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hybrids. In the early 1980s, these patterns caught the attention of North
American drummers who, as a result, were now able to appreciate the clave-based structure underlying funk. North American drummers in turn adopted songo ideas into various jazz and funk inventions of their own. The fluidly
750:
Many Latin musicians have described the songo as a very soulful type of music; for instance Juan
Formell (leader of Los Van Van) says that "it is the synthesis of a personality, of a way of being and feeling the music, a sum of cultures and a way of making a musician into someone polyfacetic and
830:
Songo represented a major breakthrough in Latin music by introducing the drumset into the standard percussion triumvirate of congas, timbales and bongos ... the songo rhythm finally put the drumset on equal footing with the other instruments” (Goines and Ameen
674:. The right hand is typically played on a closed hi-hat, woodblock, or cowbell. The left hand is typically played on the snare rim, snare, cowbell(s), or toms. The left hand portion of the pattern is expressed in a wide variety of melodic motifs, and timbres. See:
638:
hybrid, which can be anything from standard timbales with kick, to a full drum kit augmented with timbales, woodblock, and various cowbells. Songo was the first Cuban popular dance rhythm to blend rumba and North
American
737:, and Los Papines from Havana. Not only is songo percussion heavily influenced by rumba, but the syncopated quality of the singing and other melodic elements reflect more rumba influence than heard in earlier genres. The
751:
original." Cuban drummers often stress that songo is not a particular rhythm, but rather, a particular rhythmic approach. However, these same drummers will usually demonstrate the basic stick part shown above. See:
589:, which drew from the deep well of Afro-Cuban folkloric rhythms (mainly rumba). During the 1970s, many Cuban bands created their own original rhythms: Los Van Van invented songo; Orquesta Ritmo Oriental—
666:
is an embellishment of the
Matanzas-style cáscara pattern for guaguancó, traditionally played on a guagua (hollowed piece of bamboo). In both patterns the right hand (lower notes) plays the four main
578:-based structure which had dominated popular music in Cuba since the 1940s. Blas Egües was the first drummer in Los Van Van, but it was the band's second drummer, José Luis Quintana "
690:
style. The feeling of the high drum part is like the quinto in rumba, constantly punctuating, coloring, and accenting, but not soloing until the appropriate moment (Santos 1985).
761:
v. 6 (1980) Juan
Formell took the unusual step of adding trombones to his charanga format. Orquesta Revé did the same during the time. "Tú tranquilo" has four interlocking
777:
refers generally to the rumba-influenced music of Cuban bands during the 1970s, and the conga and timbales parts shown above. These bands were, for the most part,
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evolved from songo. Most timba bands are horn-based rather than charanga-based. It is also very popular in
Spanish Christian Pentecostal churches.
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elements into the rhythmic mix. The horn-based Puerto Rican bands
Batacumbele and Zaperoko also refer to their style of music as
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Basic form of songo tumbadoras part. Triangle notehead: high-pitched drum slap; regular noteheads: high and low drum open tones..
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The rhythmic inventions in songo, share similarities with the contemporaneous inventions by folkloric rumba groups such as
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on the high-pitched drum. The quinto-like phrases can continually change, but they are based upon a specific counter-
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34:
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changing patterns of songo offer a more complex palate of rhythmic textures for jazz than the "angular"
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Beyond Salsa Piano: The Cuban Timba
Revolution; v 10: César “Pupy” Pedroso; The Music of Los Van Van
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Songo is the most famous of the post-Revolution Cuban rhythms, beginning with the
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Beyond Salsa
Percussion v. 3, Calixto Oviedo; Drums and Timbales: Timba Gears
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Moore, Kevin (2011). "The Roots of Timba, Part II; Clave and the
Backbeat"
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1141:"The Roots of Timba, Part II; Juan Formell y Los Van Van" (Kevin Moore).
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Warner Brothers VHS video (1996). Quintana, José Luis "Changuito" (1998)
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in the early 1970s. Songo incorporated rhythmic elements from folkloric
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603:, after the "funky," folkloric proto-son music of the 19th century.
582:", who developed songo into the world-wide phenomenon it is today.
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into popular dance music, and was a significant departure from the
1303:
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http://www.timba.com/encyclopedia_pages/juan-formell-y-los-van-van
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http://www.timba.com/encyclopedia_pages/the-clave-and-the-backbeat
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Guilfoyle, Conor (2006). "Songo in 7," Songo in 9," Songo in 5,"
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1131:"The Roots of Timba, Part II; The Songo Enigma" (Kevin Moore).
1001:
Peñalosa, David (2010) p. 142-144. Redway, CA: Bembe Books.
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Funkifying the Clave; Afro-Cuban Grooves for Bass and Drums
1137:
http://www.timba.com/encyclopedia_pages/the-songo-enigma
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Odd Meter Clave; Expanding the Rhythmic Language of Cuba
686:
This relationship between the drums is derived from the
968:
Peñalosa (2010). "Applying the Quinto Lock to Songo,"
797:. The main exception was the horn-based supergroup
747:melodies) are often built upon offbeat patterns.
710:on the low-pitched drum, while replicating the
702:In several songo arrangements, the tumbadora ('
835:When played on a drum kit, songo patterns are
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8:
753:"Basic Songo for Drum Kit" (Ignacio Berroa).
