131:, are also attested in the Icelandic manuscript fragment Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, AM 687 b 4to, thought to date from between 1490 and 1510. They seem to come from a collection of at least nineteen riddles and to have originated in Continental Scandinavia around the twelfth or thirteenth century. Their solutions are thought to be
192:
With the advent of print in the West, collections of riddles and similar kinds of questions began to be published. A large number of riddle collections were printed in the German-speaking world and, partly under German influence, in
Scandinavia. Scandinavian riddles have also been extensively
146:
Scattered riddles are found elsewhere in medieval
Scandinavian sources. Three medieval riddles in verse about birds are known, first attested in a part of the manuscript Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar AM 625 4to from around 1500. A riddle also appears in the perhaps fourteenth-century
179:
opens with three stanzas about two brothers debating how to share their inheritance; they decide to settle the question through a riddle-contest. Eighteen riddles follow, some of them true riddles and some wisdom-questions, including one biblical riddle. In
124:. The saga is thought to have been composed in the thirteenth century, but the riddles themselves may not be of uniform date and some could be older or younger. They went on to influence oral riddling in Iceland.
157:
that can be read as 'Lokarr fal lokar sinn í lokarspónum' and translated as 'Lokarr ("plane") concealed his plane in the plane-shavings' has also been seen as riddlic in sentiment.
254:
The traditional, oral riddle fell out of widespread use during the later twentieth century, being replaced by other oral-literary forms, and by other tests of wit such as quizzes.
339:, ed. by Kristinn Jóhanesson and others, Meijerbergs arkiv för svensk ordforskning, 39 (Gothenburg: Meijerbergs institut för svensk etymologisk forskning, 2010), pp. 50–59;
411:
344:
143:
stalk; one is also attested from oral tradition in Norway and at least three circulated in oral as well as written tradition in
Iceland.
367:
321:
163:
also identified two
Scandinavian ballads attested after the Middle Ages and featuring riddle-contests as medieval in origin:
99:
present an enigmatic aesthetic similar to riddles. A number of riddles from medieval
Scandinavia are also attested in Latin.
480:, ed. by KE Gade & E Marold, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, 3 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2017), pp. 631-35.
104:
684:
588:
382:, "Changing Style and Changing Meaning: Icelandic Historiography and the Medieval Redactions of Heiðreks saga",
231:. Etnolore 4. Skrifter från Etnologiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet.
154:
69:
149:
535:
120:
654:
114:
616:
Die skandinavischen Rätselbücher auf der
Grundlage der deutschen Rätselbuch-Traditionen (1540–1805)
81:
463:, ed. by Jón Árnason and Ólafur Davíðsson (Copenhagen: Møller, 1887), p. 29; for a facsimile see
387:
206:
407:
363:
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444:
404:
The
Reception of 'Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks' from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century
28:
522:
313:
197:
Bødker, Laurits 1964 in co-operation with
Brynjulf Alver, Bengt Holbek and Leea Virtanen.
85:
633:, Studia Fennica, Folkloristica, 10 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2001), p. 163
184:, the riddle-contest is one episode in a longer story of the hero's quest for vengeance.
160:
362:, ed. by Mark C. Amodio (Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2020), pp. 123-35 (pp. 126-27),
358:
222:
Vad är det som går och går...? Svenska gåtor från alla tider i urval av Ulf
Palmenfelt
102:
The majority of the surviving Old Norse riddles occur in one section of the
Icelandic
673:
96:
17:
629:
359:
John Miles Foley's World of Oralities: Text, Tradition, and Contemporary Oral Theory
490:
423:
356:
Stephen Mitchell, 'Old Norse Riddles and Other Verbal Contests in Performance', in
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Few riddles are attested from medieval Scandinavia (by contrast with the numerous
464:
379:
136:
109:
92:
308:: Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian Approaches to Riddles and Poetic Disguises', in
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propounds around 37 verse riddles (depending on the manuscript), mostly in the
245:. Skrifter utg. av Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland 327. Helsingfors.
630:
Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre
448:
508:
See further Laurits Bødker, Brynjulf Alver, Bengt Holbek, Leea Virtanen,
316:, Variations Sammlung/Collection, 5 (Bern: Peter Lang, 2004), pp. 139-64
140:
84:
in the quite closely connected literature of medieval England), although
391:
291:
John Lindow, 'Riddles, Kennings, and the Complexity of Skaldic Poetry',
229:
Gåtor och skämt. En undersökning om vardagligt berättande bland skolbarn
88:
does attest to a number of other wisdom-contests, usually involving the
618:(Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2010) (PhD thesis, Münster University, 2004).
