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1957:, Tibet's famous book of the dead, repeatedly states that all of reality is a figment of one's perception, although this occurs within the "Bardo" realm (post-mortem). For instance, within the sixth part of the section titled "The Root Verses of the Six Bardos", there appears the following line: "May I recognize whatever appeareth as being mine own thought-forms"; there are many lines in similar ideal.
1691:. Many people are intuitively unconvinced of the nonexistence of the external world from the basic arguments of solipsism, but a solid proof of its existence is not available at present. The central assertion of solipsism rests on the nonexistence of such a proof, and strong solipsism (as opposed to weak solipsism) asserts that no such proof can be made. In this sense, solipsism is logically related to
1546:. Descartes and dualism aim to prove the actual existence of reality as opposed to a phantom existence (as well as the existence of God in Descartes' case), using the realm of ideas merely as a starting point, but solipsism usually finds those further arguments unconvincing. The solipsist instead proposes that their own unconscious is the author of all seemingly "external" events from "reality".
1501:, which states that if two things share exactly the same qualities, then they must be identical, as in indistinguishable from each other and therefore one and the same thing. Dualists then attempt to identify attributes of mind that are lacked by matter (such as privacy or intentionality) or vice versa (such as having a certain temperature or electrical charge). One notable application of the
45:
1651:). One critical test is nevertheless to consider the induction from experience that the externally observable world does not seem, at first approach, to be directly manipulable purely by mental energies alone. One can indirectly manipulate the world through the medium of the physical body, but it seems impossible to do so through pure thought (
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independently of one's mind. For instance, it may be that a God-like being controls the sensations received by the mind, making it appear as if there is an external world when most of it (excluding the God-like being and oneself) is false. However, the point remains that epistemological solipsists consider this an "unresolvable" question.
1216:(which are attributes) can exist independent of some entity having this attribute (a capability in this case), i.e., that an attribute of an existent can exist apart from the existent itself. If one admits to the existence of an independent entity (e.g., the brain) having that attribute, the door is open to an independent reality. (See
1983:, saying that she was a solipsist, and was surprised that there were no others. Coming from a logician and a solipsist, her surprise surprised me". He also argues that the logic of solipsism compels you to believe in 'solipsism of the moment' where only the presently existing moment can be said to exist.
1402:
posits a real "world out there", as well as in and through us, that can be sensed—seen, heard, tasted, touched and felt, sometimes with prosthetic technologies corresponding to human sensing organs. (Materialists do not claim that human senses or even their prosthetics can, even when collected, sense
1918:
thought), external objects do exist, but are devoid of any type of inherent identity: "Just as objects of mind do not exist , mind also does not exist ". In other words, even though a chair may physically exist, individuals can only experience it through the medium of their own mind, each with their
1588: – he can only make his own observations, and thus cannot be truly sure that this God or other people exist to observe "reality". The solipsist would say it is better to disregard the unreliable observations of alleged other people and rely upon the immediate certainty of one's own perceptions.
1844:
It is mentioned in Yoga
Vasistha that “…..according to them (we can safely assume that them are present Solipsists) this world is mental in nature. There is no reality other than the ideas of one’s own mind. This view is incorrect, because the world cannot be the content of an individual’s mind. If
1419:
For materialists, ideas have no primary reality as essences separate from our physical existence. From a materialist perspective, ideas are social (rather than purely biological), and formed and transmitted and modified through the interactions between social organisms and their social and physical
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Some philosophers hold that, while it cannot be proven that anything independent of one's mind exists, the point that solipsism makes is irrelevant. This is because, whether the world as we perceive it exists independently or not, we cannot escape this perception, hence it is best to act assuming
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The method of the typical scientist is naturalist: they first assume that the external world exists and can be known. But the scientific method, in the sense of a predict-observe-modify loop, does not require the assumption of an external world. A solipsist may perform a psychological test on
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of ideas, but we might say that from a materialist perspective pushed to a logical extreme communicable to an idealist, ideas are ultimately reducible to a physically communicated, organically, socially and environmentally embedded 'brain state'. While reflexive existence is not considered by
759:
Methodological solipsists do not intend to conclude that the stronger forms of solipsism are actually true. They simply emphasize that justifications of an external world must be founded on indisputable facts about their own consciousness. The methodological solipsist believes that subjective
1900:
The Buddha stated, "Within this fathom long body is the world, the origin of the world, the cessation of the world and the path leading to the cessation of the world". Whilst not rejecting the occurrence of external phenomena, the Buddha focused on the illusion created within the mind of the
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the self, it could then follow that the external world should be somehow directly manipulable by that consciousness, and if it is not, then solipsism is false. An argument against this states that this argument is circular and incoherent. It assumes at the beginning a "construct of a single
1583:
argued that physical objects do not exist independently of the mind that perceives them. An item truly exists only as long as it is observed; otherwise, it is not only meaningless but simply nonexistent. Berkeley does attempt to show things can and do exist apart from the human mind and our
725:
according to which only the directly accessible mental contents of the solipsistic philosopher can be known. The existence of an external world is regarded as an unresolvable question rather than actually false. Further, one cannot also be certain as to what extent the external world exists
1989:
wrote that one can know of others' minds because "First, they have bodies like me, which I know in my own case, to be the antecedent condition of feelings; and because, secondly, they exhibit the acts, and outward signs, which in my own case I know by experience to be caused by feelings".
1471:). On this scale, solipsism can be classed as idealism. Thoughts and concepts are all that exist, and furthermore, only the solipsist's own thoughts and consciousness exist. The so-called "reality" is nothing more than an idea that the solipsist has (perhaps unconsciously) created.
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consciousness" meaning something false, and then tries to manipulate the external world that it just assumed was false. Of course this is an impossible task, but it does not disprove solipsism. It is simply poor reasoning when considering pure idealized logic and that is why
1845:
it were so, an individual would have created and destroyed the world according to his whims. This theory is called atma khyati – the pervasion of the little self (intellect). Yoga
Vasistha - Nirvana Prakarana - Uttarardha (Volume - 6) Page 107 by Swami Jyotirmayananda
1412:
materialists to be experienced on the atomic level, the individual's physical and mental experiences are ultimately reducible to the unique tripartite combination of environmentally determined, genetically determined, and randomly determined interactions of firing
756:. Methodological solipsism sometimes goes even further to say that even what we perceive as the brain is actually part of the external world, for it is only through our senses that we can see or feel the mind. Only the existence of thoughts is known for certain.
