485:
799:
36:
811:
785:
104:
561:
477:
The main difference with AK is that, with AK, the whole assembly of piston-rod-bolt frame is a single large and heavy part. And, with ShKAS, it is split to several parts - the piston, the rod and the bolt frame, with a "personal" recoil spring for each of them (the weapon has a lot of springs in it).
551:
Although ShKAS is best known for its high rate of fire, it did have provision for slower cyclic rates by lowering the gas-pressure. This was done by "changing the position of the holes in the gas regulator, which comes with holes of three different sizes: 2.1 mm (1/12-inch), 2.5 mm (1/10-inch) and
655:
The ShKAS machine gun had a high rate of fire but it also had 48 ways of jamming. Some of them could be fixed immediately, some could not. And 1,800 rounds a minute was an insanely high rate of fire. If you pulled the trigger too long, the ShKAS would fire all its ammo in one go and that would be
504:
The cylindrical feed cage is rotated by an arm that engages a slot in the gas piston. A helical groove in the drum arrangement withdraws the cartridges from the metal disintegrating link belt as it moves through the feedway by engaging their rims and gradually camming the cartridges rearward. The
650:
at 400 meters (1,312 feet) giving a firing density of 5 bullets per square meter of the sky. Moreover, the ShKAS was unusually light as well; the four guns, with 650 rounds of ammunition each, weighed a total of only 160 kg (350 lb). ShKAS wasn't problem-free though. Soviet machine-gun
500:
An interesting departure was made from the heretofore orthodox practice of feeding ammunition to a gun of this caliber. The feed, somewhat resembling a grooved revolver cylinder, is an integral part of the gun, and the cartridges remain axial throughout the entire operation.
508:
This circular type of feed holds ten rounds. Several phases are required to completely delink a round and roll it up into position for being shoved into the chamber. A small folding handle held on the top side is used to rotate the feed drum when filling with cartridges.
1048:
1951, The
Machine Gun: Development During World War II and Korean Conflict by the United States and their Allies of Full Automatic Machine Gun Systems and High Rate of Fire Power Driven Cannon, Volume III, Parts VIII and IX. p.
717:) was imprinted on the bottom of the cases. The cases, designed by N. M. Elizarov, also had a few additional features like double crimping and a thicker case wall of "bimetallic" construction instead of the traditional
591:"KM" stands for "constructed model", i.e. production. The intended role was marked with the letters "T" for flexible, "K" for wing, and "S" synchronized. The flexible version was usually mounted in a Soviet copy of the
512:
Camming the round slowly out of the belt with this type of feeder causes practically no drag when the weapon is fired at high speed. It has belt pull enough to take care of practically any length belt desired.
595:. The 1937 model had slightly higher maximum rate of fire of 2,000 rounds per minute. The amount of ammunition normally carried was 750 rounds for the fixed models and 1,000 to 1,500 for the flexible.
1191:
464:
A key element of the ShKAS' high rate of fire is the revolving drum (feed cage) that holds ten rounds and provides a very smooth, progressive removal of the cartridges from their disintegrating link
1881:
1184:
772:
for
Western designs) was inspired by the ShKAS. However, the method of operation is very different: gas-operation on the ShKAS versus a revolving cam on the MG 213C.
630:
In 1939, a small number of Ultra-ShKAS were produced featuring a firing rate of 3,000 rounds per minute but these saw only limited use due to reliability problems.
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1177:
864:
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516:
The
Russian Air Force nicknamed this circular arrangement the "bird-cage" feed. It is an adaptation of a system first used by the Polish designer,
1653:
638:
The ShKAS was the fastest-firing rifle calibre aircraft armament in general service in World War II. A one-second burst from the four ShKAS of a
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932:
568:
Initial production consisted of cable-charged wing-mounted and turret-mounted ShKAS with a synchronized version entering service in 1936.
