422:. The small selenomonads have a rather low number of individual flagella inserted in a longitudinal row along the concave side whereas the large selenomonads have a much larger number, inserted into a circular patch of the cell membrane in the concave side in a close-packed (hexagonal) pattern, each flagellum inserted into a bullet-shaped structure at the cell membrane. Another interesting feature is the refractile body located beneath the massive flagella bundle characterizing the large crescents. It is not related morphologically to the ciliate blepharoplast (a "9+2" centriole-related structure found in
442:" region of the bacterial cell membrane in the middle of the concave side of the organism so that it lies directly behind the flagella. It appears to be unique in prokaryotes so far examined since in other bacteria possessing polar organelles, the structure is situated beside and around the flagella insertion bases in the cell membrane, but never lying behind them in the cytoplasm as in the case of the large selenomonad. The large crescents, with their unique morphology, still present many puzzles in their systematics. It is already clear from ultrastructural features that the genus
35:
451:
405:
392:). In the illustrated atlas of sheep rumen organisms of Moir and Masson their organisms nos. 4 and 5 represent two forms of the large Selenomonads. These crescents live only a short time under the light microscope but during that time display a remarkable "tumbling" motion produced by one (or two—during cell division)
418:
11-fold subunit symmetry), twisted just outside the cell body into helical bundles to form strong organs of propulsion. The large crescents (which are better described as "bean-shaped") have flagella which are quite differently inserted into the concave side of the cell from those of the smaller species of
417:
of thin sections, negative stains and freeze-fracture replicas. and many of the reasons for previous confusion were clarified. The "flagellum" was found to be quite unrelated to the flagellum of ciliate protozoa, instead consisting of a "fascicle" of numerous bacterial-type flagella (each displaying
446:
is most probably an artificial classification, bringing together possibly unrelated organisms, simply because of their common possession of crescent morphology and peculiar flagellar insertion location. Successful attempts to maintain the large crescents in continuous culture over short terms have
346:
provides a fascinating history of scientific discovery, involving placement then re-placement in the classification systematics, oscillating between animal and bacterial kingdoms. In early descriptions it was thought to be a protozoan and hence for a while received the name
396:
emanating from a refractile basal body on the concave side, which was first described by
Woodcock & LaPage, studied later by Lessel & Breed (with photomicrographic addendum from C. F. Robinow), then by Jeynes, who (mistakenly) interpreted it as a
408:
Large forms of
Selenomonas from enriched sheep rumen liquor after aldehyde fixation. Phase contrast 100x oil imm., electronic flash. Shows coiled-up flagella and dark linear region along concave side at flagella attachment
447:
been reported by Prins but long term culturing has not been possible so far. Genetic sequencing of the large crescents should provide the essential information required to better understand and classify these organisms.
293:. The unique cell morphology of certain large selenomonads (with its in-folding of the cell membrane behind the flagella) would indicate bilateral symmetry along the long axis—an unusual property for prokaryotes.
305:
has roots dating back to the 19th century—and beyond—since the features and movements of living (then unclassified) crescent-shaped microorganisms from the human mouth were first described by
4675:
1808:
481:
454:
Sketch of a sagittal longitudinal ultrathin section through an unidentified large selenomonad from sheep rumen liquor (which seems to correspond closely to descriptions of
2457:
2648:
2438:
2055:
438:). This flagella-associated structure observed in the large selenomonad can perhaps best be described as a "basal sac" formed by an invagination (in-folding) of the "
4649:
2442:
339:
4688:
2461:
485:
4512:
4021:
3452:
3014:
2790:
4623:
4662:
2641:
2576:
2084:
Moir, R.J. & Masson, M.J. (1952). "An illustrated scheme for the microscopic identification of the rumen micro-organisms of sheep".
495:
4714:
2686:
2634:
414:
2681:
309:
in 1683. During more recent years the crescent-shaped organism observed in ruminant stomachs has been variously described as:
2342:"Isolation, Culture and Fermentation Characteristics of Selenomonas ruminantium var. bryanti var. n. from the Rumen of Sheep"
4667:
4520:
2765:
2755:
2738:
2525:
2008:"Observations on Spirillum sputigenum and its relationship to Selenomonas species with special reference to flagellation"
1833:
Marchandin, H.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Roger, F.; Gay, B.; Carlier, J. -P.; Jumas-Bilak, E. (2009).
261:
This transfer now appears to have been mistaken. On further examination the
Selenomonads appear to be members of the
34:
2504:
3170:
466:
may be an indicator of change in oral microbial ecology and might be directly or indirectly involved in obesity.