310:
Riddles, Knights, and Cross-dressing Saints: Essays on Medieval English
271:
33:
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193:
collected from oral tradition. Key collections and studies include:
335:
139:, wool-combs, footstool, pot-hook, bell-clapper, fish-hook, and an
89:
406:, Münchener Nordistische Studien, 14 (Munich: Utz, 2013);
461:Íslenzkar gátur, skemtanir, vikivakar og þulur. I. Gátur
664:
660:
Gåter.no – collection of Norwegian riddles, categorised
95:, and the complex metaphors of the extensive corpus of
659:
278:, 41 (1968), 148-58 [first published Roger Caillois,
560:Brynjulf Alver, 'Norrøne gåter fra mellomalderen',
210:(Kaupmannahöfn: Hið Íslenzka bókmenntafélag, 1887).
207:Íslenzkar gátur, skemtanir, vikivakar og Þulur, I
510:The Nordic Riddle: Terminology and Bibliography
199:The Nordic Riddle. Terminology and Bibliography
465:http://handrit.is/is/manuscript/view/AM04-0625
439:Ólafur Halldórsson, 'Því flýgur krákan víða',
333:Karl G. Johansson, 'De gåtfulla texterna', in
8:
512:(Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1964).
523:Norske runeinnskrifter i nummerrekkefølge
215:Svenska gåtor 1. Folkgåtor från Bohuslän
171:(attested from Norway, Denmark, and, as
603:Utsyn yver gamal norsk folkevisedikting
263:
68:) are widely attested in post-medieval
243:Finlands svenska folktidning IV. Gåtor
547:Gerd Høst, 'Små runologiske bidrag',
7:
601:Leiv Heggstad og H. Grüner Nielsen,
476:H. M. Burrows, 'Anonymous gátur' in
549:Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
36:(Old Norse, Icelandic and Faroese
25:
655:Humoristen.no - Norwegian riddles
499:, n.s. 46 (2015), 73–113 (p. 79).
478:Poetry from Treatises on Poetics
386:, 77 (2005), 1–30, at pp. 9–10.
495:', trans. by Philip Lavender,
336:Bo65: Festskrift till Bo Ralph
274:', trans. by Jeffrey Mehlman,
118:metre; these are known as the
1:
665:Collection of Swedish riddles
241:Wessman, V.E.V. (red.) 1949.
153:, A runic graffito carved in
306:Fela í rúnum eða í skáldskap
127:Eight verse riddles, all in
627:Annikki Kaivola-Bregenhøj,
564:, 60 (1954), 29–36 (35–36).
167:(attested from Norway) and
701:
26:
589:Danmarks gamle Folkeviser
282:(Paris: Gallimard, 1958).
105:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
538:, Riksantikvarieämbetet.
497:Leeds Studies in English
614:Frauke Rademann-Veith,
155:Hopperstad stave-church
220:Palmenfelt, Ulf 1987.
70:Scandinavian languages
449:10.18602/fsj.v18i.410
443:, 18 (1970), 236–58,
234:Ström, Fredrik 1937.
213:Olsson, Helmer 1944.
44:; Bokmål and Nynorsk
18:Scandinavian riddling
551:, 15 (1949), 406-13.
402:Jeffrey Scott Love,
384:Scandinavian Studies
295:, 47 (1975), 311-27.
293:Scandinavian Studies
227:Peterson, Per 1985.
577:(1853), pp. 369—73.
276:Yale French Studies
250:Demise of tradition
108:, in which the god
82:Anglo-Saxon riddles
272:Riddles and Images
121:Gátur Gestumblinda
575:Norske Folkeviser
412:978-3-8316-4225-0
345:978-91-974747-8-8
270:Roger Caillois, '
236:Svenska Folkgåtor
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175:, Sweden).
137:nail-header
129:ljóðaháttur
115:ljóðaháttur
674:Categories
428:Handrit.is
258:References
217:. Uppsala.
60:; Swedish
27:See also:
605:, nr. 68.
592:, nr. 18.
312:, ed. by
304:Susanne '
133:steelyard
52:; Danish
392:40920553
141:angelica
680:Riddles
34:Riddles
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64:, pl.
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536:N 392
388:JSTOR
110:Óðinn
93:Óðinn
66:gåtor
58:gåder
50:gåter
42:gátur
408:ISBN
364:ISBN
341:ISBN
318:ISBN
62:gåta
54:gåde
46:gåte
38:gáta
635:doi
445:doi
90:god
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426:,
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