49:
1610:
In some cases, in addition to the collective and singulative forms, a third form, called the "plurative" in the terminology of some scholars, is distinguished from the collective. The collective form, in these cases, denotes multiple items as a class while the plurative denotes them as individuals.
1675:
Joseph H. Greenberg. "Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements". In: Joseph H. Greenberg (ed.). 1963. Universals of
Language. London: MIT Press, pp. 73-113. Via
1312:, which are basically of singular–plural system, the singular suffix -ин- ('-in-', Russian, '-yn-', Ukrainian), resp. '-ін-' ('-in-', Belarusian) performs the singulative function for collective nouns.
925:→ 'strawberries'. However, the Welsh collective also has a sense of a homogenous whole which the English plural cannot convey; compare the English 'foliage' vs. 'leaves'.
1450:
Notice the affix '-a' in all these examples, which indicates the feminine form. Notice also that plural forms may be derived from these singulatives in a regular way:
670:
1611:
Compare, for example, "people" in "People are funny" with "people" in "the people in this room", though in
English the same plural form is used for both purposes.
1602:
process of forming singulative nouns (just phrases such as "a grain of rice"). Therefore, English cannot be said to have singulative number.
1747:
1677:
832:(for feminine nouns). Most nouns which inflect according to this system designate objects that are frequently found in groups, for example
663:
743:
66:
746:#35 states that no language is purely singulative-collective in the sense that plural is always the null morpheme and singular is not.
1782:
1720:
132:
113:
1429:
656:
85:
696:
70:
1351:
92:
1706:
1804:
1598:
such as "rice", which in fact refers to a collection of items which are logically countable. However, English has no
632:
367:
99:
1599:
736:
In some cases, a further distinction is made between the collective and what is known in some terminologies as the
1410:
417:
304:
284:
1390:
1195:
In some cases, the singulative has a further plural indicating a collection of the singular units, which may be
733:
pattern, where a noun is unmarked when it represents one item, and is marked to represent more than one item.
500:
443:
438:
256:
204:
81:
762:
has two systems of grammatical number, singular–plural and collective–singulative. Since the loss of the noun
1809:
1737:
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1309:
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251:
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740:, the former referencing multiple items as a class, the latter referencing them as individual units.
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1651:
1462:
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715:
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246:
31:
106:
1778:
1743:
1716:
1594:("pig meat", "pork"). The collective form is therefore similar in many respects to an English
1588:, "a pig". It is generally the collective form which is used as an adjectival modifier, e.g.
934:
575:
568:
558:
523:
513:
453:
387:
327:
309:
197:
1694:
938:
767:
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382:
167:
1739:
Constructing
Feminine to Mean: Gender, Number, Numeral, and Quantifier Extensions in Arabic
1473:
563:
432:
394:
234:
216:
192:
187:
35:
919:
When translating the Welsh collective noun into
English the plural is usually used, e.g.
898:
does not exist); these are similar to nouns formed from other categories of words (e.g.
945:
759:
627:
458:
377:
261:
182:
1527:
In Dutch, singulative forms of collective nouns are occasionally made by diminutives:
1798:
1205:
1196:
719:
342:
880:"a tree". Still other nouns use suffixes for both singular and plural forms (e.g.
770:, plurals have become unpredictable and can be formed in several ways: by adding a
592:
427:
241:
209:
177:
1461:
In both East Slavic and Arabic, the singulative form always takes on the feminine
684:
48:
763:
642:
637:
622:
553:
362:
268:
224:
1595:
722:
form of a noun, and the noun is specially marked to indicate a single item.
332:
229:
17:
357:
162:
1656:
1422:
771:
730:
289:
1504:
1485:
1441:
1777:
Cambridge
Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
1766:
Bender, M. Lionel. 1983. "Majang phonology and morphology". In
1383:
1138:
1344:
42:
1787:
Tiersma, Peter Meijes. 1982. "Local and
General Markedness."
1564:
These singulatives can be pluralized like most other nouns:
30:"Collective number" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1715:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
1434:
1415:
1395:
1376:
1356:
1337:
820:"sisters". Other nouns take the singulative suffixes
1296:
1281:
1266:
1246:
1231:
1216:
1181:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1093:
1078:
1061:
1046:
1029:
1014:
1770:, 114–147. East Lansing: Michigan State University.
967:, applies to animals, plants, and inanimate objects
808:"boys", or through a combination of the two, as in
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
954:, "noun of unity". It is formed by the suffixes:
1582:, "pigs", is more basic than the singular form
1641:, plurative, as in "many fish" or "three fish"
1558:{"sweets, candy"} {} {"sweet, piece of candy"}
1468:Singulative markers are found throughout the
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8:
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781:
775:
1736:Fehri, Abdelkader Fassi (15 August 2018).