4693:
4747:
2608:
2581:
2554:
1754:
502:
4037:
289:
simply refers to the crescent moon-shaped profile of this organism and not in any way to the chemical element
4489:
4333:
4129:
2770:
1759:
1639:
1225:
816:
622:
306:
103:
3401:
1445:
894:
4742:
4537:
4314:
3521:
3501:
2985:
526:
166:
3953:
3854:
3847:
3828:
3655:
3575:
3354:
2733:
2432:
2049:
1172:
866:
120:
4415:
4241:
4217:
4188:
4075:
3999:
3883:
3861:
3102:
1547:
4121:
3965:
3587:
3550:
3528:
3437:
3425:
86:
4719:
4597:
4384:
4321:
4203:
4097:
3413:
3342:
3319:
2936:
2899:
2847:
2181:
1252:
3987:
3816:
3606:
3568:
4496:
4390:
4145:
3938:
3868:
3480:
3324:
1779:
Von
Prowazek, S. (1913). "Zur Parasitologie von Westafrika" [Parasitology of West Africa].
4477:
4403:
3835:
2121:"Selenomonas Boskamp, 1922. A genus that includes species showing an unusual type of flagellation"
1585:
1192:
833:
354:
The most morphologically interesting members of the selenomonads are undoubtedly the large motile
157:(motile crescent-shaped bacteria in general) are referred to trivially as selenomonads. The genus
4439:
4229:
3926:
3618:
3468:
2750:
2728:
2716:
2691:
2199:
1571:
677:
475:
278:
206:
29:
4701:
4654:
4584:
4176:
3737:
3643:
2760:
2723:
2711:
2701:
2420:
2371:
2322:
2273:
2150:
2101:
2037:
1933:
1880:
1781:
Zentralblatt für
Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung I
1375:
946:
4575:
3179:
1839:
gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples, emended description of the family
4706:
4395:
4153:
4108:
4061:
3899:
3065:
2675:
2410:
2402:
2361:
2353:
2312:
2304:
2263:
2230:
2189:
2140:
2132:
2093:
2027:
2019:
1923:
1915:
1900:"A genomic update on Clostridial phylogeny: Gram-negative spore formers and other misplaced
1870:
2251:
4446:
4350:
4163:
4158:
3912:
3714:
3692:
3507:
3220:
3191:
3141:
2976:
2871:
2839:
439:
245:
217:
201:
76:
2185:
4426:
4365:
4356:
4253:
4209:
4017:
3980:
3894:
3786:
3727:
3230:
3207:
2910:
2823:
2810:
2805:
2706:
2626:
2415:
2390:
1928:
1899:
413:
Years later, preparations of native rumen contents were examined for the first time by
363:
181:
are now in culture but many, especially the large selenomonads are not, owing to their
127:
2366:
2341:
2317:
2292:
2145:
2120:
2032:
2007:
1987:
Woodcock, H. M. & G. Lapage (1914). "On a remarkable type of protistan parasite".
4736:
4432:
4086:
3805:
3745:
3722:
3661:
3448:
3331:
3309:
3278:
3252:
3153:
2967:
2858:
2834:
2815:
2786:
1952:
255:
250:
223:
211:
182:
66:
4292:
4282:
4006:
3798:
3770:
3679:
3599:
3535:
3390:
3365:
3288:
2884:
2866:
2308:
2203:
2136:
112:
4589:
2357:
2023:
4636:
4569:
4264:
4168:
3775:
3702:
2219:"Analysis of the Genus Selenomonas with respect to its transfer to the Protozoa"
238:
96:
4560:
277:
comes from the
Ancient Greek noun selênê (σελήνη), meaning the moon, a linking
4377:
4269:
4048:
3780:
3707:
3044:
3010:
2890:
2657:
2268:
1968:
Certes, A. (1889). "Note sur les micro-organismes de la panse des ruminants".
450:
423:
398:
374:
359:
234:
194:
178:
2603:
2406:
4610:
3760:
3026:
2235:
2218:
2097:
1919:
1283:
229:
174:
56:
2424:
2154:
2105:
2041:
1937:
1884:
1875:
1834:
2483:
2375:
2326:
2277:
4680:
4554:
2745:
2661:
2549:
2252:"Ultrastructural studies on Selenomonas ruminantium from the sheep rumen"
1804:
462:
With regard to the small selenomonads, research on obesity suggests that
393:
367:
355:
290:
46:
4628:
3032:
385:
162:
136:
4641:
2194:
2169:
404:
377:
282:
170:
4531:
161:
constitutes a group of motile crescent-shaped bacteria and includes
4615:
2223:
International
Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy
285:(μόνας) which in microbiology has come to mean bacterium. The name
449:
403:
370:
1863:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2006:
MacDonald, J. B. Madlener, E. M. & Socransky, S. S. (1959).
4535:
2630:
4602:
2389:
J.M. Goodson, D. Groppo, S. Halem1, and E. Carpino (2009).