1889:, though, generally holds that the mind and external phenomena are both equally transient, and that they arise from each other. The mind cannot exist without external phenomena, nor can external phenomena exist without the mind. This relation is known as
1584:
perception, but only because there is an all-encompassing Mind in which all "ideas" are perceived – in other words, God, who observes all. Solipsism agrees that nothing exists outside of perception, but would argue that
Berkeley falls prey to the
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is the only existing reality and that all other realities, including the external world and other persons, are representations of that self, having no independent existence. There are several versions of metaphysical solipsism, such as Caspar Hare's
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thought, adopts a view that matter exists independently of individual minds. Representation of an object in an individual mind is held to be a mental approximation of the object in the external world. Therefore, Samkhya chooses representational
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since one possessed a characteristic that the other did not: namely, it could be known to exist. Solipsism agrees with
Descartes in this aspect, and goes further: only things that can be known to exist for sure should be considered to exist.
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There is no conceptual or logically necessary link between mental and physical—between, for example, the occurrence of certain conscious experience or mental states and the "possession" and behavioral dispositions of a "body" of a particular
1567:. He believed, therefore, that we could gain knowledge about the thing-in-itself, something Kant said was impossible, since the rest of the relationship between representation and thing-in-itself could be understood by
607:
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themselves, to discern the nature of the reality in their mind – however
Deutsch uses this fact to counter-argue: "outer parts" of solipsist, behave independently so they are independent for "narrowly" defined (
1676:) self. A solipsist's investigations may not be proper science, however, since it would not include the co-operative and communitarian aspects of scientific inquiry that normally serve to diminish bias.
2807:"Transcreation of the Bhagavad Gita, and: Instant Nirvana: Americanization of Mysticism and Meditation, and: An Introduction to Yoga Philosophy: An Annotated Translation of the Yoga Sutras (review)"
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1647:: there does not seem to be an imaginable disproof. According to Popper: a hypothesis that cannot be falsified is not scientific, and a solipsist can observe "the success of sciences" (see also
1169:
Philosophers generally try to build knowledge on more than an inference or analogy. Well-known frameworks such as
Descartes' epistemological enterprise brought to popularity the idea that all
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in the philosophy of
Advaita could be interpreted as solipsism. However, the theological definition of the Self in Advaita protect it from true solipsism as found in the west. Similarly, the
1901:
perceiver by the process of ascribing permanence to impermanent phenomena, satisfaction to unsatisfying experiences, and a sense of reality to things that were effectively insubstantial.
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1926:(sometimes translated as "Mind only") school of Buddhist philosophy contends that all human experience is constructed by mind. Some later representatives of one Yogacara subschool (
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The theory of solipsism also merits close examination because it relates to three widely held philosophical presuppositions, each itself fundamental and wide-ranging in importance:
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the totality of the universe; simply that they collectively cannot sense what cannot in any way be known to us.) Materialists do not find this a useful way of thinking about the
1398:
One of the most fundamental debates in philosophy concerns the "true" nature of the world—whether it is some ethereal plane of ideas or a reality of atomic particles and energy.
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holds the mind to be the only god and all actions in the universe are thought to be a result of the mind assuming infinite forms. After the development of distinct schools of
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over epistemological solipsism. Having established this distinction between the external world and the mind, Samkhya posits the existence of two metaphysical realities
1326:. And this view, or some variant of it, has been influential in philosophy since René Descartes elevated the search for incontrovertible certainty to the status of the
3048:
This book presents an intriguing and scientifically based updating of solipsism involving the latest findings in quantum physics, neurology and consciousness studies.
768:) are the sole possible or proper starting point for philosophical construction. Often methodological solipsism is not held as a belief system, but rather used as a
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1794:. By using various arguments, such as the analysis of the three states of experience—wakefulness, dream, and deep sleep, he established the singular reality of
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is to be preferred. In other words: additional "entities" can pay their way with enhanced explanatory power. So the naturalist can claim that, while their
1467:, but a perfect triangle or "beauty" is eternal. Religious thinking tends to be some form of idealism, as God usually becomes the highest ideal (such as
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1934:) propounded a form of idealism that has been interpreted as solipsism. A view of this sort is contained in the 11th-century treatise of Ratnakirti,
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The foundations of solipsism are in turn the foundations of the view that the individual's understanding of any and all psychological concepts (
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Buddhism also challenges the illusion of the idea that one can experience an 'objective' reality independent of individual perceiving minds.
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Solipsism as radical subjective idealism has often been criticized by well-known philosophers ("solipsism can only succeed in a madhouse" —
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believe that the mind and its thoughts are the only true things that exist. This is the reverse of what is sometimes called "
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One who sees everything as nothing but the Self, and the Self in everything one sees, such a seer withdraws from nothing.
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states that when also other scientific methods are used (not only logic) solipsism is "indefensible", also when using the
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wrote that it was "psychologically impossible" to believe, "I once received a letter from an eminent logician, Mrs.
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1631:, instead they only display traits of consciousness to the observer, who may be the only conscious being there is.
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has it that the simpler theory is always the best. In fact, the principle is that the simpler of two theories of
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However, Descartes' view does not provide any details about the nature of the "I" that has been proven to exist.
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1668:: "If, according to the simplest explanation, an entity is complex and autonomous, then that entity is real."
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own literal point of view. Therefore, an independent, purely 'objective' reality could never be experienced.
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provide the solipsist with a number of arguments not found in
Descartes. While Descartes defends ontological
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Radhakrishnan, Indian
Philosophy, London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1971 edition, Volume II, p. 342.
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in religion: the distinction between believing you do not know, and believing you could not have known.
1563:. Schopenhauer saw the human will as our one window to the world behind the representation, the Kantian
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2312:"Is there a convincing philosophical rebuttal to solipsism - See comment by Seth, Edinburgh Scotland"
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1655:). It might be argued that if the external world were merely a construct of a single consciousness,
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Much of the point of the sophists was to show that objective knowledge was a literal impossibility.
