53:
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by the
Authority of the same That the most Excellent Princess Sophia Electress and Dutchess Dowager of Hannover Daughter of the most Excellent Princess Elizabeth late Queen of Bohemia Daughter of our late Sovereign Lord King James the First of happy Memory be and is hereby declared to be the next in Succession in the Protestant Line to the Imperiall Crown and Dignity of the forsaid Realms of England France and Ireland with the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging after His Majesty and the Princess Anne of Denmark and in Default of Issue of the said Princess Anne and of His Majesty respectively.
762:, who would have become James III and VIII and to deny the throne to the many other Roman Catholics and spouses of Roman Catholics who held a claim. The act restricts the British throne to the "Protestant heirs" of Sophia of Hanover who had never been Roman Catholic or married a Roman Catholic. In 1711, the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland recommended that its congregations pray regularly "for the Princess Sophia, Electoress and Duchess Dowager of Hanover, and the Protestant line in that family, upon whom the succession to the crown of these dominions is by law established".
741:, which declared that in the event of no legitimate issue from Anne or William III, the crowns of England and Ireland were to settle upon "the most excellent princess Sophia, electress and duchess-dowager of Hanover" and "the heirs of her body, being Protestant". Scotland being a separate state in international law at the time, this did not mean she would also succeed Anne as Queen of Scotland, which led to a succession crisis and eventually to the Treaty of Union between Scotland and England in 1706/07. The key excerpt from the Act, naming Sophia as heir presumptive, reads:
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463:
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770:, but the proposal was denied, as such action would mortally offend Anne, who was strongly opposed to a rival court in her kingdom. Anne might have been aware that Sophia, who was active and lively despite her old age, could cut a better figure than herself. Sophia was completely uncertain of what would happen after Anne's death, saying: "What Parliament does one day, it undoes the next."
722:. By this time, given the ailing William III's reluctance to remarry, the inclusion of Sophia in the line of succession was becoming more likely because she was a Protestant, as was her son. Her candidature was aided by the fact that she had grown up in the Netherlands close to William III and was able to converse fluently with him in Dutch, his native tongue.
773:
When the law was passed in mid-1701, Sophia at age 70, five of her children from ages 35 to 41, and three legitimate grandchildren from ages 14 to 18, were alive. Although Sophia was 35 years older than Anne, she was very fit and healthy, and invested time and energy in securing the succession either
753:
and
Commons in this present Parliament assembled do beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted and declared and be it enacted and declared by the Kings most Excellent Majesty by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons in this present Parliament assembled and
682:
Sophia was absent for almost a year, 1664–65, during a long holiday with Ernest
Augustus in Italy. She corresponded regularly with her sons' governess and took a great interest in her sons' upbringing, even more so on her return. After Sophia's tour, she bore Ernest Augustus another four sons and a
765:
Some
British politicians attempted several times to bring Sophia to England in order to enable her to assume government immediately in the event of Anne's death. It was argued that such a course was necessary to ensure Sophia's succession, for Anne's Roman Catholic half-brother was significantly
595:
while he was librarian at the Court of
Hanover. Their friendship lasted from 1676 until her death in 1714. This friendship resulted in a substantial correspondence, first published in the 19th century (Klopp 1973), that reveals Sophia to have been a woman of exceptional intellectual ability and
52:
726:
694:(who was not of royal birth and to whom Sophia referred as "mouse dirt mixed among the pepper") and concerned by Sophia Dorothea's legitimated status, but was eventually won over by the financial advantages inherent in the marriage.
853:, Electoral Princess of Hanover. Sophia was 83, a very advanced age for the era. Queen Anne died less than two months later on 1 August 1714 at the age of 49. Had Sophia survived Anne, she would have been the oldest person to
3041:
429:
Sophia instead married Prince Ernest
Augustus, her third cousin, in 1658. Despite his temper and frequent absences, Sophia loved him and bore him seven children who survived to adulthood. Born a landless
541:
Before her marriage, Sophia, as the daughter of
Frederick V, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, was referred to as Sophie, Princess Palatine of the Rhine, or as Sophia of the Palatinate. The
1416:
438:
raised to electoral dignity in 1692. As a result, Princess Sophia became
Electress of Hanover, the title by which she is best remembered. A patron of the arts, Sophia commissioned
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522:
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227:
565:
3036:
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1949:
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daughter. In her letters, Sophia describes her eldest son as a responsible, conscientious child who set an example to his younger brothers and sisters.
