315:. Despite sometimes working in hierarchical organizations, creative professionals have a considerable degree of autonomy in their work. The demand for cognitive skills is significantly higher than that in societies during the early stages of industrialisation. In order to meet these demands, the workforces in post-industrial societies are increasingly pursuing higher education, with a focus on creativity, imagination, and intellectual independence.
123:
27:
68:
387:
by
Inglehart indicated that a significant proportion of the variation in the data could be accounted for by using measures that accessed only two dimensions: a traditional to secular-rational axis and a survival to self-expression axis. Initially, the factor scores were derived from 22 variables, but
363:
cannot function effectively without highly educated workers, who become articulate and accustomed to thinking for themselves. Moreover, rising levels of financial stability bring more emphasis to values of self-expression that prioritise personal freedom of choice. There is an increasing likelihood
323:
pressures that came with them. The traditional system, in which children depend on their parents to survive, in return for which they are expected to take care of their parents in old age, has been weakened by the welfare state. As a result, close-knit family structures, once a survival necessity,
364:
for mass publics to desire democracy, and they are becoming more effective in achieving it. As time goes on, repressing mass demands for liberalization becomes more damaging and expensive to economic effectiveness. Economic development is connected to democracy due to these changes.
304:. This creates a scenario where the people in respective societies start taking physical survival, minimum living standards, and nearly 80 years of average life expectancy for granted. This further motivates them to pursue goals beyond mere survival.
328:
The destandardisation of economic activities and social life reduces social constraints in unprecedented ways. Therefore, the transition in post-industrial societies is largely characterised by liberation from authority.
450:
Although consisting of only five variables, the correlates for this dimension in the WV survey are very strong. Below is a partial list. Positive responses indicate survival values rather than self-expression values.
295:
This transition has led to historically high levels of prosperity and welfare states that offer food, clothing, shelter, housing, education, and healthcare to almost everyone. Even in the United States, where the
318:
Post-industrial societies tend to be more socially liberal than those that preceded them. The centrally controlled, highly regimented workforces of the industrial world have disappeared, along with the strong
248:, illustrating the changes in values across countries and generations. The idea that the world is moving towards self-expression values was discussed at length in an article in
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instead. There has been a transition from a mechanical environment to one where more people spend more of their time dealing with other individuals, symbols, and
796:
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252:. Expressing one's personality, emotions, or ideas through art, music, or drama, is a way to reveal oneself to others in a way that is special to them.
357:. In contrast, post-industrial societies are associated with socio-cultural changes that strengthen the prospects of genuine and effective democracy.
40:
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When seeking a job, a good income and a safe job are more important than a feeling of accomplishment and working with the people you like.
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Inglehart, Ronald; Welzel, Christian (2010), "Changing Mass
Priorities: The Link between Modernization and Democracy",
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311:. Engineers, teachers, lawyers, accountants, counselors, programmers, and analysts all fall under the category of
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288:, thus workers in the knowledge sector need to exercise their own judgment and decision-making abilities.
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are now increasingly a matter of choice, replacing 'communities of necessity' with 'elective affinities'.
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Respondent gives priority to self-expression and quality of life over economic and physical security
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provides the most comprehensive assessment of how values are perceived and expressed. To date, five "
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they were later reduced to only 10 (5 for each dimension) due to data availability constraints.
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Modernization and
Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies
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746:"The silent revolution in Europe: Intergenerational change in postindustrial societies"
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280:, the vast majority of the people are no longer employed in factories, but work in the
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Respondent has not attended a meeting or signed a petition to protect the environment
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is relatively limited, the government still significantly redistributes part of the
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Respondent is relatively favorable to state ownership of business and industry.
380:" have been undertaken, with each including additional countries in the survey.
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Respondent rejects foreigners, homosexuals and people with AIDS as neighbors.
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213:
857:(2002). "Losing the Traditional: Individualization and Precarious Freedoms".
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One must always love and respect one's parents regardless of their behavior.
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Respondent is dissatisfied with financial situation of his or her household.
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Survival values emphasize the following (opposite of self-expression values)
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Modernization, Cultural Change and
Democracy: The Human Development Sequence
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Respondent does not have much free choice or control over his or her life.
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Respondent does not think one has to be very careful about trusting people
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A child needs a home with both a mother and a father to grow up happily.
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Imagination is not one of the most important things to teach a child.
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151:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Respondent favors more emphasis on the development of technology.
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When jobs are scarce, men have more right to a job than women.
507:
Respondent has not recycled things to protect the environment.
301:
116:
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20:
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Contemporary service-oriented occupations demand the use of
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A woman has to have children in order to be fulfilled.
140:
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Respondent does not describe own health as very good.
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has instigated significant cultural changes. In the
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368:Empirical measurements of self-expression values
236:, has worked extensively with this concept. The
433:Respondent has signed or would sign a petition
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467:Men make better political leaders than women.
291:This transition has had significant outcomes:
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8:
797:"Field Listing: Labor force – by occupation"
337:Different political systems can emerge from
701:Cambridge University Press & Assessment
391:The self-expression axis has the following
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
679:American Values: Living with a superpower
208:process. Self-expression is a cluster of
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
893:, New York: Cambridge University Press,
417:Respondent describes self as very happy
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425:Homosexuality is sometimes justifiable
232:professor who developed the theory of
7:
707:from the original on 28 October 2022
333:Self-expression values and democracy
256:Emergence of self-expression values
77:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
754:American Political Science Review
36:This article has multiple issues.
121:
87:guide to writing better articles
66:
25:
44:or discuss these issues on the
833:The Rise of the Creative Class
276:, and a growing proportion of
224:and an aspiration to liberty.
1:
238:Inglehart–Welzel Cultural Map
948:1990 and 1996 Values surveys
615:Theory of Basic Human Values
147:the claims made and adding
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650:Princeton University Press
460:Correlation with survival/
928:10.1017/S1537592710001258
916:Perspectives on Politics
885:Inglehart, Ronald &
605:Gross national happiness
462:self-expression values
262:post-industrial society
81:used on Knowledge (XXG)
726:Psychology, Positive.
242:self-expression values
230:University of Michigan
198:Self-expression values
85:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
664:"World Values Survey"
646:Princeton, New Jersey
260:The emergence of the
697:Cambridge Dictionary
212:that include social
374:World Values Survey
361:Knowledge societies
802:CIA World Factbook
132:possibly contains
970:Political science
887:Welzel, Christian
867:SAGE Publications
859:Individualization
742:Inglehart, Ronald
693:"self-expression"
638:Inglehart, Ronald
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339:industrialization
222:public expression
218:life satisfaction
204:dimension in the
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226:Ronald Inglehart
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38:Please help
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841:Basic Books
600:Consumerism
383:Subsequent
286:information
959:Categories
813:23 January
621:References
321:conformity
240:contrasts
202:core value
141:improve it
41:improve it
783:145368579
595:Affluenza
355:democracy
351:theocracy
347:communism
278:East Asia
214:tolerance
145:verifying
47:talk page
936:49528865
889:(2005),
837:New York
831:(2002).
744:(1971).
705:Archived
640:(1997).
589:See also
775:1953494
711:18 June
343:fascism
139:Please
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863:London
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270:Canada
228:, the
210:values
932:S2CID
779:S2CID
771:JSTOR
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