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The witnesses must be the parish priest or another priest, with permission either from the parish priest or the local ordinary, and the other two witnesses must be capable of giving witness to the marriage vows.
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Further modifications provided that the priest was not necessary if one of the marrying parties was in danger of death or if the vows could not be exchanged before a priest in a reasonable amount of time.
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2784:. Prior to that time, an unwitnessed exchange of marriage vows was deplored but valid. The decree was enforced only in those regions where it could be proclaimed in the vernacular.
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333:
283:
225:
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2760:. It invalidates a marriage performed without the presence of three witnesses, one of whom must be a
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Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the
Sacramental Seal
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2015:
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504:
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2838:
O'Neill, James David. "Clandestinity (in Canon Law)." The
Catholic Encyclopedia
2703:
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Congregation for
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
17:
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2840:
Vol. 4. New York: Robert
Appleton Company, 1908. 26 September 2019
1704:
Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of
Catholic canon law
2871:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2846:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
27:
Diriment impediment in the canon law of the Roman
Catholic Church
1253:
2864:, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, Limited, 1906, p. 193
29:
2938:
2115:
List of cardinals excommunicated by the
Catholic Church
2105:
List of excommunicable offences in the
Catholic Church
2110:
List of people excommunicated by the
Catholic Church
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717:Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite
2182:Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
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2586:Canonical erection of a house of religious
2197:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
131:
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152:
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2917:
2896:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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915:Approbation (Catholic canon law)
368:Collectiones canonum Dionysianae
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585:Apostolicae Sedis moderationi
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362:Collections of ancient canons
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2908:"marriage without a priest"
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2524:Modern & Contemporary
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1068:Fast days and abstinence
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2254:Appeal as from an abuse
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1349:Apostolic administrator
1157:Impediments to Marriage
1024:Indulgentiarum doctrina
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989:Eucharistic discipline
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910:Episcopal consecrators
886:Obligation of celibacy
832:Communicatio in sacris
811:Holy day of obligation
758:Scripturarum thesaurus
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299:Precepts of the Church
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334:Ancient Church Orders
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1686:Validity and liceity
1555:Canonical coronation
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1271:College of Cardinals
1152:Defender of the Bond
968:Complicit absolution
852:Validity and liceity
800:Traditionis custodes
636:Papal judge-delegate
444:Plenitudo potestatis
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2809:Morganatic marriage
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2129:Laicization (penal)
1917:Canonical documents
1873:Canonical provision
1863:Canonical faculties
1567:Computation of time
1376:In persona episcopi
1362:Aeque principaliter
1356:Diocese/Archdiocese
1332:Apostolic vicariate
1289:Particular churches
1239:Supreme authority,
1172:Impediment of crime
905:Dimissorial letters
786:Summorum Pontificum
2931:Catholic canon law
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1931:Acta Sanctae Sedis
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744:Mysterii Paschalis
630:Contractum trinius
437:Libertas ecclesiae
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2294:Advocatus Diaboli
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1474:Collegiate church
1225:Petrine privilege
1220:Pauline privilege
1207:Sanatio in radice
1177:Disparity of cult
1132:Dignitas connubii
1119:Banns of marriage
897:Apostolicae curae
793:Magnum principium
618:Code of Canon Law
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603:Code of Canon Law
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248:Documents of the
233:Veritatis gaudium
189:Magnum principium
175:Code of Canon Law
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2591:Pontifical right
2564:consecrated life
2548:Edward N. Peters
2263:Penal procedure
2135:Latae sententiae
1907:Consecrated life
1466:Team of priests
1282:Synod of Bishops
1215:Natural marriage
1187:Public propriety
846:Omnium in mentem
839:Ex opere operato
565:Council of Trent
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1078:
1077:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1047:Minor basilica
1044:
1042:Major basilica
1039:
1032:Sacred places
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1009:
1008:
1007:
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991:
981:
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979:
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751:Musicam sacram
747:
740:
733:
732:
731:
721:
720:
719:
707:
705:Liturgical law
704:
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693:Protosyncellus
690:
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589:
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581:
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550:Jus novissimum
546:
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540:Liber Septimus
536:
529:
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508:
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489:Canon Episcopi
485:
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430:Dictatus papae
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315:
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270:Optatam totius
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110:September 2019
42:
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2873:public domain
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2746:Clandestinity
2736:
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2559:
2558:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Ladislas Orsy
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:John D. Faris
2531:
2529:
2526:
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2523:
2517:
2514:
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2388:Ubi periculum
2385:
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2301:Oblatio vitae
2298:
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2257:
2255:
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2244:
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2240:
2239:Pars dynamica
2232:
2229:
2227:
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2217:
2214:
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2208:
2205:
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2198:
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2178:
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2156:
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2148:
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2140:
2136:
2132:
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2127:
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2112:
2111:
2108:
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2103:
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2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Canon 1397 §2
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
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1948:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1928:
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1920:
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1913:
1908:
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1896:
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1891:
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1876:
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1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
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1811:
1809:
1808:Canonical age
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1778:Temporalities
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1757:Cathedraticum
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1742:
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1732:
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1727:
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1706:
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1697:
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1680:Vacatio legis
1677:
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1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:Jurisprudence
1544:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Vicar general
1528:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
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1371:
1370:
1369:Cathedraticum
1366:
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1359:
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1254:Roman Pontiff
1252:
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1216:
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1197:
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1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
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1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Clandestinity
1165:
1163:
1160:
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1158:
1155:
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1150:
1146:
1145:
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1139:
1136:
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1128:
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1120:
1117:
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1080:
1076:
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1069:
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1059:
1058:Sacred times
1053:
1050:
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1045:
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1038:
1035:
1034:
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1026:
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1021:
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1019:
1016:
1015:
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1005:
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987:
986:
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966:
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949:
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929:
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867:
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865:
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848:
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843:
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836:
834:
833:
829:
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820:
819:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
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797:
795:
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790:
788:
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783:
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769:
767:
766:
762:
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748:
746:
745:
741:
739:
738:
734:
730:
727:
726:
725:
722:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
709:
708:Latin Church
702:
701:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
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676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
663:
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582:
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579:
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573:
572:
568:
566:
563:
562:
561:
552:
551:
542:
541:
537:
535:
534:
533:Extravagantes
530:
528:
527:
523:
519:
516:
515:
514:
513:
509:
507:
506:
502:
498:
497:
493:
491:
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486:
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351:
349:
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342:
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337:
336:
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332:
331:
322:
321:
320:
313:
312:Legal history
308:
307:
300:
297:
293:
292:
288:
286:
285:
281:
279:
278:
274:
272:
271:
267:
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264:
263:Lumen gentium
260:
258:
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235:
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199:
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179:
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171:
170:
167:(current law)
166:
161:
160:
157:
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147:
143:
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138:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
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88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2939:expanding it
2928:
2911:
2891:
2861:
2855:
2797:
2790:
2786:
2775:
2745:
2744:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2620:Congregation
2607:
2486:Jean Lemoine
2467:
2457:
2450:
2440:
2420:
2395:Quia propter
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2353:
2326:
2323:Current law
2318:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2277:Canonization
2275:
2266:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2171:Pars statica
2170:
2138:
2134:
2090:
2078:
2031:Positive law
2005:Motu proprio
2003:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1922:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1867:
1827:
1813:Emancipation
1768:Mass stipend
1763:Contract law
1755:
1730:Determinatio
1728:
1721:
1715:Ecclesiology
1702:
1678:
1668:Sede vacante
1666:
1657:Promulgation
1639:
1635:Jurisdiction
1593:
1589:Dispensation
1576:
1501:Congregation
1467:
1453:
1442:
1431:
1404:Vicar forane
1374:
1367:
1360:
1325:
1304:Latin Church
1296:
1287:
1286:
1264:
1263:
1248:
1205:
1198:
1166:
1142:
1130:
1111:
1104:
1072:
1057:
1031:
1022:
1012:Sacramentals
1010:
1004:Mass stipend
972:
931:
895:
856:
844:
837:
831:
798:
791:
784:
779:Ecclesia Dei
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
660:
628:
623:
617:
608:
602:
592:
591:
590:
583:
576:
570:
549:
548:
547:
538:
531:
526:Regulæ Juris
524:
510:
503:
494:
487:
475:
468:
453:
452:
451:
442:
435:
428:
387:
380:
373:
366:
352:
345:
338:
319:Jus antiquum
317:
316:
289:
282:
275:
268:
261:
254:
231:
224:
217:
210:
203:
196:
187:
180:
174:
164:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2630:Monasticism
2349:Cum proxime
2345:Historical
2259:Presumption
2026:Penitential
2016:Papal brief
1491:Roman Curia
1074:Paenitemini
864:Holy Orders
654:Eastern law
593:Jus codicis
558: 1563
518:Decretalist
505:Jus commune
462: 1140
2978:Categories
2820:References
2571:Solemn vow
2481:Hostiensis
2468:Canonists
2452:The Jurist
2231:Procurator
2211:Officialis
2064:Canon 1324
2021:Papal bull
1999:Encyclical
1947:Imprimatur
1691:Visitation
1652:Obrogation
1613:Impediment
1584:Derogation
1468:in solidum
1241:particular
1063:Feast days
1018:Indulgence
922:Confession
858:Sacraments
496:Margaritae
165:Ius vigens
80:newspapers
2999:Annulment
2793:Ne Temere
2754:canon law
2472:Medieval
2177:Tribunals
2124:Interdict
2058:Penal law
2011:Ordinance
1984:Concordat
1818:Exemption
1773:Stole fee
1496:Dicastery
1432:sui juris
1298:sui juris
1295:Churches
1113:Ne Temere
994:Canon 915
984:Eucharist
874:Abstemius
683:Exarchate
673:Nomocanon
483:Decretist
454:Jus novum
328: 33
2803:See also
2222:Parties
2036:Rescript
1994:Decretal
1828:Clerics
1751:Benefice
1710:Theology
1618:Donation
1430:Mission
1394:Chancery
1243:churches
1162:Affinity
1054:(chapel)
999:Celebret
806:Red Mass
146:a series
144:Part of
2782:Tametsi
2772:History
2756:of the
2752:in the
2562:Law of
2516:Brocard
2496:Rufinus
2476:Gratian
2308:Positio
2216:Auditor
1868:Office
1641:Peritus
1603:Faculty
1413:Eparchy
1399:Deanery
1326:nullius
1324:Abbacy
1182:Ligamen
1144:Vetitum
1106:Tametsi
1052:Oratory
678:Eparchy
578:Tametsi
560:-1918)
464:-1563)
340:Didache
330:-1140)
94:scholar
2766:deacon
2762:priest
1989:Decree
1962:Notary
1823:Heresy
1674:Simony
1608:Indult
1572:Custom
1461:Parish
1037:Altars
624:Other
239:Custom
148:on the
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2929:This
2910:from
2764:or a
2748:is a
2625:Order
1979:Canon
616:1983
601:1917
173:1983
101:JSTOR
87:books
2935:stub
2137:and
73:news
56:by
2980::
2890:.
2828:^
2768:.
555:c.
459:c.
325:c.
2966:e
2959:t
2952:v
2941:.
2875:.
2850:.
2734:e
2727:t
2720:v
2209:/
553:(
457:(
323:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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