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in the
Berggarten of Herrenhausen Gardens, into which the remains of Sophia were removed in 1957, from their original burial site in the chapel of
2852:
745:
Therefore for a further
Provision of the Succession of the Crown in the Protestant Line We Your Majesties most dutifull and Loyall Subjects the
1402:
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3116:
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Luise, on 5 June 1714 Sophia felt ill after receiving an angry letter from Queen Anne. Three days later, on 8 June, she was walking in the
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1983:
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183:
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371:, to the British throne, and the succession to the throne has since been defined as, and composed entirely of, Sophia's legitimate and
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481:, also known as the "Winter King and Queen of Bohemia" for their short rule in that country, Sophia was born in The Wassenaer Hof,
478:
883:
in Hanover, as were her husband and their son George I. After the destruction of the palace and its chapel during World War II by
623:
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222:
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only came into existence in 1707) nationality to Sophia's non-Roman Catholic descendants; those who had obtained the right to
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953:
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363:. Sophia died less than two months before she would have become Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. Consequently, her son
324:
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when she ran to shelter from a sudden downpour of rain and collapsed and died in the arms of her granddaughter-in-law
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521:, but she rebuffed his advances as she thought he was using her in order to get money from her mother's supporter,
35:
3026:
2181:
1844:
861:
729:
Sophia as dowager Electress of Hanover, around the time she was proclaimed heir presumptive of the British crown.
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364:
774:
for herself or her son. There are more than 5,000 legitimate descendants of Sophia, although not all are in the
3021:
2188:
1496:
1073:
841:, Sophia enjoyed much better health. According to the Countess of BĂĽckeburg in a letter to Sophia's niece, the
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Refiguring revolutions: aesthetics and politics from the English revolution to the Romantic revolution
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in her place and within two months succeeded Anne as George I of Great Britain. Sophia's daughter
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2526:"Acts: 1711 Pages 450-459 Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1638-1842"
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2699:
2663:"The UK is still handing passports to the descendants of a 17th Century German aristocrat"
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1708:
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2348:"Sam Sloan's Big Combined Family Trees - pafg749 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File"
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Sophia, dressed as an indigenous American. Painted by her sister (circa 1644),
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Charles Philip of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1669–1690), colonel in the Imperial Army
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714:, the Netherlands. This happened two months after the death of his nephew
2234:
247:
2625:
Picknett, Lynn; Prince, Clive; Prior, Stephen; Brydon, Robert (2002).
758:
Sophia was made next in line to cut off a claim by the Roman Catholic
402:, where her family had sought refuge after the sequestration of their
795:
767:
766:
closer to London than was Sophia. The Electress was eager to move to
510:
2736:
Sophia of Hanover, From Winter Princess to Heiress of Great Britain
2393:
Sophia of Hanover: From Winter Princess to Heiress of Great Britain
786:
c. 16) granted the right of British (or more correctly English, as
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Sophia was, at first, against the marriage of her son George and
2841:
670:
Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg, Duke of York and Albany
537:
Sophia, Princess Palatine, and Electress of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
331:
from 19 December 1692 until 23 January 1698 as the consort of
2756:
2496:
Parliament, policy, and politics in the reign of William III
876:, from whom the later Prussian and German monarchs descend.
2627:
War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy
422:
also went into exile and Sophia was courted by her cousin,
2644:"Prince Ernest of Hanover v. Attorney General (1955-1957)"
2532:. Edinburgh Printing & Publishing Co, Edinburgh, 1843
604:. Together with Ernest Augustus she greatly improved the
580:. Ernest Augustus was a second cousin of Sophia's mother
414:
was restored as elector in the Palatinate as part of the
608:, and she was the guiding spirit in the creation of the
3042:
Burials at Berggarten Mausoleum, Herrenhausen (Hanover)
887:, their remains were moved into the mausoleum of King
398:, daughter of King James VI and I. She grew up in the
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891:in the Berggarten of Herrenhausen Gardens in 1957.
