1210:
Spaniards of the country, the
Chinese mestizos, and the Filipinos shall be admitted with perfect equality as cadets of the military corps; the personal-service tax shall be abolished, or an equal and general tax shall be imposed, to which all the Spaniards shall be subject. This last plan appears to me more advisable, as the poll-tax is already established, and it is not opportune to make a trial of new taxes when it is a question of allowing the country to be governed by itself. Since the annual tribute is unequal, the average shall be taken and shall be fixed, consequently, at fifteen or sixteen reals per whole tribute, or perhaps one peso fuerte annually from each adult tributary person. This regulation will produce an increase in the revenue of 200,000 or 300,000 pesos fuertes, and this sum shall be set aside to give the impulse for the amalgamation of the races, favoring crossed marriages by means of dowries granted to the single women in the following manner. To a Chinese mestizo woman who marries a Filipino shall be given 100 pesos; to a Filipino woman who marries a Chinese mestizo, 100 pesos; to a Chinese mestizo woman who marries a Spaniard, 1,000 pesos; to a Spanish woman who marries a Chinese mestizo, 2,000 pesos; to a Filipino woman who marries a Spaniard, 2,000 pesos; to a Spanish woman who marries a Filipino chief, 3,000 or 4,000 pesos. Some mestizo and Filipino alcaldes-mayor of the provinces shall be appointed. It shall be ordered that when a Filipino chief goes to the house of a Spaniard, he shall seat himself as the latter's equal. In a word, by these and other means, the idea that they and the Castilians are two kinds of distinct races shall be erased from the minds of the natives, and the families shall become related by marriage in such manner that when free of the Castilian dominion should any exalted Filipinos try to expel or enslave our race, they would find it so interlaced with their own that their plan would be practically impossible.
2098:
3100:
290:
2465:
180:
1164:
colony) or
Criollo (Spaniards of pure White blood), who settled in the islands with their families to govern the colony, and the majority of the indigenous population. Some of these individuals married or inter-bred with the indigenous Filipino (Austronesian: native Malay) population while most married only other Spaniards. Their succeeding generation called Insulares (Spaniards or Hispanics born from the islands), became town local officers, and were granted with
884:
3086:
1188:, The Spanish government encouraged foreign merchants to trade with the indigenous population, but they were not given certain privileges such as ownership of land. From this contact, social intercourse between foreign merchants, and indigenous people resulted in a new ethnic group. These group were called Mestizos (mixed-race individuals), who were born from intermarriages of the Spaniards and merchants with the indigenous Filipino (
4269:
705:
2709:
impossible with the attitudes of the
Spaniards towards the Filipinos. The novel, along with its predecessor, was banned in some parts of the Philippines as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish government's abuse and corruption. These novels, along with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aim to address and reform the Spanish system and its issues, led to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual
2445:
41:
896:
908:
4365:
3072:
715:
4147:: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
2566:
2175:, re-instated the language as a compulsory subject to be taught in schools and universities. One of the reasons of change was that she wanted the Philippines to return to its traditional way of life, be bilingual, competitive, wealthy and respected, who can compete in the world economy. The other, was for global employment demands, such as in the
1031:
entitled "The Former
Philippines thru Foreign Eyes", not less than one third of the inhabitants of the island of Luzon were descendants of Spaniards, mixed with varying degrees of South American, Chinese, American Indian and Black African ancestry, and the vast majority of military personnel then had
2708:
The novel's dark political theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying the character Ibarra's resort to solving his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt at reforming the country's system have made no effect and seemed
3438:
The cultural identity of the mestizos was challenged as they became increasingly aware that they were true members of neither the Indio nor the
Chinese community. Increasingly powerful but adrift, they linked with the Spanish mestizos, who were also being challenged because after the Latin American
2135:
was an official language of the country and is the only
Spanish-speaking sovereign nation in Asia. Philippine Spanish was the main spoken language of the country from the beginning of colonial rule in the late 1500s until the first half of the 20th century. It held official status for nearly half a
1209:
It is needful to encourage public instruction in all ways possible, permit newspapers subject to a liberal censure, to establish in Manila a college of medicine, surgery, and pharmacy: in order to break down the barriers that divide the races, and amalgamate them all into one. For that purpose, the
1883:
The
Spanish-Filipino population as a proportion of the provinces widely varied; with as high as 19% of the population of Tondo province (The most populous province and former name of Manila), to Pampanga 13.7%, Cavite at 13%, Laguna 2.28%, Batangas 3%, Bulacan 10.79%, Bataan 16.72%, Ilocos 1.38%,
4123:
dated March 15, 1973 ordered, " that the
Spanish language shall continue to be recognized as an official language in the Philippines while important documents in government files are in the Spanish language and not translated into either English or Pilipino language." Article XIV Section 7 of the
1436:
In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an
Agustinian Friar, in his Two Volume Book: "Estadismo de las islas Filipinas" compiled a census of the Spanish-Philippines based on the tribute counts (Which represented an average family of seven to ten children and two parents, per
879:
in the late 1800s, as
Spanish Filipinos choose to identify themselves as pure native Filipino, as part of establishing a united national identity in the country. During and after the Philippine Revolution, the term "Filipino" included people of all nationalities and race, born in the Philippines.