2170:"Taxonomic position of the Genus Selenomonas (von Prowazek"
1809:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
482:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
2293:"Growth, structure, and classification of Selenomonas"
177:. A number of smaller forms discovered with the light
2291:
Kingsley V V & Hoeniger J F M (1 December 1973).
2250:
Chalcroft J.P; Bullivant S & Howard B.H. (1973).
4544:
4469:
4343:
4144:
4029:
4016:
3759:
3691:
3633:
3560:
3460:
3447:
3383:
3302:
3271:
3264:
3169:
3009:
2957:
2798:
2785:
480:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
1954:Antony van Leeuwenhoek and his "little animals"
2642:
2462:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1644:(Certes 1899) Woodcock & Lapage 1913-1914
486:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
2437:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2054:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
185:and incompletely known growth requirements.
2119:Lessel, E.F. Jr. & Breed, R.S. (1954).
4532:
4026:
3457:
3268:
2795:
2649:
2635:
2627:
2441:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1989:Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science
20:
2414:
2365:
2316:
2267:
2234:
2193:
2144:
2031:
1927:
1874:
1828:
1826:
1957:. New York, Harcourt, Brace and company.
490:
2391:"Is Obesity an Oral Bacterial Disease?"
1771:
2430:
2047:
1798:
1796:
1794:
501:120 single copy marker proteins based
338:As can be ascertained from the above
227:. Despite most of the members of the
7:
1614:
1592:
1563:
1539:
1437:
1415:
1391:
1367:
1319:
1312:
1290:
1278:
1271:
1244:
1217:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1024:
972:
965:
938:
913:
886:
858:
808:
801:
721:
696:
669:
594:
569:
559:
552:
545:
518:
511:
1855:fam. nov. in the bacterial phylum
14:
415:transmission electron microscopy
384:) and even pockets in the human
241:called "low-GC Gram-positives" (
33:
2505:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
2256:Journal of General Microbiology
2309:10.1128/MMBR.37.4.479-521.1973
2137:10.1128/MMBR.18.3.165-169.1954
1837:Negativicoccus succinicivorans
258:and possess a double bilayer.
1:
2358:10.1128/JB.105.3.820-825.1971
1898:Yutin N, Galperin MY (2013).
2024:10.1128/JB.77.5.559-565.1959
2526:"LTP_08_2023 Release Notes"
1096:species‑group 4
775:species‑group 2
652:species‑group 3
4764:
2395:Journal of Dental Research
1177:(Flügge 1886) Boskamp 1922
871:(Flügge 1886) Boskamp 1922
607:(Bryant 1956) Hungate 1966
473:
273:The etymology of the name
233:staining positive for the
192:
4506:
4043:"Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
2669:
2269:10.1099/00221287-79-1-135
1636:
1619:
1612:
1597:
1590:
1568:
1561:
1544:
1537:
1459:
1442:
1435:
1420:
1413:
1396:
1389:
1372:
1365:
1341:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1295:
1288:
1276:
1269:
1249:
1242:
1222:
1215:
1189:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1047:
1029:
1022:
995:
977:
970:
963:
943:
936:
918:
911:
891:
884:
863:
856:
830:
813:
806:
799:
744:
726:
719:
701:
694:
674:
667:
627:(Certes 1899) Wenyon 1926
619:
599:
592:
574:
567:
557:
550:
543:
523:
516:
500:
493:
142:
135:
118:
111:
30:Scientific classification
28:
23:
4300:"Thermodesulfovibrionia"
4038:Acidulodesulfobacteriota
3053:"Thermosediminibacteria"
2991:"Marinamargulisbacteria"
2609:Genome Taxonomy Database
2582:Genome Taxonomy Database
2555:Genome Taxonomy Database
2464:(NCBI) taxonomy database
2407:10.1177/0022034509338353
1755:List of bacterial orders
1400:Selenomonas massiliensis
320:Selenomastix ruminantium
4334:Thermodesulfobacteriota
4135:"Thermosulfidibacteria"
2994:"Riflemargulisbacteria"
2550:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
2297:Bacteriological Reviews
2236:10.1099/0096266X-6-2-53
2098:10.1002/path.1700640210
1970:Bull. Soc. Zool. France
1920:10.1111/1462-2920.12173
1760:List of bacteria genera
1623:Selenomonas lactilytica
1600:Selenomonas montiformis
704:Selenomonas montiformis
623:Selenomonas ruminantium
603:Selenomonas lactilytica
332:Selenomonas ruminantium
314:Ancyromonas ruminantium
307:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
297:History and description
167:gastrointestinal tracts
4490:Salinosulfoleibacteria
4308:"Lambdaproteobacteria"
4130:Thermosulfidibacterota
3407:"Macinerneyibacteriia"
3050:"Thermoanaerobacteria"
2977:Vampirovibrionophyceae
2577:"bac120_r214.sp_label"
2427:. NIHMSID NIHMS131569.