493:. Through her mother, she was the granddaughter of
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489:, where her parents had fled into exile after the
2743:Correspondance de Leibniz avec l'Ă©lectrice Sophie
2327:Memoirs of Sophia, Electress of Hanover 1630-1680
666:Christian Henry of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1671–1703)
620:Sophia had seven children who reached adulthood:
2750:Sophie de Hanovre, memoires et lettres de voyage
2440:Sophie de Hanovre: mémoires et lettres de voyage
2389:Sophie de Hanovre, mémoires et lettres de voyage
509:. At birth, Sophia was granted an annuity of 40
2586:. Manchester University Press ND. p. 236.
2409:"Cavendish, Richard. "Sophia of Hanover Dies",
743:
238:Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany
228:Prince Maximilian William of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
702:In September 1700, Sophia met her cousin King
2853:
2453:. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 26–28.
2366:"Sophia of Hanover Dies | History Today"
1410:
596:curiosity. She was well-read in the works of
8:
2720:Israel, Johnathan I. Radical Enlightenment.
860:Upon Sophia's death, her eldest son Elector
323:3 October] 1630 – 8 June [
2690:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2500:. Manchester University Press ND. pp.
2403:
2401:
690:, looking down on Sophia Dorothea's mother
584:, as they were both great-grandchildren of
566:Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
2860:
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2771:
2557:. University of California Press. p.
2329:, translated by H. Forester (London, 1888)
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1403:
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517:. Sophia was courted by her first cousin,
434:, Ernest Augustus succeeded in having the
51:
42:
3122:Children of Frederick V of the Palatinate
1424: Family tree of the shift from the
679:Three of her sons were killed in battle.
367:succeeded her first cousin once removed,
645:Maximilian William of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
612:surrounding the palace, where she died.
473:The twelfth child and fifth daughter of
3037:Heirs presumptive to the British throne
3032:Heirs presumptive to the English throne
2339:
837:Although considerably older than Queen
198: 1658; died 1698)
2629:. Mainstream Publishing. p. 206.
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591:Sophia became a friend and admirer of
27:Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698
2792:Duchess consort of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
2785:Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate
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1199:
1196:James VI of Scotland and I of England
1193:
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1167:
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86:Duchess consort of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
7:
2973:Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale
2391:, Paris, Fayard, 1990; J.N. Duggan,
794:via this Act at any time before its
446:and sponsored philosophers, such as
879:Sophia was buried in the chapel of
468:Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate
184:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
716:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
582:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
564:On 30 September 1658, she married
557:, whose Catholic branch ruled the
233:Sophia Charlotte, Queen in Prussia
25:
2950:Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2932:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2897:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2584:Lord Somers: a political portrait
627:Electress Sophia and her daughter
317:Princess Sophia of the Palatinate
110:Princess Sophia of the Palatinate
3072:18th-century people from Bohemia
3062:17th-century people from Bohemia
2912:
2906:
802:retain this lawful right today.
733:A year after their meeting, the
418:. During this time, the English
302:
3077:18th-century women from Bohemia
3067:17th-century women from Bohemia
3047:Duchesses of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
572:, who in 1692 became the first
223:George I, King of Great Britain
195:
2582:Sachse, William Lewis (1975).
954:Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
903:Ancestors of Sophia of Hanover
780:Sophia Naturalization Act 1705
333:Prince-Elector Ernest Augustus
1:
2706:. London: Thames and Hudson.
2413:, Vol. 64 Issue 6, June 2014"
1348:Sophie of Mecklenburg-GĂĽstrow
1012:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
817:and the Great Garden, ca 1708
815:Summer Palace of Herrenhausen
641:(1661–1690), Imperial General
475:Frederick V of the Palatinate
359:, as a granddaughter of King
273:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
3007:Princesses of the Palatinate
2828:Electress consort of Hanover
2661:Donovan, Ned (9 June 2021).
