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patience and nothing else and I am amazed at my own patience". Their second meeting proved no more fruitful than the first, Jinnah sensed by this time the futility of the talks. Then there was a session of written correspondence on 11, 12, 13 and 14 September, and on 24, 25 and 26 September 1944, but nothing came out of it. Gandhi by now believed that "Jinnah was a good person but he suffers hallucination when he imagines the unnatural division of India and creation of
Pakistan". Wavell wired to Amery: "Gandhi wants independence first and then is willing to resolve communal problem afterwards as he is profoundly a Hindu and wants transfer of full power to some nebulous national, while Jinnah wants to settle the communal problem first and then wants independence as he has lost his trust in Congress and Hindus." Wavell viewed this mini-summit breakdown as a personal challenge to bring together the two parties. He had plans in mind and was willing to use his influence and power to settle the communal deadlock. He would try to bring some moderate Indian leaders to a settlement by calling them to
415:' predominantly Hindu character and at that point there was a tug of war which had to be quieted down by Wavell. On the morning of 29 June the conference was reconvened and Wavell asked parties to submit a list of candidates for his new council, Azad agreed while Jinnah refused to submit a list before consulting the Muslim League's working committee. The conference was adjourned till 14 July, meanwhile Wavell met with Jinnah on 8 July and tried to convince him as Jinnah was determined to nominate all the proposed Muslim members from the Muslim League as he considered the Congress' Muslim representatives to be "show boys". Wavell gave him a letter that was placed in front of the Muslim League's Working Committee on 9 July. Jinnah replied after careful consideration of the Working Committee: "I regret to inform you that you have failed to give assurance relating to the nomination of all Muslim members from Muslim League's platform so we are not able to submit a list." The Viceroy was equally resolved not to give at that point and wired to
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right to be the sole representative of
Muslims of India was acknowledged. Wavell found this demand impossible thus half an hour later he told Gandhi about his failure, Gandhi took the news calmly and said: "His Majesty King George will sooner or later have to take the Hindu or Muslim point of view as they were irreconcilable." Thus the Wavell plan that was later to be called the Simla Conference failed in its objective and set the trend for the immediate topics that would dominate discourse until Indian independence.
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would not be able to see Wavell until March 1945, Wavell on his own behalf met with Jinnah on 6 December, and tried to convince him to live in a united India as that would be much more beneficial for all because it would be a stronger nation at an international level. Jinnah argued that "Indian unity was only a
British creation". Bengal's governor
260:. Before assuming the vice royalty, Lord Wavell had been head of the Indian army and thus had an understanding of the Indian situation. On becoming Viceroy, Wavell’s most important task was to present a formula for the future government of India which would be acceptable to both the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League.
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deadlock was broken down. "India needs a surgical operation", Nehru noted after considering Wavell's idea, "We have to get rid of our preoccupation with a petty problem" as he considered the demand for
Pakistan a petty problem. Jinnah accepted the invitation but only if he could meet with Wavell alone first on 24 June.
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In May 1945 Wavell visited London and discussed his ideas with the
British Government. These London talks resulted in the formulation of a definite plan of action which was officially made public simultaneously on 14 June 1945 by L.S. Amery, the Secretary of State for India, in the House of Commons
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members and start the talks that would later be called the Simla
Conference. Wavell decided to call all key leaders of India in Simla on 25 June 1945 and broadcast a message to all Indians on 14 June 1945 showing British willingness to give India dominion status as soon as possible if the communal
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was the only
Christian thus bringing the total to sixteen including the Viceroy and Commander-in-Chief. Amery asked Wavell to consult this list with Jinnah, when Jinnah was asked about the Muslim names he adamantly refused to allow any League member to be part of the government until the League's
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idea, by the way they treated the
Muslims especially by refusing to allow them into the coalition provincial governments." Wavell agreed with everything Casey said about Pakistan, writing in his reply: "I do not believe that Pakistan will work." Churchill chaired his war cabinet that reviewed and
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After correspondence with Amery in
October, Wavell decided to write to Churchill directly and he tried to convince Churchill in this regard though he was sure that Churchill was reluctant to hold or attend any summit as "he hated India and anything to do with it". Churchill informed Amery that he
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The Wavell Plan, in essence, proposed the complete "Indianisation" of the
Executive Council, but instead of asking all the parties to nominate members to the Executive Council from all the communities, seats were reserved for members on the basis of religion and caste, with the caste Hindus and
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presented a formula before that meeting accepting the Muslim right for a separate homeland. The talks began on 9 September 1944 at Jinnah's residence in Malabar Hill, Bombay where both leaders spent three and a half hours of secret discussion but Gandhi later with C. R. called it a "test of my
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On 14 June 1945 Lord Wavell announced a plan for a new Executive Council in which all members except the Viceroy and the Commander in Chief would be Indians. This executive council was to be a temporary measure until a new permanent constitution could be agreed upon and come into force. All
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While the plan proposed immediate changes to the composition of the Executive Council it did not contain any guarantee of Indian independence, nor did it contain any mention of a future constituent assembly or any proposals for the division of power between the various parties of India.