57:
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79:
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1061:
The
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft Armament: A Major Directory of Guns, Rockets, Missiles, Bombs, Torpedoes and Mines
474:
The bolt action mechanism is the "gas piston in a tube - rod - bolt frame", rather similar to
Kalashnikov's assault rifle.
1846:
484:
421:. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII. It was designed by
1616:
544:
1105:
The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and the
Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front
571:
By 1952 Western intelligence had identified five different models, all including the number "426" in their markings:
50:
44:
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109:
61:
1430:
859:
170:
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481:
This provided for the lightweight recoiling portion of the gun, which weighs only 921 grams (2.07 lb).
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313:
426:
196:
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684:: 1,800 rounds/min wing- or turret-mounted; 1,625 rounds/min synchronized. UltraShKAS: 3,000 rounds/min.
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666:
584:
KM-36, in flexible role (1935) and propeller-synchronized (1937); the latter had an extra-long barrel
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333:
286:
505:
freed cartridges are then presented at the bottom of the receiver for chambering by final rotation.
552:
3.2 mm (1/8-inch). The smaller the orifice used, the more moderate is the rate of fire obtained."
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924:
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725:
B-32 bullet. Ammunition marked as such should not be fired out of any regular 7.62×54mmR rifles.
705:
Although chambered in the 7.62×54mmR, the ShKAS guns used cartridges specially built for them to
458:
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403:
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696:: 10 kg (22 lb) empty; 40 kg (88 lb) with 650 rounds of ammunition.
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1125:
Chinn, George M. The
Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952
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681:
492:
A declassified US analysis of the feed system, based on models captured during the
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After analysing the less unusual parts of the ShKAS, the US source concludes:
493:
266:
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560:
540:
471:
The bolt locking action is
Browning-style, i.e. slightly tilted wedge bolt.
1568:
1548:
429:
and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet
989:
Shirokorad, p. 73; there is no number given for 1936, 1939 and 1941–1942
1543:
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1213:
838:
675:
298:
1200:
816:
693:
434:
17:
598:
Soviet archives indicate the following production volumes, by year:
755:
Armour piercing: 11 mm (0.43 in) at 400 m (1,312 ft)
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1107:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2007.
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406:ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a
1173:
29:
539:
Thus the Shkas is an innovation based on the features of the
709:; to distinguish them from the regular 7.62 ammunition, the
543:(ejection and buffer), the Szakats (rotating feed), and the
1009:ОРУЖЕЙНАЯ МАСТЕРСКАЯ: 7,62-мм ВИНТОВОЧНО-ПУЛЕМЕТНЫЕ ПАТРОНЫ
764:
Some military historians believe the feed system of the
581:
KM-35, in flexible role (1934) and wing-mounted (1935)
259:
1,077–1,097 mm (42.4–43.2 in) (synchronized)
247:
10.2 kg (22.5 lb) (1941 model, wing-mounted)
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1118:Романов Д. И. Оружие Воздушного Боя (Romanov D.I.,
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272:605 mm (23.8 in) (wing and flexible)
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8:
400:Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft
547:(piston-actuated, propped breech, locking.)
488:Diagram of the ShKAS feed system operation.
1882:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
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1218:
1192:
1178:
1170:
257:955 mm (37.6 in) (flexible role)
245:11.1 kg (24.5 lb) (synchronized)
91:
919:The illustrated encyclopaedia of firearms
578:KM-33, in flexible role, appeared in 1933
274:750 mm (29.5 in) (synchronized)
261:1,005 mm (39.6 in) (1941 model)
255:935 mm (36.8 in) (wing-mounted)
241:9.8 kg (21.6 lb) (wing-mounted)
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
651:technician Viktor M. Sinaisky recalled:
352:775–825 m/s (2,540–2,710 ft/s)
43:This article includes a list of general
881:
276:675 mm (26.6 in) (1941 model)
243:10.6 kg (23.4 lb) (flexible)
1877:KBP Instrument Design Bureau products
1867:Cold War firearms of the Soviet Union
461:in which the pin strikes the primer.
