518:
613:
However, about the interpretation of Sarama as canine, Sri
Aurobindo adds, "The image of the hound of heaven is, however, exceedingly apt and striking and was bound to develop out of the legend". Max Müller relates Sarama to the Ushas, the Dawn. The tale of kidnapping of the cows and their recovery, he explains, is the disappearance of the bright cows or rays of the Sun. Sarama, the Dawn, finds them and is followed by Indra, the god of light.
423:. The asuras seize control of Heaven from Indra, who is advised to organize a cow sacrifice to regain control. The cows of the world are gathered for the ceremony and Sarama is put in charge of them. The asuras, however, seize the cows and bribe Sarama with their milk, leaving her alone in the woods. Trembling with fear, Sarama goes to Indra and tells him that she did not know what happened to the cows. The
417:
of the cows. The Panis grant her the wish, and, after drinking the excellent milk, Sarama returns to Indra, who questions her about the cows. Sarama, under influence of the milk, pretends ignorance. Agitated, Indra kicks her and she vomits the milk. Frightened, she leads Indra to the cave, who then slaughters the Panis and recovers the cows. A similar account also appears in the
1349:
336:, a stone cave. Indra sends Sarama on Brihaspati's advice. Sarama tracks the cows to Vala, where the Panis try unsuccessfully to lure her to their side. Sayana also states that Sarama makes a deal with Indra before embarking on the search, that her children will be given milk and other food. The 15th century work
608:
do not refer to Sarama as canine. She may be a fair-footed goddess to whom the Panis are attracted and whom they ask to be their sister. It is only in later interpretations of the Vedic imagery that Sarama becomes a divine hound, who sniffs out the Panis and leads her master to them. According to Sri
559:
site. The crying dog complains to its mother Sarama that it was beaten by
Janamejaya's brothers for no reason. Sarama reaches Janamejaya's sacrifice site and curses him that since he has harmed her son without reason, unseen danger will befall him. The curse frightens the king and he finds a priest,
416:
of the Rig Vedic legend, composed around 400 BCE, Sarama is less faithful to Indra than in the original. When the Panis steal the cows of Indra, Indra sends Sarama to them as an envoy. The Panis try to lure Sarama to their side and offer her to share their steal. Sarama refuses but asks for the milk
323:
add to the story. Indra first sends a supernatural bird
Suparna to retrieve the cows, but he proves disloyal. Indra then deputes Sarama, who agrees to find the cows on the condition that her children will be given milk. This deal secures milk not only for her children, but also for mankind. Sayana's
245:
s, as narrated in the variants of the legend. Sarama is described to have found the milk of the cattle, which nourished humanity. This is interpreted as Sarama teaching man to milk cows and use the butter created from it for fire-sacrifices. Sarama also finds food for her own young in the robbers'
612:
The role of Sarama in the Rig Vedic legend leads Sri
Aurobindo to say, "Sarama is some power of Light and probably of Dawn". She "must be a forerunner of the dawn of Truth in the human mind". Sarama is "the traveller and the seeker who does not herself possess but rather finds what is lost".
427:, who are deputed by Indra to protect Sarama, witness Sarama's treachery and report it to Indra. Indra kicks Sarama in the stomach and she throws up the milk. Sarama then leads Indra to the asuras, who are killed by him. Indra then completes his sacrifice and becomes the king of heaven again.
397:
narrate that Sarama, the "goddess in guise of a dog", was deputed by Indra to roam in the mortal world, where she saw starving people. So Sarama created water to sustain food and led the water to flow in fields. She also found the divine cows, who provided milk to mankind. Yaska's
609:
Aurobindo, the phrase in which Sarama demands food for her progeny is misinterpreted with equating Sarama's children to a dog-race born of Sarama. It is the reference to the
Sarameya dogs – sons of Sarama – in a late hymn that cements the notion of Sarama being a dog.
294:, tells about the fair-footed Sarama finding the hide-out and leading Indra to the cows. Here, Sarama is described as "knowing", suggesting her intuitive powers. Brief allusions to Sarama appear in the rest of the hymns, such as the one by Parashara Shaktya.
632:, which speaks of Sarama's unfaithfulness, also mentions Sarama as one of the names of Vac in the middle sphere (world), where Vac is said to have three forms in three spheres. Sarama is also mentioned as a deity within Indra's sphere in the same text.
