1893:) attacked Manila and burned it to the ground. He retreated later to other places around the Luzon coast, where his forces continued killing and looting. Some of them stayed in the Philippines such as Limahong's male lover Eng Kang who later became the godson of the Spanish governor and renamed as Juan Baptista de Vera, allowing him to assimilate and partake in Philippine society without fear of consequences from Spanish authorities. Some crew of Limahang settled down and had children with native Indios. Many Sangleys, like Limahong and Eng Kang, had traditional homosexual relationships with either other Sangleys or native Indios. The Spanish, who themselves has racist views towards the Sangleys or Chinese, wanted to expel all Sangleys from the Philippines for a long time. After learning of the Sangley traditional homosexual bond system, the Spanish, especially the clergy, weaponized it to justify the massacre of many Sangley male lovers, with the intention of clearing the Philippines from any Sangleys.
1788:
2703:
2231:
2044:(Chinese ships). The Spanish galleon trade was mainly a business affair involving Spanish officials in Manila, Mexico and Spain, and Chinese traders from Xiamen. The highly lucrative galleon trade carried few products originating from the Philippine islands or involving resident domestic traders. The trade was so profitable that Mexican silver became an unofficial currency of Southern China; an estimated one-third of silver mined from the Americas flowed into China during that period. The Spanish galleons also transported Filipino crew and militia men to the Americas, among which were many Sangleys; Some of them chose to settle in Mexico,
1910:
1938:
1802:
2593:
2027:
168:
2568:
2927:. During less severe rain and in the hot summers, the sliding windows could be opened to allow greater circulation of air and more light into the house. When illuminated at night, such houses resemble giant Chinese lanterns. The stone/brick-and-wood house became so widespread throughout the islands that this Chinese-Filipino merchant's house came to be known as the "colonial Filipino" style.
66:
1154:
1706:
25:
255:
1902:
2217:
1841:. The Spanish colonization of the Philippines required more skilled laborers and they recruited Chinese immigrants. The economy became highly dependent upon the Chinese for their economic role as traders and artisans. Most of the Chinese living in the Manila area settled in a place called the Parían near
2516:
migrated to
Central Luzon, Cebu, Iloilo, Negros and Cavite to handle the domestic trade of the islands. From trading, they branched out into landleasing, moneylending and later landholding. With wealth, they gained the ability to give their children elite education at the best schools in the islands
2249:
differently, fearing them as enemy aliens who posed a security threat due to their number. To protect their precarious position, the
Spaniards enacted policies designed to control the residents of the islands by means of racial segregation and cultural assimilation, such as limiting the number of
1863:
The mainland
Chinese has historically had racist views towards people from the Philippines, who they refer as savages. This view intensified after the Spanish colonized the archipelago, where the people, including Spanish officials, were referred by the Chinese as "xiao xiyang" or barbarians. In
1855:
developed. Although the colonial government never required them to adopt
Spanish surnames, in many cases they chose to change their Chinese names. They adopted names such as Lopez, Jalandoni, Palanca, Paterno, Rizal, Laurel, Osmeña, etc., or used a kind of transliteration and Spanish phonetic
2332:
1955:
special rights and privileges as colonial subjects of the
Spanish Crown and as baptized converts to the Catholic Church. They were given preference to handle the domestic trade of the islands. In addition, they were allowed to lease land from the friar estates through the
1573:
literally means "mixed-race (person) of business," it implies a "mixed-race (person) of
Chinese and indigenous/Indio (Filipino) descent" because many early Chinese immigrants were traders and intermixed with the local population. Outside the Philippines, the Spanish word
2070:-Manila trade in the 18th century, it was chiefly the Spanish-controlled Manila-Acapulco trade that sustained the colony for much of the period. When the trade ended with the last ship's sailing in 1815, the Spaniards needed new sources of revenue. With the
1625:
ancestry, who were fewer in number. Their Indio ancestry (generally on the maternal side) made the
Chinese mestizos be granted the legal status of colonial subjects of Spain, with certain rights and privileges denied to the pure-blooded Chinese immigrants
2662:
in Cebu, that accepted all types of students, regardless of race, gender or financial status in the case of primary grade instruction. In 1863, the
Spanish government established a modern system of free public education, the first of its kind in Asia.
2618:
were among the
Spanish settlers in the colony. With the help of the colonial government, religious orders built traditional stone-and-brick churches throughout the islands in the Spanish or Mexican Baroque style. Constructed within the walled-city of
1975:
extended loans to farmers, who in exchange for cash, pawned their land with the option of buying it back. In the event of default, the moneylender recovered the loan by foreclosing on the land from the farmer. Many local farmers lost their lands to
2207:
traders in the
Philippines. By the 1870s, the economic dominance of the British and American merchants and their Chinese trading partners was said by some observers to turn the Philippines into an "Anglo-Chinese Colony under the Spanish Flag".
2934:
synthesized a hybrid culture incorporating Hispanic and European influences with both indigenous and Asian elements. In fashion, cuisine, design and architecture, a distinctive style emerged, especially among the wealthier segment. As the
1860:, for example: Lacson, Landicho, Laoinco, Biazon, Gaspar, Tuazon, Ongpin, Yuchengco, Quebengco, Cojuangco, Cuyegkeng, Goquilay, Yaptinchay, Yuchenco, Yupangco, Sylianco, Tanchanco, Tiongson, Tanbengco, Tanjuatco, Locsin, Tetangco, etc.
2947:
held feasts to commemorate baptisms, weddings, funerals and processions. As the 19th century drew to a close, the colonial Spanish empire in the Philippines was defeated by the rising Western empire of the United States following the
2405:
in Tondo mirrored these trends. Spanish military commanders publicly expressed a preference for mestizo regiments over native militias, enraging Filipino indio elites and requiring a deft negotiation of the political realities in
3500:
Edward Slack, "Arming Chinese Mestizos in Manila: The Regimiento de Mestizos "Real Príncipe" of Tondo during the Late Eighteenth Century", Paper to be given 10 Jan 2010, American Historical Association Conference, accessed 16 Dec
1925:
earned their livelihood as carpenters, tailors, cobblers, locksmiths, masons, metalsmiths, weavers, bakers, carvers and other skilled craftsmen. As metalsmiths, they helped to build the Spanish galleons in shipyards located in
1235:
Generally, Sangley is usually believed or purported to literally mean "merchant traveler" or "frequent visitor." According to Go Bon Juan, the most commonly accepted version is usually that the term "sangley" comes from the
3481:
2431:
classes in Latin American and the Philippines. When colonial authorities accepted them into the militias and armed them, it was in recognition of their rising social position and integration into the colonial economies.
2742:
from their role as the domestic traders of the islands. Although officially under Spanish rule, cosmopolitan Binondo became the semi-official capital of an "Anglo-Chinese colony" in the late 19th-century Philippines.
1564:
The majority of Chinese sojourners, traders, and settlers in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period came from southern Fujian and spoke Hokkien, leaving their mark on Filipino culture (especially the
2918:
In contrast to the typical stone-and-brick Spanish colonial houses, this style of residence was better suited to the tropical environment of the islands. It was more flexible, so could better withstand frequent
2923:. The steep roofs with overhanging eaves provided shelter against rain and storms, and added to the sense of openness and space connecting the interior and exterior. These helped shield residents from seasonal
1550:
Throughout these islands they call the Chinese 'Sangleyes', meaning 'a people who come and go,' on account of their habit of coming annually to these islands to trade, or, as they say there, 'the regular
2698:
expressed religious devotion with processions marking important occasions, such as the Feast of La Naval de Manila, commemorating the naval victory of the Spanish over the Dutch off Manila Bay in 1646.
