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strength is assumed to be equal to σ/2. The following equations need to be adjusted if the shear strength is greater than σ/2. The two equations that give a maximum axial force are F=σ/sin(α)^2 and F=σ/sin(2α), where α is the angle from the horizontal to the joint. Both should be evaluated for a given problem, and the smaller F of the two is the magnitude of the maximum allowable axial force. The first equation accounts for failure in tension. The second equation accounts for failure in shear. Some special angles should be noted or the graphs of two equations should be compared on the same plot. The joint is weakest at α=90° due to tension limits and 45° due to shear limits. However, α=45° will be stronger than α=90° if shear strength is greater than σ/2. The joint is strongest between these two angles at 63.4°. The joint becomes stronger than 63.4° at 25.4°. At a shallow enough angle, strength of the joint continues to increase and failure will occur anywhere in the two pieces, most likely outside the joint.
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A scarf joint may also be used to fix problems caused when a board is cut too short for the application. The board can be cut in half with a tapered cut yielding a scarf joint. When the joint is glued together, the tapers are slid against each other so that the two sections are no longer in line with
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Determination of the maximum axial force for two pieces joined by adhesive can easily be determined using two equations that can be derived from the geometry of the problem by breaking the axial force component into a tensile force and shear force normal and parallel to the scarf joint. Shear
242:
The plain scarf is not preferred when strength is required, so it is often used in decorative situations, such as the application of trim or moulding. The use of modern high-strength adhesives can greatly increase the structural performance of a plain scarf.
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scarf is simply two flat planes meeting on an angle relative to the axis of the stock being joined, and depends entirely on adhesive and/or mechanical fasteners (such as screws, nails, or bolts) for all strength.
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to a fine point which aids in the obscuring of the joint in the finished work, while in other forms of scarf the ends are frequently cut to a blunt "nib" which engages a matching shoulder in the mating piece.
254:, as well as timber framing and wooden bridge construction. In large timbers such as these the scarf is virtually always secured with through bolts, and is frequently reinforced externally with iron or steel
205:
to long grain gluing surface, which yields a stronger joint than would be achieved with a simple butt joint. The tapers are generally cut at an angle between 1:8 to 1:10. The ends of a plain scarf are
213:
Where scarfed joints are used in the restoration of vintage aircraft most developed countries will only issue an airworthiness certificate if all such joints have used an angle no less than 1:8.
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scarf joints, such as a hooked, keyed, and nibbed scarves, offer varying degrees of tensile and compressive strength, though most still depend on mechanical fastening to keep the joint closed.
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each other. This has the effect of making the board longer. Once the glue has set, the board can be planed down to an even thickness, resulting in a longer but thinner board.
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177:. The scarf joint is used when the material being joined is not available in the length required. It is an alternative to other joints such as the
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In woodworking, there are two distinctly different categories of scarf, based on whether the joint has interlocking faces or not. A
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The joint is formed by cutting opposing tapered ends on each member which are then fitted together. When working with
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The scarf joint used on the beams above the post is known by its French name,
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Method of joining two members end to end in woodworking or metalworking
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A keyed, nibbed scarf, reinforced with fish plates and through bolts
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there are many types of scarf joints used to join timbers.
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International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
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169:, is a method of joining two members end to end in
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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189:because it yields a barely visible glue line.
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341:Brazing: for the engineering technologist
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1907:Building and Wood Workers' International
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1892:American Association of Woodturners
185:and is often favored over these in
246:The keyed-hook scarf is common in
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1922:National Wood Carvers Association
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34:needs additional citations for
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1912:Caricature Carvers of America
309:. New York: Viking. p.
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1927:Society of Wood Engravers
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338:Schwartz, Mel M. (1995).
2004:Frameless construction
1085:Wood-plastic composite
305:The Price of Admiralty
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155:bolt-o-lightning joint
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1932:Timber Framers Guild
786:Australian Blackwood
372:Scarf cuts explained
367:What is a scarf cut?
258:, and/or strapping.
201:, this gives better
133:A nibbed scarf joint
43:improve this article
1652:Hammer-headed tenon
1171:Janka hardness test
125:A plain scarf joint
513:Japanese carpentry
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2009:Green woodworking
1866:Wood preservation
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1677:Mortise and tenon
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1264:Warrington hammer
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781:African Blackwood
573:Segmented turning
351:978-0-412-60480-5
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60: –
59:
58:"Scarf joint"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1816:Heat bending
1761:Edge banding
1686:
1533:Router plane
1528:Rebate plane
1488:Finger plane
1219:
923:
917:
897:
891:Lignum vitae
649:
643:
608:Wood carving
583:Shipbuilding
568:Root carving
528:Log building
493:Chip carving
344:. Springer.
