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is snow-fed. The
Eastern Canal and the Western Canal taking off from the barrage, were designed for a discharge capacity of 455 cubic metres per second (16,100 cu ft/s) to irrigate 6,125 square kilometres (1,514,000 acres) and 210 cubic metres per second (7,400 cu ft/s) to irrigate 3,566.1 square kilometres (881,200 acres), respectively. A hydropower plant has been built on the Eastern Canal, at a canal drop (3.6 km (2.2 mi) from the Kosi Barrage), to generate 20 MW. The Western Koshi Canal provides irrigation to 250 square kilometres (62,000 acres) in Nepal. A valuable bridge over the barrage opened up the east–west highway in the eastern sector of Nepal.
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1128:, who is said to have attained the status of 'Rishi' on the banks of the river. Viśvāmitra was a descendant of the sage Kusika. Viśvāmitra is credited with many well-known Vedic Hymns on the Banks of the Kosi where he had his hermitage – The Mandala 3, the Rigveda, and the Gāyatrī Mantra. The Gāyatrī Mantra is a highly revered mantra based on a Vedic Sanskrit verse from a hymn of the Rigveda (3.62.10).
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generation project on the Kosi River built under a bilateral agreement between Nepal and India: the entire cost of the project was borne by India. The catchment area of the river is 61,788 km (23,856 sq mi) in Nepal at the barrage site. The highest peaks lie in its catchment. About 10%
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by dropping relief materials from Purnia in the worst hit districts where nearly two million persons were trapped. The magnitude of deaths or destruction were hard to estimate, as the affected areas were inaccessible. 150 people were reported washed away in a single incident. Another news item stated
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Envisaged are a 269-meter (883 ft) high concrete or rock-filled dam, a barrage, and two canals. The dam is on the Sapta Koshi River with an underground powerhouse, producing 3,000 MW at 50% load factor. The barrage is planned for the Sapta Koshi about 8 km (5.0 mi) downstream of Sapta
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The Koshi barrage, with earth dams across the river, as well as afflux bunds and embankments above and below the river, confines the river to flow within embankments. Embankments on both sides downstream of the barrage with a length of 246 km (153 mi) were constructed to check the westward
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The Kosi is 720 km (450 mi) long and drains an area of about 74,500 km (28,800 sq mi) in Tibet, Nepal and Bihar. In the past, several authors proposed that the river has shifted its course by more than 133 km (83 mi) from east to west during the last 200 years. But
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epic, the God of death took the form of a woman and resides on the banks of the river to limit population growth. Kosi resonates with the folklore of
Mithila. The most important depictions of Kosi folklore are Kosi as a virgin absolutely care free and full of energy and as a frustrated wife of old
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Nepal has a total estimated potential of 83,290 MW with economically exploitable potential of 42,140 MW. The Kosi River basin contributes 22,350 MW of this potential including 360 MW from small schemes and 18750 MW from major schemes. The economically exploitable potential is assessed as 10,860 MW
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A power canal existing Kosi barrage at
Hanuman Nagar is proposed for conveying water for irrigation from the Eastern Chatra Canal and also water that may be required downstream for navigation. To utilize the head available between Chatra and Hanuman Nagar barrages for power generation, three canal
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This was followed by the Kosi
Agreement between Nepal and India signed on 25 April 1954 and revised on 19 December 1966 to address Nepal's concerns. Further letters of Exchange to the Agreement between the two countries identified additional schemes for providing benefits of irrigation. While the
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The
National Flood Control Policy in 1954 (following the disastrous floods of 1954 in a large part of the Kosi river basin) planned to control floods through a series of dams, embankments and river training works. The Kosi project was thus conceptualized (based on investigations between 1946 and
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convened a technical committee, headed by a retired engineer-in-chief of the water resource department to supervise the restoration work and close the breach in the East Kosi afflux embankment. Indian authorities worked to prevent widening of the breach, and channels were to be dug to direct the
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season, It picks up a heavy silt load, which it redeposits at times, causing it to change its channel. This leads to flooding in India with extreme effects. Fishing is an important enterprise on the river but fishing resources are being depleted and youth are leaving for other areas of work.
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Extra storage capacity of Sapta Koshi High Dam would be provided to moderate downstream flooding. Chatra Canal System would provide irrigation to large areas in Nepal and India, particularly in Bihar. A Joint
Project Office (JPO) has been set up in Nepal for investigation of the project.
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It is also the lifeline of the
Mithila region, today spread over more than half of India's state of Bihar. It is the subject of legend and folklore of the region; the legend of Mithila extends over many centuries. Mithila is also the name of a style of Hindu art created in the area.
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Koshi High Dam to re-regulate the diverted water. The
Eastern Chhatra Canal and Western Chhatra Canal, off-take from the barrage site to provide water for irrigation both in Nepal and India and navigation through Koshi up to Kursela and also in the reservoir of Sapta Koshi dam.