2959:, were referred to as "little brown Americans". The Philippines was made a protectorate in relation to the United States, with the residents given special status but not U.S. citizenship at the time.
3768:
2142:
From the late 18th century through much of the 19th century, the Spanish encouraged development of tobacco as another commodity crop, controlling it as a monopoly. Cultivation was concentrated in
2119:
had been displaced from tobacco marketing as the Spanish established their monopoly. Some wholesale and retail traders converted their capital into larger landholdings. They developed sugar
1793:
2559:. He was among those who called for reforms in the administration of the colony, integration as a province of Spain, and political representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes.
1752:
Male Chinese traders and workers came during the colonial period, most of whom intermarried with native women. The Spanish government classified the anyone who had ancestry from China as
2722:
merchants entered the island's economy, which was being integrated into the global trading system. The Spaniards tended to be more isolated from the new urban environment. They lived in
2528:. These subjects were granted Spanish citizenship, thus acquiring legal equality in the Philippines with Spanish-born Spaniards. Toward the end of Spanish rule in the 19th century, the
5302:
2915:. On the outside, sliding wooden shutters could cover the windows for another layer of privacy and ventilation control. This area has been designated as an historic district.
1787:
1516:, merchant.) adj. Name that in ancient times was given in the Philippines to Chinese merchants, and that later became generic to those of this race residing in those islands.
3761:
2807:. They used indigenous ingredients and Spanish names to improvise what became part of an evolving creole Filipino cuisine. During the 19th century, noodle shops called
2166:
The increase in the late 19th century of British and American commercial interests in Manila coincided with the British founding of a network of treaty port-cities in
2245:
to both supply the labor and manage the colonial economy of the islands. However, after the attacks of the Chinese pirate Limahong, the Spanish colonists viewed the
1505:, mercader.) adj. Nombre que en lo antiguo se dio en Filipinas a los mercaderes chinos, y que luego se hizo genérico de los de esta raza residentes en aquellas islas
3925:
2702:
3240:
2939:
prospered from trading, they built the first and in many cases the only stone-and-wood houses in the countryside. Like other rising elites, they created forms of
4617:
3754:
1089:'Sangley) Langlang (pc) this is what the elderlies called Sangleys when they came with them'. This has long fallen out of use except in food such as
1582:) is normally used to refer to persons of mixed European and non-European ancestry, but the lower number of European mestizos in the Philippines made the term
1269:'business', which is consistent with the business background of the early Chinese in the Philippines. According to Saul Hofileña Jr on the history of
5292:
1727:
is a term that arose during Spanish colonization of the Philippines, where circumstances were different from colonial settlement of the Americas. During the
915:
2389:
began to markedly improved their position. After the violence and turmoil of the Spanish expulsion of Chinese-Filipino population for having sided with the
428:
5019:
4278:
2627:
was the first stone church built in the archipelago. It became the spiritual center of Christianity in the Philippines, and also in Asia. The remains of
2093:
and the consequent expansion of the global economy, the Spaniards decided to open up the Philippines to foreign trade. They appointed Governor-General
3138:
2381:
Contemporary 21st century historians have studied demographic and social changes in the Philippines during this period. They note the changes in how
1848:
The Spanish encouraged those China traders to convert to Catholicism. Many of the Chinese men married native women, and over time the multi-cultural
4540:
535:
entered the Philippines as traders prior to Spanish colonization. Many emigrated to the Philippines, establishing concentrated communities first in
3608:(1609/1907), (Translated and Annotated in English), Ed. E.H. Blair and J.A. Robertson, J.A. (editors). Cleveland, Ohio: The Arthur H. Clark Company
2203:, legalizing and liberalizing Chinese emigration, which had been illegal since the Ming dynasty. This led to a rapid increase in the population of
4416:
2230:
3039:
2904:-wood structural beams to frame the two-story house. Walls were formed of brick coated with plaster. Sliding window panels made with translucent
5115:
4648:
4611:
2998:
1348:
4607:
3224:
2071:
1622:
1317:'traveling merchant', which Go Bon Juan considered "a rather literal term uncommon among early Chinese in the Philippines", although
3591:
2686:
who served as an altar boy in the Binondo Church (which has since been named after him). Established by the Spanish Dominicans for Catholic
5170:
4570:
3678:
1728:
3570:
189:
2955:
Following the war, the United States took possession of the Philippines and influenced its culture in turn. The Filipinos, including the
3918:
2447:
grew rapidly over the years as more Chinese male immigrants arrived, converted to Catholicism, settled in Binondo and intermarried with
2074:
resulting in the loss of Spain's colonies in the Americas, the Spanish government quickly lost its position of pre-eminence amongst the
1532:
751:
5242:
4838:
4560:
3437:
Cruikshank, Bruce (1982). "Review of The Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines: Bureaucratic Enterprise and Social Change, 1776-1880".
5104:
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229:
211:
149:
52:
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and tobacco, in 1834 the Spanish allowed both non-Spanish Westerners and Chinese immigrants to settle anywhere in the islands. The
1775:
due to his partial Chinese ancestry. But he also had indigenous, Japanese, and Spanish ancestors, and he asked to be classified as
2886:(meaning "where sangleys live"), prosperous Chinese-Filipino merchants built stone-and-wood houses (really brick and wood) called
2101:
monopoly in the Philippines, though with much help from other Spanish interests and reliance on Filipino local elites, called the
1909:
3822:
3281:
1713:
1694:
440:
2149:
With the opening of the colony to foreign trade in 1834, Western merchants established import/export and financial companies in
2610:
From the beginning of the colonial period in the Philippines, the Spanish administration had the goal of converting natives to
1408:
1257:
1067:
2274:
4906:
4271:
3911:
3648:
2731:
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mestizo economic power increased in conjunction with its social and political clout. The formation of auxiliary units called
1876:
87:
455:
also known as Chinese mestizos, which are mixed descendants of Sangley Chinese and native Filipinos. Chinese mestizos were
5227:
4624:
2647:
2180:
3542:
1737:, explorers, missionaries, and soldiers) settled there. For decades most Spanish men made liaisons and intermarried with
4973:
4818:
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4754:
4666:
4462:
4457:
4447:
4339:
3517:
2691:
1937:
364:
4489:
5121:
4988:
3970:
3601:
2651:
1801:
1270:
1221:
759:
526:
130:
4194:
4165:
4083:
1524:, Diccionario de filipinismos, con la revisión de lo que al respecto lleva publicado la Real academia española (1921)
1400:
182:
176:
2592:
2567:
102:
5272:
5165:
5144:
5082:
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4983:
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4785:
4501:
4437:
4406:
4385:
4375:
4094:
3623:
2628:
2624:
2085:
when it became independent in 1821, Spain took over direct control of the Philippines. It had been governed by the
2026:
1559:, Relacion y Descripciones de las Islas Filipinas ("Relation and Description of the Filipinas Islands", circa 1576)
1412:
717:
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took advantage of the rapid changes as the colonial economy was integrated into the markets of the Western world.
1901:
76:
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5072:
5051:
5046:
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4722:
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193:
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5056:
5014:
5009:
4801:
4676:
4530:
4496:
4452:
4432:
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2659:
2646:
The Spanish colonial government established schools and colleges run mostly by religious orders, including the
2390:
2366:
During the 17th century, the Spaniards carried out four great massacres and expulsions against the unconverted
2328:, as they did not officially sanction marriages among subjects that were performed outside the Catholic Church.