671:
657:
144:
1425:in mass", e.g. as a crop or as a species
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
1314:
1201:
1106:
984:
725:This is the opposite of the more common
1742:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 9.
1668:
147:
1287:'a soldier, private, or enlisted man'
774:to the end of the word (most commonly
1690:
1688:
1686:
7:
1576:A collective form such as the Welsh
71:adding citations to reliable sources
1568:"several sweets, pieces of candy".
1302:'soldiers, privates, enlisted men'
1291:
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1261:
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1226:
1211:
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1110:
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1625:, collective form, fish in general
933:Singulatives are featured in some
25:
1712:A Grammar of the Arabic language
744:Greenberg's linguistic universal
298:Singulative-Collective-Plurative
47:
58:needs additional citations for
262:Suffixaufnahme (case stacking)
1:
1768:Nilo-Saharan Language Studies
979:, applies to sentient beings
948:, the singulative is called
1773:Corbett, Greville G. 2000.
1435:
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378:Lexical aspect (Aktionsart)
1826:
1635:singulative, a single fish
1572:Comparison with mass nouns
892:"ponies", the unsuffixed *
718:for multiple items is the
714:) are terms used when the
29:
1428:
1409:
1389:
1370:
1350:
1331:
1187:"a black African person"
850:"a bed of strawberries",
826:(for masculine nouns) or
1614:Example: In Arabic, for
904:"charity" gives rise to
838:"birds/flock of birds",
501:Serial verb construction
1551:"sweet, piece of candy"
1172:"black African people"
439:Honorifics (politeness)
1680:. Accessed 2018-08-10.
1590:
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1470:Nilo-Saharan languages
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616:Polypersonal agreement
1521:lice.COL {} louse.SGV
1458:(several peas), etc.
1433:,
1414:,
1394:,
1375:,
1355:,
1336:,
1310:East Slavic languages
252:Genitive construction
1476:, for example, has:
505:Traditional grammar
473:Syntax relationships
149:Grammatical features
82:"Singulative number"
67:improve this article
1295:
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1230:
1215:
1180:
1165:
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1135:
1118:
1092:
1077:
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1045:
1035:"a grain of wheat"
1028:
1013:
996:
792:"fathers", through
423:Comparison (degree)
173:Dative construction
1805:Grammatical number
1652:Grammatical number
1107:
985:
766:system of earlier
716:grammatical number
689:singulative number
373:Grammatical aspect
32:Collective numeral
27:Grammatical number
1749:978-1-4985-7456-3
1511:(Bender 1983:124)
1448:
1447:
1306:
1305:
1272:'army, military'
1191:
1190:
1103:
1102:
693:collective number
681:
680:
576:Topic and Comment
559:Thematic relation
454:Reflexive pronoun
368:Tense–aspect–mood
328:Associated motion
310:Universal grinder
143:
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117:
16:(Redirected from
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1681:
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1506:
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1413:
1401:"grain of sand"
1399:
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961:
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924:
915:
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903:
897:
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885:
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861:
856:"a strawberry";
855:
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407:General features
322:Related to verbs
157:Related to nouns
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1707:Wright, William
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1678:Wayback Machine
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1665:
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1608:
1574:
1562:
1555:snoep → snoepje
1553:
1545:
1537:
1535:"sweets, candy"
1525:
1518:ŋɛɛti → ŋɛɛti-n
1516:
1508:
1497:
1489:
1439:
1420:
1400:
1381:
1362:"a single pea"
1361:
1342:
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1251:
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1221:
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1192:
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929:Other languages
910:"a beggar" and
868:"a child"; and
794:vowel affection
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752:
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466:
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435:(verbal number)
433:Pluractionality
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323:
315:
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235:Collective noun
217:Construct state
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122:
119:
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74:
64:
52:
39:
36:Collective noun
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23:
22:
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12:
11:
5:
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1812:
1810:Welsh language
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1407:
1403:
1402:
1387:
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1363:
1348:
1329:
1325:
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1321:
1318:
1304:
1303:
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1273:
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1208:
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946:Arabic grammar
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628:Empty category
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183:Quirky subject
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1822:
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1808:
1806:
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1802:
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1791:58.4: 832-849
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1783:0-521-33845-X
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1359:
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1311:
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1289:
1284:
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1255:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1209:
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1203:
1200:
1198:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1141:
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1121:
1120:
1117:
1096:
1086:
1081:
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1064:
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1049:
1039:
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1032:
1022:
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1007:
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998:
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969:
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947:
942:
940:
936:
928:
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923:
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902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
814:"sister" and
812:
806:
800:
795:
790:
786:"father" and
784:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
754:
749:
747:
745:
741:
739:
734:
732:
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711:
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669:
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651:
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639:
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634:
633:Incorporation
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221:Countability
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84: –
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1671:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1483:
1480:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1440:"one potato
1323:singulative
1307:
1237:'a soldier'
1199:or regular.