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and that therefore human knowledge is an ongoing, collective enterprise that is best produced via
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Russell, B. (1948). Human
Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 180.
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However, minimality (or parsimony) is not the only logical virtue. A common misapprehension of
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Even if something could be known about it, knowledge about it cannot be communicated to others.
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An Eleventh-Century Buddhist Logic of 'Exists': Ratnakīrti's Kṣaṇabhaṅgasiddhiḥ Vyatirekātmikā
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environments. This materialist perspective informs scientific methodology, insofar as that
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Origins of solipsist thought are found in Greece and later Enlightenment thinkers such as
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Mere denial of material existence, in itself, does not necessarily constitute solipsism.
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To expand on the second point, the conceptual problem is that the previous point assumes
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1385:) and God, Berkeley denies the existence of matter but not minds, of which God is one.
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the requirement that knowledge must be certain). It still entertains the points that
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2933:. Foundations of language. Vol. 2. Springer-Science Business Media. p. 1.
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1837:, escapes charge of solipsism because the real "I" is thought to be nothing but the
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Early Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism: the Mahāyāna context of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā
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and Samkhya schools are thought to have originated concepts similar to solipsism.
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conventions adjusted specifically for material human capacities and limitations.
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2955:"The Tibetan Book of the Dead Or the After-Death Experiences on the Bardo Plane"
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so how could any suffering or delusion continue for those who know this oneness?
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1997:
1915:
1911:
1787:
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is one of the six most known Hindu philosophical systems and literally means "
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666:
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469:
329:
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2346:
Appropriating Hobbes: Legacies in Political, Legal, and International Thought
703:), in which other people are conscious, but their experiences are simply not
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3213:(Second, Unabridged ed.). Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Company.
2083:
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There are varying degrees of solipsism that parallel the varying degrees of
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There is another option: the belief that both ideals and "reality" exist.
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2600:
2524:"Notes on Neoplatonism and the relation to Christianity and Gnosticism"
2380:
Law, Liberty and State: Oakeshott, Hayek and Schmitt on the Rule of Law
1885:, and sometimes this position is understood as metaphysical solipsism.
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Some interpretations of Buddhism assert that external reality is an
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that others have experiences much like theirs and reject solipsism.
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Proceedings. International conference on cognitive systems (1997)
1463:) which were not products of our thinking. The material world is
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in that other seemingly conscious beings may actually lack true
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1511:. Descartes concluded that he could not doubt the existence of
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4195:
3211:
Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language
2664:
Knowledge and the body-mind problem: in defence of interaction
2577:
1186:
One's most certain knowledge is the content of one's own mind—
38:
6212:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
3231:
1808:
For the enlightened, all that exists is nothing but the Self,
1747:
The earliest reference to solipsism is found in the ideas in
686:
solipsism is a variety of solipsism based on a philosophy of
596:
1623:
The theory of solipsism crosses over with the theory of the
1334:, whilst also elevating epistemology to "first philosophy".
744:
variant of solipsism. It exists in opposition to the strict
27:
Philosophical idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist
3180:. Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams, and Company. p. 295.
2915:
Ocean of Nectar: Wisdom and Compassion in Mahayana Buddhism
2276:. Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams, and Company. p. 295.
1713:
is more complex, it is more satisfying as an explanation.
575:
1942:), which provides a philosophical refutation of external
1841:
looked at through a particular unique point of interest.
590:
581:
3209:
Neilson, W.A.; Knott, T.A.; Carhart, P.W., eds. (1950).
2471:
2469:
2414:
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Genealogy to Iqbal
1950:(as distinct from the perspective of everyday reality).
1283:
Even if something exists, nothing can be known about it.
6152:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
1571:
as the relationship between human will and human body.
657:
cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.
2960:. Translated by Lāma Kazi Dawa-Samdup. holybooks.com.
614:
593:
587:
572:
3036:. Arcturus–Foulsham (Europe), Chartwell Books (US).
1856:
philosophy, which is sometimes seen as the basis of
1373:, thus accepting the existence of a material world (
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1125:. In order to explore related topics, please visit
569:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3176:Wood, Ledger (1962). "Solipsism". In Runes (ed.).
3053:
2705:
2666:(Repr. ed.). London: Routledge. p. 106.
1607:rather than by the use of the senses (see Plato's
649:of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the
1224:that the world is independent of our minds. (See
2982:The Development of Bertrand Russell's Philosophy
1483:commonly argue that the distinction between the
1804:
1603:is best discovered by the use of reasoning and
1542:could only exist as an idea in the mind of the
3204:. Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams, and Company.
2377:Dyzenhaus, D.; Poole, T.; Poole, T.M. (2015).
1735:are solipsistic, and that eventually children
6378:
5343:
3247:
2860:Isaac, J. R.; Dangwal, Ritu; Chakraborty, C.
1145:
541:
8:
3143:. In Fieser, James; Dowden, Bradley (eds.).
1936:"Refutation of the existence of other minds"
1790:teachers, and that of his teacher's teacher
721:Epistemological solipsism is the variety of
690:. Metaphysical solipsists maintain that the
2383:. Cambridge University Press. p. 142.
6385:
6371:
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4165:
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3743:
3732:
3281:
3270:
3254:
3240:
3232:
3141:"Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds"
3130:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3118:Über Transcendenz des Objects und Subjects
2787:. University of Chicago, 1984. pp. 120–1.
2685:
2683:
2622:"Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds"
2292:"Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds"
2156: – John Locke's response to solipsism
1248:Solipsism was first recorded by the Greek
1152:
1138:
794:
548:
534:
140:
3220:Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary
2774:. Divine Life Society, Rishikesh. P. 248.
2747:King, Richard; Ācārya, Gauḍapāda (1995),
1798:, in which Brahman, the universe and the
1491:') and matter can be proven by employing
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
3139:Thornton, Stephen P. (24 October 2004).
3060:. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
2620:Thornton, Stephen P. (24 October 2004).
2417:. Taylor & Francis US. p. 146.
2290:Thornton, Stephen P. (24 October 2004).
1786:, who continued the work of some of the
1755:, dated to early 1st millennium BC. The
2411:Edward Craig; Routledge (Firm) (1998).