1163:
in 1821 necessitated the direct government from Spain of the Philippines from that year. Early Spanish settlers were mostly explorers, soldiers, government officials, religious missionaries, and among others, who were born in Spain and Mexico called Peninsulares (Spanish migrants living in the
1892:
40%. According to the 1893 data in the Archdiocese of Manila which administers much of Luzon under it, about 10% of the population was then Spanish-Filipino. Overall the whole Philippines, even including the provinces with no Spanish settlement, as summed up, the average percentage of Spanish
919:
Today, Hispanic Filipinos are found in all social class, from upper wealthy to lower poor disadvantage backgrounds, and from high profiled individuals to ordinary unknown people. They have long integrated into the native communities living their lives as ordinary citizens. However most of the
874:
ancestry). This mixed ethnic group comprises about 2.1% of the current population. However, it had a higher total during the colonial period, forming about 5% during the 1700s. The abrupt decline of Spanish Filipinos as a percentage of the population can be explained by the advent of the
847:, and depending on the specific province in the Philippines, in the late 1700s to early 1800s they formed as much as 19% in the capital city of Manila at formerly named Tondo province, and about 1.38% of the Ilocos region, 2.17% of Cebu or 16.72% of Bataan and other parts of the country.
2155:
Tagalog and English remained as the official languages of the country as they had been in previous constitutions. In 1987, the Tagalog language which was called Filipino was promoted as the main language, a language that was chosen by the former Philippine president
858:) or "Indio" (a word for "Indian" or native people). Those Filipinos of Peninsular, Criollo and Latino backgrounds number about 4,952 people, while those Filipinos who look or have mixed physical appearances from indigenous and white, are descendants from
1091:, including celebrating the same traditions and having their names and surnames, because of the historical legacy inherited from their colonial parent. This legacy goes back to the early periods of colonization in 1521, when the first native Filipinos in
4128:
1023:
Between 1565 and 1898, Hispanics from Latin America and Spain sailed to and from the Philippine Islands. This contributed to the assimilation of Hispanics into everyday society. According to an 1818 study by the renowned German
1245:
3680:
SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, or the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and
2024:"Hispanic Filipino" - People of mixed native Filipino and Spanish or Latino ancestry, or a Spanish-speaking Filipino, Hispanicized Filipino, Peninsular, Criollo, or a person of Latin American descent living on the islands.
3439:
revolutions broke the Spanish Empire, many of the settlers from the New World, Caucasian Creoles born in Mexico or Peru, became suspect in the eyes of the Iberian Spanish. The Spanish Empire had lost its universality.
2270:
Spanish is now spoken mostly by Hispanic Filipinos and educated Filipinos; most Spanish Filipinos speak Spanish as a second or third language as they shifted to English and Tagalog and/or other regional languages.
1015:
having laid the groundwork in 1934 for public education to be conducted in English. However, Filipinos retain many Hispanic influences because of three centuries of Spanish colonization, including being part of
4125:
2761:
on December 30, 1896. The piece was one of the last notes he wrote before his death; another that he had written was found in his shoe but because the text was illegible, its contents today remain a mystery.
2526:). It is slightly larger than Philippine literature in vernacular languages. However, because of the very few additions to it in the past 30 years, it is expected that the latter will soon overtake its rank.
866:
settlers, or those of mixed ancestry from present-day interracial marriages from White people, are called "Tisoy", a Filipino slang word for "Mestizo" (a Spanish word for "mixed", or a person of mixed
2396:
Filipinos share the same cultural heritage as to those people from Latin America and Spain, including a shared history, tradition, names, arts and literature, music, food, religion and language.