109:
83:
38:
3727:
3668:
2355:; none would recant their Christian beliefs. Long venerated in the Philippines, he later was beatified by the
2502:
From the 18th century until the latter half of the 19th century, Spanish authorities came to depend upon the
5149:
5139:
4780:
4775:
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4380:
4344:
4318:
4313:
3420:
3398:
3375:
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2640:
2604:
2586:
2394:
2235:
2034:
1945:
1281:. According to Go Bon Juan, Hofileña had apparently based this on the pronunciation of the word "trader" in
5237:
5004:
4484:
4349:
3721:
3043:
2555:, arose as an intellectual from the relatively wealthy, middle-class, Spanish-educated Filipinos known as
875:
2726:, where Hispanic Catholicism dominated the walled city. The rapid urbanization elsewhere transformed the
2370:
usually generated from real or imagined fears of an imminent invasion from China. In the aftermath, many
116:
5215:
3937:
3066:
2639:(who was killed during Limahong's siege) were interred in that church. The church was sacked during the
4189:
4078:
3127:[Sangley) Langlang (pc) this is what the elderlies called Sangleyes when they came with them]
2521:
2089:
or Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico) during much of the colonial period. Coinciding with the advent of
1407:, which also contains the probable earliest romanization of Japan as "Iapon." It is said that the late
2040:
As the Spanish galleons carried mostly Chinese luxury goods destined for Europe, Mexicans called them
4901:
4473:
4036:
3688:
3679:
Monroy, Emily. (23 August 2002) "Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines"
3120:
3098:. New York: Southeast Asia Program of Cornell University & Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
2730:
of Binondo into a thriving commercial district within an expanding urban core. The overseas Chinese (
2200:
2146:, where the Spanish relied on the principalía to have their workers produce and deliver the tobacco.
1756:
regardless of their ethnic makeup. Their mixed-race descendants with native women were classified as
1682:
1618:
1072:
867:
referring to both Filipinos with Chinese ancestry, and Chinese people in general. It is derived from
710:
620:
360:
344:
328:
3578:
3301:
2094:
98:
5264:
5210:
4823:
4727:
4671:
4642:
4635:
4601:
4594:
4099:
3747:
3621:
The Language of the Sangleys: A Chinese Vernacular in Missionary Sources of the Seventeenth Century
3592:(2006) "The Colonial Imaginary. Photography in the Philippines during the Spanish Period 1860–1898"
1833:
1825:
1529:
1361:
1084:
999:
832:
721:
646:
484:
356:
332:
312:
1884:
1463:
1433:
1380:
1331:
1302:
1250:
1193:
1117:
1038:
940:
592:
5297:
5175:
4935:
4717:
4697:
4692:
4565:
3585:
3462:
3454:
3234:
3132:
2912:
2499:
dropped from a high of 25,000 prior to the first great massacre of 1603 to below 10,000 by 1850.
2427:
there. While the colonies developed in distinct ways, there were similarities in the rise of the
2301:
a land grant in perpetuity. They were allowed to establish a self-governing organization, called
2012:
1838:
1738:
1556:
1535:
1447:
1420:
1367:
1318:
1237:
1173:
1169:
1141:
1133:
1104:
1025:
706:
576:
490:
316:
292:
280:
2636:
2374:
converted at least nominally to Catholicism, adopted Hispanicized names, and intermarried with
4850:
4811:
4806:
4712:
4629:
4588:
4555:
4522:
4177:
4138:
4061:
4012:
3953:
3885:
3652:
3644:
3521:
3220:
3197:
3072:
2973:
2905:
2879:
2167:
1995:(Amoy); they traveled in armed ships to trade with the Spanish. Chinese luxury goods, such as
1820:
1674:
1666:
1650:
1404:
911:
907:
792:
763:
733:
702:
616:
559:
466:
448:
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288:
3483:
The Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines: Bureaucratic Enterprise and Social Change, 1776–1880
5252:
5247:
5232:
4889:
4707:
4550:
4545:
4479:
4287:
4111:
3995:
3948:
3878:
3832:
3788:
3640:
3446:
3283:
Los filipinismos y otras palabras de Filipinas contenidas en el «Diccionario» de la Academia
3116:
3093:
3008:
2988:
2978:
2746:
Chinese-Filipino merchants dominated the textile industry in Molo and Jaro. Iloilo produced
2719:
2679:
2575:
2348:
2336:
2204:
2063:
1988:
1809:
1678:
1662:
1641:
1635:
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1521:
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1450:
1423:
1370:
1352:
1321:
1282:
1278:
1240:
1229:
1180:
1137:
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1075:
1058:
1028:
988:
927:
868:
821:
612:
579:
532:
510:
473:
444:
432:
352:
336:
308:
304:
284:
4940:
4126:
3499:
3399:"Violence and Imagination: Conquering the Chinese and Creating the Philippines, 1574–16031"
3376:"Violence and Imagination: Conquering the Chinese and Creating the Philippines, 1574–16031"
2524:, the Philippines was granted the status of a Spanish province, with representation in the
627:
in general, albeit some speakers prefer 'Tsino' (see below) due to some perceived informal
543:, then in other cities and settlements throughout the archipelago, historically going from
5222:
5109:
4845:
4828:
4172:
4160:
4056:
4007:
3987:
3672:
3627:
3125:
Sangley) Langlang (pc) anſi llamauan los viejos deſtos ſangleyes cuando venian con ellos
2993:
2632:
2611:
2533:
2423:. At the same time, New Spain created a colonial militia in Latin America, also enrolling
2420:
2356:
2132:
1873:
1617:
differentiated ethnic Chinese from other types of island mestizos (such as those of mixed
1428:
1375:
1345:
1080:
Sangley) Langlang (pc) anſi llamauan los viejos deſtos ſangleyes cuando venian con ellos
725:
518:
340:
324:
4950:
4131:
3737:
3156:
2331:
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3871:
3665:
Thru the Lens of Latin America: A Wide-Angle View of the Philippine Colonial Experience
2983:
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2525:
2020:
2016:
1984:
1153:
624:
504:
462:
436:
320:
3357:"Chinese Merchants, Silver Galleons, and Ethnic Violence in Spanish Manila, 1603–1686"
3333:
2855:
as a staple (and wet-rice agriculture). One result was the local rice porridge called
5286:
4872:
4580:
4155:
4068:
4046:
4041:
4024:
3743:
3636:
3466:
3255:
3215:
Hofileña, Saul (2011). "Sangley Point and the former U.S. Navy Yard in Cavite City".
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2548:
2075:
2008:
1857:
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1225:
608:
123:
993:
901:
4918:
4213:
4208:
4051:
4000:
3975:
3963:
2715:
2694:. It became the center site for the religious rites of the community. The Catholic
2678:
was the official guild chartered to administer community affairs. Born in Binondo,
2352:
2155:. They partnered with Chinese wholesale/retail traders throughout the islands. The
1733:
1054:
44:
3068:
Chinese and Chinese Mestizos of Manila: Family, Identity, and Culture, 1860s-1930s
3192:
Go, Bon Juan (December 23, 2014 – January 19, 2015). "Gems of History: Sangley".
3110:
2892:. These followed some of the tradition of Malay village houses-on-stilts, called
4860:
4201:
4116:
3958:
3934:
2508:
2313:
2222:
2123:
for the new export market, particularly in Central Luzon, and on the islands of
2120:
1972:
1690:
1646:
1396:
1326:
1287:
1245:
1159:
1112:
1062:
1033:
889:
729:
563:
494:
424:
65:
2269:
who did not convert to Catholicism. Circumventing a royal decree outlawing the
4928:
4911:
4882:
4855:
4833:
4220:
4121:
4019:
3613:
Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia
2920:
2796:. As a means of maintaining social stratification, the Spanish prohibited the
2723:
2620:
2615:
2351:
grew up in the early 1600s. He was martyred under torture in Japan with three
2160:
2090:
2049:
1842:
1742:
1705:
864:
826:
820:
is the feminine form of the above, meaning “a young Chinese woman”, also from
780:
is a term derived from Spanish and means “a young Chinese man”, from Spanish:
478:
300:
3201:
2007:
from Mexican and Peruvian mines. Twice a year the galleons sailed across the
1967:
came to acquire many native lands, chiefly through a legal instrument called
3812:
3802:
3717:
3196:. Vol. XXVII, no. 14. Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran, Inc. pp. 5–6.