340:
by Dva
Dviveda comments that "Though knowing The Truth, a person out of greed in this earthly life, loses all senses of values; Sarama, who knew The Truth, begged food from Indra on the occasion of redeeming the
492:) like Shyama, Sabala, Alaba, Rji etc. which cause cough in children, Sarama is mentioned as their mother. Sarama's spying on the cows is mentioned, with Indra giving her the right to pester children in return.
254:
s, are white with tawny limbs. They are described as common watchdogs, who can not distinguish between Indra's worshippers and the robbers. As a messenger of Indra, Sarama is depicted in the
402:
also records the story of the dialogue between Sarama and the Panis, and the story of the recovery of the cows, with his commentator, Durgacharya, filling in details in Sarama's tale later.
1195:
258:(10.108) as having a conversation with a group of Panis, in which the Panis even tempt her to share their booty and be their sister, although Sarama refuses. Sarama
222:
70:
to recover divine cows stolen by the Panis asuras. This legend is alluded to in many later texts, and Sarama is often associated with Indra. The epic
664:
477:, the Lord of the Law in the Vedas and later the god of death. They are guardians to the path of heaven, protecting man on their path. A hymn in the
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Often described as the mother of all dogs, she is also sometimes regarded as the mother of all beasts of prey, including lions and tigers, as in
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to devour children under the age of sixteen. It says Sarama, the mother of all dogs, Lord of the world, snatches human fetuses from wombs.
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to recover them. Sarama is described to have found the cows "by the path of truth". She does this on the bidding of either Indra,
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616:
When explaining the two references in which Sarama follows the "path of Truth", Sayana calls Sarama the heavenly dog or Speech (
169:, which means "having good feet", "fair-footed" or "quick", an epithet only used for Sarama in the text. Her other epithet is
328:, simplifies and adds some details to the original story as told in the Rig Veda. The ownership of the cows is attributed to
283:
of the Atris (5.45.8). Here, she is said to have found the herds by the path of the Truth. Another hymn, the 31st of the
473:, are described without an explicit reference to Sarama as their mother. They are four-eyed and brindled; messengers of
250:
s hold for the gods after the recovery of the cattle, Sarama is neither given sacrifice nor invoked. Sarama's children,
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has another reference to Sarama, which talks about her dew-claws, suggesting her place as deity for all dogs.
1121:
742:
Puranic
Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
707:
1659:
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470:
233:. The Panis then hide the cows in a cave, until Sarama follows the tracks of the thieves and helps
213:, including the first (1.62.3, 1.72.8), third (3.31.6), fourth (4.16.8) and fifth (5.45.7, 5.45.8)
104:("offspring of Sarama"). One scripture further describes Sarama as the mother of all wild animals.
309:
to look for the cows and repeats that a conversation took place between Sarama and the Panis. The
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mentions that Sarama derives her name from her quick movement. Mahidhara, a commentator of the
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usually do. She is described as the mother of all dogs, in particular of the two four-eyed
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s and the winning of the highest realms of existence, the most important of which is the
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There are two epithets for Sarama in the original Rig Veda. Firstly, she is described as
1024:
1017:
1306:
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The
Mahabharata, Volume 2: Book 2: The Book of Assembly; Book 3: The Book of the Forest
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does not mention Sarama herself. However, it does mention an incident in which the god
521:
King
Janamejaya's brothers beat up a dog – son of Sarama, who curses the king in return
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says that Shyama and Sabala are sons of Sarama, their father Sisara. In a spell called
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is regarded as the author of her speech in this hymn. The 3rd century BCE text
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Sarama is also mentioned in a few Vedic hymns, usually in connection with the
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52:) is a mythological dog being referred to as the female dog of the gods, or
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for beating a
Sarameya – descendant of Sarama – for no reason. The epic
124:("to go"), but he is unable to account for the second part of the name,
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may mean "the runner", with the stem originating from the Sanskrit root
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806:. Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Dept. pp. 211–22.