3147:
Including others such as Latin-Americans and Chinese-Mestizos, pure Chinese paid tribute but were not Philippine citizens as they were transients who returned to China, and Spaniards were exempt
920:
successful individuals are present in economics and business sectors in the Philippines and a few sources estimate companies which comprise a significant portion of the Philippine economy like
4690:
2163:
To this day, Spanish still remains and continues to be spoken by educated Filipinos and Spanish Filipinos in Universities and in Hispanic communities. The Philippines is a member of the
4315:
1222:, as slave workers or settlers working in the colony. Between 1565 and 1815, both Filipinos and people from Latin America and Spain sailed to, and from the Philippines in the
5396:
3641:'Hispanic Americans,' which includes persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race...
1106:
to give all native Filipino citizens in the islands, with Spanish names and surnames, and Christian baptismal. The government distributed a book of Spanish names titled "
850:
Spaniards, Latin Americans and Spanish-speaking Filipinos are referred to by native Filipinos as "Kastila", a word for "Castilian" which means the region and language of
3732:
2436:
Art, music, literature, architecture, cinema and fashion reflects a range of historical, traditional, indigenous, political, classical and contemporary compositions.
4483:
4683:
921:
4135:
specified, "For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English."
3317:
5386:
5381:
4105:
4094:
4083:
1123:
4353:
4257:
4116:
5371:
4676:
4395:
2317:
4390:
3044:
2267:
and English as official languages. Also, under this Constitution, Spanish, together with Arabic, was designated an optional and voluntary language.
1049:" - a person of Spanish descent, a person from a Spanish-speaking background living in the former colonies of Spain, or a culture relating to Spain.
744:
3716:
Provision shall be made for the establishment and maintenance of an adequate system of public schools, primarily conducted in the English language.
304:
5305:
2618:
1111:
5341:
5244:
4720:
4054:
4022:
3950:
3908:
3769:
3431:
3389:
3123:
2383:
1127:
5401:
5336:
4463:
4235:
4101:(in effect during occupation by Japanese forces, and later repudiated) did not specify official languages. Article XV, Section 3(3) of the
2202:(a criollo language based largely on Spanish vocabulary) is spoken in the southern Philippines, and forms one of the majority languages of
1347:
1341:
867:
829:
3628:
5331:
4044:
on September 27, 2007), Houses the Spanish Collection, which consists of around 13 million manuscripts from the Spanish colonial period.
3982:
3568:
3113:
2698:
2674:
2110:
1934:" - A native Filipino or an Indigenous American Indian person of mixed Spanish ancestry, and an African person of mixed Spanish descent.
599:
4037:
5290:
4513:
3653:
1946:
929:
259:
4508:
2835:
This is a list of famous Hispanic Filipinos who are recognized internationally for their achievement and service to the Philippines.
5391:
2519:
1219:
1215:
545:
4331:
4320:
3700:
770:
español filipino / hispano filipino / peninsular filipino/ insular filipino / criollo filipino/ latino filipino/ filipino indígena
4699:
4632:
2610:
2523:
2413:
854:, or an individual of Spanish heritage. Native Filipinos in historical terms are referred to by the Spaniards as "gente morena" (
576:
4112:
ratified on January 17, 1973 specified, "Until otherwise provided by law, English and Pilipino shall be the official languages.
3598:
3494:
3222:
4617:
4447:
2417:
2149:
1426:
561:
138:
3728:
5270:
5217:
4652:
4346:
4310:
4250:
3128:
2347:
2248:
1293:
957:
514:
3956:
3942:
3775:
3891:
3874:
3857:
3546:
5239:
4584:
4493:
2295:
2137:
949:
855:
529:
509:
3305:
2788:
Filipino cuisine is traditionally of Spanish origin mixed with Asian cuisines, with a touch of Anglo-American influence.
5406:
5376:
5234:
4498:
2987:
2970:
2652:
2195:
2180:
2097:
1155:, prompted the colonization of the Philippine Islands that lasted for 333 years. The Philippines was a former territory
1074:
888:
239:
118:
3983:"Supplementary Information for Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years (Appendix, Page 35)"
5300:
5275:
4622:
4478:
3325:
2797:
2363:
2140:
abandoned the Spanish language for some unknown political reasons. Influenced by Philippine government corruption and
2076:
2042:
1197:
1070:
851:
556:
534:
499:
444:
1207:
The Spanish implemented incentives to deliberately entangle the various races together in order to stop rebellion: -
4214:
3520:
5326:
5285:
5280:
5175:
5142:
3015:
2964:
2583:
2570:
2425:
2379:
1967:
1152:
1132:
Spanish Philippines is the history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898. It begins with the arrival in 1521 of the
965:
737:
4339:
4243:
2830:
2421:
1145:
1012:
5295:
4170:
2409:
1414:
1402:
2981:
289:
4113:
4542:
4090:
provided, " Until otherwise provided by law, English and Spanish shall continue as official languages." The
2923:
2694:
2405:
2354:. It has survived for more than 400 years, making it one of the oldest creole languages in the world. Among
2172:
2145:
1200:) natives. Some of their descendants, emerged later as an influential part of the ruling class, such as the
937:
859:
730:
708:
691:
479:
469:
4102:
4091:
4080:
3923:
980:
may vary, it generally refers to people, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or
4907:
4576:
2779:
2464:
2387:
1960:" - A indigenous Black Filipino person, and an African person brought to the colony to work on plantation.