3013:
2875:(sticky rice,) among others, trace their origins to the Chinese immigrants.
2777:
2666:
Binondo served as the traditional center of community life for the Catholic
2416:
2171:
2045:
2011:
from Manila to Acapulco and back. The goods were later shipped to Spain via
2000:
1009:
976:
897:
714:
628:
348:
296:
2800:
from wearing European-style clothing, as a means of separating the groups.
1395:'frequently comes', which appeared beside "Sangley" labeled in the
3280:
Quilis, Antonio; Casado-Fresnillo, Celia; Quilis-Sanz, María José (1997).
2512:
of the colonial economy. From their concentration in Binondo, Manila, the
4923:
4238:
4029:
3728:
Wickberg, Edgar. (March 1964) "The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History"
3421:
https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:336763/fulltext.pdf
2468:
2415:
The founding of Chinese mestizo regiments in the Philippines was part of
2189:
2175:
1869:
1132:'our people', retains its meaning and is still used primarily in
552:
3903:
3714:
The Philippine Chinese: A Cultural History of A Marginal Trading Company
3620:
2254:
to around 6,000, a measure that was proved soon impossible to maintain.
1991:. Acting as a transshipment port, Manila attracted Chinese traders from
503:(descendants of colonial ethnic Spanish and native-born Filipinos), the
254:
4877:
3662:
3458:
3003:
2968:
2924:
2848:
2464:
2278:
2151:
2143:
2098:
2067:
1590:. For example, Benito Legarda used this definition when talking to the
1177:
872:
548:
456:
2347:
formed a small community of several hundred in Binondo. This is where
1458:
1455:
1415:, had seen this picture and supported this version. Additionally, the
1188:
1185:
964:
961:
935:
932:
881:
724:
of either mixed (whether partial or half or majority descent) or pure
677:
664:
651:
587:
584:
4225:
3632:
3109:
San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613). de Silva, Juan (Don.) (ed.).
2897:
2820:
2804:
2735:
2600:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2262:
2185:
2128:
2082:
2004:
1992:
1927:
1865:
1697:
and Han Chinese ancestry or a person with likewise similar features.
1292:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1013:
849:" is the spelling in Tagalog/Filipino and other Philippine languages.
806:" is the spelling in Tagalog/Filipino and other Philippine languages.
536:
3450:
3356:
2543:
tended to side with the white Spanish colonists during the numerous
2459:
migrated to other areas in the course of work and business, such as
840:
797:
4256:
3321:. New York and Paris: Report of Philippine Commission. p. 127.
1921:
worked as skilled artisans or traders. Aside from shopkeeping, the
3112:
Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero
2752:
2707:
2701:
2492:
2488:
2360:
2330:
2193:
2112:
2108:
2107:
As the subsistence economy shifted to an export crop economy, for
2025:
1936:
1908:
1900:
1852:
1704:
1152:
690:
544:
540:
1767:
As an example, in the late 19th century, the author and activist
2852:
2765:
2480:
2216:
2124:
1996:
1216:
especially as it is also used in historical place names such as
4260:
3907:
3317:
Retana, Wenceslao Emilio (Testimony of Benito Legarda) (1921).
2780:
fiber for heirloom garments. During the late 19th century, the
2159:
shifted to the export crop economy by developing and enlarging
1868:
as the colonial capital of the Philippines, the Chinese pirate
3486:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 197.
1489:
1212:
There are multiple versions of the interpretation on the word
161:
59:
18:
2443:
to settle in Binondo. In the 19th century, the population of
2265:
as the official marketplace and designated residence for the
2066:-Manila trade in the 17th century and the British-controlled
1417:
Bocabulario de la lengua sangleya por las letraz de el A.B.C.
1277:, a Chinese word for 'trader', which became "sangley" to the
1172:
traditionally written right to left and when read in the old
1012:
were rampant, with many Chinese migrants working as low-wage
2768:), a translucent fabric woven from silk yarn for the formal
2234:
Sangley Chinese Merchant & Native Filipina of Manila by
766:
spelling in Tagalog/Filipino and other Philippine languages.
443:
ancestry. The Sangley Chinese were ancestors to both modern
3734:, 62–100. Lawrence, Kansas: The University of Kansas, CEAS.
2385:
fared in Philippine society. In the late 18th century, the
2324:
women. They did not recognize marriages of the unconverted
1960:
or lessee system, that allowed them to sublet those lands.
3581:
Lineage, Life and Labors of Jose Rizal, Philippine Patriot
1794:
Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas
974:; 'I work'. The last two words come from Cebuano:
3705:
Tettoni, Luca Invernizzi and Sosrowardoyo, Tara. (1997).
3256:"The Manila Incunabula and Early Hokkien Studies, Part 2"
1731:
of the 16th and 17th centuries, numerous male Spaniards (
1472:
which it explains as "those who come to trade" which the
1366:'merchant'. Another cited possible etymon is the
3573:
Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams
2547:
revolts against Spanish rule. In the late 19th century,
2241:
The Spanish authorities had initially depended upon the
1971:
or contract of retrocession. Through this instrument, a
1351:
recorded before in Manila as one of the terms listed as
3016:
of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, and Thailand
3543:"How Filipinos Came to Be Called as "Brown Americans""
2718:
emerged in Binondo, at the same time that Western and
1613:
In 16th to 19th century Spanish Philippines, the term
2803:
In food, Chinese-Filipinos adapted Hokkien food from
2455:
women. With no legal restrictions on their movement,
3419:
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/
5203:
5158:
5132:
5065:
5039:
5032:
4997:
4966:
4794:
4768:
4747:
4740:
4685:
4659:
4579:
4521:
4514:
4425:
4399:
4368:
4332:
4301:
4294:
3289:. Boletín de la Real Academia Española. p. 45.
3040:"Chinese/Native intermarriage in Austronesian Asia"
2536:, showing their identification with these islands.
1544:"Relation and Description of the Filipinas Islands"
1419:(1617) also offers two explanations, it also gives
509:(Spanish-Chinese mestizos, descendants of colonial
370:
274:
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2815:(Chinese food) dotted the islands. The ubiquitous
2539:Also identifying as the "true sons of Spain", the
2308:The Spanish colonists attempted to assimilate the
1864:1574, a few years after the Spaniards established
3514:Ciudad Murada: A Walk Through Historic Intramuros
3495:
3493:
2339:mestizo couple, c.1846 by Jean Mallat de Bassilan
2003:and finely crafted furniture, were exchanged for
1004:'to defecate'; The full phrase was thus "
3689:(1999) "The Historic Town of Vigan, Philippines"
2312:into the Hispanic culture and converted many to
2199:In 1868, the United States and China signed the
2048:, and parts of present United States, specially
1987:(1565–1815) tied China to Europe via Manila and
3306:. Manila: Filipiniana Publications. p. 50.
2738:: Huáqiáo) merchants essentially displaced the
2399:
1548:
1540:Relacion y Descripciones de las Islas Filipinas
1494:
1905:A native Filipino trades with a Sangley vendor
1831:Spanish explorers and conquistadors landed in
4272:
3919:
3762:
3432:
3430:
3428:
1496:
887:
879:
838:
795:
498:
8:
3732:The Journal of Southeast Asian History, 5(1)
2359:and canonized in 1987 as the first Filipino
1224:), the northern promontory point and former
525:(Japanese mestizos, descendants of colonial
247:
2859:. Other well-known Filipino dishes such as
2343:Beginning in 1600, the first generation of
2097:, who was instrumental in establishing the
1689:, a person born of pure or majority ethnic
1390:
1312:
1264:
1203:
1127:
1048:
982:
950:
786:
696:
683:
670:
657:
602:
472:The Spanish had such categories as indios (
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5036:
4744:
4518:
4298:
4279:
4265:
4257:
3926:
3912:
3904:
3769:
3755:
3709:. Hong Kong, China: Periplus Editions Ltd.