7:
865:List of common World War II weapons
721:. The main type of bullet used was
528:called the ShKAS feeding system a "
746:: 2,100 kg/m (3.0 lb/in)
575:a prototype "426" appeared in 1932
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1872:Aircraft guns of the Soviet Union
1134:Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia
701:7.62 mm ammunition specifications
417:aircraft in the 1930s and during
1862:Machine guns of the Soviet Union
1132:Харвест (Shirokorad A.B. (2001)
1086:German aircraft guns and cannons
1063:. Salamander Books. p. 24.
923:. New Burlington Books. p.
809:
797:
783:
690:: 825 m/s (2,710 ft/s)
437:and served as the basis for the
102:
34:
1130:История авиационного вооружения
1033:"Russian & Soviet 7.62x54r"
752:duration: 750 m (2,460 ft)
678:: 7.62 mm (0.300 in)
316:with rotary feeding mechanism
222:
1:
646:placed 120 bullets within 15
1146:History of aircraft armament
110:Zadorozhny Equipment Museum
27:Soviet aircraft machine gun
1898:
1165:патроны для сверх пулемета
1084:E. J. Hoffschmidt (1969).
890:"Russian ShKAS Aerial Gun"
723:armour-piercing incendiary
587:a 1941 model, wing-mounted
145:
1852:World War II machine guns
280:
128:Place of origin
101:
998:Drabkin 2007, pp. 60–68.
860:List of Russian weaponry
171:Second Sino-Japanese War
1857:7.62×54mmR machine guns
1088:. WE, inc. p. 117.
834:Savin-Narov machine gun
804:Second Spanish Republic
64:more precise citations.
1128:Широкорад А.Б. (2001)
658:
565:
549:
522:
489:
322:Rate of fire
1059:Bill Gunston (1987).
845:Vickers K machine gun
744:Ballistic coefficient
564:ShKAS in a ring mount
563:
487:
339:3000 RPM (UltraShKAS)
915:Ian V. Hogg (1978).
348:Muzzle velocity
1847:Medium machine guns
1007:Сергей МОНЕТЧИКОВ,
760:Possible influences
729:Bullet weight: 148
602:1933 — 365 produced
427:Irinarkh Komaritsky
197:Irinarkh Komaritsky
1014:2018-03-30 at the
736:Round weight: 370
707:smaller tolerances
661:Gun specifications
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490:
457:; it has a single
180:Production history
96:ShKAS machine gun
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1823:RShR-57/OKB-15-57
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1207:aircraft ordnance
1160:Ultra-ShKAS photo
1070:978-0-86101-314-2
934:978-0-906286-41-8
892:. 9 January 2013.
829:MG 81 machine gun
817:Republic of China
750:Tracer ammunition
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423:Boris Shpitalniy
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329:1800 RPM (ShKAS)
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768:(the seminal
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645:
641:
634:Effectiveness
633:
631:
626:1945 — 12,455
625:
623:1944 — 36,255
622:
620:1943 — 29,450
619:
617:1940 — 34,233
616:
614:1938 — 19,687
613:
611:1937 — 13,005
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530:squirrel cage
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19:
1679:Berezin B-20
1611:
1584:machine guns
1534:OFAB-100-120
1521:Aerial bombs
1454:9K114 Shturm
1145:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1104:
1097:Bibliography
1085:
1079:
1060:
1054:
1046:George Chinn
1041:
1027:
1019:
1003:
994:
985:
980:Chinn, p. 79
976:
971:Chinn, p. 73
959:Chinn, p. 72
947:Chinn, p. 80
943:
918:
910:
884:
791:Soviet Union
763:
704:
682:Rate of fire
654:
648:angular mils
637:
629:
608:1935 — 3,566
605:1934 — 2,476
597:
590:
570:
567:
550:
538:
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523:
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511:
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451:gas-operated
448:
419:World War II
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
377:
334:synchronized
269: length
161:World War II
146:
141:Used by
131:Soviet Union
76:
67:
48:
1617:Savin–Norov
1579:Autocannons
1464:9K121 Vikhr
1459:9M120 Ataka
1444:9M17 Fleyta
1203:and former
841:machine gun
766:Mauser 213C
733:(9.6 grams)
593:Scarff ring
526:Ian V. Hogg
455:machine gun
449:ShKAS is a
445:Description
411:machine gun
394:viatsionny
371:Iron sights
225: built
122:machine gun
62:introducing
1841:Categories
1644:Berezin UB
1223:Air-to-air
871:References
740:(24 grams)
671:7.62×54mmR
494:Korean War
390:omaritski
332:1650 RPM (
292:7.62×54mmR
45:references
1654:YakB-12.7
1622:GShG-7.62
1486:RS-82/132
1439:3M6 Shmel
1431:Anti-tank
1354:Anti-ship
1136:Harvest.
