474:
788:
25:
800:
774:
93:
550:
466:
The main difference with AK is that, with AK, the whole assembly of piston-rod-bolt frame is a single large and heavy part. And, with ShKAS, it is split to several parts - the piston, the rod and the bolt frame, with a "personal" recoil spring for each of them (the weapon has a lot of springs in it).
540:
Although ShKAS is best known for its high rate of fire, it did have provision for slower cyclic rates by lowering the gas-pressure. This was done by "changing the position of the holes in the gas regulator, which comes with holes of three different sizes: 2.1 mm (1/12-inch), 2.5 mm (1/10-inch) and
644:
The ShKAS machine gun had a high rate of fire but it also had 48 ways of jamming. Some of them could be fixed immediately, some could not. And 1,800 rounds a minute was an insanely high rate of fire. If you pulled the trigger too long, the ShKAS would fire all its ammo in one go and that would be
493:
The cylindrical feed cage is rotated by an arm that engages a slot in the gas piston. A helical groove in the drum arrangement withdraws the cartridges from the metal disintegrating link belt as it moves through the feedway by engaging their rims and gradually camming the cartridges rearward. The
639:
at 400 meters (1,312 feet) giving a firing density of 5 bullets per square meter of the sky. Moreover, the ShKAS was unusually light as well; the four guns, with 650 rounds of ammunition each, weighed a total of only 160 kg (350 lb). ShKAS wasn't problem-free though. Soviet machine-gun
489:
An interesting departure was made from the heretofore orthodox practice of feeding ammunition to a gun of this caliber. The feed, somewhat resembling a grooved revolver cylinder, is an integral part of the gun, and the cartridges remain axial throughout the entire operation.
497:
This circular type of feed holds ten rounds. Several phases are required to completely delink a round and roll it up into position for being shoved into the chamber. A small folding handle held on the top side is used to rotate the feed drum when filling with cartridges.
1037:
1951, The
Machine Gun: Development During World War II and Korean Conflict by the United States and their Allies of Full Automatic Machine Gun Systems and High Rate of Fire Power Driven Cannon, Volume III, Parts VIII and IX. p.
706:) was imprinted on the bottom of the cases. The cases, designed by N. M. Elizarov, also had a few additional features like double crimping and a thicker case wall of "bimetallic" construction instead of the traditional
580:"KM" stands for "constructed model", i.e. production. The intended role was marked with the letters "T" for flexible, "K" for wing, and "S" synchronized. The flexible version was usually mounted in a Soviet copy of the
501:
Camming the round slowly out of the belt with this type of feeder causes practically no drag when the weapon is fired at high speed. It has belt pull enough to take care of practically any length belt desired.
584:. The 1937 model had slightly higher maximum rate of fire of 2,000 rounds per minute. The amount of ammunition normally carried was 750 rounds for the fixed models and 1,000 to 1,500 for the flexible.
1180:
453:
A key element of the ShKAS' high rate of fire is the revolving drum (feed cage) that holds ten rounds and provides a very smooth, progressive removal of the cartridges from their disintegrating link
1870:
1173:
761:
for
Western designs) was inspired by the ShKAS. However, the method of operation is very different: gas-operation on the ShKAS versus a revolving cam on the MG 213C.
619:
In 1939, a small number of Ultra-ShKAS were produced featuring a firing rate of 3,000 rounds per minute but these saw only limited use due to reliability problems.
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1855:
1166:
853:
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505:
The
Russian Air Force nicknamed this circular arrangement the "bird-cage" feed. It is an adaptation of a system first used by the Polish designer,
1642:
627:
The ShKAS was the fastest-firing rifle calibre aircraft armament in general service in World War II. A one-second burst from the four ShKAS of a
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921:
557:
Initial production consisted of cable-charged wing-mounted and turret-mounted ShKAS with a synchronized version entering service in 1936.
46:
1845:
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1101:
68:
1000:
1050:
The
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft Armament: A Major Directory of Guns, Rockets, Missiles, Bombs, Torpedoes and Mines
463:
The bolt action mechanism is the "gas piston in a tube - rod - bolt frame", rather similar to
Kalashnikov's assault rifle.