1189:
67:
4437:
4166:
2678:
2515:
2359:
2259:
due to the contribution of grammar and vocabulary spoken by Mexican settlers in the country, during the
2086:
1410:
876:
686:
654:
644:
519:
414:
3381:
Philippine Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century: Colonial Legacies, Post-Colonial Trajectories
2726:
2714:
2041:
background living on the islands, or a Filipino mixed with other oriental backgrounds, or a person of
1417:. However, in 1821, after Mexico became an independent nation, all control was transferred to Madrid.
4432:
3118:
3105:
3032:
2842:
2802:
2355:
2053:
2018:
1185:
1056:" - a person of Spanish or Portuguese heritage living in the South American regions of Latin America.
17:
4791:
4571:
4503:
4473:
4427:
4162:
2544:
2538:
2471:
2451:
2207:
2168:
2102:
1916:" - A pure White Spaniard born in Spain but is also a settler and a citizen, living on the islands.
1889:
1375:
1321:
1257:
1239:
1096:
793:
681:
551:
524:
329:
4058:
2308:
is derived from Spanish, meaning "poor taste", "vulgar", for the Chavacano language, developed in
5170:
5165:
5157:
4945:
4801:
4786:
4627:
4607:
4602:
4553:
4538:
4528:
4488:
3472:
3360:
3091:
2860:
2644:
2236:
2231:
2199:
2132:
2066:"US/Native American Filipino" - A person of White American-native descent, living on the islands.
1971:
1938:
1828:
1764:
1137:
629:
587:
571:
484:
474:
247:
243:
231:
126:
122:
106:
3216:"ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)"
3620:
883:
179:
4930:
4902:
4854:
4796:
4548:
4523:
4468:
4442:
4018:
3946:
3765:
3464:
3427:
3385:
3306:
ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)
3056:
2993:
2670:
2664:
2648:
2640:
2555:
2264:
2211:
2203:
1974:, who later became King of Spain in 1556. This name initially referred to just the islands of
1905:
terms used to identify the different types of names given to the people living in the colony.
1492:
1371:
1359:
1141:
1080:
993:
945:
941:
773:
618:
566:
494:
361:
235:
110:
4008:
3988:. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. p. 35
3379:
828:
and people via South America who are descendants of the original Spanish settlers during the
5346:
5260:
5028:
4960:
4897:
4864:
4533:
4411:
4369:
4294:
4289:
4041:
3419:
3050:
3038:
2947:
2866:
2818:
2783:
2771:
2740:
2732:
2632:
2511:
2503:
2479:
2475:
2391:
2290:
2252:
2240:
2191:
2187:
2157:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2082:
1986:
1902:
1397:
For centuries all the political and economic aspects of the Captaincy were administered in
1387:
1351:
1285:
1053:
1005:
833:
785:
777:
765:
669:
639:
613:
594:
539:
504:
489:
460:
398:
366:
347:
318:
227:
171:
114:
46:
3664:
3453:"Tracing the Decline of the Mestizo Categories in Philippine Life in the Late 19th Century"
3349:"Tracing the Decline of the Mestizo Categories in Philippine Life in the Late 19th Century"
1095:
were baptized and given European names and surnames by Christian priests sailing under the
5265:
5114:
4998:
4887:
4839:
4834:
4745:
4612:
4284:
4132:
4120:
4109:
4098:
4087:
3004:
2906:
2900:
2775:
2588:
2336:
2313:
2256:
1297:
1281:
1001:
968:, and Central Azucarera de La Carlota, to name but a few are owned by Hispanic Filipinos.
900:
805:
674:
608:
388:
337:
142:
49:
of the Philippines and the long hair tradition of Filipino women during the colonial era.