1876:10.1099/ijs.0.013102-0
747:Selenomonas lipolytica
527:Selenomonas lacticifex
459:
410:
3402:Macinerneyibacteriota
2217:Jeynes, M.H. (1956).
2168:Jeynes, M.H. (1955).
2069:Wenyon, C.M. (1926).
1446:Centipeda periodontii
1298:Selenomonas artemidis
1173:Selenomonas sputigena
980:Selenomonas artemidis
895:Centipeda periodontii
867:Selenomonas sputigena
531:Schleifer et al. 1990
453:
407:
326:Spirillum ruminantium
151:Members of the genus
121:Selenomonas sputigena
4385:Polarisedimenticolia
4373:"Guanabaribacteriia"
4315:Schekmaniibacteriota
4056:"Desulfurobacteriia"
3971:"Handelsmanbacteria"
3959:"Krumholzibacteriia"
3522:Firestoneibacteriota
3502:Desantisiibacteriota
3320:Coprothermobacterota
3200:"Absconditabacteria"
3117:"Desulfitobacteriia"
2986:Margulisiibacteriota
2456:Sayers; et al.
2340:Prins, R.A. (1971).
2086:J. Pathol. Bacteriol
2071:Protozoology, Vol. 1
1733:Unassigned species:
1344:Selenomonas flueggei
1257:Krumholz et al. 1993
1050:Selenomonas flueggei
924:Antezack et al. 2021
707:Wylensek et al. 2021
580:Poothong et al. 2023
173:, in particular the
4519:Alternative views:
4391:Thermoanaerobaculia
4194:"Anaeroferrophilia"
4146:Deltaproteobacteria
4118:Desulfobacterota G
3981:Neomarinimicrobiota
3954:Krumholzibacteriota
3855:Edwardsiibacteriota
3581:"Hinthialibacteria"
3360:"Thermodesulfobiia"
3325:Coprothermobacteria
3137:"Halanaerobiaeota"
3085:"Thermaerobacteria"
2972:"Sericytochromatia"
2186:1955Natur.176.1077J
1951:Dobell, C. (1932).
1843:and description of
1462:Selenomonas timonae
1423:Selenomonas infelix
1230:Gylswyk et al. 1997
998:Selenomonas infelix
921:Selenomonas timonae
732:Zhang and Dong 2009
4247:"Methylomirabilia"
4197:"Deferrimicrobiia"
4081:"Calescibacteriia"
3907:"Raymondbacteriia"
3889:"Fermentibacteria"
3848:Delongiibacteriota
3829:Coatesiibacteriota
3656:Lindowiibacteriota
3576:Hinthialibacterota
3355:Thermodesulfobiota
3203:"Andersenbacteria"
3129:"Syntrophomonadia"
3120:"Desulfotomaculia"
3111:"Carboxydothermia"
2942:"Eudoremicrobiia"
2927:"Heboniibacteriia"
2180:(December): 1077.
1853:Acidaminococcaceae
1032:Selenomonas dianae
577:Selenomonas caprae
476:Bacterial taxonomy
460:
411:
358:found in the warm
301:The literature on
248:), members of the
130:1886) Boskamp 1922
4730:
4729:
4702:Open Tree of Life
4538:Taxon identifiers
4529:
4528:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4416:Leptospirillaeota
4370:"Fischerbacteria"
4242:Methylomirabilota
4218:Desulfuromonadota
4189:Deferrimicrobiota
4113:"Deferribacteria"
4076:Calescibacteriota
4066:"Campylobacteria"
4000:Tianyaibacteriota
3974:"Latescibacteria"
3884:Fermentibacterota
3862:Eiseniibacteriota
3764:(Sphingobacteria)
3738:Verrucomicrobiota
3696:(Planctobacteria)
3593:"Hydrogenedentia"
3495:"Tritonobacteria"
3379:
3378:
3245:"Saccharimonadia"
3226:"Howlettbacteria"
3165:
3164:
3149:"Selenobacteria"
3114:"Dehalobacteriia"
3108:"Carboxydocellia"
3103:Desulfotomaculota
3093:"Hydrogenisporia"
3082:"Symbiobacteriia"
3071:"Proteinivoracia"
2915:"Abditibacteriia"
2828:"Geothermincolia"
2195:10.1038/1761077a0
1908:Environ Microbiol
1744:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1548:Selenomonas bovis
1526:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1376:Selenomonas noxia
1354:
1353:
1328:Selenomonas felix
1258:
1231:
1204:
1203:
1178:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:Moore et al. 1987
1036:
1035:Moore et al. 1987
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:Moore et al. 1987
984:
983:Moore et al. 1987
952:
951:Moore et al. 1987
947:Selenomonas noxia
925:
872:
845:
844:
788:
787:
779:
778:
769:
768:
760:
759:
751:
750:Dighe et al. 1998
733:
729:Selenomonas bovis
708:
656:
655:
646:
645:
637:
636:
