1836:Halab 1826:Arpad 1647:Adana 1606:Melid 1573:Atuna 1563:Tabal 1555:Tabal 1370:S2CID 1318:S2CID 407:from 405:Adana 359:, in 274:Zalpa 136:40 ha 7921:Dara 7781:Tlos 7696:Syca 7691:Sura 7676:Soli 7641:Side 7376:Olba 7366:Nisa 7336:Myra 7035:Isba 7000:Hyia 6895:Dias 6860:Crya 6457:Troy 6377:Soka 6117:Pege 6052:Orni 5617:Desa 5487:Cius 4961:Sora 4781:Nora 4580:Hyde 4182:Tium 4087:Pida 3782:Boon 3564:Teos 3529:Taza 3434:Sion 3159:Odon 3104:Nais 3099:Myus 2709:Iaza 2414:Cyme 2274:Cadi 2029:Amos 1999:Alia 1634:Quwê 1438:2009 1405:2023 1362:ISSN 1150:ISBN 1127:2021 1097:2009 1087:2011 1077:2013 1002:2021 931:p. 2 887:2021 487:and 425:Quwê 409:Quwê 203:and 125:Type 7626:Sia 6032:Oka 5767:Ide 5049:Ani 3892:Dia 3684:Ula 3449:Soa 2849:Kys 1354:doi 1310:doi 1268:doi 355:or 310:by 182:'s 8053:: 1368:. 1360:. 1350:75 1348:. 1344:. 1330:^ 1316:. 1306:23 1304:. 1262:. 955:^ 892:^ 707:. 650:, 638:, 593:. 524:. 462:. 80:, 6463:) 6459:( 1915:e 1908:t 1901:v 1528:e 1521:t 1514:v 1376:. 1356:: 1324:. 1312:: 1274:. 1270:: 1264:7 1248:" 333:) 327:( 322:) 318:( 304:.

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