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Solar thermal collector system based on evacuated glass tubes. Sunlight is absorbed by a special material at the center of each tube that has a selective surface. The surface absorbs sunlight nearly completely, and emits very little of the solar heat as thermal radiation. Ordinary black surfaces are
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Typical values for a selective surface might be 0.90 solar absorption and 0.10 thermal emissivity, but can range from 0.8/0.3 for paints on metal to 0.96/0.05 for commercial surfaces. Thermal emissivities as low as 0.02 have been obtained in laboratories.
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Selective surfaces take advantage of the differing wavelengths of incident solar radiation and the emissive radiation from the absorbing surface:
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Normally, a combination of materials is used. One of the first selective surfaces investigated was a semiconductor-metal tandem – simply
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Although ordinary black paint has high solar absorption, it also has high thermal emissivity, and thus it is not a selective surface.
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is a means of increasing its operation temperature and/or efficiency. The selectivity is defined as the
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Selective surfaces are used for other applications than solar thermal collectors, such as
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Ordinary surfaces re-radiate heat they absorb. Selective ones re-radiate only a little.
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Solar radiation covers approximately the wavelengths 350 nm to 4000 nm;
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also efficient absorbers, but they emit thermal radiation copiously.
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Table of absorption and emissivity for various materials
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Selective
Surface for efficient Solar Thermal Conversion
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glasses, which reflect thermal radiation and have high
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Tesfamichael, Tuquabo; Wäckelgård, Ewa (1999-07-01).
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276:Other applications
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205:Thermal
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422:Bibcode
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