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The Kosi is associated with many ancient spiritual stories. It is mentioned in the Bal Kand section of
Valmiki Ramayana as the Kausiki who is the form assumed by Satyavati after her death. Satyavati was the elder sister of Viswamitra, descendants of Kushak dynasty. In the
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Firstly, a barrage will be built at
Bhimnagar to anchor the river that had migrated about 120 km (75 mi) westward in the last 250 years laying waste to a huge tract in north Bihar and to provide irrigation and power benefits to Nepal and
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encompasses the upper catchments of the Dudh Koshi River system. The park covers an area of 1,148 km (443 sq mi) and ranges in elevation from 2,845 m (9,334 ft) to 8,848 m (29,029 ft) at the summit of
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On 18 August 2008, the Kosi River picked up an old channel it had abandoned over 100 years previously near the border with Nepal and India. Approximately 2.7 million people were affected as the river broke its embankment at Kusaha in
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A Framework for Sustainable Development of the Ganges- Brahmaputra- Meghna (GBM Region), Proceedings of Conference held in Dhaka, 4–5 December 1999–Nepal Water Vision in the GBM Regional Framework, Institute for Integrated Studies,
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Verghese, B. G. (1993) "Waters of Hope: Integrated Water Resource Development and Regional Cooperation within the Himalayan-Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak Basin". Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi and Oxford. IBH Publishing Co., New
2252:. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Kathmandu, Nepal.
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The Kosi River is known as the "Sorrow of Bihar" as the annual floods affect about 21,000 km (8,100 sq mi) of fertile agricultural lands thereby disturbing the rural economy. It has an average water flow
1171:. Kosi is also invoked as the mother – 'Kosi Ma'. These images capture the contradiction that is inherent in the Kosi River as a source of life and death, prosperity and destruction; a mother and an enchanting virgin.
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The fury of the Kosi River left at least 2.5 million people marooned in eight districts and inundated 400 sq mi (1,000 km). The prime Minister of India declared it a national calamity. The Indian Army,
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is one of the largest in the world. It shows evidence of lateral channel shifting exceeding 120 km (75 mi) during the past 250 years, via at least twelve major channels. The river, which flowed near
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to meet the objectives of both countries for development of hydropower, irrigation, flood control and management and navigation. As currently outlined, the dam would displace approximately 10,000 people.
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Floods, Flood plains and Environmental Myths – State of Art of India's Environment – A Citizens' Report, Centre for Science and Environment, 807, Vishal Bhavavn, 95, Nehru Place, New Delhi – 110019.
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recitation is traditionally preceded by oṃ and the formula bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ, known as the mahāvyāhṛti ("great utterance"). The Gayatri Mantra is repeated and cited very widely in vedic literature,
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Sharma, U. P. (1996). "Ecology of the Koshi river in Nepal-India (north Bihar): a typical river ecosystem". In Jha, P. K.; Ghimire, G. P. S.; Karmacharya, S. B.; Baral, S. R.; Lacoul, P. (eds.).
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An inundation canal taking off at Chatra, where the Kosi River debouches into the plains, has been built to irrigate a gross area of 860 km in Nepal. The project was renovated with
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live in villages and seasonal settlements situated along the main tourist trails. Tourism to the region began in the early 1960s. In 2003, about 19,000 tourists arrived in the area.
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Thirdly, a high multipurpose dam was envisaged within Nepal at Barakshetra to provide a substantial flood cushion along with large irrigation and power benefits to both countries.
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Water Conflicts in South Asia, Managing Water Resources Disputes Within and Between Countries of the Region (2004), Published by GEE-21Honolulu Hi 96825–0517, USA.
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Design and Construction of selected Barrages in India (1981), Publication number 149, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi.
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a review of 28 historical maps dating 1760 to 1960 revealed a slight eastward shift for a long duration, and that the shift was random and oscillating in nature.
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Environment and biodiversity in the context of South Asia. Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Environment and Biodiversity, March 7–9, 1994, Kathmandu
1120:. It is a major tributary of the Ganges. One major tributary of the Kosi is the Arun, much of whose course is in Tibet. This river is mentioned in the epic '
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2179:
1979:
1162:, became known as the warrior goddess Durga who transformed into Kaushiki. In Ramayana, the river Ganges is depicted as her elder sister. According to
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Chakraborty, T.; Kar, R.; Ghosh, P.; Basu, S. (2010). "Kosi megafan: historical records, geomorphology and the recent avulsion of the Kosi River".
1947:
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The governments of India and Nepal agreed to conduct joint investigations and other studies for the preparation of a detailed project report of
750:, submerging several districts of Nepal and India. 95% of the Kosi's water flowed through the new course. The worst affected districts included
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some 15,000 km (5,800 sq mi) in extent, breaking into more than 12 distinct channels, all with shifting courses due to flooding.
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860:, also called Bhimnagar Barrage, was built between 1959 and 1963 and straddles the Indo-Nepal border. It is an irrigation, flood control and
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is widely distributed in Himalayan rivers up to 1,650 m (5,410 ft) altitude and also inhabits the Kosi River and its tributaries.