628:
608:
581:
532:
221:in the new class
215:to the new order
149:
148:
107:
16:Genus of bacteria
4755:
4723:
4722:
4710:
4709:
4697:
4696:
4684:
4683:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4657:
4645:
4644:
4632:
4631:
4619:
4618:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4592:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4533:
4421:"Leptospirillia"
4396:Vicinamibacteria
4327:"Entotheonellia"
4223:Desulfuromonadia
4154:Bdellovibrionota
4122:Syntrophorhabdia
4109:Deferribacterota
4062:Campylobacterota
4027:
3966:Latescibacterota
3900:Chitinivibrionia
3877:"Tariuqbacteria"
3750:Verrucomicrobiia
3588:Hydrogenedentota
3551:Ratteibacteriota
3544:"Velamenicoccia"
3529:Goldiibacteriota
3492:"Erginobacteria"
3486:"Ancaeobacteria"
3458:
3438:Walliibacteriota
3426:Rifleibacteriota
3419:"Muiribacteriia"
3348:"Lithacetigenia"
3269:
3239:"Microgenomatia"
3216:"Doudnabacteria"
3061:"Dethiobacteria"
3020:
3000:"Termititenacia"
2964:Cyanobacteriota
2948:"Eremiobacteria"
2879:"Limnocylindria"
2853:"Bipolaricaulia"
2796:
2698:
2678:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2436:
2428:
2418:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2045:
2035:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1869:(6): 1271–1279.
1830:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1742:
1643:
1615:
1593:
1564:
1540:
1438:
1416:
1392:
1368:
1320:
1313:
1291:
1279:
1272:
1256:
1245:
1229:
1218:
1176:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1052:
1034:
1025:
1000:
982:
973:
966:
950:
939:
923:
914:
887:
870:
859:
809:
802:
749:
731:
722:
706:
697:
670:
626:
606:
595:
579:
570:
560:
553:
546:
530:
519:
512:
491:
426:such as cycads,
102:
87:Selenomonadaceae
38:
37:
21:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4748:Bacteria genera
4733:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4661:
4653:
4648:
4640:
4635:
4627:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4513:Bergey's Manual
4502:
4457:
4452:"Pseudomonadia"
4362:"Aminicenantia"
4351:Acidobacteriota
4339:
4322:Tectimicrobiota
4204:Deferrisomatota
4164:Bdellovibrionia
4159:Bacteriovoracia
4140:
4098:Dadaibacteriota
4020:
4012:
4007:Zixiibacteriota
3993:"Marinisomatia"
3947:"Stahlbacteria"
3920:"Glassbacteria"
3913:Gemmatimonadota
3822:"Cloacimonadia"
3787:Ignavibacteriia
3763:
3755:
3742:Kiritimatiellia
3732:"Uabimicrobiia"
3715:Planctomycetota
3695:
3687:
3636:bacteriobiontes
3635:
3629:
3612:"Saltatorellae"
3556:
3508:Elusimicrobiota
3451:
3443:
3431:"Ozemibacteria"
3414:Muiribacteriota
3375:
3343:Lithacetigenota
3332:Dictyoglomerota
3298:
3260:
3248:"Torokbacteria"
3242:"Paceibacteria"
3236:"Kazanbacteria"
3221:Gracilibacteria
3213:"Dojkabacteria"
3192:Patescibacteria
3185:"Elulimicrobia"
3161:
3079:"Sulfobacillia"
3018:
3017:
3013:
3005:
2997:"Saganbacteria"
2958:Cyanoprokaryota
2953:
2937:Eremiobacterota
2905:"Dormibacteria"
2900:Dormiibacterota
2876:Ktedonobacteria
2872:Dehalococcoidia
2848:Bipolaricaulota
2840:Thermoleophilia
2831:"Humimicrobiia"
2789:
2781:
2780:
2696:
2674:
2665:
2655:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2604:"Taxon History"
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2429:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2046:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1849:Selenomonadales
1841:Veillonellaceae
1832:
1831:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1801:
1792:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1751:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1355:
1205:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1012:
846:
789:
780:
770:
761:
657:
647:
638:
494:16S rRNA based
478:
472:
440:polar organelle
430:and algae e.g.