3693:
3572:
2002:
This category is about a term used to identify the different types of ordinary Filipino
5321:
5091:
5081:
5023:
4950:
4892:
4859:
4844:
4829:
4811:
4771:
4761:
4756:
3755:
2935:
2872:
2592:
2548:
2328:
2321:
2219:
1920:
1367:
1305:
1223:
1201:
997:
985:
895:
821:
809:
664:
439:
393:
377:
371:
271:
199:
3817:
2304:
5365:
5185:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4990:
4940:
4935:
4849:
4806:
4781:
4766:
4518:
3699:. San Diego State University : Department of Political Science. March 24, 1934.
3594:
3490:
3215:
3026:
2941:
2754:
2750:
2710:
2690:
2606:
2455:
2367:
2340:
2260:
2063:
backgrounds living on the islands, or a Filipino person of mixed Polynesian ancestry.
1780:
1460:
1406:
1383:
1107:
1088:
989:
961:
912:
844:
659:
634:
383:
295:
94:
90:
3837:
2681:"), also known by its English alternative title "The Reign of Greed" is the second
1923:" - A White Filipino of pure Spanish ancestry, born on and a citizen of the islands.
5096:
5051:
5033:
5018:
4965:
4869:
4668:
3077:
2953:
2848:
2758:
2049:
2014:
1957:
1913:
1885:
1269:
925:
871:
817:
801:
719:
649:
195:
2444:
4012:
3936:
3797:
3759:
3413:
2324:. It is also derived from the word "chavano", coined by the Zamboangueño people.
2056:
backgrounds, living on the islands, or a Filipino person of mixed Black ancestry.
1114:", to the native population to be used as a form of identification and civility.
5132:
4917:
2929:
2854:
2744:
2686:
2636:
2614:
2559:
2431:
2309:
2299:
2176:
2164:
2114:
2060:
2021:, White Middle Eastern and other White ethnic backgrounds living on the islands.
1796:
1379:
1329:
1273:
1028:
1025:
813:
313:
211:
82:
40:
5137:
4955:
4925:
3542:
3067:
2894:
2814:
2806:
2565:
2332:
1844:
1620:
1193:
981:
933:
907:
3468:
1884:
Pangasinan 3.49%, Albay 1.16%, Cebu 2.17%, Samar 3.27%, Iloilo 1%, Capiz 1%,
4710:
4268:
2912:
2883:
2747:
2551:
2285:
2280:
2038:
2031:
1949:
person, or an individual belonging to a tribal group, native to the islands.
1942:
1700:
1652:
1325:
1313:
1309:
1249:
1156:
1017:
915:, a Filipino Torna atrás of mixed Indigenous, Spanish and Oriental ancestry.
863:
429:
424:
323:
280:
203:
159:
155:
72:
All types of "Mestizos" mixed from both native and foreign ancestries: 2.1%
4657:
353:
3818:"Merriam-Webster Dictionary Est. 1828 - Hispanic Definition & Meaning"
3423:
3412:
Steinberg, David Joel (2018). "Chapter – 3 A SINGULAR AND A PLURAL FOLK".
2171:, in the capital city of Manila. In 2010, the former Philippine president
2136:
millennium before being redesignated as an optional language in 1987. The
839:
Many of their communities trace their ancestry to the early settlers from
5203:
5195:
5180:
4879:
4821:
4750:
4273:
4208:
2625:
2596:
2487:
2101:"La Mestiza Española" (The mixed Spanish), a literature and art works by
1990:
1588:
1556:
1508:
1227:
1181:
1165:
1140:
sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was an
1133:
1046:
977:
434:
3838:"Merriam-Webster Dictionary Est. 1828 - Latino Definition & Meaning"
3476:
3452:
3364:
3348:
1394:. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish settlements.
1218:
and some Black-Africans were also brought to the Philippines to work on
1168:(plantation estates) by the Spanish government. In some provinces like,
5147:
5124:
5106:
5086:
5066:
4198:, as in the Locsín English translation, are also possible translations.
2599:
2215:
2003:
1953:
1931:
1927:
1684:
1636:
1540:
1524:
825:
419:
409:
342:
3318:"Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"
5076:
4776:
2810:
1748:
1604:
1572:
1476:
1398:
1317:
1301:
1173:
1160:
1103:
1084:
953:
215:
45:
A native Filipina of mixed Spanish ancestry, wearing the traditional
4158:
3910:
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898: Relating to China and the Chinese
1244:
5071:
5061:
5056:
5043:
4737:
4715:
4364:
2702:
2682:
2622:
2602:
2483:
2183:
industries where demands for fluent Spanish speakers were needed.