1020:Bratishka
667:Cartridge
496:, reads:
453:aircraft
287:Cartridge
217:1933–1945
120:Aircraft
70:June 2013
1756:GSh-6-30
1751:GSh-30-2
1746:GSh-30-1
1725:GSh-6-23
1569:FAB-9000
1549:FAB-5000
1214:Missiles
1012:Archived
823:See also
711:Cyrillic
556:Variants
545:Berthier
441:cannon.
431:fighters
404:Russian:
386:pitalny-
361:Belt-fed
228:~150,000
214:Produced
206:Designed
185:Designer
1640:12.7 mm
1631:12.7 mm
1598:SIBEMAS
1592:7.62 mm
1544:FAB-500
1539:FAB-250
1478:Rockets
1201:Russian
839:SIBEMAS
676:Calibre
459:chamber
435:bombers
303:7.62 mm
299:Caliber
58:improve
1720:GSh-23
1695:VYa-23
1358:cruise
1205:Soviet
1140:
1111:
1067:
1022:2012/1
931:
814:
788:
738:grains
731:grains
694:Weight
415:Soviet
367:Sights
309:Action
267:Barrel
252:Length
47:, but
1812:57 mm
1803:NS-45
1796:45 mm
1782:NS-37
1777:Sh-37
1770:37 mm
1741:NR-30
1734:30 mm
1710:AM-23
1705:NR-23
1700:NS-23
1688:23 mm
1675:20 mm
1673:ShVAK
1663:20 mm
1638:ShVAK
1612:ShKAS
1421:Kh-90
1416:Kh-45
1411:Kh-35
1406:Kh-31
1401:Kh-15
1396:Kh-55
1391:KSR-5
1386:KSR-2
1381:Kh-22
1376:Kh-20
1371:K-10S
1339:Kh-59
1334:Kh-58
1329:Kh-45
1324:Kh-29
1319:Kh-28
1314:Kh-25
1309:Kh-23
876:Notes
776:Users
719:brass
541:Maxim
439:ShVAK
380:ShKAS
147:Users
18:ShKAS
1787:N-37
1761:2A42
1715:R-23
1669:Sh-3
1602:PV-1
1559:PTAB
1554:RRAB
1511:S-25
1506:S-24
1501:S-13
1366:KS-1
1344:LMUR
1291:R-37
1286:R-77
1281:R-73
1276:R-27
1271:R-33
1266:R-60
1261:R-23
1256:R-40
1246:R-38
1138:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1065:ISBN
929:ISBN
656:it!!
532:".)
466:belt
433:and
425:and
378:The
238:Mass
209:1932
154:Wars
144:See
117:Type
1529:FAB
1496:S-8
1491:S-5
1251:R-4
1241:R-8
1236:R-3
1231:K-5
1144:) (
925:279
642:or
314:Gas
223:No.
1843::
1607:DA
1356:,
1049:44
1018:,
964:^
952:^
927:.
898:^
669::
468:.
402:;
384:Sh
1581:,
1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
1148:)
1122:)
1115:.
1073:.
1035:.
937:.
715:Ш
524:(
520:.
396:S
392:A
388:K
382:(
336:)
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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