299:
271:
246:Bacterial phyla
218:Selenomonadales
209:from the order
202:Veillonellaceae
197:
191:
131:
124:
101:
77:Selenomonadales
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4761:
4759:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4711:
4698:
4685:
4672:
4659:
4646:
4633:
4620:
4607:
4594:
4581:
4566:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4517:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4427:Pseudomonadota
4424:
4423:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4366:Blastocatellia
4363:
4360:
4357:Acidobacteriia
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4274:"Bradymonadia"
4272:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4259:"Moduliflexia"
4250:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4210:Deferrisomatia
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:"Dadabacteria"
4094:
4093:
4092:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4033:
4031:
4024:
4018:Proteobacteria
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3988:Marinisomatota
3984:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:"Hydrothermia"
3935:
3934:
3933:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:Gemmatimonadia
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3895:Fibrobacterota
3892:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:"Electryoneia"
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:"Cosmopolitia"
3832:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3817:Cloacimonadota
3813:
3812:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3793:
3792:"Kapabacteria"
3790:
3783:
3778:
3767:
3765:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:Planctomycetia
3725:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3699:
3697:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3669:"Brachyspirae"
3667:
3666:"Brevinematia"
3659:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3607:Saltatorellota
3603:
3600:Poribacteriota
3596:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3569:Abyssubacteria
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:Elusimicrobiia
3505:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3489:"Auribacteria"
3487:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3464:
3462:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:Fusobacteriota
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:Dictyoglomeria
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3273:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:Katanobacteria
3227:
3224:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:Berkelbacteria
3204:
3201:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:"Thermincolia"
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3066:Natranaerobiia
3062:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3023:
3021:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:Fimbriimonadia
2922:
2921:Chthonomonadia
2919:
2916:
2911:Armatimonadota
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2824:Coriobacteriia
2821:
2820:"Aquicultoria"
2818:
2813:
2811:Acidimicrobiia
2806:Actinomycetota
2802:
2800:
2793:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:Mesomycetozoea
2768:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2707:Diaphoretickes
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:classification
2656:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2595:
2568:
2541:
2517:
2496:
2475:
2448:
2401:(6): 519–523.
2381:
2352:(3): 820–825.
2332:
2303:(4): 479–521.
2283:
2262:(1): 135–146.
2242:
2209:
2160:
2131:(3): 165–169.
2125:Bacteriol. Rev
2111:
2092:(2): 343–350.
2076:
2061:
2018:(5): 559–565.
1998:
1979:
1960:
1943:
1890:
1851:ord. nov. and
1847:classis nov.,
1822:
1790:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1640:S. ruminantium
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
942:
937:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
917:
912:
910:
904:
903:
900:
899:
890:
885:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
862:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
843:
842:
839:
838:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:
777:
776:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
762:
758:
757:
754:
753:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
725:
720:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
700:
695:
693:
687:
686:
683:
682:
673:
668:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
654:
653:
649:
648:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
631:
630:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
598:
593:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
573:
568:
566:
558:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
522:
517:
515:
510:
507:
506:
499:
474:Main article:
471:
468:
364:microecosystem
362:nutrient-rich
336:
335:
329:
323:
317:
298:
295:
270:
267:
190:
187:
165:living in the
147:
146:
140:
139:
133:
132:
125:
116:
115:
109:
108:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4760:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Negativicutes
4741:
4740:
4738:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4498:
4497:Teskebacteria
4494:
4491:
4487:
4483:"Qinglongiia"
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4451:
4448:
4447:Magnetococcia
4444:
4441:
4440:Mariprofundia
4437:
4434:
4433:Caulobacteria
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:"Canglongiia"
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:Moduliflexota
4251:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4087:Chrysiogenota
4085:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4069:Desulfurellia
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:Hydrothermota
3936:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3904:Fibrobacteria
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:Electryoneota
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:Calditrichota
3804:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3747:
3746:Lentisphaeria
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Phycisphaeria
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3681:
3677:
3675:"Leptospiria"
3674:
3672:"Exilispiria"
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3662:Spirochaetota
3660:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3541:"Omnitrophia"
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3515:Endomicrobiia
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:Auribacterota
3478:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:Hydrobacteria
3446:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:Fusobacteriia
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:Fusobacterida
3382:
3370:"Thermotogia"
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:Caldisericota
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3279:Atribacterota
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:Synergistetes
3270:
3267:
3263:
3254:
3253:Wirthbacteria
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3155:
3154:Selenomonadia
3151:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3142:Halanaerobiia
3139:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3126:"Peptococcia"
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Cyanobacteria
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2918:Armatimonadia
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:"Caldilineia"
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:Chloroflexota
2857:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:Rubrobacteria
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Actinomycetia
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:BV1, BV3, BV5
2788:
2787:Terrabacteria
2784:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Stramenopiles
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2697:(major groups
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2463:
2459:
2458:"Selenomonas"
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:Negativicutes
1842:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1806:
1805:"Selenomonas"
1803:J.P. Euzéby.