2349:. Oxford University Press. p. 82.
2218:
802:
148:
3123:
3116:von Schubert Soldern, Richard (1982).
2917:, London: Tharpa Publications, p. 253.
2241:
2239:
1529:body. From this, he inferred that the
1424:assumes that humans have no access to
6986:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
6182:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
2785:Dreams, Illusion, and Other Realities
2285:
2283:
2154:Primary/secondary quality distinction
1310:, etc.) is accomplished by making an
7:
6282:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
6202:The World as Will and Representation
2995:Avramides, Anita (24 January 2024).
2984:. Taylor & Francis. p. 408.
2864:. Allied Publishers Ltd. pp. 341–2.
2588:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2511:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2488:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2247:"Philosophical Dictionary:Solipsism"
1802:or the Self, were one and the same.
1782:". Its first great consolidator was
1556:The World as Will and Representation
1200:The experience of a given person is
67:adding citations to reliable sources
3222:. Springfield, MA: Merriam–Webster.
3146:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3052:Popper, K.R.; Eccles, J.C. (1977).
3003:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2627:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2606:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2543:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2297:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1599:is the philosophical position that
3190:Philosophy for Kids!,『〈子ども〉のための哲学』
1611:). Solipsism is also skeptical of
1525:doubt the (separate) existence of
1451:" due to the influence of Plato's
25:
3082:. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.
2576:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2499:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2476:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1173:knowledge may go no further than
6345:
6335:
6334:
5311:
5310:
5297:
3218:Mish, Frederick C., ed. (1983).
2438:Jones, N.; Berkeley, G. (2009).
2000:
1946:from the Buddhist standpoint of
565:
43:
6132:Meditations on First Philosophy
3019:Khashaba, D.R. (28 July 2002).
2927:A. C. Senape McDermott (2013).
2883:"Rohitassa Sutta: To Rohitassa"
2641:Khashaba, D.R. (28 July 2002).
1508:Meditations on First Philosophy
1379:) as well as immaterial minds (
1266:–375 BC), who is quoted by the
740:Methodological solipsism is an
645:position, solipsism holds that
54:needs additional citations for
2059:Cognitive closure (philosophy)
2025: – The mind and the brain
1635:Falsifiability and testability
1314:with their own mental states;
748:requirements for "knowledge" (
294:Analytic–synthetic distinction
1:
6843:Hard problem of consciousness
2805:Srinivasan, Vasanthi (2003).
1505:was by René Descartes in his
1447:" or, somewhat confusingly, "
1260:
1176:"I think; therefore I exist."
6317:Philosophy of space and time
4783:Ordinary language philosophy
3159:Philosophical Investigations
3021:"Subjectivism and Solipsism"
2772:The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
2643:"Subjectivism and Solipsism"
2599:Calef, Scott (9 June 2005).
1723:Infant cognitive development
1193:, experiences, affects, etc.
6192:The Phenomenology of Spirit
4833:Contemporary utilitarianism
4748:Internalism and externalism
3097:Russell, Bertrand (1995) .
2783:O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger.
2229:Online Etymology Dictionary
1969:, "solipsism is madness" —
1729:developmental psychologists
1643:hypothesis as described by
7088:
4097:Svatantrika and Prasangika
3080:The Problems of Philosophy
3034:Is There Life After Death?
2751:, SUNY Press, p. 52,
2704:Flanagan, Owen J. (1991).
2444:. Continuum. p. 105.
1720:
1550:Philosophy of Schopenhauer
1503:identity of indiscernibles
1498:identity of indiscernibles
733:
714:
676:
629: 'alone' and
31:
7006:
6565:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
6555:David Lewis (philosopher)
6330:
5291:
5006:
4989:
4396:
3742:
3731:
3319:Philosophy of mathematics
3309:Philosophy of information
3280:
3269:
3192:. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha.
1953:In addition to this, the
1579:The idealist philosopher
1533:must not be identical to
754:any induction is fallible
717:Epistemological solipsism
400:Evolutionary epistemology
7052:Epistemological theories
6307:Philosophy of psychology
6242:Simulacra and Simulation
3202:Dictionary of Philosophy
3178:Dictionary of Philosophy
2811:Philosophy East and West
2274:Dictionary of Philosophy
2202:The Truman Show delusion
1753:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
1394:Idealism and materialism
736:Methodological solipsism
641:is sure to exist. As an
515:Philosophy of perception
32:Not to be confused with
6693:Eliminative materialism
6172:Critique of Pure Reason
4788:Postanalytic philosophy
4729:Experimental philosophy
3032:Peake, Anthony (2006).
2913:6:71cd, translation in
2911:Guide to the Middle Way
2887:www.accesstoinsight.org
2770:Krishnananda, (Swami).
2708:The Science of the Mind
2689:Deutsch, David. (1997)
2185:Stream of consciousness
2109:Model-dependent realism
1981:Christine Ladd-Franklin
1910:From the standpoint of
1684:Solipsism is a form of
1559:is the central work of
1521:argument), but that he
1416:and atomic collisions.
1389:Relation to other ideas
1228:and testability below)
1204:private to that person.
970:Incompleteness theorems
764:) or innate knowledge (
410:Historical epistemology
6945:Propositional attitude
6940:Problem of other minds
6848:Hypostatic abstraction
5763:Type–token distinction
5591:Hypostatic abstraction
5373:Abstract object theory
4921:Social constructionism
3933:Hellenistic philosophy
3349:Theoretical philosophy
3324:Philosophy of religion
3314:Philosophy of language
3056:The Self and Its Brain
2980:Jager, Ronald (2014).
2712:. MIT Press. pp.
2559:"A Defense of Dualism"
2441:Starting with Berkeley
2160:Problem of other minds
1823:
1586:egocentric predicament
1355:
679:Metaphysical solipsism
7016:Philosophers category
6920:Mental representation
6683:Biological naturalism
6570:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
6545:Frank Cameron Jackson
6352:Philosophy portal
6232:Being and Nothingness
5648:Mental representation
5304:Philosophy portal
4823:Scientific skepticism
4803:Reformed epistemology
3329:Philosophy of science
3101:. London: Routledge.
2823:10.1353/pew.2003.0030
2662:Popper, Karl (2000).