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the secretary of state for India convinced Churchill to release Gandhi on medical grounds, so he was released. After his release, Gandhi managed to recover. Upon hearing of this Churchill is said to have sent Wavell a peevish telegram asking ''why Gandhi has not died yet?''
210:, the dominant party in the talks, appointed Muslim representatives. This scuttled the conference, and perhaps the last viable opportunity for a united, independent India. When the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League reconvened under the
332:) continued to lead there was little chance of any political advance. Lord Wavell had a plan in mind and was eager to invite key leaders to a summit, but he was waiting for something to come out of the Gandhi-Jinnah meetings rescheduled on 9 September.
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the immediate unconditional release of Gandhi. Churchill wrote back to Linlithgow, "it seems almost certain that the old rascal will emerge all better for his so-called fast.'' Gandhi broke his fast on 3 March 1943. Gandhi suffered from
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he commenced after the early morning breakfast on 10 February 1943 a fast for 21 days. Weighing 109 pounds when he began, Gandhi lost eighteen pounds after his 22-day fast. Fearing the death of Gandhi in prison as before him
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Communal division was the greatest hurdle in the path of any political progress in India, so Wavell also began to agree with Amery's conviction that until the "Aged Trinity" (Gandhi, Churchill and
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6. The Viceroy would convene a meeting of Indian politicians including the leaders of Congress and the Muslim League at which they would nominate members of the new Council.
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Simla Conference: Left to Right: Lord Wavell (Viceroy of India), Tara Singh, Mr Jinnah, Hussain Imam, Pandit Shukla (CM C.P.), Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah (CM Sindh)
341:(India's summer capital). His list included as he told to Amery, "Gandhi and one "other" of the Congress party, Jinnah and one other member of the Muslim League, Dr.
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7. If this plan were to be approved for the central government, then similar councils of local political leaders would be formed in all the provinces.
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4. An Indian would be appointed as the member for Foreign Affairs in the Council and a British commissioner would be responsible for trade matters.
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the next year, the Indian National Congress was far less sympathetic to the Muslim League's requests despite Jinnah's approval of the British plan.
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8. None of the changes suggested would in any way prejudice or prejudge the essential form of the future permanent Constitution of India.
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was well informed about Congress-League relations and he wrote to Wavell saying: "Congress is basically responsible for the growth of the
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rejected Wavell's proposal for constitutional reforms in India on 18 December. But Wavell was invited to visit England, and met with
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and by Wavell in a broadcast speech delivered from Delhi. The plan, commonly known as the Wavell Plan, proposed the following:
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to assess their approach. He noted in his diary, "Gandhi & Jinnah are behaving like very temperamental prima donnas".
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to power. The Labour party wanted to transfer power to the Indians as quickly as possible. The new government sent the
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who had followed Wavell in his Middle Eastern command was to be the next Commander in Chief of the Indian army after
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To discuss these proposals with Indian leaders, Wavell summoned them to a conference in Simla on 25 June 1945.
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This article is about the 1945 Indian self a government meeting. For the 1972 India Pakistan peace treaty, see
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being president of Congress spoke of its "non-communal" character. Jinnah responded to this by speaking of
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proposed Field Marshal Wavell's name to his cabinet in mid-June 1943, as India's next Viceroy. General Sir
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5. The defense of India would remain in British hands until power was ultimately transferred to Indians.
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claimed to be the sole representative of Indian Muslims, and refused to back any plan in which the
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at that night his own list of new council members. Four were to be Muslim League members (
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and Cabinet in May 1945. Wavell was allowed to fly back to India in June 1945 to release
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2. In the Council there would be equal representation of high-caste Hindus and Muslims.
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would be immediately reconstituted and the number of its members would be increased.
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to India and this proved to be the final nail in the coffin of the Wavell Plan.
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613:(15th ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press. pp. 242–245.
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officially opened the summit at 11:00 am on 25 June 1945. In the beginning
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Talks stalled on the issue of the selection of Muslim representatives. The
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had been held in the United Kingdom in July 1945 which had brought the
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1945 meeting convened to formulate the Wavellite Plan in British India
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647:. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press. pp. 79–82.
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Muslims being represented on it on the basis of parity. Even
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portfolios except Defense would be held by Indian members.
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for labor representation, and some other to represent Non-
25:. For the 1914 Tibetans British a Chinese convention, see
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One day before the conference was convened on 24 June,
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in August 1942, after which he was arrested with other
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499:3. All the members of the Council, except the
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463:was to represent the Sikhs and
51:needs additional citations for
2123:British Empire in World War II
576:"India: Simla Conference 1945"
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584:. 9 July 1945. Archived from
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1014:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
696:Indian independence movement
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1310:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
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1658:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
1215:Indian Independence League
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927:Partition of Bengal (1905)
376:Congress Working Committee
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1633:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
1330:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
1210:Indian Home Rule movement
1049:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
989:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
643:Wolpert, Stanley (2012).