3615:. Münster, Hamburg and Berlin: LIT Verlag.
3516:. Manila: Intramuros Administration &
3334:"Semantics of Colonization and Revolution"
3239:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3194:Tulay Fortnightly: Chinese-Filipino Digest
2435:After the Spanish colonists abolished the
2273:, as governor-general of the Philippines,
1594:Philippine Commission (1899–1900), citing
1006:Chinese (labourer), I work, eat, and shit!
705:') is a modern term currently used in
517:(Indian mestizos, descendants of colonial
431:to describe respectively a person of pure
253:
246:
4856:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
3702:, Singapore: Page One Publishing Pte Ltd.
2690:, the Binondo Church is now known as the
1856:spelling to make them appear Hispanic by
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
3303:Chinese elements in the Tagalog language
3123:). La Noble Villa de Pila. p. 545.
2911:, in latticework patterns, enclosed the
2591:
2566:
2229:
2215:
1913:Sangley vendor among other local vendors
1800:
1786:
926:" was originally the Philippine Hokkien
175:This article includes a list of general
5267:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
3355:Ruiz-Stovel, Guillermo (January 2009).
3031:
2756:threads, which was used for the casual
2714:In the late 19th century, cosmopolitan
2643:in 1762, before being rebuilt in 1854.
1810:Sangley Chinese and/or Chinese Mestizos
5303:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
3712:Weightman, George H. (February 1960).
3596:Casa Asia: Centro Cultural Conde Duque
3232:
3130:
2999:Japanese settlement in the Philippines
2293:children and descendants. He gave the
1741:women; their children were considered
3137:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (
2419:'s military modernization during the
2163:devoted to agricultural commodities.
2072:Spanish American wars of independence
2062:Apart from the Portuguese-controlled
16:Archaic terms used in the Philippines
7:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
2851:). The Chinese brought their use of
2750:, a hand-woven cloth made from fine
2052:. Americans called these immigrants
1729:Spanish colonization of the Americas
1273:, the name supposedly derived from '
1065:persons. It is recorded in the 1613
734:''Chinese Filipinos'' or ''Fil-Chi''
566:or Filipinos with Chinese ancestry:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
5293:Chinese diaspora in the Philippines
3700:Tropical Architecture and Interiors
1606:was also used interchangeably with
688:'Filipino' or the Tagalog:
2913:typically large horizontal windows
2692:Minor Basilica of San Lorenzo Ruiz
2520:Following the promulgation of the
865:offensive derogatory slang or slur
181:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3724:Dissertation Information Service.
3604:History of the Philippine Islands
2495:, etc. The number of unconverted
465:, classified together with other
34:This article has multiple issues.
2305:(Guild of Mestizos of Binondo).
2033:(Chinese Runner/Deliveryman) by
1053:'our people') is a very
754:and literally means “Chinese”. "
675:'Chinese' with Tagalog:
607:'uncle') is the native,
423:) are archaic terms used in the
166:
64:
23:
3512:Torres, Jose Victor Z. (2005).
3397:Hawkley, Ethan (October 2017).
3374:Hawkley, Ethan (October 2017).
3361:México y la cuenca del Pacífico
3095:A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan
1889:
1837:, which they named in honor of
1476:however prefers the latter. In
1468:
1438:
1385:
1336:
1308:siang-lú / siang-lír / siang-lí
1307:
1255:
1228:naval base headquarters in the
1198:
1122:
1068:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala
1043:
970:
945:
709:and Tagalog/Filipino and other
597:
435:ancestry and a person of mixed
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2576:Sangley & Chinese Mestizos
1880:
1546:, 1576) as per Manuel (1948):
1297:
662:'Chinese' or Tagalog:
1:
3541:Reyes, Bobby (May 14, 2007).
2943:to signify their status. The
2776:, a handwoven fabric made of
2676:Gremio de Mestizos de Binondo
2648:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
2303:Gremio de Mestizos de Binondo
2184:trade, previously limited to
2056:and the Mexicans called them
1934:and its numerous structures.
1813:
1488:was also recorded before as (
1342:Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum
539:and throughout the island of
264:
4412:Democratic Republic of Congo
3740:
3695:, UNESCO World Heritage Site
3518:Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
3439:The Journal of Asian Studies
3042:. colorq.org. Archived from
1791:Sangleys as depicted in the
1720:but also had other ancestry.
529:and native Filipinos), etc.
3611:Gambe, Annabelle R. (2000)
3571:Anderson, Benedict. (1988)
3319:Diccionario de filipinismos
3300:Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948).
3254:Van der Loon, Piet (1967).
2994:Hokkien and Hoklo Americans
1600:Diccionario de filipinismos
1482:Diccionario de filipinismos
1208:'frequently comes'.
1071:, where its entry reads in
791:'Chinese' with the
5319:
3663:Medina, Elizabeth. (1999)
2656:Universidad de Santo Tomás
2522:Cádiz Constitution of 1812
2439:in 1790, they allowed the
2220:Another Sangley couple in
2087:Virreinato de Nueva España
1760:; they were also known as
1340:is indeed recorded in the
728:born and/or raised in the
513:and Sangley Chinese), the
5261:
3944:
3671:February 9, 2007, at the
3480:De Jesus, Ed. C. (1980).
3165:Philippine Daily Inquirer
2335:French Illustration of a
2281:in 1594 for the Catholic
2178:. They also expanded the
1454:
1444:"he who comes very often"
1427:
1374:
1325:
1286:
1244:
1184:
1111:
1032:
960:
931:
916:late Spanish colonial era
583:
375:
279:
252:
3698:Tan, Hock Beng. (1994).
3693:Advisory Body Evaluation
3618:Klöter, Henning. (2011)
3065:Chu, Richard T. (2012).
2823:" from the Hokkien word
2660:Colegio de San Ildefonso
2316:. They allowed Catholic
2257:The Spanish founded the
1930:. As masons, they built
1806:Mestizos Sangley y Chino
1714:Philippine National Hero
1578:(without the qualifying
609:colloquial informal term
3602:de Morga, Dr. Antonio.
3579:Craig, Austin. (2004).
3403:World History Connected
3380:World History Connected
3092:Wolff, John U. (1972).
2941:conspicuous consumption
2896:, but instead of using
2835:(flavored with sauce);
2629:Miguel López de Legazpi
2261:in 1581 in what became
992:
975:
888:
880:
837:'Chinese' with
521:and native Filipinos),
461:(mixed peoples) in the
196:more precise citations.
3588:: Kessinger Publishing
2900:and thatch, they used
2843:(cooked as pasta) and
2764:(Chinese term for raw
2711:
2607:
2589:
2413:
2395:1762 capture of Manila
2340:
2275:Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas
2238:
2227:
2037:
1948:
1914:
1906:
1834:Las Islas de Filipinas
1828:
1798:
1721:
1562:
1527:
1497:
1484:(1921), the entry for
1356:
1209:
1079:
955:'uncle', and "
839:
825:
796:
781:
689:
676:
663:
650:
499:
477:
3685:. Caracas, Venezuela.
3626:May 19, 2012, at the
3157:"Reclaiming 'Intsik'"
2839:(served with broth);
2705:
2595:
2570:
2551:, a fifth-generation
2517:and later in Europe.