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2225:. Fish and Fisheries at Higher Altitudes: Asia. Issue 385 of FAO fisheries technical paper. Food & Agriculture Organisation. Pp. 13–40.
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Impact of climate change on Himalayan glaciers and glacial lakes: case studies on GLOF and associated hazards in Nepal and Bhutan
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Agarwal, R. P. & Bhoj R. (1992). "Evolution of Kosi river fan, India: structural implications and geomorphic significance".
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movement of the river. The embankments have been kept far apart, about 12 to 16 km (9.9 mi), to serve as a silt trap.
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Barrages in India (1981), Publication number 148, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi.
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Shijin, W. & Tao, Z. (2014). "Spatial change detection of glacial lakes in the Koshi River Basin, the Central Himalayas".
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and climatic belts varying in altitude from above 8,000 m (26,000 ft) to 95 m (312 ft) comprising the
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Secondly, embankments will be built both below and above the barrage to hold the river within the defined channel.
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Its unstable nature has been attributed to the power it can build up as it passes through the steep and narrow
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and non-government organizations operated the biggest flood rescue operation in India in more than 50 years.
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Contemporary human impacts on Alpine ecosystems in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) national park, Khumbu, Nepal
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Streams in Barun river valley Nepal – they join and merge into Arun river, another tributary of Koshi river
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Baral, H. S., Ram, A. K., Chaudhary, B., Basnet, S., Chaudhary, H., Giri, T. R. and D. Chaudhary (2012).
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2310:(Gmelin, 1789) (Gruiformes: Otididae) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and adjoining areas, eastern Nepal
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1737:(Dissertation). Jena: Faculty of Chemical and Earth Sciences of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
671:. A satellite image shows old channels with a confluence before 1731 with the Mahananda River north of
2114:"River in disequilibrium: How engineering attempts to 'tame the Kosi' have only added to human misery"
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are the major tributaries of Kosi River in India, besides minor tributaries such as Bhutahi Balān.
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this is praised in several well-known classical Hindu texts such as the Manusmṛti, Harivamsa and
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in Tibet and the southern slopes in Nepal. From a major confluence of tributaries north of the
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Kosi before flood (upper image), and flooded in August 2008. Courtesy: NASA Satellites (USA).
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with an area of 4,285 km (1,654 sq mi) in Nepal and its northern tributaries
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2140:"The Saptakoshi high dam project and its bio-physical consequences in the Arun river basin"
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Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites
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Evaluating upstream downstream linkages of Hydrological Dynamics in the Himalayan Region
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1677:(Report). Technical Paper. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. pp. 247–256.
1524:. Proceedings of the Exeter Symposium July 1996. IAHS Publishing no. 236. Pp. 583–586.
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427:. The Kosi is the third-largest tributary of the Ganges by water discharge after the
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with an area of 33,500 km (12,900 sq mi), most of which is in Tibet;
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1304:. It covers an area of 175 km (68 sq mi) comprising grasslands and
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the verse can be interpreted to invoke the deva Savitr, it is often called Sāvitrī
2088:"Work on Sapta Kosi high dam on hold due to disagreement between India and Nepal"
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power houses, each of 100 MW installed capacity are proposed on the power canal.
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approximately 48 km (30 mi) north of the Indo-Nepal border. Below the
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is available on the Sun Koshi river and tributaries. Sun Koshi has challenging
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605:. After flowing through the Chatra Gorge the Sapta Koshi is controlled by the
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in 1979. The landscape in the park is rugged consisting of mountain peaks,
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river sub-basin forms the south-western portion of the overall Kosi basin.
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2345:. Bird Conservation Nepal, Kathmandu and BirdLife International, Cambridge
782:, as well as adjoining regions of Nepal. Relief work was carried out with
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The river basin is surrounded by ridges which separate the Kosi from the
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Koshi Tappu Ramsar Site: Updates on Ramsar Information Sheet on Wetlands
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Jain, Sharad K.; Agarwal, Pushpendra K.; Singh, Vijay P. (16 May 2007).
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with an area of 6,053 km (2,337 sq mi) in eastern Nepal;
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1692:. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.
1642:"GIS in Flood Hazard Mapping: a case study of Kosi River Basin, India"
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is situated in the flood plains of the Saptkoshi River in the eastern
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GIS in Flood Hazard Mapping: a case study of Kosi River basin, India
2272:. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95 (1): 112–140.
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64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1616:"Anatomy of a flood: The case of Kosi in 2008 | India Water Portal"
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basin in the west. The eight tributaries of the basin upstream the
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950:(includes the Sapta Koshi Multipurpose Project mentioned above).
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to the Himalayas, meaning that it had existed before them and has
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from Tibet. The Sun Koshi's tributaries from east to west are the
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Bhuju, U. R., Shakya, P. R., Basnet, T. B., Shrestha, S. (2007).