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:(1/2): 32–36.
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
989:
988:
985:
981:
975:
974:
968:
967:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
949:
948:
941:
940:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
922:
916:
915:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
896:
889:
888:
882:
881:
878:
877:
874:
869:
868:
861:
860:
854:
853:
850:
849:
841:
840:
837:
836:
835:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:
811:
810:
804:
803:
797:
796:
793:
792:
784:
783:
774:
773:
765:
764:
756:
755:
752:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
730:
724:
723:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
705:
699:
698:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
681:
680:
679:
672:
671:
665:
664:
661:
660:
651:
650:
642:
641:
633:
632:
629:
625:
624:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
604:
597:
596:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
578:
572:
571:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:
548:
547:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:
521:
520:
514:
513:
509:
508:
504:
497:
492:
489:
487:
483:
477:
469:
467:
465:
457:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
436:Chlamydomonas
433:
429:
428:Ginkgo biloba
425:
421:
416:
406:
402:
400:
399:blepharoplast
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
345:
341:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
310:
308:
304:
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
281:and the noun
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
259:
257:
256:Gram-negative
253:
252:
251:Negativicutes
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:
226:
225:
224:Negativicutes
220:
219:
214:
213:
212:Eubacteriales
208:
204:
203:
196:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:
145:
141:
138:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
114:
110:
105:
100:
99:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
67:Negativicutes
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
4545:
4511:
4478:Qinglongiota
4404:Canglongiota
4293:Nitrospirota
4283:Nitrospinota
4235:"Lernaellia"
4091:Chrysiogenia
3932:"Heilongiia"
3836:Cosmopoliota
3810:Calditrichia
3799:Rhodothermia
3795:"Kryptoniia"
3771:Bacteroidota
3680:Spirochaetia
3624:"Sumerlaeia"
3536:Omnitrophota
3474:"Aerophobia"
3366:Thermotogota
3314:Caldisericia
3289:Synergistota
3283:Atribacteria
3265:Thermotogida
3096:Limnochordia
3090:Bacillota G
3076:Bacillota E
3058:Bacillota D
3040:Bacillota A
2930:"Zipacnadia"
2885:Deinococcota
2867:Chloroflexia
2756:Opisthokonta
2613:. Retrieved
2607:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2553:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2451:
2433:cite journal
2398:
2394:
2384:
2349:
2346:J. Bacteriol
2345:
2335:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2229:(2): 53–59.
2226:
2222:
2212:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2070:
2064:
2050:cite journal
2015:
2012:J. Bacteriol
2011:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1953:
1946:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1813:. Retrieved
1784:
1780:
1774:
1739:S. palpitans
1738:
1732:
1638:
1637:
1622:
1620:
1599:
1598:
1586:Selenomastix
1584:
1570:
1569:
1546:
1545:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1443:
1422:
1421:
1399:
1397:
1374:
1373:
1343:
1342:
1327:
1325:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1251:
1250:
1224:
1223:
1193:Anaerovibrio
1191:
1190:
1171:
1170:
1049:
1048:
1031:
1030:
997:
996:
979:
978:
945:
944:
920:
919:
907:
893:
892:
865:
864:
834:Anaerovibrio
832:
831:
815:
814:
746:
745:
728:
727:
703:
702:
690:
676:
675:
621:
620:
602:
600:
576:
575:
563:
525:
524:
479:
463:
461:
456:S. palpitans
455:
443:
435:
431:
427:
419:
412:
390:S. sputigena
389:
382:S. palpitans
381:
366:provided by
353:
349:Selenomastix
348:
343:
342:, the genus
340:nomenclature
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
302:
300:
286:
274:
272:
262:
260:
249:
242:
228:
222:
216:
210:
200:
198:
158:
153:
152:
150:
143:
119:
113:Type species
104:von Prowazek
97:
24:Selenomonad
18:
4681:selenomonas
4637:iNaturalist
4576:Selenomonas
4570:Wikispecies
4546:Selenomonas
4521:Wikispecies
4516:(2001–2012)
4297:Nitrospiria
4287:Nitrospinia
4265:Myxococcota
4230:Lernaellota
4169:Oligoflexia
3927:Heilongiota
3776:Bacteroidia
3719:"Brocadiia"
3703:Chlamydiota
3634:Spirochaeto
3619:Sumerlaeota
3469:Aerophobota
3303:Thermocalda
3293:Synergistia
3123:"Moorellia"
3045:Clostridiia
2891:Deinococcia
2658:Prokaryotes
2534:20 November
2510:20 November
2489:20 November
2468:9 September
1914:: 2631–41.
