638:
The death of Shapur's son did not facilitate an amicable settlement of the conflict, and the war dragged on for several years. Shapur, notwithstanding the extent of his victory, proved unable to utilize the event to any further advantage. Two years later, he became bogged down in another siege of
591:. It is the only one of the nine pitched battles recorded to have been fought in a war of over twenty years, marked primarily by indecisive siege warfare, of which any details have been preserved. Although the Persian forces prevailed on the battlefield, both sides suffered heavy casualties.
913:Å Äpur II laid siege to Nisibis three times, and there was constant warfare, which did not go in favor of either side. The Roman defensive system of fortresses and limes hindered Å Äpur's campaign in the region, but some forts, such as the town of Bezabde near Nisibis, fell to him.
607:
in 309 (at the time an unborn infant), came of age and took in hand the administration of his kingdom, he dedicated himself to a lifelong mission of restoring his country's military power, and avenging its recent defeats by the Romans and
Saracens. After thoroughly subduing the
612:
rebellion in the south, he directed his attention towards Rome, his main enemy, in 337. The sacking of a
Sasanian city and the deportation of its population may have led to the intervention of Shapur II. He began by recapturing
629:
The Roman troops initially retreated and broke into the
Persian camp. They inflicted heavy casualties including Shapur's son Prince Narseh. However, the Persians counter-attacked and drove the Romans away with heavy losses.
184:
857:
Until the death of
Constantine in 337, there was relative peace with the Romans, but the conversion of Armenia to Christianity and the Roman rulers' backing of Armenia caused Å Äpur II to begin a campaign against
813:
Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon
Stephen; Gadd, Cyril John; Bowman, Alan; Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey LempriĆØre; Garnsey, Peter; Walbank, Frank William; Cameron, Averil; Astin, A. E. (2005-09-08).
279:
313:
177:
994:
The encroachment of the nomadic tribes in
Central Asia forced Å Äpur II to turn his attention to the East (Chronicle of Arbela, p. 85), and the war with Rome ended in stalemate by 350.
170:
272:
1018:
1028:
265:
1023:
559:
554:
318:
529:
355:
389:
815:
384:
345:
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963:
936:
881:
825:
668:
461:
194:
46:
1043:
656:
340:
238:
651:, who was successful but died during the campaign. After his death, the Roman army suffered a decisive defeat. His successor,
1048:
1013:
614:
953:
692:
The battle of
Singara was technically a Roman victory because they held the field of battle, but Roman casualties made it a
483:
800:
788:
350:
926:
647:
in the far east. The war resumed in 359 CE, but ended with no conclusive result. In 363 it was taken up energetically by
1038:
871:
323:
522:
431:
621:
in the following year, however, the Roman defensive lines resisted and the
Persian forces made limited progress.
498:
446:
365:
360:
333:
377:
302:
1063:
508:
451:
370:
208:
289:
476:
456:
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233:
223:
218:
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31:
493:
421:
328:
673:
471:
228:
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488:
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643:, but was then obliged to break off the war to meet the threat of nomadic barbarian invasions in
959:
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721:
515:
503:
409:
404:
308:
748:
652:
648:
580:
436:
120:
803:"344 (summer) Both Romans and Persians suffered heavy casualties at the battle of Singara."
791:"344 (summer) Both Romans and Persians suffered heavy casualties at the battle of Singara."
693:
604:
98:
618:
584:
539:
129:
17:
1007:
399:
1053:
928:
The Roman
Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226-363): A Documentary History
576:
103:
979:
898:
842:
716:
Dmitriev, Vladimir (2015-03-21). "The 'Night Battle' of
Singara: Whose Victory?".
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73:
162:
600:
549:
115:
955:
Roman Empire at War: A Compendium of Roman Battles from 31 B.C. to A.D. 565
817:
The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337
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801:
From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views: A Source History
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From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views: A Source History
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609:
69:
257:
752:
261:
166:
739:
Barnes, T. D. (1980). "Imperial Chronology, A. D. 337-350".
30:"Siege of Singara" redirects here. Not to be confused with
873:
The Nisibis War: The Defence of the Roman East AD 337-363
772:
770:
655:, was forced to cede extensive Roman territory in the
617:. and then advanced in his first campaign against
659:, and thus Shapur's ambitions were accomplished.