1132:Sophia, Electress of Hanover
800:British Nationality Act 1948
68:Electress consort of Hanover
3117:Mothers of British monarchs
3102:English patrons of the arts
3097:17th-century English people
3082:18th-century British people
3017:House of Palatinate-Simmern
2801:Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse
2175:James Francis Edward Stuart
1847:Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg
1048:William I, Prince of Orange
870:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
760:James Francis Edward Stuart
692:Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse
327:28 May] 1714) was
32:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
3138:
3092:17th-century English women
3087:18th-century British women
2944:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
2738:; London, Peter Owen, 2010
2704:George I: Elector and King
2451:George I: Elector and King
2395:, London, Peter Owen, 2010
1995:Duke of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
1263:
1170:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
1147:
1021:
928:Louis VI, Elector Palatine
915:
718:, son of the future Queen
674:prince-bishop of OsnabrĂĽck
212:
36:Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
29:
3107:Czech patrons of the arts
2965:
2904:
2869:Royal consorts of Hanover
2825:
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1091:
1083:
1055:
1033:
1029:
993:
971:
963:
935:
919:
855:ascend the British throne
633:George I of Great Britain
50:
2886:Sophia of the Palatinate
2679:J. N. Duggan, Chapter 13
2428:11th ed. (1911), vol. 25
2018:(No legitimate children)
1497:Christian III of Denmark
1074:Louise Juliana of Nassau
688:Sophia Dorothea of Celle
586:Christian III of Denmark
491:Battle of White Mountain
30:Not to be confused with
3012:Nobility from The Hague
2956:Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
2764:Encyclopædia Britannica
2748:Van der Cruysse, Dirk;
2722:Oxford University Press
2492:Horwitz, Henry (1977).
2438:van der Cruysse, Dirk.
2426:Encyclopædia Britannica
1603:Frederick II of Denmark
1290:Frederick II of Denmark
862:George Louis of Hanover
847:gardens of Herrenhausen
319:; 14 October [
3052:Electresses of Hanover
2767:(11th ed.). 1911.
2551:Sharpe, Kevin (1998).
2530:British History Online
2387:Dirk van der Cruysse,
2292:Predeceased his mother
874:Frederick I of Prussia
834:
818:
756:
739:Act of Settlement 1701
730:
704:William III of England
628:
538:
470:
357:Act of Settlement 1701
2969:British queen consort
2938:Caroline of Brunswick
2752:; Paris, Fayard, 1990
824:
813:
735:Parliament of England
728:
626:
559:Electorate of Bavaria
536:
519:Charles II of England
465:
424:Charles II of England
2745:. Hanover, 1864–1875
1588:Mary, Queen of Scots
1228:Mary, Queen of Scots
1106:Charlotte of Bourbon
872:(1668–1705) married
672:(1674–1728), became
651:in the Imperial Army
610:Herrenhausen Gardens
555:House of Wittelsbach
335:. She was later the
329:Electress of Hanover
142:Herrenhausen Gardens
59:Gerard van Honthorst
3057:Bohemian princesses
2891:Caroline of Ansbach
2814:Caroline of Ansbach
2741:Klopp, Onno (ed.),
1718:Dorothea of Denmark
885:Allied aerial raids
864:(1660–1727) became
851:Caroline of Ansbach
792:British citizenship
698:Heiress presumptive
606:Herrenhausen Palace
523:Lord William Craven
440:Herrenhausen Palace
416:Peace of Westphalia
410:. Sophia's brother
378:Sophia was born in
337:heiress presumptive
170:Herrenhausen Palace
95:18 December 1679 –
77:19 December 1692 –
3112:Daughters of kings
2810:Title next held by
2798:Served alongside:
2482:Hatton, pp. 36, 42
2288:Duke of Gloucester
1986:Elector of Hanover
986:Elisabeth of Hesse
835:
825:Mausoleum of King
819:
776:line of succession
731:
639:Frederick Augustus
629:
539:
513:by the Estates of
471:
339:to the thrones of
253:Palatinate-Simmern
18:Sophia of Hannover
2992:Sophia of Hanover
2979:
2978:
2836:
2835:
2796:1679–1698
2615:Hatton, pp. 75–76
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
889:Ernest Augustus I
827:Ernest Augustus I
593:Gottfried Leibniz
553:senior branch of
448:Gottfried Leibniz
408:Thirty Years' War
310:
309:
16:(Redirected from
3129:
3027:House of Hanover
2916:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2782:Preceded by
2772:
2768:
2760:
2717:
2700:Hatton, Ragnhild
2691:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2447:Hatton, Ragnhild
2443:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2344:
1984:Ernest Augustus,
1966:James VII and II
1830:Elizabeth Stuart
1437:
1436:
1430:House of Hanover
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1254:Elizabeth Stuart
909:
900:
866:heir presumptive
806:Death and legacy
747:Lords Spirituall
659:Queen in Prussia
655:Sophia Charlotte
479:Elizabeth Stuart
436:House of Hanover
388:Elector Palatine
306:
283:Elizabeth Stuart
216:
199:
197:
138:
118:
116:
98:
80:
55:
43:
21:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3022:House of Stuart
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2961:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2876:Electresses of
2871:
2866:
2831:
2811:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2776:German nobility
2755:
2734:Duggan, J. N.,
2731:
2729:Further reading
2714:
2698:
2695:
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2432:
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2407:
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2399:
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2377:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2323:
2290:
2287:
2286:Prince William,
2190:
2189:Sophia Dorothea
1994:
1993:George William,
1985:
1975:
1951:
1846:
1710:
1426:House of Stuart
1423:
1394:
1316:Anne of Denmark
897:
808:
751:Lords Temporall
700:
618:
531:
460:
392:King of Bohemia
255:
242:
210:
209:
201:
193:
189:
186:
173:
168:
166:
156:
140:
136:
120:
119:14 October 1630
114:
112:
111:
97:23 January 1698
96:
79:23 January 1698
78:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3135:
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2824:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2758:"Sophia"
2753:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2712:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2672:
2653:
2635:
2617:
2608:
2606:Sachse, p. 309
2599:
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2567:
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2028:
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2024:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1952:Princess Royal
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
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1698:
1696:
1694:James VI and I
1691:
1689:
1687:
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1120:
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922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
905:
904:
898:
896:
893:
807:
804:
784:4 & 5 Ann.
708:Het Loo Palace
699:
696:
677:
676:
667:
664:
661:
652:
642:
636:
617:
614:
602:Baruch Spinoza
598:René Descartes
530:
527:
507:personal union
495:James VI and I
487:Dutch Republic
459:
456:
400:Dutch Republic
361:James VI and I
308:
307:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
275:
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266:
265:
250:
244:
243:
241:
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219:
217:
203:
202:
191:
187:
182:
181:
179:
175:
174:
157:
153:
149:
148:
139:(aged 83)
133:
129:
128:
126:Dutch Republic
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
93:
89:
88:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3134:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
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3110:
3108:
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3100:
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3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
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2990:
2989:
2987:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2957:
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2936:
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2927:
2925:
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2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
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2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2863:
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2856:
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2829:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2713:0-500-25060-X
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2667:New Statesman
2664:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2648:heraldica.org
2645:
2638:
2636:9781840186314
2632:
2628:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2593:0-7190-0604-X
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2568:0-520-20920-6
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2511:0-7190-0661-9
2507:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2473:Hatton, p. 29
2470:
2467:
2462:
2460:0-500-25060-X
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2411:History Today
2404:
2402:
2398:
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2390:
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2375:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2353:
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2311:
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2293:
2289:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2213:
2212:(No children)
2205:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2140:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2114:
2103:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2019:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1874:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1831:
1824:
1804:
1801:
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1604:
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1566:
1558:
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1174:
1171:
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1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
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788:Great Britain
785:
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657:(1668–1705),
656:
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649:field marshal
647:(1666–1726),
646:
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637:
634:
631:
630:
625:
621:
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427:
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417:
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412:Charles Louis
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
375:descendants.
