550:
607:
591:
477:
Ethnologue lists
Semnani, Sorkhei, Lasgerdi, and Sangsari as languages with Biyabunaki as a possible dialect of Semnani and Aftari as a dialect of Sorkhei.
667:
672:
584:
182:
There are six
Semnani languages named in the literature. Some may be dialects, but there is little published work on their relationships.
648:
479:
Linguasphere lists them together in an outer language called
Semnani+Sangisari with Semnani and Sangisari listed as inner languages.
577:
156:
532:
Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran". In
Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.).
171:. These languages are also called "dialects" in some sources. The Semnani languages are descendants of the extinct
59:
641:
557:
44:
49:
677:
89:
634:
207:
192:
172:
168:
99:
94:
54:
618:
561:
549:
520:
197:
186:
109:
104:
435:
202:
176:
160:
84:
39:
481:
134:
124:
661:
118:
606:
447:
488:(1991) lists Semnani and Sangisari as languages in the Semnani subgroup.
524:
614:
164:
32:
175:
whereas the
Caspian languages are descended from the extinct
536:. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. pp. 296–314.
511:
Borjian, Habib (2008). "The
Komisenian Dialect of Aftar".
486:
A Guide to the World's
Languages, Volume 1: Classification
167:
that share many linguistic features and structures with
622:
565:
473:(1977) lists them as dialects of Persian (pg. 185).
189:(incl. one of several dialects termed 'Biyabunaki')
117:
78:
38:
26:
21:
471:Classification and Index of the World's Languages
475:Lecoq, pg. 297 lists them as "dialects" as well.
642:
585:
8:
649:
635:
592:
578:
163:(only 68,700 native speakers in 2019) of
436:Ethnologue listing for Semnani languages
228:
16:Group of North-western Iranian languages
428:
18:
77:
7:
603:
601:
546:
544:
621:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
564:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
605:
548:
534:Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum
668:Northwestern Iranian languages
157:Northwestern Iranian languages
1:
673:Indo-European language stubs
694:
600:
543:
469:C.F. & F.M. Voegelin,
130:(Semnani–Biyabuneki)
40:Linguistic classification
558:Indo-European languages
617:-related article is a
560:-related article is a
448:"Semnani | Ethnologue"
153:Komisenian languages
630:
629:
573:
572:
513:Archiv Orientální
420:
419:
169:Iranian languages
149:Semnani languages
145:
144:
685:
651:
644:
637:
609:
602:
594:
587:
580:
552:
545:
537:
528:
525:10.7916/D8N02H9X
498:
495:
489:
467:
461:
458:
452:
451:
444:
438:
433:
229:
226:
225:
221:
141:
137:
131:
127:
19:
693:
692:
688:
687:
686:
684:
683:
682:
658:
657:
656:
655:
599:
598:
541:
531:
510:
507:
502:
501:
497:Lecoq, pg. 310.
496:
492:
480:
478:
476:
474:
468:
464:
459:
455:
446:
445:
441:
434:
430:
425:
227:
223:
219:
217:
216:
161:Semnan province
155:are a group of
139:
133:
132:
129:
123:
60:Western Iranian
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
691:
689:
681:
680:
675:
670:
660:
659:
654:
653:
646:
639:
631:
628:
627:
610:
597:
596:
589:
582:
574:
571:
570:
553:
539:
538:
529:
506:
503:
500:
499:
490:
482:Merritt Ruhlen
462:
460:Lecoq, pg. 297
453:
439:
427:
426:
424:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
398:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
385:
381:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
368:
364:
363:
360:
358:
355:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
306:
305:
302:
300:
298:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
269:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
215:
212:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
143:
142:
121:
115:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
80:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
67:
42:
36:
35:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
690:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
652:
647:
645:
640:
638:
633:
632:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
608:
604:
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
575:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
551:
547:
542:
535:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
508:
504:
494:
491:
487:
483:
472:
466:
463:
457:
454:
449:
443:
440:
437:
432:
429:
422:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
399:
395:
393:
390:
388:
386:
383:
382:
378:
376:
373:
371:
369:
366:
365:
361:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
303:
301:
299:
297:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
270:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
222:
213:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
136:
126:
122:
120:
116:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
81:
66:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
46:
45:Indo-European
43:
41:
37:
34:
31:
25:
20:
623:expanding it
612:
566:expanding it
555:
540:
533:
516:
512:
505:Bibliography
493:
485:
470:
465:
456:
442:
431:
214:Cognate sets
181:
159:, spoken in
152:
148:
146:
140:(Komisenian)
79:Subdivisions
64:
50:Indo-Iranian
29:distribution
519:: 379–416.
247:Biyabunaki
678:Iran stubs
662:Categories
90:Biyabunaki
27:Geographic
318:mas/yale
241:Sangsari
238:Lasgerdi
119:Glottolog
416:džinakā
367:serpent
235:Sorkhei
232:English
208:Lasgerdi
193:Sangsari
173:Parthian
135:komi1276
125:semn1249
100:Sangsari
95:Lasgerdi
410:žekeyn
275:dukkey
244:Aftari
198:Sorkhei
187:Semnani
138:
128:
110:Sorkhei
105:Semnani
65:Semnani
55:Iranian
22:Semnani
401:woman
379:mahar
374:mohur
321:masīn
315:masīn
312:masīn
309:large
292:blood
252:horse
218:": -->
203:Aftari
177:Median
85:Aftari
613:This
556:This
423:Notes
413:džek
407:žaki
404:žiki
396:māye
391:mūng
384:moon
357:varf
348:snow
343:vēnī
340:vinī
337:xunī
334:vinī
328:nose
272:girl
267:esba
264:espa
261:esbe
258:esbe
255:esbā
619:stub
615:Iran
562:stub
362:var
354:var
351:vār
331:ven
304:xün
295:xün
287:dut
284:dut
281:döt
278:dot
220:edit
165:Iran
147:The
33:Iran
521:doi
151:or
664::
517:76
515:.
484:,
179:.
650:e
643:t
636:v
625:.
593:e
586:t
579:v
568:.
527:.
523::
450:.
224:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.