583:forces. The Romans were led in person by Emperor
925:Dodgeon, Michael H.; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (1994).
39:
273:
178:
8:
820:. Cambridge University Press. p. 471.
280:
266:
258:
185:
171:
163:
36:
587:, while the Persian army was led by King
708:
685:
27:Battle between Roman and Persian forces
776:
1029:Battles involving the Sasanian Empire
7:
603:, who ascended to the throne of the
1024:Battles involving the Roman Empire
1019:Battles of the RomanāSasanian Wars
980:"Å ÄPUR II ā Encyclopaedia Iranica"
899:"Å ÄPUR II ā Encyclopaedia Iranica"
843:"Å ÄPUR II ā Encyclopaedia Iranica"
25:
931:. Psychology Press. p. 188.
84:Sasanian victory or Roman victory
952:Taylor, Donathan (2016-09-19).
958:. Pen and Sword. p. 166.
1:
876:. Pen and Sword. p. 78.
390:Campaign of Severus Alexander
870:Harrel, John (2016-02-29).
669:Perso-Roman wars of 337ā361
484:Julian's Persian expedition
462:Perso-Roman wars of 337ā361
196:Perso-Roman wars of 337ā361
47:Perso-Roman wars of 337ā361
1080:
575:was fought in 344 between
351:Trajan's Parthian campaign
319:PompeianāParthian invasion
29:
366:Parthian war of Caracalla
314:Caesar's planned invasion
299:
204:
148:
135:
109:
92:
52:
44:
1034:340s in the Roman Empire
523:ByzantineāSasanian wars
356:Lucius Verus' campaigns
1044:History of Mesopotamia
341:Mark Antony's campaign
110:Commanders and leaders
32:Siege of Singara (360)
18:Siege of Singara (344)
1049:Constantinian dynasty
1014:4th-century conflicts
984:www.iranicaonline.org
903:www.iranicaonline.org
847:www.iranicaonline.org
720:. Rochester, NY: 68.
634:Outcome and aftermath
346:Armenian War of 58ā63
149:Casualties and losses
1039:4th century in Iran
747:(2 (Summer)): 163.
589:Shapur II of Persia
378:RomanāSasanian wars
303:RomanāParthian Wars
144:Unknown, but larger
119:Prince Narseh
897:electricpulp.com.
841:electricpulp.com.
291:RomanāPersian Wars
573:Battle of Singara
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40:Battle of Singara
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432:Dura-Europos
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122:
104:Roman Empire
93:Belligerents
45:Part of the
777:Harrel 2016
545:Iberian War
477:2nd Singara
467:1st Singara
422:Barbalissos
385:Mesopotamia
334:Mt Gindarus
329:Amanus Pass
244:2nd Bezabde
239:1st Bezabde
234:2nd Singara
224:3rd Nisibis
219:2nd Nisibis
214:1st Singara
209:1st Nisibis
74:Mesopotamia
1008:Categories
989:2019-06-20
908:2018-11-07
852:2018-11-07
704:References
595:Background
535:War of 440
489:Pirisabora
1059:Shapur II
601:Shapur II
550:Lazic War
516:Bagrevand
499:Ctesiphon
116:Shapur II
663:See also
645:Sogdiana
136:Strength
65:Location
761:1087874
741:Phoenix
726:2648954
641:Nisibis
615:Armenia
509:Samarra
504:Maranga
427:Antioch
410:Misiche
405:Resaena
371:Nisibis
309:Carrhae
141:Unknown
123:†
70:Singara
962:
935:
880:
824:
759:
724:
653:Jovian
649:Julian
625:Battle
457:Satala
437:Edessa
81:Result
60:344 CE
858:them.
757:JSTOR
680:Notes
599:When
577:Roman
472:Amida
400:Hatra
229:Amida
157:Heavy
154:Heavy
960:ISBN
933:ISBN
878:ISBN
822:ISBN
722:SSRN
579:and
571:The
57:Date
1054:344
749:doi
1010::
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845:.
769:^
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745:34
743:.
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696:.
281:e
274:t
267:v
186:e
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34:.
20:)
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