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services among other things. The Signal Corps also trained personnel and signal units for service with forces in the field. The evolution and activities of the Signal
Intelligence Service before and during World War II is discussed in detail in Chapter XI, "Signal, Security, Intelligence," (pp. 327–350) in The Signal Corps: the Outcome, an official history of the Signal Corps.
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for most of World War II. At that time the Signal Corps was a bureau in the
Headquarters, Department of the Army, in addition to being a branch of the Army to which personnel were commissioned or appointed. The Signal Corps supplied the Army with communications and photography equipment and
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Chapters 2 and 3 (pp. 4–25) in Army Field Manual FM 11-35, 1942, describe the organization of the Signal
Intelligence Service in the War Department and in the forces in the field and the functions performed by SIS units. That manual was marked "RESTRICTED" when it was issued.
235:" to the project. Although the United States had become allies with the Soviet Union in 1941, many officials were suspicious of the communist government and society. By 1945, some 200,000 messages had been transcribed, a measure of Soviet activity.
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had been developed and research continued. The Venona project was so highly classified, however, that the government never introduced evidence from these messages into court proceedings in prosecution of alleged espionage agents.
201:. The unit she worked in, largely staffed and led by women, produced a flow of intercepts from the "2468" shipping code system that resulted in the sinking of two-thirds of the Japanese merchant marine.
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The organization grew rapidly and organized efforts were made to recruit bright women. By the end of the war, most of the SIS staff, some 7,000 out of a total 10,500, were female.
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118:'s code systems. The SIS initially worked on an extremely limited budget, lacking the equipment it needed so that the analysts could intercept messages to practice decrypting.
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division through World War II. It was founded in 1930 to compile codes for the Army. It was renamed the Signal
Security Agency in 1943, and in September 1945, became the
106:. Before this, all three had been mathematics teachers and none had a cryptanalysis background. Friedman was a geneticist who developed his expertise in cryptology at
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The Army intercept network during WWII had six fixed stations, which concentrated on
Japanese military signals and Axis diplomatic traffic.
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Edited by James L. Gilbert and John P. Finnegan, Center of
Military History, United States Army. Washington, D. C., 1993. 265 pp.
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Thompson, George R. and Harris, Dixie R., The Signal Corps: The
Outcome. Washington: Center of Military History, 1966
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made the first break into the Venona code. Decrypted messages revealed the existence of Soviet espionage at the
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William F. Friedman, "A Brief
History of the Signal Intelligence Service," 29 June 1942, SRH 029, CCH Files.
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Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to
Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939–1945
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219:, in 1943, the Army Signal Intelligence Service (later the Army Security Agency) began intercepting
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On 20 December 1946, after the war and at a time of increasing US tensions with the Soviet Union,
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114:. Besides breaking foreign codes, they were responsible for just about anything to do with the
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Anon. "Centralized
Control of U.S. Army Signal Intelligence Activities," SRH-276, CCH Files.
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578:, Series IV, Volume 9. Center cryptologie history. National Security Agence. 2004. 174 pp.
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51:(former campus of Arlington Hall Junior College for Women), on Arlington Boulevard in
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began the division with three "junior cryptanalysts" in April 1930. Their names were
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Code Girls: The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II
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110:'s Riverbank Laboratories Cipher Department during 1915 to 1917, prior to
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U.S. Army Signals intelligence in World War II. A documentary history.
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Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II
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Anon., "The Second Signal Service Battalion," SRH-135, CCH Files.
513:, National Security Agency/Central Security Service. Nsa.gov.
67:, and its resources were reassigned to the newly established
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364:, NSA Center for Cryptologic History, accessed 4 April 2019
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Codebreaking division of the United States Army during WW2
197:, started her career there and was a prolific breaker of
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Anon., "Memorandum" re O.C.S.O Conference, 19 July 1929.
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FM 11-35, Signal Corps Intelligence, 2 September 1942
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U.S. Army Signals Intelligence Service personnel at
79:The Signal Intelligence Service was a part of the
19:For the Swedish Signals Intelligence Service, see
511:Pearl Harbor Review. Signal Intelligence Service
193:, who would later become Deputy Director of the
612:United States Army Signals Intelligence Service
63:. During World War II, it became known as the
47:. For most of the war it was headquartered at
21:National Defence Radio Establishment (Sweden)
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518:Weisberger "Eavesdropping on the Rising Sun"
463:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBudiansky2000 (
597:Defunct United States intelligence agencies
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227:) intelligence traffic sent mainly from
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479:"History of Training Center Petaluma"
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607:Signals intelligence of World War II
438:. New York, Boston: Hachette Books.
338:National Defence Radio Establishment
420:"Eavesdropping on the Rising Sun,"
333:United States Coast Guard Unit 387
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397:"Cryptologic Almanac – NSA/CSS"
231:; they assigned the code name "
617:American women in World War II
244:Los Alamos National Laboratory
69:National Security Agency (NSA)
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533:, Free Press, 2000. стр.357
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30:Signal Intelligence Service
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592:Cryptography organizations
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602:National Security Agency
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483:Force Readiness Command
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246:work on the top-secret
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183:(junior cryptanalyst)
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171:(junior cryptanalyst)
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81:U.S. Army Signal Corps
418:Bernard A. Weisberger
297:, Territory of Hawaii
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527:Budiansky, Stephen,
434:Mundy, Liza (2017).
323:Signals intelligence
290:Petaluma, California
65:Army Security Agency
45:Army Security Agency
284:Warrenton, Virginia
199:Japanese army codes
53:Arlington, Virginia
572:Robert J. Hanyok.
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165:(head of the SIS)
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38:United States Army
539:978-0-684-85932-3
522:American Heritage
445:978-0-316-35253-6
422:American Heritage
301:Fairbanks, Alaska
259:Intercept network
248:Manhattan Project
209:Ann Z. Caracristi
191:Ann Z. Caracristi
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112:World War I
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349:References
36:) was the
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271:(c. 1943)
317:See also
328:OP-20-G
225:Russian
75:History
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233:Venona
221:Soviet
102:, and
59:from
563:ISBN
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405:2014
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