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named Somashravas, to free him from the curse. In the second book,
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620:) herself. The Vac-identity of Sarama is also emphasized in the
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s or Brihaspati. The cows are stolen by Panis, who dwell in the
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Early Rig-Vedic works do not depict Sarama as a dog, but later
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s (evil spirits), who are allowed by their "son", the war-god
182:
62:). She first appears in one of Hinduism's earliest texts, the
709:
Indo-Aryan Deities and Worship – As Contained in the Rig Veda
570:
in his court or are members of his court. In the third book,
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legend (1700–1100 BCE), which is related many times in the
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also mentions the Panis' offer to Sarama and her refusal.
229:
s – the ancestors of man, who were the sons of the sage
555:'s brothers beat up a dog, who comes near Janamejaya's
371:
repeat Rig-Vedic verses with references to Sarama. The
305:(a part of the Rig-Veda), records that Indra sent the
246:
hide-out. However, in the thanks-giving sacrifice the
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s (Books of the Rig Veda). In the legend a group of
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1498:
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Sarama and her Children: The Dog in the Indian Myth
545:has a similar story. In the first book of the epic
1016:
994:"Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 6 Chapter 6 Verses 24-26"
1052:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 52, 658.
1160:Sarama and Her Children: The Dog in Indian Myth
136:as "the fleet one". The etymological treatise
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8:
604:emphasize that most references in the early
454:("Earth"), and the sister of Brihaspati and
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1019:The Mahabharata: The Book of the Beginning
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488:, intended to drive away the Dog-spirits (
66:, in which she helps the king of the gods
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1083:"Attention Required! | Cloudflare"
1023:. University of Chicago Press. p.
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624:s and by Mahidhara, commentator of the
82:, also make brief reference to Sarama.
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162:has also come to mean any female dog.
188:It has been suggested that the Greek
87:Vedic mythologies and interpretations
7:
665:"Monier-Williams Dictionary p. 1182"
241:, or a combination of Indra and the
1126:Lectures on the science of language
802:(2003). "XX: The Hound of Heaven".
769:. Penguin Books India. p. 77.
16:Female dog of the gods in Hinduism
14:
1347:
1128:. Vol. 2. pp. 481–543.
596:Scholars, including Max Müller,
592:Interpretations and associations
406:Brhaddevata and related versions
225:kidnap the cattle tended by the
177:, the Dawn. Sarama's other name
1122:"Lecture XI: Myths of the Dawn"
469:(literally, "sons of Sarama"),
744:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
712:. Read Books. pp. 350–8.
509:in this Purana and not a dog.
1:
936:. Penguin Classics. pp.
576:, Sarama is listed among the
201:Rig veda and related versions
1048:van Buitenen, J A B (1975).
1015:van Buitenen, J A B (1973).
501:. She is also a daughter of
461:In a late hymn in the tenth
446:– a holy altar, daughter of
324:commentary on the Rig Veda,
23:and wife of Vibhishana, see
1133:Singh, Nagendra KR (1997).
205:Sarama is the subject of a
158:) the gods". More broadly,
58:
48:
1741:
185:" or "bitch of the gods".
18:
1705:Hindu legendary creatures
1669:
1345:
932:Hindu myths: a sourcebook
97:, and dogs are given the
43:
1653:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
192:is a cognate of Sarama.
154:is "she who entertains (
196:Finding the stolen cows
116:suggests that the word
1162:, New Delhi: Penguin,
1158:Debroy, Bibek (2008).
804:The secret of the Veda
765:Debroy, Bibek (2008).
522:
431:Parentage and children
108:Etymology and epithets
740:Mani, Vettam (1975).
706:Pike, Albert (1930).
520:
505:and wife of the sage
465:of the Rig Veda, two
19:For character in the
442:states Sarama is a
385:Taittiriya Brahmana
373:Atharvaveda Samhita
301:, the index to the
1137:. APH Publishing.
1095:Müller pp. 487–491
626:Vajasaneyi Samhita
523:
362:Maitrayani Samhita
354:Vajasaneyi Samhita
312:Jaiminiya Brahmana
148:Vajasaneyi Samhita
1700:Mythological dogs
1687:
1686:
1168:978-0-14-306470-1
1004:on July 12, 2010.