2096:
1979:
1975:
1812:
1732:
1716:
1668:
1289:
1243:
1169:
1066:
906:
894:
882:
840:
448:
207:
86:
3654:"SOP 80 05 3A: Overview of the 8(A) Business Development Program"
2558:, and is believed to be one of the earliest books printed in the
2514:. Today, this corpus is the third largest in the whole corpus of
2255:
spoken in the Philippines. Philippine Spanish is very similar to
2736:
2529:
A list of some famous Philippine literature in Spanish follows:
2351:
1966:"Felipinas" - The name given to the islands in 1543 by explorer
1441:
Data reported for the 1800 as divided by ethnicity and province
1391:
1277:
1177:
1092:
1038:
This category is about a term used to identify an individual.
4672:
4335:
4239:
4055:"Spanish is once again a compulsory subject in the Philippines"
3798:"The Britannica Dictionary - Spaniard Definition & Meaning"
2222:. It is also spoken in some parts of the northern Philippines.
2027:"Mestizo Filipino" - A Filipino person of mixed White ancestry.
1405:, while the administrative issues had to be consulted with the
3694:"THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE ACT (TYDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT) 1934"
1982:. It was later on expanded to include the entire archipelago.
1011:
The Philippines is no longer a Spanish-speaking country, the
66:
Identified as "Spanish", including "Latino Spanish": 4,952 (
3516:
2510:) is a body of literature made by Filipino writers in the
1320:. From 1565 to 1821, these territories, together with the
3924:"How big were families in the 1700s?" By Keri Rutherford
2400:
Arts, music, literature, architecture, cinema and fashion
3938:
Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines
2119:
The original official languages of the Philippines were
1893:
Filipino tributes amount to 5% of the total population.
899:
Prominent Filipina celebrity - singer and film actress,
3893:
Chinese participation in Philippine culture and economy
2327:
Six different dialects have developed: Zamboangueño in
2006:
living on the islands, in today's present-day society.
1316:
was the first seat of government, later transferred to
1102:
In 1849, the Spanish government established a national
984:. It is commonly applied to countries once part of the
812:
descent and Spanish-speaking individuals native to the
2635:, the book is more commonly published and read in the
3729:"The Hispanic Identity of Filipinos: A Short History"
1151:
The Spanish conquest in 1565 led by the conquistador
2717:, are now considered Rizal's literary masterpieces.
2160:
in 1935, who himself was of mixed Spanish ancestry.
5314:
5253:
5227:
5216:
5194:
5156:
5123:
5105:
5042:
4989:
4982:
4916:
4878:
4820:
4736:
4729:
4645:
4595:
4564:
4456:
4420:
4404:
4383:
4376:
836:and who may or may not speak the Spanish language.
253:
221:
189:
148:
132:
100:
76:
54:
4316:Societat de Beneficència de Naturals de Catalunya
3756:"Part VI People and Prospects of the Philippines"
2713:. Both the novel and its predecessor, along with
1437:tribute) and came upon the following statistics:
2167:where the language is used for education in the
3879:. Historical Conservation Society. p. 191.
3491:"The Basques's contribution to the Philippines"
2331:, Davaoeño Zamboangueño / Castellano Abakay in
1042:"Spaniard - a White European person from Spain.
1252:in Cabildo Street, Intramuros, Manila in 1890.
1230:, assisting Spain in its trade on the colony.
922:International Container Terminal Services Inc.
4684:
4347:
4251:
3415:THE PHILIPPINES A Singular and a Plural Place
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
2805:is a popular sport among Hispanic Filipinos.
2458:with the book's full title. Woodcut, c. 1590.
2263:. A constitution ratified in 1987 designated
1262:
738:
8:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
2030:"Native Filipino" - People of un-mixed or a
1963:"Islas Filipinas" - The name of the islands.
1144:of Spain, and ends with the outbreak of the
170:
33:
3761:The Former Philippines Through Foreign Eyes
3457:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
3353:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
2697:" and, like the first book, was written in
2651:", the reading of "Noli" is obligatory for
5397:South American diaspora in the Philippines
5224:
4986:
4913:
4733:
4691:
4677:
4669:
4380:
4354:
4340:
4332:
4258:
4244:
4236:
2131:, as listed in the original constitution.
2037:"Oriental Filipino" - People from another
745:
731:
266:
178:
169:
32:
2621:by Spain to expose the inequities of the
2339:, Caviteño in Cavite City, Cotabateño in
2186:Most Spanish-speaking Filipinos also use
2034:person of pure ancestry from the islands.