374:
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366:
362:
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349:Great Britain
346:
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2602:
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2553:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2529:
2520:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2410:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:Uglow, p 20.
2374:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2326:
2291:
2232:
2211:
2112:
2017:
1973:
1972:
1456:
1131:
881:Leine Palace
878:
859:
836:
831:Leine Palace
772:
764:
757:
744:
732:
701:
685:
681:
678:
619:
590:
563:
540:
472:
428:
377:
316:
312:
311:
258:Cadet branch
211:
159:Leine Palace
137:(1714-06-08)
57:Portrait by
40:
3002:1714 deaths
2997:1630 births
2724:, 2001, 84.
2154:William III
737:passed the
635:(1660–1727)
452:John Toland
406:during the
386:, formerly
384:Frederick V
262:Wittelsbach
155:9 June 1714
135:8 June 1714
2986:Categories
2922:Queens of
2832:1692–1698
2536:30 January
2352:anusha.com
2334:References
1976:of Hanover
1959:Charles II
1711:of Denmark
843:Raugravine
570:Heidelberg
547:Palatinate
497:, king of
458:Early life
404:Electorate
373:Protestant
369:Queen Anne
355:under the
115:1630-10-14
2822:New title
2307:George II
1823:Charles I
833:, Hanover
712:Apeldoorn
551:Calvinist
549:were the
515:Friesland
483:The Hague
396:Elizabeth
380:The Hague
299:Signature
293:Calvinism
172:, Hanover
122:The Hague
2702:(1978).
2449:(1978).
2235:Claimant
2191:of Celle
2182:George I
895:Ancestry
543:Electors
529:Marriage
499:Scotland
442:and its
365:George I
345:Scotland
289:Religion
2971:**also
2967:* also
2924:Hanover
2878:Hanover
2161:Mary II
2113:HANOVER
1845:George,
1482:James V
1428:to the
798:by the
578:Hanover
574:Elector
545:of the
511:thalers
503:England
444:gardens
420:Stuarts
353:Ireland
347:(later
341:England
213:more...
200:
192:
188:
163:Hanover
146:Hanover
2807:Vacant
2710:
2633:
2590:
2565:
2508:
2457:
1974:Sophia
1457:STUART
796:repeal
778:. The
768:London
394:, and
351:) and
315:(born
313:Sophia
279:Mother
269:Father
178:Spouse
152:Burial
92:Tenure
74:Tenure
61:, 1650
46:Sophia
2321:Works
1950:Mary,
616:Issue
568:, at
505:in a
432:cadet
248:House
207:Issue
194:(
190:
167:1957
2708:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2563:ISBN
2538:2024
2506:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2168:Anne
1709:Anne
1346:15.
1288:14.
1226:13.
1168:12.
1104:11.
1046:10.
839:Anne
749:and
720:Anne
600:and
501:and
477:and
450:and
390:and
343:and
325:O.S.
321:O.S.
132:Died
107:Born
2502:276
1314:7.
1252:3.
1194:6.
1130:1.
1072:5.
1010:2.
984:9.
952:4.
926:8.
710:in
706:at
576:of
426:.
382:to
260:of
34:or
2988::
2958:**
2952:**
2761:.
2665:.
2646:.
2641:;
2561:.
2559:59
2528:.
2504:.
2444:;
2400:^
2350:.
857:.
588:.
561:.
525:.
485:,
454:.
196:m.
165:;
161:,
144:,
124:,
2946:*
2940:*
2934:*
2899:*
2893:*
2861:e
2854:t
2847:v
2716:.
2669:.
2650:.
2639:.
2596:.
2571:.
2540:.
2514:.
2463:.
2442:.
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2368:.
2354:.
2237:)
2233:(
1418:e
1411:t
1404:v
782:(
264:)
256:(
117:)
113:(
38:.
20:)
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