1835:
473:
410:. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII. It was designed by
1605:
533:
1094:
The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and the
Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front
560:
By 1952 Western intelligence had identified five different models, all including the number "426" in their markings:
39:
33:
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1264:
98:
50:
1419:
848:
159:
1708:
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792:
470:
This provided for the lightweight recoiling portion of the gun, which weighs only 921 grams (2.07 lb).
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185:
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673:: 1,800 rounds/min wing- or turret-mounted; 1,625 rounds/min synchronized. UltraShKAS: 3,000 rounds/min.
1542:
1517:
655:
573:
KM-36, in flexible role (1935) and propeller-synchronized (1937); the latter had an extra-long barrel
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322:
275:
494:
freed cartridges are then presented at the bottom of the receiver for chambering by final rotation.
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3.2 mm (1/8-inch). The smaller the orifice used, the more moderate is the rate of fire obtained."
1211:
1148:
913:
906:
714:
B-32 bullet. Ammunition marked as such should not be fired out of any regular 7.62×54mmR rifles.
694:
Although chambered in the 7.62×54mmR, the ShKAS guns used cartridges specially built for them to
447:
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349:
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1279:
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685:: 10 kg (22 lb) empty; 40 kg (88 lb) with 650 rounds of ammunition.
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997:
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1114:
Chinn, George M. The
Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952
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670:
481:
A declassified US analysis of the feed system, based on models captured during the
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524:
After analysing the less unusual parts of the ShKAS, the US source concludes:
482:
255:
1427:
549:
529:
460:
The bolt locking action is
Browning-style, i.e. slightly tilted wedge bolt.
1557:
1537:
418:
and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet
978:
Shirokorad, p. 73; there is no number given for 1936, 1939 and 1941–1942
1532:
1527:
1202:
827:
664:
287:
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805:
682:
423:
587:
Soviet archives indicate the following production volumes, by year:
744:
Armour piercing: 11 mm (0.43 in) at 400 m (1,312 ft)
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1096:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2007.
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703:
395:ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a
1162:
18:
528:
Thus the Shkas is an innovation based on the features of the
698:; to distinguish them from the regular 7.62 ammunition, the
532:(ejection and buffer), the Szakats (rotating feed), and the
998:ОРУЖЕЙНАЯ МАСТЕРСКАЯ: 7,62-мм ВИНТОВОЧНО-ПУЛЕМЕТНЫЕ ПАТРОНЫ
753:
Some military historians believe the feed system of the
570:
KM-35, in flexible role (1934) and wing-mounted (1935)
248:
1,077–1,097 mm (42.4–43.2 in) (synchronized)
236:
10.2 kg (22.5 lb) (1941 model, wing-mounted)
1800:
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1107:Романов Д. И. Оружие Воздушного Боя (Romanov D.I.,
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261:605 mm (23.8 in) (wing and flexible)
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8:
389:Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft
536:(piston-actuated, propped breech, locking.)
477:Diagram of the ShKAS feed system operation.
1871:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
1577:
1207:
1181:
1167:
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246:955 mm (37.6 in) (flexible role)
234:11.1 kg (24.5 lb) (synchronized)
80:
908:The illustrated encyclopaedia of firearms
567:KM-33, in flexible role, appeared in 1933
263:750 mm (29.5 in) (synchronized)
250:1,005 mm (39.6 in) (1941 model)
244:935 mm (36.8 in) (wing-mounted)
230:9.8 kg (21.6 lb) (wing-mounted)
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
640:technician Viktor M. Sinaisky recalled:
341:775–825 m/s (2,540–2,710 ft/s)
32:This article includes a list of general
870:
265:675 mm (26.6 in) (1941 model)
232:10.6 kg (23.4 lb) (flexible)
1866:KBP Instrument Design Bureau products
1856:Cold War firearms of the Soviet Union
450:in which the pin strikes the primer.