2421:reformist Bourbon era
2334:
2233:
2219:
2029:
1985:Spanish Galleon Trade
1951:The Spanish gave the
1940:
1912:
1904:
1804:
1790:
1708:
1344:(1626-1642) that the
1156:
987:'to eat' and
523:mestizos de japoneses
489:'Indian' for
371:Related ethnic groups
5020:United Arab Emirates
4912:Straits-Born Chinese
3886:Mestizo (de Español)
3332:Olsen, Rosalinda N.
3121:Early Modern Spanish
3071:. BRILL. p. 1.
3046:on December 24, 2010
2950:Spanish–American War
2605:José Honorato Lozano
2587:José Honorato Lozano
2236:José Honorato Lozano
2201:Treaty of Burlingame
2035:José Honorato Lozano
1946:José Honorato Lozano
1693:descent or of mixed
1683:Philippine languages
1673:) is widely used in
711:Philippine languages
621:Philippine languages
562:terms that refer to
453:Mestizos de Sangley,
429:Spanish colonial era
365:Philippine languages
84:improve this article
5265:overseas department
4571:Trinidad and Tobago
3748:Spanish Philippines
3155:(August 19, 2020).
2957:mestizos de sangley
2945:mestizos de sangley
2932:mestizos de sangley
2782:mestizos de sangley
2740:mestizos de sangley
2732:traditional Chinese
2696:mestizos de sangley
2672:mestizos de sangley
2541:mestizos de sangley
2530:mestizos de sangley
2514:mestizos de sangley
2504:mestizos de sangley
2457:mestizos de sangley
2445:mestizos de sangley
2345:mestizos de sangley
2320:to intermarry with
2299:mestizo de sangleys
2291:mestizos de sangley
2157:mestizos de sangley
2137:mestizos de sangley
2117:mestizos de sangley
1978:mestizos de sangley
1965:mestizos de sangley
1953:mestizos de sangley
1826:Justiniano Asuncion
1522:Wenceslao E. Retaña
1409:William Henry Scott
1164:, with the label, "
500:mestizos de Español
451:descendants of the
249:
5273:Hong Kong Diaspora
4541:Dominican Republic
3893:Mestizo de Sangley
3793:Mestizo de Sangley
3586:Whitefish, Montana
2792:wore multicolored
2712:
2684:mestizo de sangley
2658:in Manila, or the
2625:San Agustin Church
2608:
2590:
2553:mestizo de sangley
2453:mestizo de sangley
2387:mestizo de sangley
2383:mestizo de sangley
2341:
2239:
2228:
2058:los indios Chinos.
2038:
1949:
1942:Chino Chanchaulero
1915:
1907:
1850:mestizo de sangley
1839:Philip II of Spain
1829:
1799:
1773:mestizo de sangley
1771:was classified as
1758:Mestizo de sangley
1725:Mestizo de sangley
1722:
1718:mestizo de sangley
1615:mestizo de sangley
1608:mestizo de sangley
1588:mestizo de sangley
1571:mestizo de sangley
1557:Francisco de Sande
1538:also notes in his
1536:Francisco de Sande
1413:Philippine history
1411:, an authority on
1210:
1174:Chiangchiu dialect
1170:Chinese characters
1168:" on top with the
1157:Sangley couple in
1134:Philippine Hokkien
1105:Philippine Hokkien
1026:Philippine Hokkien
722:permanent resident
707:Philippine English
577:Philippine Hokkien
575:(derived from the
527:Japanese Filipinos
515:mestizos de Bombay
401:Mestizo de Sangley
395:; Spanish plural:
317:Philippine English
313:Hiligaynon/Ilonggo
293:Philippine Hokkien
281:Philippine Spanish
261:mestiza de sangley
5280:
5279:
5219:
5199:
5198:
5118:
5028:
5027:
4907:Chinese nationals
4834:Peranakan Chinese
4736:
4735:
4649:by city and state
4645:
4638:
4604:
4597:
4510:
4509:
4417:Republic of Congo
4254:
4253:
4190:Teochew Taiwanese
4079:Teochew Taiwanese
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3833:Sangley (Chinese)
3789:Sangley (Chinese)
3675:, Santiago, Chile
3226:978-971-95130-0-1
3153:Ocampo, Ambeth R.
2974:Cambodian Hokkien
2880:Vigan, Ilocos Sur
2871:(fried rice) and
2784:wore embroidered
1602:(1921). The term
1442:explaining it as
1393:
1365:
1315:
1267:
1206:
1138:Chinese Filipinos
1130:
1088:
1051:
1003:
986:
953:
836:
793:diminutive suffix
790:
703:diminutive suffix
700:
687:
674:
661:
623:used to refer to
605:
511:Spanish Filipinos
488:
467:Filipino mestizos
445:Chinese Filipinos
410:mestisong Sangley
391:(English plural:
386:
385:
381:Filipino mestizos
377:Chinese Filipinos
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
5310:
5243:Papua New Guinea
5213:
5114:
5037:
4745:
4641:
4634:
4608:British Columbia
4600:
4593:
4519:
4299:
4288:Overseas Chinese
4281:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4198:
4186:
4169:
4087:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3905:
3785:
3784:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3738:
3598:. Madrid, Spain.
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3520:pp. 62–63.
3509:
3503:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3434:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3230:
3217:Under the Stacks
3212:
3206:
3205:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3128:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3036:
3009:Nanyang (region)
2989:Filipino mestizo
2979:Chinese Filipino
2720:overseas Chinese
2706:Sangley Chinese
2680:San Lorenzo Ruiz
2652:Ateneo Municipal
2641:Battle of Manila
2411:
2349:San Lorenzo Ruiz
2337:Chinese-Filipino
2289:wives and their
2205:Overseas Chinese
2023:side of Mexico.
1989:Acapulco, Mexico
1980:in this manner.
1891:
1882:
1824:, watercolor by
1818:
1815:
1745:and were called
1596:Wenceslao Retana
1560:
1533:Governor-General
1525:
1507:
1478:Wenceslao Retana
1470:
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1431:
1394:
1391:
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1360:
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1316:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1290:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:: /ɕiɪŋ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/
1248:
1230:Cavite Peninsula
1207:
1204:
1200:
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1128:
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1083:
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1036:
998:
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967:
954:
951:
947:
938:
906:", a derogatory
893:
885:
844:
831:
801:
788:
785:
750:is derived from
732:, also known as
698:
695:
685:
682:
672:
669:
659:
656:
606:
603:
599:
590:
533:Overseas Chinese
519:Indian Filipinos
502:
483:
449:Filipino mestizo
433:overseas Chinese
269:
266:
257:
250:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
192:this article by
183:inline citations
170:
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49:
27:
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5309:
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5282:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5257:
5195:
5154:
5128:
5061:
5024:
4993:
4962:
4839:Bangka-Belitung
4829:Benteng Chinese
4790:
4764:
4732:
4681:
4655:
4575:
4506:
4421:
4395:
4364:
4328:
4290:
4285:
4255:
4250:
4192:
4180:
4163:
4161:Hakka Taiwanese
4081:
4057:Hoklo Taiwanese
3940:
3932:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3799:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3673:Wayback Machine
3628:Wayback Machine
3606:, Vols. 1 and 2
3567:
3565:Further reading
3562:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3498:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3451:10.2307/2055499
3436:
3435:
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3418:
3414:
3396:
3395:
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3191:
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3179:
3169:
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3129:
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3103:
3091:
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3086:
3079:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3023:
2965:
2794:camisa de chino
2758:camisa de chino
2637:Martín de Goiti
2633:Juan de Salcedo
2597:Chino Pansitero
2572:A Scene In Town
2565:
2412:
2410:
2357:Catholic Church
2214:
1899:
1816:
1785:
1703:
1695:native Filipino
1561:
1555:
1526:
1520:
1508:
1399:(circa 1590s),
1151:
1092:Pancit Langlang
1008:" and was when
726:Chinese descent
441:native Filipino
421:Chinese mestizo
405:Sangley mestizo
270:
267:
245:
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
188:Please help to
187:
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136:
93:
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81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
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5262:
5259:
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5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5216:from Hong Kong
5207:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5171:Czech Republic
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5160:
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5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
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5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
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5119:
5116:from Hong Kong
5110:United Kingdom
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4653:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4639:
4636:from Hong Kong
4627:
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4615:
4605:
4598:
4595:from Hong Kong
4585:
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4102:
4092:
4091:
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4089:
4088:
4071:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4062:Hui'an maidens
4059:
4049:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4017:
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4010:
4005:
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3823:Indio (Native)
3820:
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3777:
3774:
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3707:Filipino Style
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3616:
3609:
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3589:
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3563:
3560:
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3547:Mabuhay Radio!