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The current status of capture fishery in the upper Sunkoshi River
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1124:' as Kausiki. Formerly known as 'Kausiki,' named after the sage
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Dudh Koshi, one of the seven Himalayan tributaries of Kosi river
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700:) of 2,166 cubic metres per second (76,500 cu ft/s).
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Bajracharya, S. R.; Mool, P. K. & Shrestha, B. R. (2007).
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1494:. Water Resources Information system of India. Archived from
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in the east. The river is joined by major tributaries in the
1913:. NDTV. Press Trust of India. 26 August 2008. Archived from
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Erosion and Sediment Yield: Global and Regional Perspectives
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is present along the Koshi River. There are also records of
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The reason for such a large, deep gorge is that the river
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Important Bird Areas in Nepal: Key Sites for Conservation
2212:. Cab International, Oxfordshire, Cambridge. Pp. 23–40.
53:
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Jain, Sharad K.; Agarwal, P. K.; Singh, V. P. (2007).
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assistance after Nepal took over the project in 1976.
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breeds in the reserve. The reserve together with the
371:) for its seven upper tributaries. These include the
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Sediment management of the Kosi River basin in Nepal
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The mantra is named for its vedic gāyatrī metre as:
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first two parts of the plan were implemented by the
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2180:"Nepalnews.com Mercantile Connumications Pvt. Ltd"
2138:Rai, Dil Kumar; Linkha, Tika Ram (19 March 2020).
1703:Jain, S. K.; Agarwal, P. K.; Singh, V. P. (2007).
910:Sapta Koshi High Multipurpose Project (Indo-Nepal)
518:, the Himalayas, the Himalayan mid-hill belt, the
1877:"Bihar flood 'catastrophe'; CM seeks Govt's help"
1453:. Kathmandu: Ecological Society. pp. 92–99.
1315:. It was established in 1976 and was declared a
530:. The Dudh-Koshi sub-basin alone consists of 36
1946:. IST, AGENCIES. 26 August 2008. Archived from
2381:CNN-IBN documentaries on Bihar Floods 2008 by
1217:. Established in 1976 the park was declared a
815:1955), in three continuous interlinked stages
3784:
3493:
2933:
2449:
2320:. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(3): 2464–2469.
2206:River Tourism in the South Asian Subcontinent
1911:"Kosi wreaks havoc in Bihar, claims 42 lives"
1363:in Nepal is found in the reserve, as well as
893:deposition near Kosi embankment at Navbhata,
353:onwards, the Kosi River is also known as the
8:
2419:Kosi floods – methods to minimize the effect
1728:
1726:
1556:. Orient Longman Ltd., Hyderabad, New Delhi.
2235:
2233:
2231:
1520:. In: Walling, D. E. and B. W. Webb (eds.)
1084:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
992:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3791:
3777:
3769:
3523:
3500:
3486:
3478:
2963:
2940:
2926:
2918:
2696:
2456:
2442:
2434:
1938:"Bihar floods: 47 die; thousands marooned"
1444:
1442:
1359:species. The last surviving population of
1319:in 1987. The reserve provides habitat for
151:
138:View of Koshi Bridge and Koshi River from
2155:
1709:. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 358–359.
1470:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1104:Learn how and when to remove this message
1012:Learn how and when to remove this message
922:Sapta Koshi High Dam Multipurpose Project
311:2,500 m/s (88,000 cu ft/s)
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2594:Mahabharat Range (Lower Himalayan Range)
1024:Commercial river rafting, also known as
2424:Expert's biggest fear about 2008 floods
2306:Conservation status of Bengal Florican
1994:"Floods in India May Displace Millions"
1905:
1903:
1785:International Journal of Remote Sensing
1438:
804:National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
667:in the 18th century, now flows west of
407:. The Saptakoshi crosses into northern
345:. It drains the northern slopes of the
289:74,500 km (28,800 sq mi)
2208:. In: Prideaux, B., Cooper, M. (eds.)
1821:Hydrology and water resources of India
1706:Hydrology and water resources of India
1640:Bapalu, G. V. & Sinha, R. (2005).
1467:Hydrology and Water Resources of India
1187:are located in the Koshi River basin.
926:Sun Koshi Storage-cum-Diversion Scheme
93:
2223:Coldwater fish and fisheries in Nepal
2082:
2080:
2015:
2013:
2011:
7:
2341:Baral, H. S. and C. Inskipp (2005).
1116:The Kosi was also called Kausika in
1082:adding citations to reliable sources
990:adding citations to reliable sources
593:The three major tributaries meet at
510:The Kosi River catchment covers six
2308:Houbaropsis bengalensis bengalensis
2047:"The Kosi and the Embankment Story"
1897:Dainik Hindustan, Darbhanga edition
627:Peaks located in the basin include
538:. The Kosi River basin borders the
2429:Fixing Kosi – How is that possible
2182:. Nepal News. 2006. Archived from
1978:. 1 September 2008. Archived from
1854:"Flood devastation in Bihar state"
798:water back to the main river bed.