1378:which included the modern country of the
1272:from 1565 until 1899. They comprised the
2564:
2190:in the public sphere and may also speak
1439:
1366:) was an administrative district of the
1083:with their Spanish and Latino family in
4217:from the original on September 25, 2022
3976:
3974:
3735:from the original on September 21, 2022
3378:Hedman, Eva-Lotta; Sidel, John (2005).
3160:
3140:
903:, a Filipina of mixed Spanish ancestry.
891:, a Filipino of mixed Spanish ancestry.
458:
303:
278:
62:5% of the population during the 1700s.
3981:Maximilian Larena (January 21, 2021).
3778:from the original on February 18, 2023
3706:from the original on December 27, 2022
3631:from the original on February 18, 2017
1124:History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
4173:from the original on February 3, 2024
4009:"14. The Republic of the Philippines"
3913:. A.H. Clark Company. pp. 85–87.
3497:from the original on January 22, 2018
3124:Mexican settlement in the Philippines
2693:. It is the sequel to the political "
2384:Spanish influence on Filipino culture
2289:
2245:Español Filipino, Castellano Filipino
1128:Mexican settlement in the Philippines
911:Prominent Filipino political figure,
18:Spanish settlement in the Philippines
7:
5387:European diaspora in the Philippines
3601:from the original on August 17, 2022
3549:from the original on August 12, 2022
3041:- President and Revolutionary leader
2701:. It was first published in 1891 in
2346:Chavacano is the only Spanish-based
1348:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1342:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1336:Captaincy General of the Philippines
190:Regions with significant populations
77:Regions with significant populations
3935:Newson, Linda A. (April 16, 2009).
3876:Informe secreto de Sinibaldo de Más
3569:"ICTSI - BOD - Enrique K. Razon Jr"
3114:Spanish people of Filipino ancestry
2628:priests and the ruling government.
2111:Spanish language in the Philippines
1159:until the grant of independence to
5382:Filipino people of Spanish descent
3959:from the original on March 8, 2023
3754:Jagor, Fedor; et al. (2007).
3661:U.S. Small Business Administration
3523:from the original on July 28, 2011
3228:from the original on March 9, 2016
2502:Philippine literature in Spanish (
2059:"Polynesian Filipino" - People of
1998:Identifying a Present-day Filipino
1356:Capitanía General de las Filipinas
1268:) were the Spanish territories in
976:Though the definition of the term
930:Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc.
25:
4159:"Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection"
3862:. The Society. 1963. p. 191.
3625:U.S. Department of Transportation
2520:Philippine literature in Filipino
5372:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
4700:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
4363:
4267:
4210:The Reign of Greed by José Rizal
3663:. April 11, 2008. Archived from
3543:"Aboitiz and Company - About Us"
3098:
3084:
3070:
2524:Philippine literature in English
2498:"Literatura Filipina en Español"
2463:
2443:
2414:Philippine literature in Spanish
1989:" - The Spanish colonies in the
1364:Kapitanyang Heneral ng Pilipinas
1324:, were administered through the
1112:Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
988:, particularly the countries of
887:Prominent Filipino businessman,
713:
704:
703:
288:
39:
4014:Geography in the Changing World
3859:Historical Conservation Society
3059:- Chief Justice / National hero
2418:Architecture of the Philippines
2150:Constitution of the Philippines
1427:Demographics of the Philippines
4653:Conquest of the Canary Islands
4311:North-American Catalan Society
4079:Article XIV, Section 3 of the
3129:Filipino immigration to Mexico
2508:Literatura Filipina en Español
2218:and is mostly concentrated in
2152:was changed entirely in 1987.
2081:The majority of Filipinos are
2045:descent living in the islands.
1296:), and for some time parts of
1294:Federated States of Micronesia
958:Bank of the Philippine Islands
1:
4157:Lessing J. Rosenwald (1593).
2647:. Together with its sequel, "
2522:being the first, followed by
2474:, an early Christian book in
2296:Spanish-based creole language
2048:"Black Filipino" - People of
2013:"White Filipino" - People of
950:Union Bank of the Philippines
4126:1987 Philippine Constitution
4103:1973 Philippine constitution
4092:1943 Philippine Constitution
4081:1935 Philippine Constitution
3451:Doeppers, Daniel F. (1994).
3347:Doeppers, Daniel F. (1994).
2988:Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala
2971:Lourdes Castrillo Brillantes
2569:The original front cover of
2374:Philippine Cultural heritage
2358:, it is the only one not an
2181:business process outsourcing
1075:Mexico-Philippines relations
889:Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala
5402:Spanish diaspora by country
4321:Casal Català de Brussel·les
4114:Presidential Decree No. 155
3943:University of Hawaiʻi Press
3890:Shubert S. C. Liao (1964).