2585:Catholic Encyclopedia
2508:Catholic Encyclopedia
2485:Catholic Encyclopedia
2272:Wood, Ledger (1962).
2149:Philosophical realism
2099:Metaphysical nihilism
1666:simplest explanations
1361:'s arguments against
1345:
715:Further information:
697:egocentric presentism
637:idea that only one's
633: 'self') is the
520:Philosophy of science
6698:Emergent materialism
6277:Feminist metaphysics
4724:Critical rationalism
4431:Edo neo-Confucianism
4275:Acintya bheda abheda
4254:Renaissance humanism
3965:School of the Sextii
3339:Practical philosophy
3334:Political philosophy
3155:Wittgenstein, Ludwig
3099:The Analysis of Mind
2343:Boucher, D. (2018).
2207:Vertiginous question
2165:Protagoras of Abdera
2079:Existential nihilism
1649:no miracles argument
1625:philosophical zombie
1619:Philosophical zombie
995:Münchhausen trilemma
955:Continuum hypothesis
945:Après moi, le déluge
785:Cartesian skepticism
701:perspectival realism
395:Applied epistemology
63:improve this article
7062:Metaphysics of mind
6895:Language of thought
6645:Ludwig Wittgenstein
6475:Patricia Churchland
6122:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
5633:Linguistic modality
4295:Nimbarka Sampradaya
4206:Korean Confucianism
3953:Academic Skepticism
3025:Philosophy Pathways
2648:Philosophy Pathways
2563:New Dualism Archive
2479:"Materialism"
1940:Santanantara dusana
1891:"dependent arising"
1887:Buddhist philosophy
1825:The concept of the
1639:Solipsism is not a
1561:Arthur Schopenhauer
798:Part of a series on
688:subjective idealism
505:Epistemic cognition
425:Virtue epistemology
420:Social epistemology
405:Formal epistemology
144:Part of a series on
6723:Neurophenomenology
6394:Philosophy of mind
6312:Philosophy of self
6302:Philosophy of mind
5566:Embodied cognition
5478:Scientific realism
4916:Post-structuralism
4818:Scientific realism
4773:Quinean naturalism
4753:Logical positivism
4709:Analytical Marxism
3928:Peripatetic school
3840:Chinese naturalism
3367:Aesthetic response
3294:Applied philosophy
3198:Runes, Dagobert D.
2601:"Dualism and Mind"
2175:Solipsism syndrome
2124:Open individualism
2119:Objective idealism
1784:Adi Shankaracharya
1540:The Descartes body
1535:the Descartes body
1445:classical idealism
1356:
1276:as having stated:
770:thought experiment
7034:
7033:
6930:Mind–body problem
6828:Cognitive closure
6792:Substance dualism
6410:G. E. M. Anscombe
6360:
6359:
5539:Category of being
5508:Truthmaker theory
5325:
5324:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4704:Analytic feminism
4676:
4675:
4638:Kierkegaardianism
4600:Transcendentalism
4560:Neo-scholasticism
4406:Classical Realism
4383:
4382:
4155:
4154:
3970:Neopythagoreanism
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3344:Social philosophy
3076:Russell, Bertrand
2940:978-94-017-6322-6
2758:978-0-7914-2513-8
2735:infant solipsism.
2692:Fabric of Reality
2538:"German Idealism"
2451:978-1-84706-186-7
2424:978-0-415-18709-1
2390:978-1-107-09338-6
2356:978-0-19-881721-5
2253:on 3 January 2017
2180:Standpoint theory
2114:Object permanence
2074:Ethical solipsism
2064:Consensus reality
2008:Philosophy portal
1895:pratityasamutpada
1873:(consciousness).
1761:Indian philosophy
1706:explanatory power
1495:principle of the
1475:Cartesian dualism
1449:Platonic idealism
1162:
1161:
558:
557:
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
7079:
6782:Representational
6777:Property dualism
6770:Type physicalism
6735:New mysterianism
6703:Epiphenomenalism
6525:Martin Heidegger
6387:
6380:
6373:
6364:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6338:
6337:
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6167:
6157:
6147:
6137:
6127:
6117:
6107:
6097:
6087:
6077:
6067:
5743:Substantial form
5555:Cogito, ergo sum
5498:Substance theory
5352:
5345:
5338:
5329:
5314:
5313:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5017:
5008:
4991:
4881:Frankfurt School
4828:Transactionalism
4778:Normative ethics
4758:Legal positivism
4734:Falsificationism
4719:Consequentialism
4714:Communitarianism
4687:
4555:New Confucianism
4394:
4201:Neo-Confucianism
4166:
3975:Second Sophistic
3960:Middle Platonism
3803:
3744:
3733:
3576:Epiphenomenalism
3443:Consequentialism
3377:Institutionalism
3282:
3271:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3223:
3214:
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3181:
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2554:
2548:
2547:
2546:. 16 April 2001.
2534:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2502:"Idealism"
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2490:
2489:
2481:
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2402:
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2329:
2320:. Archived from
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2301:
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2278:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2249:. Archived from
2243:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2134:Personal horizon
2104:Mind over matter
2094:LaVeyan Satanism
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1987:John Stuart Mill
1977:Bertrand Russell
1849:Samkhya and Yoga
1821:
1749:Hindu philosophy
1544:person Descartes
1531:person Descartes
1324:inner experience
1274:Sextus Empiricus
1265:
1262:
1154:
1147:
1140:
975:Infinite regress
806:
795:
617:
612:
611:
610:
609:
602:
599:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
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543:
536:
450:Sextus Empiricus
415:Metaepistemology
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
7087:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7030:
7002:
6969:
6915:Mental property
6808:Abstract object
6796:
6666:
6620:Wilfrid Sellars
6495:Donald Davidson
6480:Paul Churchland
6440:George Berkeley
6396:
6391:
6361:
6356:
6346:
6344:
6326:
6250:
6245:
6235:
6225:
6215:
6205:
6195:
6185:
6175:
6165:
6155:
6145:
6135:
6125:
6115:
6105:
6095:
6092:De rerum natura
6085:
6075:
6065:
6049:
5789:
5693:Physical object
5529:Abstract object
5517:
5503:Theory of forms
5438:Meaning of life
5361:
5356:
5326:
5321:
5298:
5296:
5275:
5239:
5139:
5101:
5048:
5002:
5001:
4973:
4962:Russian cosmism
4935:
4931:Western Marxism
4896:New Historicism
4861:Critical theory
4847:
4843:Wittgensteinian
4739:Foundationalism
4672:
4609:
4590:Social contract
4446:Foundationalism
4379:
4361:
4345:Illuminationism
4330:Aristotelianism
4316:
4305:Vishishtadvaita
4258:
4210:
4151:
4118:
3989:
3918:Megarian school
3913:Eretrian school
3854:
3815:Agriculturalism
3792:
3738:
3719:
3666:
3638:
3595:
3547:
3504:
3488:Incompatibilism
3457:
3429:
3381:
3353:
3276:
3265:
3260:
3230:
3217:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3175:
3169:
3153:
3138:
3122:
3115:
3109:
3096:
3090:
3074:
3068:
3051:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3015:
3013:Further reading
3010:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2782:
2778:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2579:"Dualism"
2575:
2574:
2570:
2557:DePoe, John M.