1194:
1125:singulative
1115:
1003:singulative
993:
976:
964:
943:
932:
918:
916:"beggars").
862:"children",
758:
742:
737:
735:
724:
709:
701:
692:
688:
682:
593:Veridicality
484:Transitivity
428:Egophoricity
297:
242:Definiteness
210:Measure word
198:Instrumental
178:Dative shift
129:
123:October 2017
120:
110:
103:
96:
89:
77:
65:Please help
60:verification
57:
40:
1406:Belarusian
1320:collective
1252:'soldiers'
1122:collective
1000:collective
941:languages.
697:abbreviated
685:linguistics
529:Predicative
449:Reciprocity
418:Boundedness
338:Conjugation
305:Specificity
18:Singulative
1799:Categories
1663:References
1629:samak-a(t)
1618:, "fish":
1600:productive
1367:Ukrainian
1298:`askarīyūn
1063:shajara(t)
951:اسم الوحدة
886:"a pony",
874:"forest",
802:"boy" and
764:inflection
643:Markedness
638:Inflection
623:Declension
554:Mirativity
363:Mirativity
269:Noun class
257:Possession
225:Count noun
205:Classifier
193:Comitative
188:Nominative
93:newspapers
1606:Plurative
1596:mass noun
1456:goroshiny
1452:goroshina
1358:goroshina
1347:in mass"
1095:baqara(t)
1084:"cattle"
1067:"a tree"
913:cardotwyr
817:chwiorydd
780:), as in
738:plurative
611:Agreement
605:Phenomena
543:Semantics
509:Predicate
496:Branching
333:Clusivity
230:Mass noun
1789:Language
1709:(1862).
1646:See also
1633:samak-e,
1591:cig moch
1566:snoepjes
1430:бульбіна
1423:potatoes
1397:pischyna
1352:горошина
1328:Russian
1257:regular
1099:"a cow"
1052:"trees"
1031:qamḥa(t)
1020:"wheat"
907:cardotyn
844:"bird";
796:, as in
750:Examples
727:singular
720:unmarked
588:Volition
549:Contrast
479:Argument
444:Polarity
358:Telicity
348:Modality
281:Singular
1775:Number.
1639:ʔasmaak
1548:snoepje
1500:ŋɛɛti-n
1436:buĺbina
1292:عسكريون
1283:`askarī
1222:'army'
1108:suffix
986:suffix
935:Semitic
865:plentyn
853:mefusen
805:bechgyn
799:bachgen
569:Patient
524:Adjunct
514:Subject
489:Valency
163:Animacy
107:scholar
1781:
1746:
1719:
1657:Plural
1585:mochyn
1543:
1514:
1503:louse.
1495:
1474:Majang
1463:gender
1411:бульба
1391:піщина
1339:gorokh
1268:`askar
1206:broken
1197:broken
1048:shajar
939:Slavic
901:cardod
889:merlod
883:merlen
877:coeden
841:aderyn
811:chwaer
772:suffix
768:Celtic
731:plural
519:Object
413:Affect
353:Person
290:Plural
274:Number
247:Gender
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
1623:samak
1616:samak
1532:snoep
1484:lice.
1481:ŋɛɛti
1454:->
1442:tuber
1417:buĺba
1378:pisok
1372:пісок
1333:горох
1277:عسكري
1248:junūd
1233:jundī
1183:zinjī
1153:jinnī
1080:baqar
922:mefus
859:plant
847:mefus
789:tadau
760:Welsh
755:Welsh
581:Focus
564:Agent
395:Voice
388:Tense
114:JSTOR
100:books
1779:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1695:p 47
1579:moch
1384:sand
1345:peas
1262:عسكر
1242:جنود
1227:جندي
1218:jund
1177:زنجى
1168:zinj
1139:jinn
1089:بقرة
1057:شجرة
1025:قمحة
1016:qamḥ
994:a(t)
965:a(t)
937:and
895:merl
871:coed
835:adar
706:and
691:and
383:Mood
285:Dual
168:Case
86:news
1505:SGV
1486:COL
1465:.
1308:In
1212:جند
1162:زنج
1147:جني
1074:بقر
1042:شجر
1010:قمح
944:In
829:-en
823:-yn
783:tad
777:-au
710:COL
702:SGV
683:In
69:by
34:or
1801::
1685:^
1631:,
1472:.
1444:"
1386:"
1132:جن
687:,
1752:.
1725:.
1540:→
1492:→
1421:"
1382:"
1343:"
1116:ī
1114:-
1111:ي
992:-
989:ة
977:ī
975:-
972:ي
963:-
960:ة
729:–
695:(
672:e
665:t
658:v
136:)
130:(
125:)
121:(
111:·
104:·
97:·
90:·
63:.
38:.
20:)
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