25:
1347:, 485 bird species including 114
1265:, and 208 bird species including
3248:
2404:Struggling rivers: crying waters
1249:. The park provides habitat for
1167:hermit Richeek wandering in the
1054:
962:
729:
718:
132:
34:
27:River in Tibet, Nepal, and India
411:, India where it branches into
2294:. The Initiation 2 (1): 10–16.
1351:species, 200 fish species, 24
157:Map showing Koshi Tributaries
1:
3702:Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge
3060:Tama Kosi or Rongshar Tsangpo
2144:Geographical Journal of Nepal
2051:Economic and Political Weekly
2045:Mishra, Dinesh Kumar (2008).
597:, from where they are called
230:Physical characteristics
4228:International rivers of Asia
4161:Reservoirs and dams in India
3447:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
2568:Sino-Nepal Friendship Bridge
1750:Environmental Earth Sciences
1596:. San Diego State University
1398:was identified as one of 27
1375:. A small population of the
1298:Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
1292:Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
1158:, after defeating the demon
3162:Trishuli or Kyirong Tsangpo
3055:Sun Kosi or Matsang Tsangpo
2537:Sunkoshi or Matsang Tsangpo
1204:in Sagarmatha National Park
624:since they started rising.
581:, Likhu Khola, Tama Koshi,
558:include from east to west:
462:, the river has built up a
367:
259: • location
123:
109:
60:the claims made and adding
4264:
4248:Rivers of Madhesh Province
3984:Inland lakes, deltas, etc.
2704:Autonomous Region of China
1594:"Kosi River, Bihar, India"
1219:UNESCO World Heritage Site
913:
879:
842:
707:
609:before it drains into the
307: • average
4233:Tributaries of the Ganges
3243:
1824:. Springer. p. 341.
1805:10.1080/01431169208904238
1762:10.1007/s12665-014-3338-y
1655:(13): 1–6. Archived from
790:that 42 people had died.
362:
315:
293:
281:729 km (453 mi)
273:
234:
150:
131:
118:
104:
4213:Rivers of Koshi Province
2329:BirdLife International.
1620:www.indiawaterportal.org
1536:Quaternary International
1384:white-throated bush chat
1210:Sagarmatha National Park
1191:Sagarmatha National Park
542:basin in the north, the
4243:Braided rivers in India
2551:Dams, barrages, bridges
2316:1 November 2012 at the
2157:10.3126/gjn.v13i0.28157
1581:Encyclopædia Britannica
1417:List of rivers of Nepal
1412:List of rivers of India
546:basin in the east, the
190:Tibet Autonomous Region
1649:GIS Development Weekly
1205:
902:
876:Kosi embankment system
854:
778:and northern parts of
692:
507:
499:
2577:Geographical features
2409:Legend of Kosi Maiyaa
2281:Karki, J. B. (2008).
2221:Shrestha, J. (1999).
1377:critically endangered
1198:
1046:Cultural significance
1036:grades of class 4–5.
889:
852:
686:
550:in the south and the
505:
497:
481:in Nepal. During the
444:Yarlung Tsangpo River
379:area in the east and
375:originating from the
4172:Rivers of Bangladesh
3722:Arrah–Chhapra Bridge
3010:Bhote Koshi or Boqu
2613:Important localities
2290:14 July 2014 at the
2248:26 July 2011 at the
1554:India's Water Wealth
1400:Important Bird Areas
1373:rufous-vented prinia
1279:yellow-billed chough
1078:improve this section
986:improve this section
450:in the west and the
333:which flows through
4138:Lakes of Bangladesh
3801:Indian subcontinent
3799:Hydrography of the
3717:Munger Ganga Bridge
3712:Mahatma Gandhi Setu
3569:Kosi or Sapta Koshi
3147:Narayani or Gandaki
2204:Cooper, M. (2009).
2112:Dixit, Kanak Mani.
1917:on 3 September 2008
1875:Sharma, T. (2008).
1852:Tewary, A. (2008).
1797:1992IJRS...13.1891A
1673:Ranjit, R. (2002).
1662:on 5 December 2013.
1552:Rao, K. L. (1975).
1341:smooth-coated otter
916:Saptakoshi High Dam
833:Government of India
795:Government of Bihar
704:2008 flood in Bihar
415:before joining the
331:transboundary river
4238:Landforms of Tibet
3452:Kali Gandaki Gorge
3035:Kosi or Sapta Kosi
2838:Friendship Highway
2807:Nepal Bhasa/Newari
2762:Darbhanga division
2268:Byers, A. (2005).
1975:The Times of India
1950:on 22 October 2012
1943:The Times of India
1733:Nepal, S. (2012).
1516:Nayak, J. (1996).