7:
854:List of common World War II weapons
710:. The main type of bullet used was
517:called the ShKAS feeding system a "
735:: 2,100 kg/m (3.0 lb/in)
564:a prototype "426" appeared in 1932
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1861:Aircraft guns of the Soviet Union
1123:Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia
690:7.62 mm ammunition specifications
406:aircraft in the 1930s and during
1851:Machine guns of the Soviet Union
1121:Харвест (Shirokorad A.B. (2001)
1075:German aircraft guns and cannons
1052:. Salamander Books. p. 24.
912:. New Burlington Books. p.
798:
786:
772:
679:: 825 m/s (2,710 ft/s)
426:and served as the basis for the
91:
23:
1119:История авиационного вооружения
1022:"Russian & Soviet 7.62x54r"
741:duration: 750 m (2,460 ft)
667:: 7.62 mm (0.300 in)
305:with rotary feeding mechanism
211:
1:
635:placed 120 bullets within 15
1135:History of aircraft armament
99:Zadorozhny Equipment Museum
16:Soviet aircraft machine gun
1887:
1154:патроны для сверх пулемета
1073:E. J. Hoffschmidt (1969).
879:"Russian ShKAS Aerial Gun"
712:armour-piercing incendiary
576:a 1941 model, wing-mounted
134:
1841:World War II machine guns
269:
117:Place of origin
90:
987:Drabkin 2007, pp. 60–68.
849:List of Russian weaponry
160:Second Sino-Japanese War
1846:7.62×54mmR machine guns
1077:. WE, inc. p. 117.
823:Savin-Narov machine gun
793:Second Spanish Republic
53:more precise citations.
1117:Широкорад А.Б. (2001)
647:
554:
538:
511:
478:
311:Rate of fire
1048:Bill Gunston (1987).
834:Vickers K machine gun
733:Ballistic coefficient
553:ShKAS in a ring mount
552:
476:
328:3000 RPM (UltraShKAS)
904:Ian V. Hogg (1978).
337:Muzzle velocity
1836:Medium machine guns
996:Сергей МОНЕТЧИКОВ,
749:Possible influences
718:Bullet weight: 148
591:1933 — 365 produced
416:Irinarkh Komaritsky
186:Irinarkh Komaritsky
1003:2018-03-30 at the
725:Round weight: 370
696:smaller tolerances
650:Gun specifications
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479:
446:; it has a single
169:Production history
85:ShKAS machine gun
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1812:RShR-57/OKB-15-57
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1196:aircraft ordnance
1149:Ultra-ShKAS photo
1059:978-0-86101-314-2
923:978-0-906286-41-8
881:. 9 January 2013.
818:MG 81 machine gun
806:Republic of China
739:Tracer ammunition
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844:List of firearms
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412:Boris Shpitalniy
346:Feed system
318:1800 RPM (ShKAS)
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757:(the seminal
756:
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702:letter "Sh" (
701:
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669:
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638:
634:
630:
623:Effectiveness
622:
620:
615:1945 — 12,455
614:
612:1944 — 36,255
611:
609:1943 — 29,450
608:
606:1940 — 34,233
605:
603:1938 — 19,687
602:
600:1937 — 13,005
599:
596:
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583:
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519:squirrel cage
516:
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387:korostrelny,
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94:
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82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1668:Berezin B-20
1600:
1573:machine guns
1523:OFAB-100-120
1510:Aerial bombs
1443:9K114 Shturm
1134:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1093:
1086:Bibliography
1074:
1068:
1049:
1043:
1035:George Chinn
1030:
1016:
1008:
992:
983:
974:
969:Chinn, p. 79
965:
960:Chinn, p. 73
948:Chinn, p. 72
936:Chinn, p. 80
932:
907:
899:
873:
780:Soviet Union
752:
693:
671:Rate of fire
643:
637:angular mils
626:
618:
597:1935 — 3,566
594:1934 — 2,476
586:
579:
559:
556:
539:
527:
523:
512:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
469:
465:
462:
459:
452:
440:gas-operated
437:
408:World War II
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
366:
323:synchronized
258: length
150:World War II
135:
130:Used by
120:Soviet Union
65:
56:
37:
1606:Savin–Norov
1568:Autocannons
1453:9K121 Vikhr
1448:9M120 Ataka
1433:9M17 Fleyta
1192:and former
830:machine gun
755:Mauser 213C
722:(9.6 grams)
582:Scarff ring
515:Ian V. Hogg
444:machine gun
438:ShKAS is a
434:Description
400:machine gun
383:viatsionny
360:Iron sights
214: built
111:machine gun
51:introducing
1830:Categories
1633:Berezin UB
1212:Air-to-air
860:References
729:(24 grams)
660:7.62×54mmR
483:Korean War
379:omaritski
321:1650 RPM (
281:7.62×54mmR
34:references
1643:YakB-12.7
1611:GShG-7.62
1475:RS-82/132
1428:3M6 Shmel
1420:Anti-tank
1343:Anti-ship
1125:Harvest.