2556:
2555:
2551:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2522:Loflin, Lewis.
2521:
2520:
2516:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2452:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2317:TheGuardian.com
2310:
2309:
2305:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2049:Cartesian doubt
2044:Boltzmann brain
2006:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1967:A. Schopenhauer
1963:
1928:Prajñakaragupta
1879:
1851:
1822:
1814:
1773:
1771:Advaita Vedanta
1765:Advaita Vedanta
1745:
1725:
1719:
1682:
1637:
1621:
1609:theory of forms
1594:
1581:George Berkeley
1577:
1565:thing-in-itself
1552:
1518:cogito ergo sum
1477:
1453:theory of forms
1396:
1391:
1359:George Berkeley
1348:George Berkeley
1340:
1296:
1280:Nothing exists.
1263:
1246:
1240:and Descartes.
1234:
1158:
1112:
1111:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1031:
990:Meaninglessness
985:Logical fallacy
920:
919:
910:
909:
835:
834:
825:
804:
793:
746:epistemological
738:
732:
719:
713:
711:Epistemological
681:
675:
663:
643:epistemological
615:
606:
605:
604:
568:
564:
554:
525:
524:
510:Epistemic logic
500:
499:
490:
489:
440:
439:
438:Epistemologists
430:
429:
390:
389:
380:
379:
284:
283:
274:
273:
219:Foundationalism
184:
183:
174:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7085:
7083:
7075:
7074:
7072:Theory of mind
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7039:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6983:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6910:Mental process
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6880:Intentionality
6877:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Neutral monism
6727:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6713:Interactionism
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6625:Baruch Spinoza
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6535:Edmund Husserl
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6505:René Descartes
6502:
6500:Daniel Dennett
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6470:David Chalmers
6467:
6462:
6457:
6455:Franz Brentano
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6435:Alexander Bain
6432:
6427:
6425:Thomas Aquinas
6422:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6367:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6342:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6255:Related topics
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6238:
6228:
6222:Being and Time
6218:
6208:
6198:
6188:
6178:
6168:
6158:
6148:
6138:
6128:
6118:
6108:
6098:
6088:
6078:
6068:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5799:
5797:
5795:Metaphysicians
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5551:
5549:Causal closure
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5423:Libertarianism
5420:
5415:
5410:
5408:Existentialism
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5307:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5107:Middle Eastern
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5014:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4871:Existentialism
4868:
4866:Deconstruction
4863:
4857:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4699:Applied ethics
4695:
4693:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4663:Nietzscheanism
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4605:Utilitarianism
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4503:Transcendental
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4441:Existentialism
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:Augustinianism
4226:
4220:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4142:Zoroastrianism
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3985:Church Fathers
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3867:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3500:Libertarianism
3497:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Metaphilosophy
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3229:
3228:External links
3226:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3200:, ed. (1962).
3194:
3186:Nagai, Hitoshi
3182:
3173:
3167:
3151:
3136:
3113:
3107:
3094:
3088:
3072:
3066:
3049:
3042:
3029:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2987:
2972:
2963:
2946:
2939:
2919:
2899:
2874:
2853:
2844:
2817:(3): 421–425.
2797:
2776:
2763:
2757:
2739:
2722:
2696:
2679:
2672:
2654:
2633:
2612:
2591:
2568:
2549:
2529:
2514:
2491:
2465:
2450:
2430:
2423:
2403:
2389:
2369:
2355:
2335:
2324:on 5 June 2016
2303:
2279:
2264:
2235:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Dream argument
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Centered world
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1995:
1992:
1962:
1959:
1948:ultimate truth
1878:
1875:
1850:
1847:
1839:absolute whole
1812:
1772:
1769:
1744:
1741:
1721:Main article:
1718:
1715:
1681:
1678:
1636:
1633:
1620:
1617:
1593:
1590:
1576:
1573:
1551:
1548:
1476:
1473:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1339:
1336:
1295:
1294:René Descartes
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1245:
1242:
1233:
1230:
1226:Falsifiability
1218:Brain in a vat
1206:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Cognitive bias
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
921:
917:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
865:Existentialism
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
836:
832:
831:
830:
827:
826:
824:
823:
821:Disambiguation
818:
812:
809:
808:
800:
799:
792:
789:
781:René Descartes
734:Main article:
731:
730:Methodological
728:
712:
709:
677:Main article:
674:
671:
662:
659:
651:external world
556:
555:
553:
552:
545:
538:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
501:
498:Related fields
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
480:W. V. O. Quine
477:
472:
467:
465:René Descartes
462:
457:
455:Edmund Gettier
452:
447:
441:
437:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
387:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
296:
291:
285:
281:
280:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
173:
172:
167:
162:
156:
153:
152:
146:
145:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7084:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7005:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6960:Understanding
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6885:Introspection
6883:
6881:
6878:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6838:Consciousness
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:Phenomenology
6758:
6756:
6755:Phenomenalism
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6745:Occasionalism
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6718:Naïve realism
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6708:Functionalism
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6650:Stephen Yablo
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6605:Richard Rorty
6603:
6601:
6600:Hilary Putnam
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6575:Marvin Minsky
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6550:Immanuel Kant
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6540:William James
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6445:Henri Bergson
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6388:
6383:
6381:
6376:
6374:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6353:
6343:
6341:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6297:Phenomenology
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:Notable works
6052:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:Phenomenalism
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5378:Action theory
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5318:
5317:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:Miscellaneous
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:Miscellaneous
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:Structuralism
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:Postmodernism
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:Phenomenology
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Vienna Circle
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:Moral realism
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Phenomenology
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4510:Individualism
4508:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4376:
4375:Judeo-Islamic
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4351:ʿIlm al-Kalām
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Shuddhadvaita
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4234:Scholasticism
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3730:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Conceptualism
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:Particularism
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Functionalism
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Eliminativism
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Compatibilism
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Particularism
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3227:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3168:0-631-19064-3
3164:
3161:. Blackwell.
