503:
become afloat, the biomass have enough 'food'—the nutrients—stored in their roots and their life continues. What is happening now, according to local scientists who are studying the phenomena, is that with continuous high water in the lake throughout the year much of this process of 'feeding' on the nutrient in the lakebed had discontinued. The result—the biomass are losing weight and getting thinner by the year. Around
January last week in 1999, it was reported that a large chunk of the biomass in the northern part of National Park had broken up into pieces and had drifted freely from the park area. This was a bad sign for the sangai habitat. It spelled out very clearly that the beginning of the end of the sangai habitat had begun. There are reports of local people cutting up the phumdi into sizable pieces and then towing away these with dugout canoe for 'selling' to fish culture owners. This is another potential danger to the sangai habitat. It meant humans are now aiding the process of annihilating the habitat area, supplementing to the rapid degeneration of the habitat.
458:
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deer, the forward protruding beam appears to come out from the eyebrow. The antlers of the opposite sides are unsymmetrical with respect to each other. The beams are unbranched initially whereas curvature increases as length increases and they get forked also. The sexes are moderately dimorphic in body size and weight. The height and weight of a fully grown stag may be approximately 115–125 cm at shoulder and 95 to 110 kg (210 to 230 lb) respectively. The height and weight of the female are shorter and less as compared to the male counterpart. The length of the body from the base to the ear up to the tail is about 145 to 155 cm in both sexes. The tail is short and rump patch is not pronounced.
333:, etc. are the favorite food plants of sangai. Feeding behavior of sangai can be easily seen over new shoots on freshly cut fire line area. It exhibits a bimodal activity pattern. Sangai starts grazing usually early morning approximately 4:30 am and generally continue up to 8:00 am. On cloudy morning the period may extend to 10:00 am. In the evening it starts at 3:00 pm and continue up to 6:00 pm. After feeding it takes rest. During day time it rests under thick and tall reeds and grasses. At night some of them even rest on the hillocks.
349:
360:. Based on a popular folk legend, the sangai is interpreted as the binding soul between humans and the nature. The slaying of the sangai, an unpardonable sin, is conceived as the rude breaking up of the cordial relationship between humans and the nature. When humans love and respect the sangai, it is respecting nature. In the sangai, therefore, humans find a way of expressing their love for the nature. Socially, the sangai is the symbol of a prized possession of the state.
69:
31:
339:
Rutting takes place in the early spring months between
February and May. Males compete with each other to gain control of a harem of females that they can then mate with. After a 220- to 240-day-long gestation period, normally a single calf is born. The young are spotted at birth; these spots fade as
298:
490:
In 1983 the 103 megawatt capacity
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Loktak was commissioned with the objective of ensuring rapid development in the State. A maximum high water level of 168.5 meters (553 ft) above mean sea level (MSL) is maintained in the Loktak Lake to feed the reservoir
502:
The life-cycle of the phumdi involves floating on the water surface during season of high water as in the monsoons. In the lean season, when the water level reduces, the biomass come into contact with the lake bed and they secure the required nutrient from there. When the rains come again and they
475:
The sangai was believed to be almost extinct by 1950. However, in 1953 six heads of the sangai were found hovering at its natural habitat. Since then, the State
Government has taken serious and positive measures for the protection of this rare and endangered species. The number of endangered deer
293:
The brow-antlered deer is a medium-sized deer, with uniquely distinctive antlers, measuring 100–110 cm. in length with extremely long brow tine, which form the main beam. The two tines form a continuous curve at right angles to the closely set pedicels. This signifies its name, brow-antlered
277:
Phumdi is the most important and unique part of the habitat. It is the floating mass of vegetation formed by the accumulation of organic debris and biomass with soil. Its thickness varies from few centimeter to two meters. The humus of phumdi is black in color and very spongy with large number of
371:"in awaiting") was coined from its peculiar posture and behaviour while running. By nature, the deer, particularly the males, even when running for its life stops occasionally and looks back as if he is waiting for someone and hence the name.
476:
sangai found in
Manipur has increased from 204 in 2013 to 260, according to the latest census conducted in March 2016 jointly by Wildlife Wing, Forest department, State government, Manipur University and Wildlife Institute of India.
457:
432:
clan had, by the grace of a divine entity, transformed himself into a deer which has later on called sangai. Further, there were references of sangai head with crown of antlers, being decorated on the head of royal boat called
440:
Identified as one of the rarest animal species in the entire world, the sangai is the apple of the eye for the people. Talk of
Manipur, and one of the first things to introduce the state is the sangai, other than
479:
The sangai faces a two-pronged danger to its life. Firstly, its habitat is steadily degenerating by reason of continuous inundation and flooding by high water caused as the result of artificial reservoir of the
274:. It is located between 24°27' N and 24°31' N latitude and 93°53' E and 93°55' E longitudes. The park covers an area of 40 km and the home range of the deer in the park is confined to 15–20 km.
285:
was only 14 in 1975. After the declaration of the area as a national park and with strict conservation measures taken up by the Forest
Department, the fear of its extinction has been greatly reduced.
499:, upon which the sangai thrives. The deer feed on several types of vegetation that grow on the phumdi. The vegetation also provides shelter to the deer and other wildlife in the park.
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495:. The high water level, maintained continuously through the year, had disturbed the natural life cycle of the vegetation growth, the
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or the dancing deer is found in its natural habitat only at Keibul Lamjao
National Park over the floating biomass locally called
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Gray, T.N.E.; Brook, S.M.; McShea, W.J.; Mahood, S.; Ranjitsingh, M.K.; Miyunt, A.; Hussain, S.A.; Timmins, R. (2015).
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the animal grows. The young are weaned at 7 months of age, and becomes sexually mature from 18 months of age onwards.