2072:Indian annexation of Goa
1918:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1430:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1200:Indian National Congress
999:Non-cooperation movement
349:to represent the Sikhs,
256:with Lord Wavell as the
208:Indian National Congress
2077:Indian Independence Act
1663:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1638:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
1608:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
1345:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
1325:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1165:All-India Muslim League
1119:Royal Air Force strikes
1084:Round table conferences
1074:Chittagong armoury raid
964:Hindu–German Conspiracy
947:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
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204:All-India Muslim League
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1768:Purushottam Das Tandon
1139:Praja Mandala movement
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1613:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1558:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
1390:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1350:Mahadev Govind Ranade
1160:All India Kisan Sabha
1124:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
1024:Qissa Khwani massacre
1009:Coolie-Begar movement
824:Second Anglo-Sikh War
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171:Simla Conference 1945
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1064:Dharasana Satyagraha
969:Champaran Satyagraha
819:First Anglo-Sikh War
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1843:Subhas Chandra Bose
1728:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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1598:Dayananda Saraswati
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857:and ideologies
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465:B. R. Ambedkar
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1385:Ram Mohan Roy
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1365:Narayana Guru
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1153:Organisations
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1114:Bombay Mutiny
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1110:
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1099:Indian Legion
1097:
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1039:1928 Protests
1037:
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984:Rowlatt Bills
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549:
546:Meanwhile, a
541:
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363:Richard Casey
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315:
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305:Mahadev Desai
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297:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
271:launched the
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189:British India
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91:
87:
84:
80:
77: –
76:
72:
71:Find sources:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:This article
47:
43:
38:
37:
32:
28:
24:
16:
2091:
2062:Constitution
2050:Independence
1937:
1908:Vanchinathan
1538:Bhagat Singh
1493:Annie Besant
1454:Independence
1435:Vinoba Bhave
1244:
1240:Swaraj Party
1144:Lucknow Pact
1054:Purna Swaraj
1044:Nehru Report
951:
855:Philosophies
843:
809:Polygar Wars
737:French India
722:Dutch Bengal
712:Colonisation
644:
610:
586:the original
579:
570:
552:Labour Party
545:
536:
528:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
498:
495:
488:
484:
386:
359:
327:
295:
267:
233:
216:
201:
176:
174:
156:Maulana Azad
122:
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
15:
2006:Mountbatten
1628:Hemu Kalani
1508:Bagha Jatin
1445:Vivekananda
1205:India House
1089:Act of 1935
864:Ambedkarism
732:British Raj
476:Wavell Plan
469:John Mathai
433:Eassak Sait
405:Lord Wavell
250:Lord Wavell
242:war cabinet
230:Lord Wavell
185:Lord Wavell
2107:Categories
2036:Linlithgow
1976:Chelmsford
1966:Cornwallis
1878:Tatya Tope
1748:Nana Saheb
1653:K. Kamaraj
1603:Dhan Singh
1518:Bakht Khan
1175:Arya Samaj
1109:Quit India
1059:Salt March
918:Events and
894:Satyagraha
562:References
461:Tara Singh
347:Tara Singh
293:Satyagraha
264:Background
86:newspapers
2011:Wellesley
1996:Dalhousie
1858:Surya Sen
1753:P. Kakkan
1713:Mir Qasim
1688:M. N. Roy
1623:Har Dayal
1456:activists
1285:Baba Amte
1275:Ayyankali
1258:reformers
1180:Azad Hind
920:movements
899:Socialism
525:Criticism
457:B. N. Rau
391:met with
372:Churchill
351:M. N. Roy
322:Leo Amery
309:Churchill
2041:Hastings
2001:Bentinck
1225:Jugantar
869:Gandhism
609:(2013).
413:Congress
367:Pakistan
355:Congress
343:Ambedkar
301:Kasturba
277:Congress
1961:Canning
1380:Periyar
1034:Bardoli
802:Gwalior
704:History
542:Failure
501:Viceroy
481:Details
383:Details
314:malaria
191:at the
100:scholar
2128:Shimla
2031:Cripps
2026:Outram
2016:Lytton
1981:Curzon
1956:Wavell
1256:Social
909:Swaraj
792:Second
777:Fourth
767:Second
651:
617:
401:Jinnah
397:Gandhi
389:Wavell
330:Jinnah
269:Gandhi
148:Jinnah
102:
95:
88:
81:
73:
2021:Clive
1991:Minto
1986:Ripon
1971:Irwin
1405:Shahu
797:Third
787:First
772:Third
762:First
417:Amery
339:Simla
285:Patel
281:Nehru
197:Simla
107:JSTOR
93:books
1939:more
1246:more
845:more
649:ISBN
615:ISBN
581:Time
431:and
409:Azad
399:and
283:and
175:The
154:and
79:news
296:'',
195:in
62:by
2109::
629:^
594:^
578:.
459:.
455:,
451:,
447:,
443:,
427:,
423:,
395:,
183:,
150:,
146:,
688:e
681:t
674:v
657:.
623:.
129:)
123:(
118:)
114:(
104:·
97:·
90:·
83:·
56:.
33:.
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