1127:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzYXM8j7NTA
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890:Changuito: A Master's Approach to Timbales
622:were expanded with the addition of a kick
597:, and Orquesta Revé named their invention—
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1083:Goines, Lincoln, and Robby Ameen (1990).
913:p. 114-116. Lanham, MA: Scarecrow Press.
911:Origins of Cuban Music and Dance; Changüí
765:: two keyboards, violins, and trombones.
676:"Songo Patterns on Drum Kit" (Changuito).
1039:Mastering the Art of Afro-Cuban Drumming
1121:"Songo Patterns on Drums - Changuito."
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724:"Songo Patterns on Congas" (Changuito).
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1183:Cuban musical forms, genres and styles
1070:Cruz, Tomás, and Kevin Moore (2004).
7:
606:Songo is a precursor of present-day
1041:. Warner Brothers VHS video (1995).
773:As used in North America, the term
634:. Songo uses a Cuban-style timbale/
1021:p. 217. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music.
821:and rumba all intersect in songo.
14:
1087:p. 15. New York: Manhattan Music.
972:p. 141. Redway, CA: Bembe Books.
884:Quintana, José Luis "Changuito".
864:The funky rhythms of present-day
349:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
1072:The Tomás Cruz Conga Method v. 1
1074:p. 37-43. Pacific, MO: Mel Bay.
1100:p. 18, 28, 48. Advance Music.
988:Santos, John (1985). “Songo,”
1:
793:), although some bands added
1054:p. 1. Moore Music/Timb.com.
729:Charanga with a rumba "feel"
670:, while the left hand plays
392:Aruba and the Dutch Antilles
16:Genre of popular Cuban music
706:') part sounds the typical
593:; Orquesta Tipica Juventud—
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852:rhythms typically used in
735:Los Muñequitos de Matanzas
658:Basic songo stick pattern.
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936:. Santa Cruz, CA: Moore.
492:St Vincent and Grenadines
1050:Moore Kevin (2011: 39).
1017:Mauleón, Rebeca (1993).
892:. Alfred Publishing Co.
813:(Batacumbele, featuring
990:Modern Drummer Magazine
650:Matanzas-style cáscara.
562:, created by the group
1335:Music of Latin America
860:The precursor of timba
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699:
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558:is a genre of popular
1330:Cuban styles of music
932:Moore, Kevin (2010).
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662:The most basic songo
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324:Media and performance
909:Lapidus, Ben (2008)
825:Funkifying the clave
769:North American usage
1019:The Salsa Guidebook
502:Trinidad and Tobago
387:Antigua and Barbuda
787:string instruments
700:
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626:, and sometimes a
482:St Kitts and Nevis
432:Dominican Republic
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1037:Berroa, Ignacio.
992:. December p. 44.
919:978-0-8108-6204-3
898:978-0-7692-1435-1
886:History of Songo.
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333:Music awards
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1294:son montuno
1199:cha-cha-chá
759:Los Van Van
572:son montuno
564:Los Van Van
560:Cuban music
477:Puerto Rico
364:La Bayamesa
145:Nueva trova
94:Contradanza
79:Cha-cha-chá
1324:Categories
1264:mozambique
1060:146096540X
872:References
854:Latin jazz
681:Tumbadoras
628:snare drum
595:bata cinco
591:nueva onda
587:mozambique
472:Montserrat
467:Martinique
442:Guadeloupe
191:batá-rumba
140:Mozambique
96:(habanera)
1239:guaguancó
1229:danzonete
1143:Timba.com
1133:Timba.com
954:Timba.com
811:"En vivo"
795:trombones
716:guaguancó
643:rhythms.
624:bass drum
580:Changuito
517:Venezuela
462:Louisiana
179:guaguancó
1269:pachanga
1254:habanera
1244:guaracha
1209:columbia
781:-based (
779:charanga
745:ostinato
672:offbeats
636:drum kit
620:timbales
614:Timbales
497:Suriname
487:St Lucia
427:Dominica
402:Barbados
382:Anguilla
271:Santería
183:columbia
150:Pachanga
125:Guaracha
115:Descarga
84:Charanga
1249:guajira
1219:criolla
1204:changüí
1145:. Web.
1135:. Web.
1125:. Web.
1123:YouTube
956:. Web.
839:-based
809:. [See
799:Irakere
763:guajeos
740:guajeos
600:changüí
457:Jamaica
437:Grenada
422:Curaçao
412:Bonaire
407:Bermuda
397:Bahamas
292:Changüí
205:montuno
130:Hip hop
120:Guajira
105:Cubatón
100:Criolla
74:Canción
1279:pregón
1224:danzón
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831:1990).
789:, and
712:quinto
708:tumbao
632:hi-hat
447:Guyana
307:Nengón
302:Kiribá
261:Makuta
246:Abakuá
160:Pregón
110:Danzón
64:Bolero
59:Bakosó
41:Genres
1309:yambú
1304:timba
1299:songo
1274:pilón
1259:mambo
1234:filin
1214:conga
866:timba
850:mambo
841:rumba
837:clave
807:songo
783:flute
775:songo
720:clave
704:conga
688:rumba
668:beats
608:timba
576:mambo
568:rumba
556:Songo
452:Haiti
256:Iyesá
251:Arará
221:Trova
216:Timba
211:Songo
187:yambú
175:Rumba
155:Pilón
135:Mambo
89:Conga
68:filin
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845:funk
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266:Palo
170:Rock
49:Afro
1289:son
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