1392:bristled grassbird
1361:wild water buffalo
1206:
1026:whitewater rafting
903:
855:
693:
508:
500:
446:in the north, the
45:possibly contains
4200:
4199:
4061:Kerala backwaters
3766:
3765:
3681:Indrapuri Barrage
3653:
3652:
3630:Lilajan/Niranjana
3475:
3474:
3241:
3240:
3218:Sarda or Mahakali
3193:Karnali or Ghagra
2993:Sapta Koshi basin
2915:
2914:
2790:Languages/ people
2785:
2784:
2258:978-92-9115-033-5
2186:on 7 October 2006
1831:978-1-4020-5179-1
1791:(10): 1891–1901.
1756:(11): 4381–4391.
1716:978-1-4020-5179-1
1477:978-1-4020-5180-7
1201:Pinus wallichiana
1152:Markandeya Purana
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622:entrenched itself
319:
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90:
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47:original research
16:(Redirected from
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4102:Gulf of Khambhat
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3742:Vikramshila Setu
3697:Bridges in Bihar
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3122:East Rapti River
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2848:Mahendra Highway
2797:Standard Tibetan
2697:
2693:districts/ areas
2681:2008 Bihar flood
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2777:Munger division
2772:Purnia division
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2740:Sagarmatha Zone
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2676:Floods in Bihar
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2584:Tibetan Plateau
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397:Tamakoshi River
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3707:Koilwar Bridge
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2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2334:
2322:
2296:
2274:
2261:
2227:
2214:
2197:
2171:
2130:
2104:
2076:
2037:
2025:117.252.14.242
2007:
1985:
1982:on 8 May 2013.
1961:
1929:
1899:
1890:
1867:
1844:
1830:
1810:
1775:
1740:
1722:
1715:
1695:
1680:
1665:
1632:
1607:
1585:
1568:
1558:
1545:
1526:
1509:
1498:on 1 June 2016
1483:
1476:
1456:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1293:
1290:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1112:
1111:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1020:
1019:
970:
968:
961:
955:
952:
946:
943:
914:Main article:
911:
908:
880:Main article:
877:
874:
843:Main article:
840:
837:
828:
827:
824:
821:
811:
808:
738:
737:
728:
727:
726:
717:
716:
715:
714:
713:
708:Main article:
705:
702:
687:Flooded north
680:
677:
611:Gangetic plain
591:
590:
572:
566:
491:
488:
413:distributaries
317:
316:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
261:
255:
254:
240:
236:
235:
232:
231:
227:
226:
205:
201:
200:
194:Koshi province
187:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
148:
147:
137:
129:
128:
99:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4260:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Laccadive Sea
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:Gulf of Kutch
4095:
4093:
4092:Bay of Bengal
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Skeleton Lake
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:Inland rivers
3806:
3802:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Rajendra Setu
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3426:Koshi Barrage
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:Salpa Pokhari
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:Gupha Pokhari
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Bishazari Tal
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3246:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:Karnali basin
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Budhi Gandaki
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:Bagmati basin
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:Kosi division
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Nyalam County
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Namche Bazaar
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:Sivalik Hills
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Koshi Barrage
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:River Tourism
2207:
2201:
2198:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:(46): 47–52.
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1542:(2): 143–160.
1541:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:Koshi Barrage
1393:
1389:
1388:Finn's weaver
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1286:Sherpa people
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:snow leopards