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3108:0-415-09097-0
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3089:0-7546-1210-4
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3067:0-387-08307-3
3063:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3043:0-7858-2162-7
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
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2226:"solipsism".
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2144:Phenomenalism
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2089:Immaterialism
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2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:World as Myth
2015:
2014:
2009:
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1991:
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1984:
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1914:(a branch of
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1701:
1700:Occam's razor
1696:
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1679:
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1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:David Deutsch
1658:
1654:
1653:psychokinesis
1650:
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1629:consciousness
1626:
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1393:
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1368:
1365:in favour of
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1243:
1241:
1239:
1238:Thomas Hobbes
1231:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:consciousness
1211:
1203:
1199:
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1028:
1027:Valuelessness
1025:
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890:Postmodernism
888:
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861:
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797:
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790:
788:
786:
782:
779:
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771:
767:
763:
760:impressions (
757:
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747:
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729:
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672:
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648:
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636:
635:philosophical
632:
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531:
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516:
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494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
475:Immanuel Kant
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
460:Wang Yangming
458:
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451:
448:
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443:
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348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Justification
338:
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305:
301:
297:
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278:
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270:
269:Structuralism
267:
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262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:Perspectivism
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:Infallibilism
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:Contextualism
192:
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178:
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161:
158:
157:
155:
154:
151:
147:
143:
142:
133:
130:
122:
119:December 2022
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
19:
6996: /
6992: /
6988: /
6905:Mental image
6900:Mental event
6863:Intelligence
6813:Chinese room
6786:
6659:
6610:Gilbert Ryle
6590:Derek Parfit
6580:Thomas Nagel
6510:Fred Dretske
6430:J. L. Austin
6402:Philosophers
6272:Epistemology
6240:
6230:
6220:
6210:
6200:
6190:
6180:
6170:
6160:
6150:
6140:
6130:
6120:
6110:
6100:
6090:
6082:Nyāya Sūtras
6080:
6070:
6060:
6042:
5958:Wittgenstein
5903:Schopenhauer
5782:
5773:Unobservable
5623:Intelligence
5553:
5493:Subjectivism
5488:Spiritualism
5482:
5403:Essentialism
5383:Anti-realism
5309:
5295:
4966:
4957:Postcritique
4947:Kyoto School
4906:Posthumanism
4886:Hermeneutics
4741: /
4682:Contemporary
4658:Newtonianism
4621:Cartesianism
4580:Reductionism
4416:Conservatism
4411:Collectivism
4349:
4077:Sarvāstivadā
4055:Anekantavada
3980:Neoplatonism
3948:Epicureanism
3881:Pythagoreans
3820:Confucianism
3786:Contemporary
3776:Early modern
3680:Anti-realism
3634:Universalism
3591:Subjectivism
3424:
3387:Epistemology
3219:
3210:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3158:
3144:
3117:
3098:
3079:
3055:
3033:
3024:
2997:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2966:
2949:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2907:Chandrakirti
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:
2877:
2856:
2847:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2779:
2766:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2727:. Retrieved
2707:
2699:
2690:
2663:
2657:
2646:
2636:
2625:
2615:
2604:
2594:
2583:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2541:
2532:
2517:
2506:
2494:
2483:
2440:
2433:
2413:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2379:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2345:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2322:the original
2315:
2306:
2295:
2273:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2251:the original
2227:
2221:
2195:
2190:Subjectivity
2023:Alfred Binet
1985:
1975:
1964:
1955:Bardo Thodol
1952:
1944:mind-streams
1939:
1935:
1921:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1880:
1852:
1843:
1835:Yogavasistha
1824:
1820:: sloka 6, 7
1817:Ishopanishad
1815:
1807:
1805:
1774:
1746:
1726:
1703:
1697:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1656:
1638:
1622:
1595:
1578:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1515:(the famous
1512:
1506:
1496:
1478:
1469:neoplatonism
1460:
1456:
1438:
1418:
1397:
1382:res cogitans
1380:
1374:
1357:
1352:John Smybert
1346:Portrait of
1332:epistemology
1328:primary goal
1327:
1323:
1315:
1297:
1289:
1247:
1235:
1222:
1207:
1201:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1000:Nonexistence
904:
895:Reductionism
777:
758:
749:
739:
720:
704:
684:Metaphysical
682:
673:Metaphysical
664:
630:
626:
560:
559:
304:a posteriori
303:
299:
263:
150:Epistemology
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
29:
6990:information
6981:Metaphysics
6955:Tabula rasa
6765:Physicalism
6750:Parallelism
6678:Behaviorism
6635:Michael Tye
6630:Alan Turing
6615:John Searle
6490:Dharmakirti
6465:Tyler Burge
6460:C. D. Broad
6102:Metaphysics
6086:(c. 200 BC)
6076:(c. 350 BC)
6066:(c. 350 BC)
5953:Collingwood
5858:Malebranche
5606:Information
5534:Anima mundi
5513:Type theory
5468:Physicalism
5433:Materialism
5388:Determinism
5359:Metaphysics
4952:Objectivism
4891:Neo-Marxism
4853:Continental
4763:Meta-ethics
4743:Coherentism
4648:Hegelianism
4585:Rationalism
4545:Natural law
4525:Materialism
4451:Historicism
4421:Determinism
4312:Navya-Nyāya
4087:Sautrāntika
4082:Pudgalavada
4018:Vaisheshika
3871:Presocratic
3771:Renaissance
3710:Physicalism
3695:Materialism
3601:Normativity
3586:Objectivism
3571:Emergentism
3561:Behaviorism
3510:Metaphysics
3476:Determinism
3415:Rationalism
2998:Other Minds
2129:Panpsychism
2034:Antiscience
2016:Heinlein's
1788:Upanishadic
1780:non-duality
1693:agnosticism
1645:Karl Popper
1641:falsifiable
1597:Rationalism
1592:Rationalism
1426:omniscience
1422:methodology
1400:Materialism
1376:res extensa
1363:materialism
1320:abstraction
1250:presocratic
1202:necessarily
1087:Kierkegaard
1052:Baudrillard
1015:of nihilism
1005:Nothingness
960:God is dead
860:Determinism
845:Agnosticism
791:Main points
766:rationalism
655:other minds
621:; from
360:Rationality
335:Information
249:Rationalism
209:Fallibilism
189:Coherentism
78:"Solipsism"
18:Solipsistic
7041:Categories
7026:Task Force
6994:perception
6868:Artificial
6818:Creativity
6740:Nondualism
6640:Vasubandhu
6560:John Locke
6530:David Hume
6485:Andy Clark
6162:Monadology
6096:(c. 80 BC)
5803:Parmenides
5688:Perception
5586:Experience
5473:Relativism
5448:Naturalism
5398:Enactivism
5251:Amerindian
5158:Australian
5097:Vietnamese
5077:Indonesian
4626:Kantianism
4575:Positivism
4565:Pragmatism
4540:Naturalism
4520:Liberalism
4498:Subjective
4436:Empiricism
4340:Avicennism
4285:Bhedabheda
4169:East Asian
4092:Madhyamaka
4072:Abhidharma
3938:Pyrrhonism
3705:Nominalism
3700:Naturalism
3629:Skepticism
3619:Relativism
3609:Absolutism
3538:Naturalism
3448:Deontology
3420:Skepticism
3405:Naturalism
3395:Empiricism
3359:Aesthetics
3263:Philosophy
3120:. Leipzig.
2729:22 October
2460:2008053026
2396:19 January
2362:19 January
2214:References
1971:M. Gardner
1932:Ratnakīrti
1916:Madhyamaka
1912:Prasangika
1717:In infants
1711:world view
1689:minimalism
1680:Minimalism
1613:sense-data
1430:scientific
1308:perceiving
1264: 483
1127:navigation
1123:philosophy
1117:This is a
1072:Dostoevsky
900:Skepticism
885:Presentism
870:Nominalism
774:skepticism
772:to assist
762:empiricism
667:skepticism
618:-ip-siz-əm
470:David Hume
330:Experience
259:Skepticism
254:Relativism
244:Pragmatism
234:Naturalism
229:Infinitism
204:Empiricism
89:newspapers
7067:Solipsism
6890:Intuition
6823:Cognition
6787:Solipsism
6450:Ned Block
6420:Armstrong
6415:Aristotle
6322:Teleology
6287:Mereology
6267:Cosmology
6126:(c. 1000)
6023:Plantinga
6013:Armstrong
5963:Heidegger
5938:Whitehead
5923:Nietzsche
5843:Descartes
5813:Aristotle
5768:Universal
5698:Principle
5668:Necessity
5628:Intention
5581:Existence
5544:Causality
5483:Solipsism
5413:Free will
5130:Pakistani
5092:Taiwanese
5039:Ethiopian
5012:By region
4998:By region
4813:Scientism
4808:Systemics
4668:Spinozism
4595:Socialism
4530:Modernism
4493:Objective
4401:Anarchism
4335:Averroism
4224:Christian
4176:Neotaoism
4147:Zurvanism
4137:Mithraism
4132:Mazdakism
3903:Cyrenaics
3830:Logicians
3463:Free will
3425:Solipsism
3372:Formalism
3126:cite book
3078:(1988) .
2839:170761905
2831:1529-1898
2084:Externism
1961:Criticism
1792:Gaudapada
1757:Upanishad
1674:conscious
1493:Leibniz's
1465:ephemeral
1441:idealists
1119:subseries
1092:Nietzsche
1082:Heidegger
1022:Vagueness
930:Amorality
925:Ambiguity
905:Solipsism
880:Pessimism
840:Absurdism
661:Varieties
647:knowledge
561:Solipsism
445:Aristotle
350:Knowledge
345:Induction
320:Certainty
264:Solipsism
199:Dogmatism
7057:Idealism
7011:Category
6858:Identity
6801:Concepts
6671:Theories
6655:Zhuangzi
6585:Alva Noë
6340:Category
6262:Axiology
6116:(c. 270)
6044:more ...
5998:Anscombe
5993:Strawson
5988:Davidson
5883:Berkeley
5823:Plotinus
5784:more ...
5723:Relation
5703:Property
5678:Ontology
5601:Identity
5522:Concepts
5453:Nihilism
5418:Idealism
5366:Theories
5316:Category
5271:Yugoslav
5261:Romanian
5168:Scottish
5153:American
5082:Japanese
5062:Buddhist
5044:Africana
5034:Egyptian
4876:Feminist
4798:Rawlsian
4793:Quietism
4691:Analytic
4643:Krausism
4550:Nihilism
4515:Kokugaku
4478:Absolute
4473:Idealism
4461:Humanism
4249:Occamism
4216:European
4161:Medieval
4107:Yogacara
4067:Buddhist
4060:Syādvāda
3943:Stoicism
3908:Cynicism
3896:Sophists
3891:Atomists
3886:Eleatics
3825:Legalism
3766:Medieval
3690:Idealism
3644:Ontology
3624:Nihilism
3528:Idealism
3286:Branches
3275:Branches
3188:(1996).
3157:(1974).
2892:14 April
2139:Phaneron
2029:Anathema
1994:See also
1924:Yogacara
1905:Mahayana
1883:illusion
1877:Buddhism
1867:Prakriti
1831:Vedantic
1813:—
1743:Hinduism
1575:Idealism
1481:Dualists
1459:or ἰδέα
1409:ontogeny
1405:ontology
1367:idealism
1338:Berkeley
1300:thinking
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