1009:Bratishka
656:Cartridge
485:, reads:
442:aircraft
276:Cartridge
206:1933–1945
109:Aircraft
59:June 2013
1745:GSh-6-30
1740:GSh-30-2
1735:GSh-30-1
1714:GSh-6-23
1558:FAB-9000
1538:FAB-5000
1203:Missiles
1001:Archived
812:See also
700:Cyrillic
545:Variants
534:Berthier
430:cannon.
420:fighters
393:Russian:
375:pitalny-
350:Belt-fed
217:~150,000
203:Produced
195:Designed
174:Designer
1629:12.7 mm
1620:12.7 mm
1587:SIBEMAS
1581:7.62 mm
1533:FAB-500
1528:FAB-250
1467:Rockets
1190:Russian
828:SIBEMAS
665:Calibre
448:chamber
424:bombers
292:7.62 mm
288:Caliber
47:improve
1709:GSh-23
1684:VYa-23
1347:cruise
1194:Soviet
1129:
1100:
1056:
1011:2012/1
920:
803:
777:
727:grains
720:grains
683:Weight
404:Soviet
356:Sights
298:Action
256:Barrel
241:Length
36:, but
1801:57 mm
1792:NS-45
1785:45 mm
1771:NS-37
1766:Sh-37
1759:37 mm
1730:NR-30
1723:30 mm
1699:AM-23
1694:NR-23
1689:NS-23
1677:23 mm
1664:20 mm
1662:ShVAK
1652:20 mm
1627:ShVAK
1601:ShKAS
1410:Kh-90
1405:Kh-45
1400:Kh-35
1395:Kh-31
1390:Kh-15
1385:Kh-55
1380:KSR-5
1375:KSR-2
1370:Kh-22
1365:Kh-20
1360:K-10S
1328:Kh-59
1323:Kh-58
1318:Kh-45
1313:Kh-29
1308:Kh-28
1303:Kh-25
1298:Kh-23
865:Notes
765:Users
708:brass
530:Maxim
428:ShVAK
369:ShKAS
136:Users
1776:N-37
1750:2A42
1704:R-23
1658:Sh-3
1591:PV-1
1548:PTAB
1543:RRAB
1500:S-25
1495:S-24
1490:S-13
1355:KS-1
1333:LMUR
1280:R-37
1275:R-77
1270:R-73
1265:R-27
1260:R-33
1255:R-60
1250:R-23
1245:R-40
1235:R-38
1127:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1054:ISBN
918:ISBN
645:it!!
521:".)
455:belt
422:and
414:and
367:The
227:Mass
198:1932
143:Wars
133:See
106:Type
1518:FAB
1485:S-8
1480:S-5
1240:R-4
1230:R-8
1225:R-3
1220:K-5
1133:) (
914:279
631:or
303:Gas
212:No.
1832::
1596:DA
1345:,
1038:44
1007:,
953:^
941:^
916:.
887:^
658::
457:.
391:;
373:Sh
1570:,
1182:e
1175:t
1168:v
1137:)
1111:)
1104:.
1062:.
1024:.
926:.
704:Ш
513:(
509:.
385:S
381:A
377:K
371:(
325:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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