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:Mount Everest
1211:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1183:In Nepal two
1178:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1143:Bhagavad Gita
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1108:
1105:
1097:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1063:This section
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1016:
1013:
1005:
995:
991:
987:
981:
980:
976:
971:This section
969:
965:
960:
959:
953:
951:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
917:
909:
907:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
875:
873:
871:
866:
863:
859:
853:Koshi Barrage
851:
846:
845:Koshi Barrage
838:
836:
834:
825:
822:
818:
817:
816:
809:
807:
805:
799:
796:
791:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
732:
721:
711:
703:
701:
699:
690:
685:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:Kangchenjunga
630:
629:Mount Everest
625:
623:
619:
618:is antecedent
614:
612:
608:
607:Koshi Barrage
604:
600:
596:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
559:
557:
553:
552:Gandaki River
549:
545:
541:
540:Tsangpo River
537:
536:glacier lakes
533:
529:
525:
524:Siwalik Hills
521:
517:
513:
504:
496:
489:
487:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
314:
310:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
233:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
161:
154:
149:
145:
141:
135:
130:
125:
116:
111:
102:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
4082:Indian Ocean
4066:Pulicat Lake
4036:Saiful Muluk
4021:Chilika Lake
4011:Pookode Lake
3996:Ganges Delta
3991:Ganges Basin
3894:
3727:Jawahar Setu
3539:Burhi Gandak
3467:Chatra Gorge
3462:Barun Valley
3328:Rani Pokhari
3313:Kubinde Daha
3308:Khaptad Lake
3256:Nepal portal
3157:Seti Gandaki
3142:Myagdi Khola
3127:Kali Gandaki
3034:
2872:Other basins
2604:Chatra Gorge
2516:
2482:Arun/Bum-chu
2464:
2383:Marya Shakil
2342:
2337:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2283:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2241:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:the original
2174:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2021:"Kosi River"
1998:. Retrieved
1988:
1980:the original
1973:
1970:"The Deluge"
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:the original
1941:
1932:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:the original
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1820:
1813:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1705:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1668:
1657:the original
1652:
1648:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1588:
1579:
1571:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:the original
1492:"Kosi Basin"
1486:
1466:
1459:
1450:
1325:spotted deer
1295:
1283:
1247:rhododendron
1207:
1199:
1182:
1173:
1148:
1130:
1115:
1100:
1091:
1076:Please help
1064:
1038:
1023:
1008:
999:
984:Please help
972:
948:
939:
935:
931:
925:
921:
919:
904:
867:
858:Kosi Barrage
856:
839:Kosi barrage
829:
813:
810:Kosi Project
800:
792:
744:
694:
660:alluvial fan
657:
649:Shishapangma
626:
615:
603:Seven Rivers
602:
598:
592:
556:Chatra Gorge
548:Ganges Basin
509:
479:Chatra Gorge
476:
441:
437:
377:Kanchenjunga
354:
351:Chatra Gorge
326:
322:
320:
251:Tamur Rivers
91:
76:
70:October 2021
67:
44:
4122:Palk Strait
4087:Arabian Sea
4046:Nizam Sagar
4031:Borith Lake
4001:Indus Delta
3835:Brahmaputra
3598:South Bihar
3589:Ratua Khola
3527:North Bihar
3509:Hydrography
3457:Western Cwm
3389:Lhotse Shar
3273:Begnas Lake
3228:Thuli Bheri
3188:Budhi Ganga
3137:Marshyangdi
2984:Ratua Khola
2949:Hydrography
2150:: 167–184.
1879:. Network18
1317:Ramsar site
1284:About 3500
1164:Mahabharata
1122:Mahabharata
1094:August 2020
1002:August 2020
787:helicopters
774:, parts of
599:Sapta Koshi
583:Bhote Koshi
563:Tamur River
401:Bhote Koshi
393:Likhu Khola
373:Tamur River
18:Sapta Koshi
4207:Categories
4131:Categories
4056:Malampuzha
4041:Gosaikunda
4026:Lake Powai
3830:Bhagirathi
3732:Nehru Setu
3658:Waterfalls
3369:Ambulapcha
3298:Gosaikunda
3278:Bharat Tal
3025:Imja Khola
2507:Imja Khola
2497:Dudh Koshi
2492:Bhotekoshi
2362:Kathmandu.
2331:Grasslands
1856:. BBC News
1576:Kosi River
1433:References
1402:of Nepal.
1349:water bird
1277:, and the
1255:red pandas
1126:Viśvāmitra
945:Hydropower
862:hydropower
569:Arun River
512:geological
389:Dudh Koshi
381:Arun River
368:saptakoshī
355:Saptakoshi
286:Basin size
54:improve it
4192:Sri Lanka
4165:Sri Lanka
4154:Sri Lanka
3945:Sarasvati
3915:Mahananda
3620:Karmanasa
3610:Durgavati
3579:Mahananda
3574:Lakhandei
3442:Gorakshep
3353:Imja Tsho