3533:
3526:
3504:
3489:
3472:
3445:(4): 880–882.
3424:
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3366:
3347:
3336:. bulatlat.com
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3265:. New Series.
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2984:Criollo people
2981:
2976:
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2845:pancit Malabon
2786:barong tagalog
2770:barong tagalog
2728:ethnic enclave
2580:Tipos del País
2564:
2561:
2532:identified as
2526:Spanish Cortes
2408:
2213:
2210:
2095:Basco y Vargas
2076:Western powers
2031:Chino Corredor
1969:pacto de retro
1898:
1895:
1821:Tipos del País
1784:
1781:
1762:chino mestizos
1702:
1699:
1685:to describe a
1553:
1518:
1512:(from Chinese
1403:record to the
1349:Spanish friars
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1063:ethnic Chinese
1024:(derived from
1017:
896:Insik wákang,
869:Cebuano Bisaya
850:
807:
767:
737:
713:to refer to a
632:
625:Chinese people
564:ethnic Chinese
463:Spanish Empire
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3744:Miscegenation
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3657:9789004184930
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3637:South Holland
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2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:bahay na bato
2885:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2867:(soup dish),
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:pancit luglog
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2403:Real Princípe
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2081:After losing
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:náos de China
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:Pacific Ocean
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1858:concatenation
1854:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1734:conquistadors
1730:
1726:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:chino mestizo
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:United States
1589:
1586:come to mean
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:King of Spain
1402:
1398:
1388:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:Sangley Point
1262:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Sangley Point
1219:
1218:Punta Sangley
1215:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1061:referring to
1060:
1056:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
996:
995:
990:
979:
978:
973:
966:
963:
958:
948:
942:
937:
934:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
903:
899:
892:
891:
884:
883:
877:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:
856:
855:
851:
848:
843:
842:
834:
829:
828:
823:
819:
818:
813:
812:
808:
805:
800:
799:
794:
783:
779:
778:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
693:
692:
680:
679:
667:
666:
654:
653:
648:
644:
643:
638:
637:
633:
631:connotations.
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
600:
594:
589:
586:
581:
578:
574:
573:
569:
568:
567:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
501:
496:
492:
486:
481:
480:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:
416:chino mestizo
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
382:
378:
374:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
262:
256:
251:
242:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
195:
191:
185:
184:
178:
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5268:
4894:
4490:Johannesburg
4485:South Africa
4472:
4214:Fuzhou Tanka
4150:
4100:Shanghainese
4001:Subei people
3964:Macau people
3892:
3792:
3781:
3742:
3731:
3720:, Michigan:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3682:
3664:
3619:
3612:
3603:
3595:
3580:
3572:
3550:. Retrieved
3546:
3536:
3513:
3507:
3482:
3475:
3442:
3438:
3415:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3360:
3350:
3338:. Retrieved
3327:
3318:
3312:
3302:
3295:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3262:
3249:
3216:
3210:
3193:
3168:. Retrieved
3161:INQUIRER.net
3160:
3147:
3124:
3111:
3104:
3094:
3087:
3067:
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3044:the original
3034:
2956:
2954:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2917:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:(egg-roll),
2860:
2856:
2847:(mixed with
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2813:comida China
2812:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2716:mercantilism
2713:
2710:maker (1899)
2695:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2645:
2616:Missionaries
2609:
2596:
2582:
2579:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2402:
2400:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2353:missionaries
2344:
2342:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2221:
2198:
2179:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2116:
2106:
2103:principalía.
2102:
2086:
2080:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2019:port on the
1982:
1977:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1917:Most of the
1916:
1888:
1862:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1805:
1792:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1686:
1670:
1658:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:). Although
1563:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1528:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1443:
1437:
1416:
1384:
1341:
1335:
1306:
1296:
1274:
1254:
1232:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1165:
1162:(circa 1590)
1158:
1121:
1091:
1073:Early Modern
1066:
1042:
1020:
1019:
1005:
969:
956:
944:
923:
919:
895:
859:
858:
853:
852:
846:
816:
815:
810:
809:
803:
776:
775:
770:
769:
755:
746:
745:
740:
739:
649:of Spanish:
641:
640:
635:
634:
596:
571:
570:
557:
531:
522:
514:
505:
471:
457:
452:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
345:Maguindanaon
333:Pangasinense
260:
244:Ethnic group
241:
226:
208:
202:January 2011
199:
180:
146:
140:January 2011
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
5238:New Zealand
5105:Netherlands
4929:Phuket Baba
4890:Philippines
4861:Sino-Native
4643:from Taiwan
4602:from Taiwan
4561:Puerto Rico
4202:Waishengren
4193: [
4181: [
4164: [
4117:Gaoshan Han
4082: [
3981:Ngái people
3959:Hongkongers
3935:Han Chinese
3170:October 21,
2921:earthquakes
2884:kasanglayan
2882:, known as
2857:arroz caldo
2841:pancit molo
2809:panciterias
2612:Catholicism
2603:Vendor) by
2578:), c. 1847
2509:bourgeoisie
2314:Catholicism
2223:Boxer Codex
2161:plantations
2121:plantations
1973:moneylender
1963:Later, the
1817: 1841
1691:Han Chinese
1647:portmanteau
1501:(del chino
1474:Bocabulario
1397:Boxer Codex
1160:Boxer Codex
910:children's
730:Philippines
495:East Indies
447:and modern
427:during the
425:Philippines
329:Kapampangan
321:Waray-Waray
268: 1875
194:introducing
5287:Categories
4974:Bangladesh
4941:Minh Hương
4819:East Timor
4760:Kyrgyzstan
4755:Kazakhstan
4667:Costa Rica
4480:Seychelles
4463:Mozambique
4448:Madagascar
4340:Cape Verde
4235:Yunnanese
4127:Minh Hương
4042:Fuzhounese
4013:Sichuanese
3954:Taishanese
3649:9004184937
3552:January 8,
3340:January 8,
3263:Asia Major
3219:. Manila.
