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51:; SE is therefore an important clinical parameter in clinical investigations of insomnia. SE declines with age and low SE is common in the elderly. Furthermore, lower values of SE are often observed in sleep studies on pregnant populations and are mostly explained by the increased awakening periods after sleep onset (''wake after sleep onset (WASO)'').
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Sleep efficiency is often described as the ratio between time spent asleep ("total sleep time (TST)"), and time spent "in bed" ("time in bed (TIB)"), however, TIB does not encompass "non-sleep-related activities" performed in bed (e.g. reading, watching television, etc.) as the phrase may seem to
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or fall back asleep). It is given as a percentage. SE of 80% or more is considered normal/healthy with most young healthy adults displaying SE above 90%. SE can be determined with a
329:"Decreased sleep efficiency, increased wake after sleep onset and increased cortical arousals in late pregnancy: Decreased sleep efficiency in late pregnancy"
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Wilson, Danielle L.; Barnes, Maree; Ellett, Lenore; Permezel, Michael; Jackson, Martin; Crowe, Simon F. (February 2011).
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Shrivastava, Deepak; Jung, Syung; Saadat, Mohsen; Sirohi, Roopa; Crewson, Keri (2014-11-25).
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Desjardins, Sophie; Lapierre, Sylvie; Hudon, Carol; Desgagné, Alain (2019-02-15).
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Chaput, Jean-Philippe; Dutil, Caroline; Sampasa-Kanyinga, Hugues (2018-11-27).
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