3323:Phoksundo
3096:Lakhandei
3086:Bisnumati
3045:Sangkhuwa
3030:Indravati
3015:Dudh Kosi
2897:Baitarani
2831:Transport
2735:Kosi Zone
2650:Bhimnagar
2635:Bahrabise
2630:Dolalghat
2589:Himalayas
2527:Sangkhuwa
2512:Indravati
2190:30 August
2166:2565-4993
2118:Scroll.in
2063:0012-9976
2000:30 August
1996:. Nytimes
1954:26 August
1927:dead link
1921:26 August
1883:26 August
1860:26 August
1770:128404078
1357:amphibian
1333:blue bull
1329:wild boar
1275:snow cock
1259:musk deer
1231:blue pine
1169:Himalayas
1065:does not
1030:canyoning
973:does not
780:Bhagalpur
764:Madhepura
698:discharge
658:The Kosi
587:Indravati
579:Dudh Kosi
490:Geography
452:Mahananda
405:Indravati
347:Himalayas
298:Discharge
224:Bhagalpur
58:verifying
4188:Pakistan
4150:Pakistan
4117:Palk Bay
4006:Dal Lake
3920:Mahaweli
3910:Mahanadi
3870:Ghaghara
3855:Godavari
3554:Ghaghara
3403:Icefalls
3394:Ngozumpa
3362:Glaciers
3198:Kalapani
3117:Daraundi
2893:Brahmani
2889:Mahanadi
2884:Godavari
2817:Maithili
2691:Riparian
2660:Khagaria
2314:Archived
2288:Archived
2246:Archived
2092:ANI News
2071:40278181
1837:26 April
1406:See also
1321:hog deer
1223:glaciers
776:Khagaria
601:meaning
575:Sun Kosi
534:and 296
532:glaciers
526:and the
460:Siwaliks
431:and the
429:Ghaghara
385:Sun Kosi
383:and the
363:सप्तकोशी
243:Sun Kosi
163:Location
4075:Coastal
3950:Sankosh
3930:Narmada
3900:Krishna
3860:Gandaki
3850:Damodar
3840:Chambal
3815:Bagmati
3690:Bridges
3665:Kakolat
3544:Gandaki
3534:Bagmati
3348:Tilicho
3208:Panjang
3081:Bagmati
2902:Narmada
2879:Damodar
2822:Bajjika
2123:18 June
2097:18 June
2030:18 June
1793:Bibcode
1600:9 March
1578:at the
1502:7 April
1427:Katihar
1355:and 11
1353:reptile
1243:juniper
1118:Rigveda
1086:removed
1071:sources
1040:Mahseer
994:removed
979:sources
901:, India
895:Saharsa
772:Katihar
760:Saharsa
691:, India
669:Saharsa
653:Bagmati
645:Cho Oyu
595:Triveni
483:monsoon
464:megafan
448:Gandaki
421:Kursela
264:Triveni
220:Katihar
212:Sunsari
208:Saptari
168:Country
140:Saptari
52:Please
4176:Bhutan
3975:Yamuna
3965:Sutlej
3955:Sharda
3925:Meghna
3890:Kaveri
3880:Jhelum
3865:Ganges
3845:Chenab
3640:Punpun
3635:Mohana
3564:Kankai
3559:Kamala
3549:Ganges
3520:Rivers
3410:Khumbu
3384:Khumbu
3213:Rohini
3091:Kamala
2979:Kankai
2960:Rivers
2863:NH 107
2858:NH 106
2802:Nepali
2669:Floods
2655:Supaul
2625:Kodari
2475:Rivers
2399:Part 4
2395:Part 3
2391:Part 2
2387:Part 1
2256:
2164:
2069:
2061:
1828:
1768:
1713:
1625:4 June
1566:Delhi.
1474:
1422:Kolasi
1390:. The
1345:jackal
1310:sissoo
1028:, and
820:India.
768:Purnia
756:Araria
752:Supaul
679:Floods
665:Purnea
651:. The
641:Makalu
637:Lhotse
522:, the
468:Kamalā
433:Yamuna
417:Ganges
359:Nepali
301:
278:Length
239:Source
216:Supaul
204:Cities
101:Nepali
4184:Nepal
4180:India
4146:Nepal
4142:India
3970:Tapti
3935:Padma
3875:Indus
3825:Betwa
3615:Falgu
3584:Mechi
3513:Bihar
3374:Hunku
3318:Phewa
3293:Gokyo
3266:Lakes
3183:Bheri
3178:Babai
3065:Tamor
3050:Siswa
3040:Sabha
3020:Hongu
3005:Barun
2974:Mechi
2953:Nepal
2853:NH 27
2812:Limbu
2754:India
2750:Bihar
2727:Nepal
2701:Tibet
2645:Lukla
2542:Tamur
2532:Siswa
2522:Sabha
2502:Hongu
2487:Barun
2468:basin
2067:JSTOR
1766:S2CID
1660:(PDF)
1645:(PDF)
1306:khair
1302:Terai
1239:birch
1156:Shiva
1034:rapid
899:Bihar
748:Nepal
689:Bihar
528:Terai
419:near
409:Bihar
343:India
339:Nepal
335:China
329:is a
327:Koshi
268:Nepal
198:Bihar
186:State
180:India
176:Nepal
172:China
144:Nepal
115:Hindi
110:koshī
97:Koshi
3940:Ravi
3905:Luni
3895:Kosi
3885:Kali
3820:Beas
3625:Kiul
3605:Ajay
3379:Imja
3338:Rupa
3333:Rara
3223:Seti
3203:Kali
3132:Madi
2517:Kosi
2465:Kosi
2254:ISBN
2192:2013
2162:ISSN
2125:2021
2099:2021
2059:ISSN
2032:2021
2002:2013
1956:2008
1923:2008
1885:2008
1862:2008
1839:2011
1826:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1627:2022
1602:2019
1504:2016
1472:ISBN
1386:and
1371:and
1337:gaur
1296:The
1245:and
1208:The
1160:Durg
1069:any
1067:cite
977:any
975:cite
924:and
891:Silt
793:The
673:Lava
647:and
585:and
470:and
403:and
341:and
323:Kosi
321:The
249:and
247:Arun
124:kosī
119:कोसी
105:कोशी
3960:Son
3645:Son
3511:of
2951:of
2907:Son
2152:doi
1801:doi
1758:doi
1540:227
1235:fir
1227:oak
1080:by
988:by
870:IDA
423:in
325:or
56:by
4209::
4190:/
4186:/
4182:/
4178:/
4174:/
4163:/
4152:/
4148:/
4144:/
4140:/
2752:,
2397:,
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2230:^
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2079:^
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2010:^
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1441:^
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3792:e
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