840:Singh pp. 144–153
471:Shyama and Sabala
326:Vedartha Prakasha
25:Sarama (Ramayana)
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1725:Dogs in Hinduism
1720:Animal goddesses
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1205:Hindu deities
1199:
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619:
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1553:Gramadevatas
1487:
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1072:Singh p. 143
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571:
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546:
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485:
481:Grihya Sutra
478:
466:
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372:
365:
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299:Anukramanika
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128:. Professor
125:
121:
117:
112:Orientalist
111:
101:
84:
77:
71:
53:
35:
29:
20:
1637:Mahabharata
1548:Kuladevatas
1327:Vishvakarma
1118:Müller, Max
630:Brhaddevata
563:Sabha Parva
542:Mahabharata
535:punishes a
437:Taittiriya
413:Brhaddevata
382:texts like
367:Atharvaveda
345:(cattle)."
338:Nitimanjari
321:Satyayanaka
292:Vishwamitra
132:translates
76:, and some
73:Mahabharata
56:(देव-शुनी,
1694:Categories
1619:Upanishads
1538:Gandharvas
1262:Dattatreya
1111:References
573:Vana Parva
553:Janamejaya
479:Paraskara
307:Deva-shuni
260:Deva-shuni
239:Brihaspati
179:Deva-shuni
114:Max Müller
99:matronymic
54:Deva-shuni
1558:Rakshasas
1428:Mahavidya
1371:Saraswati
1358:Goddesses
1287:Kartikeya
800:Aurobindo
548:Adi Parva
525:The epic
490:sav-graha
391:Apastamba
268:Katyayana
207:Rig-Vedic
1674:Hinduism
1630:Ramayana
1572:Yakshini
1478:Shashthi
1438:Matrikas
1423:Mahadevi
1225:Trimurti
1120:(1865).
928:(1975).
528:Ramayana
507:Kashyapa
467:Sarameya
439:Aranyaka
380:Brahmana
364:and the
330:Angirasa
275:Angirasa
252:Sarameya
248:Angirasa
243:Angirasa
227:Angirasa
102:Sarameya
64:Rig Veda
59:devaśunī
40:Sanskrit
21:Ramayana
1710:Rigveda
1624:Puranas
1612:Atharva
1581:Texts (
1568:Yakshas
1563:Vahanas
1533:Dikpāla
1506:Apsaras
1458:Rukmini
1433:Matangi
1381:Parvati
1376:Lakshmi
1366:Tridevi
1292:Krishna
1272:Hanuman
1267:Ganesha
1257:Chandra
1252:Ashvins
578:Matrika
551:, king
537:Brahmin
463:Mandala
452:Prithvi
410:In the
400:Nirukta
369:Samhita
358:Kathaka
350:Samhita
287:Mandala
231:Angiras
215:Mandala
171:subhaga
156:remante
139:Nirukta
91:brindle
79:Puranas
1528:Devata
1521:Danava
1516:Daitya
1511:Asuras
1473:Shakti
1463:Sanjna
1453:Rohini
1413:Shachi
1398:Chhaya
1317:Varuna
1307:Shasta
1297:Kubera
1235:Vishnu
1230:Brahma
1166:
1141:
1056:
1031:
944:
810:
773:
748:
716:
628:. The
586:Skanda
568:Brahma
503:Daksha
425:Maruts
360:, the
356:, the
317:Sayana
285:third
221:named
219:Asuras
190:Hermes
167:supadi
160:Sarama
152:Sarama
134:Sarama
118:Sarama
49:Saramā
36:Sarama
1607:Yajur
1592:Vedas
1443:Radha
1408:Ganga
1403:Durga
1393:Bhumi
1388:Aditi
1312:Surya
1277:Indra
1240:Shiva
1209:texts
636:Notes
557:yajna
513:Epics
456:Rudra
448:Dyaus
280:Sukta
235:Indra
223:Panis
183:bitch
175:Ushas
144:Yaska
68:Indra
1660:more
1602:Sama
1583:list
1543:Gana
1489:more
1483:Sita
1468:Sati
1448:Rati
1418:Kali
1338:more
1332:Yama
1322:Vayu
1302:Rama
1282:Kama
1247:Agni
1217:Gods
1207:and
1164:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1029:ISBN
942:ISBN
940:–3.
808:ISBN
771:ISBN
746:ISBN
714:ISBN
606:Veda
600:and
533:Rama
475:Yama
444:vedi
435:The
388:and
378:The
348:The
343:kine
334:Vala
315:and
297:The
211:Veda
95:Yama
44:सरमा
1597:Rig
618:Vāc
290:by
266:of
142:by
126:ama
122:sar
30:In
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