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during an animal hunting expedition. However, as fate would have it, he found his beloved married to the king of
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https://archive.today/20041116135913/http://www.wii.gov.in/publications/newsletter/autumn2003/fromthewild.htm
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487:. Secondly, poachers are out there to trap and slay the deer at the slightest opportunity.
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Sangai feed on a variety of water living plants, grasses, herbaceous plants, and shoots.
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Culturally, the sangai finds itself embedded deep into the legends and folklore of the
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or Eld's deer. Its original natural habitat is the floating marshy grasslands of the
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763:"Forest Dept makes first documentary on Sangai: 01st may18 ~ E-Pao! Headlines"
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on his return. The heartbroken hero released the deer free in the wild of
837:
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illustration of Sangai deer (Cervus eldi eldi) pleading to save him from
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Kadeng
Thangjahanba and Tonu Laijinglembi § Accounts for Sangai deer
150:
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100:
898:
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741:"The Return of Sangai George Thengummoottil | Documentary Film Editor"
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for the hydel project. This high water level had wreaked havoc in the
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240:. It is also the state animal of Manipur. Its common English name is
110:
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814:
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sangai from
Torbung Lamjao for a gift to his beloved ladylove named
347:
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The sangai has a maximum lifespan in the wild of around 10 years.
296:
237:
885:
442:
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417:. From that time onwards the place became the home of sangai.
252:, which is the largest freshwater lake in South Asia.
827:
790:E-Pao.net - A Cry in the Wilderness - Salam Rajesh
571:"Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Sangai"
645:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T4265A22166803.en
228:) is an endemic and endangered subspecies of
8:
278:pores. It floats with 4/5 part under water.
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810:Documentary on Sangai by Forest Department
29:
20:
643:
679:Thamin or Brow-antlered Deer Cervus eldi
482:National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
456:
561:
248:, located in the southern parts of the
595:"Symbols of Manipur- knowindia.gov.in"
363:It is believed that the name sangai (
7:
631:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
660:"Sangai population up - The Hindu"
14:
281:The number of deer listed in the
67:
428:, a prince named Pudangkoi of
1:
569:Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006).
352:Sangai male with newborn fawn
470:being killed by human beings
270:in the southeastern part of
545:Keibul Lamjao National Park
521:Keibul Lamjao National Park
493:Keibul Lamjao National Park
246:Keibul Lamjao National Park
987:
378:
242:Manipur brow-antlered deer
222:pronunciation: /sə.ŋai/) (
193:
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64:Scientific classification
62:
46:
37:
28:
23:
531:- a children's movie by
447:Manipuri classical dance
385:According to a story in
344:Sangai in Meitei society
256:Distribution and habitat
723:"Sangai population up"
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353:
306:
698:"State Animal Sangai"
517:George Thengummoottil
460:
351:
300:
829:Rucervus eldii eldii
638:: e.T4265A22166803.
515:is a documentary by
513:The Return of Sangai
453:Danger of extinction
449:, sports and films.
420:In another story in
318:Tripidium bengalense
303:Rucervus eldii eldii
289:Biology and behavior
225:Rucervus eldii eldii
197:Rucervus eldii eldii
859:Panolia eldii eldii
601:on 12 November 2013
395:Kadeng Thangjahanba
40:Conservation status
971:Symbols of Manipur
805:Brow antlered deer
684:2009-03-26 at the
533:Aribam Syam Sharma
473:
375:In Meitei folklore
354:
330:Erianthus ravennae
324:Erianthus procerus
307:
262:brow-antlered deer
16:Subspecies of deer
948:
947:
821:Taxon identifiers
575:dsal.uchicago.edu
528:Paari (2000 film)
407:Tonu Laijinglembi
391:Manipuri folklore
312:Zizania latifolia
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961:Mammals of India
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597:. Archived from
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466:popular cultural
401:once captured a
393:), a hero named
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179:R. e. eldii
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795:Save the Sangai
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784:External links
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751:on 2018-01-22.
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729:. 13 May 2016.
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668:. 13 May 2016.
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624:Rucervus eldii
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367:"animal" and
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49:Not evaluated
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770:. Retrieved
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749:the original
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706:. Retrieved
702:the original
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435:Hiyang Hiren
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173:Subspecies:
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121:Artiodactyla
18:
853:Wikispecies
272:Loktak Lake
250:Loktak Lake
137:Subfamily:
955:Categories
772:2023-04-15
708:2014-06-17
605:20 January
580:2022-07-28
556:References
550:Eld's deer
523:and Sangai
230:Eld's deer
205:McClelland
767:e-pao.net
727:The Hindu
665:The Hindu
358:Manipuris
159:Species:
87:Kingdom:
81:Eukaryota
966:Cervines
925:14200434
886:13033035
844:Q5478498
838:Wikidata
682:Archived
539:See also
301:Sangai (
152:Rucervus
141:Cervinae
131:Cervidae
127:Family:
111:Mammalia
101:Chordata
97:Phylum:
91:Animalia
77:Domain:
54:IUCN 3.1
899:7261382
426:Manipur
411:Moirang
399:Moirang
234:Manipur
207:, 1842)
147:Genus:
117:Order:
107:Class:
52: (
24:Sangai
938:178739
912:898570
519:about
497:phumdi
485:Loktak
463:Meitei
445:, its
430:Luwang
403:gravid
267:phumdi
220:Meitei
216:sangai
873:5KYBR
507:Films
238:India
933:NCBI
907:ITIS
894:GBIF
636:2015
607:2014
443:polo
369:ngai
260:The
214:The
920:MSW
881:EoL
868:CoL
640:doi
424:of
397:of
315:,
957::
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461:A
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365:sa
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