1815:9 September
1743:Simons 1922
1572:Mitsuokella
908:Selenomonas
873:(Type sp.)
691:Selenomonas
678:Mitsuokella
564:Selenomonas
484:(LPSN) and
444:Selenomonas
420:Selenomonas
344:Selenomonas
303:Selenomonas
287:Selenomonas
275:Selenomonas
207:transferred
199:The family
159:Selenomonas
154:Selenomonas
98:Selenomonas
4737:Categories
4378:Holophagia
4277:Polyangiia
4270:Myxococcia
4049:Aquificota
4030:Aquificida
3781:Chlorobiia
3708:Chlamydiia
3649:"Babeliae"
3011:Firmicutes
2945:"Xenobiia"
1995:: 431–458.
1902:Clostridia
1857:Firmicutes
1766:References
1226:Schwartzia
817:Schwartzia
424:cryptogams
375:guinea-pig
263:Clostridia
237:and being
235:Gram stain
195:Gram stain
193:See also:
189:Gram stain
183:fastidious
179:microscope
4182:"Binatia"
4053:Aquificia
3761:FCB group
3693:PVC group
3171:CPR group
3027:Bacillota
2751:Amoebozoa
2729:Alveolata
2717:Cryptista
2692:Eukaryota
2484:"The LTP"
1284:Centipeda
505:08-RS214
498:_08_2023
470:Phylogeny
360:anaerobic
356:crescents
269:Etymology
239:trivially
230:Bacillota
175:ruminants
144:See text
57:Bacillota
4561:Q3954750
4555:Wikidata
4510:Source:
4177:Binatota
3644:Babelota
3453:BV2, BV4
3033:Bacillia
2746:Amorphea
2724:Rhizaria
2712:Hacrobia
2702:Excavata
2687:Bacteria
2662:Bacteria
2425:19587155
2155:13189856
2106:14946656
2042:13654218
1976:: 70–73.
1938:23834245
1885:19667386
1749:See also
1253:Quinella
464:S. noxia
394:flagella
368:ruminant
291:selenium
83:Family:
53:Phylum:
47:Bacteria
43:Domain:
4655:1221879
4629:3226232
4305:SAR324
3561:Clade 2
3461:Clade 1
3180:Elulota
2761:Animals
2682:Archaea
2416:2744897
2376:4323298
2327:4129090
2278:4773919
2204:4165067
2182:Bibcode
1929:4056668
488:(NCBI)
432:Euglena
409:region.
386:gingiva
171:animals
163:species
137:Species
93:Genus:
73:Order:
63:Class:
4720:571511
4707:430108
4668:958089
4642:356664
4616:1SELMG
4470:others
4344:others
3019:Low GC
2799:others
2739:Plants
2676:Domain
2615:10 May
2588:10 May
2561:10 May
2423:
2413:
2374:
2367:248505
2364:
2325:
2318:413832
2315:
2276:
2202:
2174:Nature
2153:
2146:180798
2143:
2104:
2040:
2033:290421
2030:
1936:
1926:
1883:
1811:(LPSN)
378:caecum
254:stain
128:Flügge
4715:WoRMS
4650:IRMNG
4603:83392
2766:Fungi
2529:(PDF)
2200:S2CID
371:rumen
283:monas
4689:NCBI
4676:LPSN
4663:ITIS
4624:GBIF
4611:EPPO
4590:7F8T
3197:ABY1
2617:2023
2590:2023
2563:2023
2536:2023
2512:2023
2491:2023
2470:2022
2443:link
2439:link
2421:PMID
2372:PMID
2323:PMID
2274:PMID
2151:PMID
2102:PMID
2056:link
2038:PMID
1934:PMID
1881:PMID
1817:2022
503:GTDB
434:and
243:c.f.
205:was
106:1913
4694:970
4598:EoL
4585:CoL
4022:BV2
3015:BV3
2411:PMC
2403:doi
2362:PMC
2354:doi
2350:105
2313:PMC
2305:doi
2264:doi
2231:doi
2190:doi
2178:176
2141:PMC
2133:doi
2094:doi
2028:PMC
2020:doi
1924:PMC
1916:doi
1871:doi
496:LTP
401:".
279:-o-
169:of
4739::
4717::
4704::
4691::
4678::
4665::
4652::
4639::
4626::
4613::
4600::
4587::
4572::
4557::
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4406:"
4324:"
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2431:{{
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2100:.
2090:64
2088:.
2052:}}
2048:{{
2036:.
2026:.
2016:77
2014:.
2010:.
1993:59
1991:.
1974:14
1972:.
1932:.
1922:.
1912:15
1910:.
1906:.
1879:.
1867:60
1865:.
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1807:.
1793:^
1783:.
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