340:
332:Bibliography
304:
299:Keegan, John
293:
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237:Interlocking
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183:splice joint
175:metalworking
167:scarph joint
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2078:Woodworking
2037:WikiProject
1983:Rift sawing
1973:Flat sawing
1861:Wood drying
1538:Scrub plane
1523:Razee plane
1473:Block plane
1327:Mitre clamp
1274:Wood scribe
1225:Combination
967:Purpleheart
663:Douglas fir
613:Woodturning
446:Occupations
408:Woodworking
171:woodworking
163:scarf joint
2062:Categories
1992:Techniques
1941:Conversion
1871:Wood stain
1799:Treatments
1587:Birdsmouth
1553:Spokeshave
1503:Jack plane
1493:Fore plane
1332:Pipe clamp
1297:Band clamp
1221:Carpenters
1042:Engineered
992:Rubberwood
841:Eucalyptus
645:Calocedrus
558:Pyrography
523:Kohlrosing
273:References
256:fishplates
226:Variations
203:long grain
179:butt joint
69:newspapers
1781:Parquetry
1776:Oystering
1771:Marquetry
1612:Butterfly
1279:Workbench
1211:Sandpaper
1191:Mitre box
1136:Drawknife
1126:Burnisher
1111:Abrasives
1060:Hardboard
721:Afromosia
603:Whittling
553:Parquetry
538:Marquetry
483:Certosina
478:Carpentry
468:Cabinetry
415:Overviews
207:feathered
99:June 2009
2027:Category
1806:Adhesive
1786:Purfling
1766:Intarsia
1707:Profiles
1632:Dovetail
1571:Geometry
1410:Hand saw
1395:Crosscut
1380:Circular
1375:Chainsaw
1322:Holdfast
987:Rosewood
919:American
914:Mahogany
886:Jelutong
856:Hornbeam
821:Cocobolo
816:Chestnut
731:Andiroba
543:Millwork
508:Intarsia
503:Fretwork
498:Ébéniste
427:Glossary
301:(1989).
217:Strength
181:and the
2073:Joining
2068:Joinery
2047:Commons
1963:Whipsaw
1958:Sawmill
1851:Varnish
1846:Thermal
1821:Lacquer
1756:Binding
1725:Chamfer
1592:Biscuit
1558:Surform
1450:Whipsaw
1420:Keyhole
1405:Fretsaw
1385:Compass
1370:Bucksaw
1360:Bandsaw
1355:Backsaw
1337:Sawbuck
1307:F-clamp
1302:C-clamp
1176:Jointer
1080:Plywood
1032:Zebrano
972:Ovankol
937:Meranti
925:African
896:Linden
851:Hickory
806:Cedrela
801:Camphor
796:Bubinga
791:Boxwood
771:Bilinga
756:Avodire
673:Juniper
658:Cypress
533:Luthier
422:History
193:Methods
187:joinery
83:scholar
1953:Hewing
1692:Splice
1647:Halved
1642:Groove
1637:Finger
1617:Coping
1602:Bridle
1579:Joints
1460:Planes
1445:Veneer
1435:Scroll
1430:Ripsaw
1415:Jigsaw
1390:Coping
1289:Clamps
1216:Square
1206:Shaper
1201:Router
1181:Mallet
1156:Gimlet
1131:Chisel
1027:Willow
1017:Walnut
1007:Totara
997:Sapele
962:Poplar
947:Padauk
909:Merbau
881:Jarrah
866:Imbuia
861:Idigbo
826:Cumaru
811:Cherry
736:Anigre
698:Spruce
651:Cedrus
518:Khatam
473:Caning
436:lumber
348:
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1831:Paint
1740:Ovolo
1735:Ogive
1720:Bevel
1687:Scarf
1672:Miter
1440:Table
1425:Miter
1400:Frame
1317:Gripe
1233:Speed
1229:Miter
1161:Gauge
1151:Float
1146:Fence
1141:Drill
1099:Tools
1022:Wenge
1012:Utile
977:Ramin
932:Maple
904:Lovoa
876:Iroko
846:Hazel
831:Ebony
776:Birch
766:Beech
761:Balsa
751:Aspen
746:Apple
726:Alder
683:Kauri
678:Larch
640:Cedar
623:Woods
598:Treen
232:plain
165:, or
153:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
1730:Ogee
1715:Bead
1657:Knee
1627:Dado
1607:Butt
1347:Saws
1259:Vise
1196:Rasp
1121:Adze
1002:Teak
957:Plum
952:Pear
713:Hard
693:Rimu
688:Pine
632:Soft
432:Wood
346:ISBN
315:ISBN
250:and
248:ship
199:wood
62:news
1856:Wax
1826:Oil
1662:Lap
1597:Box
1365:Bow
1237:Try
1116:Axe
1070:OSB
1065:MDF
942:Oak
871:Ipê
836:Elm
741:Ash
703:Yew
668:Fir
311:280
173:or
45:by
2064::
1235:,
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161:A
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