3050:January 8,
3026:References
2894:bahay kubo
2825:pian-e-sit
2819:(meaning "
2724:Intramuros
2621:Intramuros
2583:Watercolor
2557:Ilustrados
2549:José Rizal
2285:and their
2091:steamships
2050:California
2017:Gulf Coast
1932:Intramuros
1890:Lîm A-hŏng
1885:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1843:Intramuros
1769:José Rizal
1743:mixed race
1739:indigenous
1710:José Rizal
1701:Background
1681:and other
1665:, and the
1580:de sangley
1464:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1434:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1401:Dasmariñas
1381:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1332:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1303:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1256:Seng-lí ,
1251:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1194:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1166:來常 Sangley
1118:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1039:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1010:opium dens
941:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
619:and other
593:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
359:and other
357:Surigaonon
301:Taishanese
177:references
110:newspapers
39:improve it
5298:Ethnonyms
5211:Australia
4989:Sri Lanka
4902:Singapore
4824:Indonesia
4795:Southeast
4728:Venezuela
4693:Argentina
4672:Nicaragua
4612:Vancouver
4523:Caribbean
4458:Mauritius
4156:Taiwanese
4139:Peranakan
4112:Chuanqing
4069:Putianese
4047:Hainanese
3996:Jianghuai
3992:Mandarin
3949:Cantonese
3938:subgroups
3872:Tornatrás
3718:Ann Arbor
3683:Analitica
3467:162600587
3235:cite book
3202:0116-6689
3133:cite book
3014:Peranakan
2827:) became
2778:pineapple
2599:(Chinese
2534:Filipinos
2417:New Spain
2393:in their
2368:sangleys,
2250:resident
2172:Singapore
2168:Hong Kong
2054:Manilamen
2046:Louisiana
2001:porcelain
1958:inquilino
1514:xiang-lay
1503:xiang-lay
1469:siang lâi
1439:siâng lâi
1386:siâng lâi
1346:Dominican
1279:Spaniards
1199:siâng lâi
1149:Etymology
1014:labourers
918:, where "
914:from the
758:" is the
506:tornatrás
397:Sangleyes
353:Kinaray-a
349:Chavacano
297:Cantonese
275:Languages
99:"Sangley"
45:talk page
5269:See also
5166:Bulgaria
5145:Portugal
5133:Southern
5040:Northern
4984:Pakistan
4924:Chin Haw
4919:Thailand
4851:Malaysia
4807:Cambodia
4786:Mongolia
4718:Suriname
4566:Suriname
4515:Americas
4502:Zimbabwe
4438:Botswana
4426:Southern
4407:Cameroon
4386:Tanzania
4376:Ethiopia
4239:Chin Haw
4178:Hoklokeh
4030:Panthays
4008:Shandong
3988:Hunanese
3879:Filipino
3813:Spaniard
3803:Spaniard
3669:Archived
3624:Archived
2963:See also
2925:monsoons
2873:ma-chang
2869:kiampong
2811:serving
2688:sangleys
2668:sangleys
2497:sangleys
2469:Pampanga
2441:sangleys
2425:mestizos
2409:—
2372:sangleys
2326:sangleys
2318:sangleys
2310:sangleys
2295:sangleys
2283:sangleys
2277:created
2271:sangleys
2267:sangleys
2252:sangleys
2247:sangleys
2243:sangleys
2225:c. 1590.
2212:Politics
2190:Quanzhou
2176:Shanghai
2021:Atlantic
2013:Veracruz
1923:sangleys
1919:sangleys
1870:Limahong
1716:, was a
1675:Filipino
1667:Filipino
1651:Filipino
1628:sangleys
1554:—
1519:—
1357:mercader
1337:siang-lú
1214:Sangley,
1123:lán-lâng
1057:term in
1055:obsolete
1044:lán-lâng
1021:Langlang
994:kalibang
971:guá kang
912:limerick
902:kalibang
894:, from “
876:compound
764:literary
715:Filipino
617:Filipino
560:Filipino
553:Mindanao
458:mestizos
393:Sangleys
325:Bicolano
289:Filipino
5204:Oceania
5176:Romania
5159:Eastern
5100:Ireland
5095:Hungary
5090:Germany
5073:Belgium
5066:Western
5052:Finland
5047:Denmark
4956:San Diu
4936:Vietnam
4895:Sangley
4878:Panthay
4868:Myanmar
4812:Hokkien
4748:Central
4723:Uruguay
4660:Central
4618:Toronto
4556:Jamaica
4474:Réunion
4468:Namibia
4443:Lesotho
4400:Central
4360:Senegal
4355:Nigeria
4324:Morocco
4309:Algeria
4231:Waxiang
4151:Sangley
4144:Benteng
4105:Wenzhou
4074:Teochew
3746:in the
3459:2055499
3117:Tagalog
3004:Mestizo
2969:Binondo
2937:sangley
2849:seafood
2748:sinamay
2563:Culture
2506:as the
2465:Bulacan
2429:mestizo
2406:Manila.
2391:British
2378:women.
2279:Binondo
2181:Nanyang
2152:Binondo
2144:Cagayan
2099:tobacco
1897:Economy
1877:Chinese
1874:Teochiu
1783:History
1754:Sangley
1747:mestizo
1687:Sangley
1679:Tagalog
1663:Spanish
1633:Today,
1623:Spanish
1584:mestizo
1576:mestizo
1567:cuisine
1530:Spanish
1510:Sangley
1499:Sangley
1486:Sangley
1451:Chinese
1448:Hokkien
1424:Chinese
1421:Hokkien
1371:Chinese
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1364:
1353:Spanish
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1319:Hokkien
1298:shānglǚ
1283:Chinese
1275:xiangli
1241:Chinese
1238:Hokkien
1181:Chinese
1178:Hokkien
1142:endonym
1108:Chinese
1087:
1076:Spanish
1059:Tagalog
1029:Chinese
1002:
989:Cebuano
985:
959:" from
946:ín-chek
928:Chinese
908:Visayan
847:Tsinita
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822:Spanish
817:Tsinita
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804:Tsinito
789:
777:Tsinito
771:Chinito
752:Spanish
718:citizen
699:
686:
673:
660:
613:Tagalog
598:ín-chek
580:Chinese
549:Visayas
493:of the
491:natives
487:
474:Spanish
437:Chinese
389:Sangley
361:Chinese
337:Maranao
309:Ilocano
305:Cebuano
285:Tagalog
248:Sangley
190:improve
124:scholar
5228:Hawaii
5191:Turkey
5186:Serbia
5181:Russia
5122:London
5078:France
5057:Sweden
5033:Europe
5015:Turkey
5010:Israel
4873:Kokang
4802:Brunei
4708:Guyana
4698:Brazil
4677:Panama
4625:Mexico
4589:Canada
4546:Guyana
4531:Belize
4497:Zambia
4453:Malawi
4433:Angola
4391:Uganda
4295:Africa
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4226:Tunbao
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2898:bamboo
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2805:Fujian
2798:indios
2790:indios
2788:while
2772:; and
2736:pinyin
2734:: 華僑;
2682:was a
2674:. The
2654:, the
2650:, the
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2259:Parían
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2135:. The
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2005:silver
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1712:, the
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1101:etymon
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4883:Pashu
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4776:Japan
4703:Chile
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3641:Brill
3463:S2CID
3455:JSTOR
3287:(PDF)
3259:(PDF)
3021:Notes
2907:capiz
2753:abaca
2708:latik
2545:indio
2493:Capiz
2489:Samar
2461:Tondo
2449:indio
2376:indio
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2322:indio
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665:Tsino
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545:Luzon
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479:indio
131:JSTOR
117:books
5223:Fiji
5005:Iran
4998:West
4951:Nùng
4946:Ngái
4846:Laos
4769:East
4741:Asia
4713:Peru
4536:Cuba
4369:East
4350:Mali
4333:West
4132:Nùng
3653:ISBN
3645:ISBN
3554:2011
3522:ISBN
3501:2009
3409:(3).
3386:(3).
3342:2011
3241:link
3221:ISBN
3198:ISSN
3172:2020
3139:link
3115:(in
3073:ISBN
3052:2011
2930:The
2865:maki
2853:rice
2837:mami
2833:lomi
2831:and
2774:piña
2766:silk
2762:jusi
2670:and
2635:and
2574:(w/
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2297:and
2192:and
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2131:and
2125:Cebu
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1997:silk
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1000:lit.
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