2798:Football in the Philippines
2735:; "My last farewell") is a
2619:colonization of the country
2364:Malayo-Polynesian languages
2077:Religion in the Philippines
1264:Indias orientales españolas
1071:Philippines-Spain relations
966:Solaire Resort & Casino
184:Flag of the Hispanic people
5423:
3621:"Archived: 49 CFR Part 26"
2828:
2795:
2769:
2724:
2662:
2581:
2554:, written in 1593 by Fray
2536:
2429:
2426:Fashion in the Philippines
2403:
2380:Culture of the Philippines
2377:
2278:
2229:
2108:
2074:
1947:Indigenous American Indian
1424:
1339:
1237:
1121:
1064:
4706:
4303:
4280:
4131:January 26, 2022, at the
3907:Emma Helen Blair (1915).
3873:Sinibaldo De Mas (1963).
3731:. Seton Hall University.
3418:. Routledge. p. 47.
3384:. Routledge. p. 71.
3324:. Table 5. Archived from
2831:List of Spanish Filipinos
2825:Notable Spanish Filipinos
2595:for "Touch me not") is a
2422:Cinema in the Philippines
1452:Spanish Mestizo Tributes
1386:possessions, such as the
1079:Filipinos share the same
1008:are the main traditions.
299:(historical Spanish flag)
258:
226:
194:
177:
153:
137:
105:
81:
59:
38:
5392:Latin American diasporas
4119:October 3, 2013, at the
2655:throughout the country.
2410:Music in the Philippines
2343:and Ermiteño in Ermita.
2148:in 1986, the government
1415:Royal Audience of Manila
1403:Viceroyalty of New Spain
1326:Viceroyalty of New Spain
1032:Latin American origins.
1020:and later Spain itself.
64:Present-day statistics:
27:Hispanic ethnic identity
2965:Fernando María Guerrero
2584:Noli Me Tángere (novel)
2547:" was an early book of
2406:Arts in the Philippines
2173:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
2146:People Power Revolution
2052:, African American and
1968:Ruy López de Villalobos
1363:
1153:Miguel López de Legazpi
1110:" and surnames called "
830:Spanish colonial period
797:
789:
60:Historical statistics:
4108:June 15, 2013, at the
4097:June 14, 2013, at the
4086:June 15, 2013, at the
3896:. Bookman. p. 30.
3047:- Revolutionary leader
3018:- Roman Catholic saint
2780:Latin American cuisine
2739:originally written in
2631:Originally written in
2574:
2507:
2388:Latin American culture
2303:
2244:
2106:
1355:
1263:
1253:
1220:plantation settlements
916:
904:
892:
781:
769:
4167:World Digital Library
4038:The National Archives
3575:on September 26, 2018
3424:10.4324/9780429494383
2982:Zóbel de Ayala family
2568:
2533:"Doctrina Christiana"
2516:Philippine literature
2490:suyat scripts (1593).
2482:. The book contained
2430:Further information:
2360:Austronesian language
2138:Philippine government
2100:
2085:, most belong to the
1901:These are historical
1411:Council of the Indies
1247:
946:Aboitiz & Company
910:
898:
886:
877:Philippine Revolution
832:who form part of the
820:, Insulares or white
149:Related ethnic groups
4581:US areas of Oceania
3941:. Honolulu, Hawaii:
3119:Immigration to Spain
3106:Latin America portal
3016:José María of Manila
2792:Sport and recreation
2653:high school students
2356:Philippine languages
2291:[tʃaβaˈkano]
2196:Philippine languages
2054:Black Latin American
2019:White Latin American
1216:Indigenous Americans
1146:Spanish–American War
1013:Tydings–McDuffie Act
938:Ynchausti y Compañia
240:Philippine languages
119:Philippine languages
5407:Spanish Philippines
5377:Hispanic and Latino
4519:Trinidad and Tobago
4163:Library of Congress
4007:Sagmit, E. (1998).
2731:"Mi último adiós" (
2659:"El Filibusterismo"
2545:Doctrina Christiana
2539:Doctrina Christiana
2472:Doctrina Christiana
2452:Doctrina Christiana
2251:and variant of the
2208:Zamboanga del Norte
2169:Instituto Cervantes
2103:Justiniano Asuncion
2093:Language and legacy
1970:in honor of Prince
1442:
1376:Spanish East Indies
1322:Spanish West Indies
1258:Spanish East Indies
1240:Spanish East Indies
1234:Spanish East Indies
1097:Magellan expedition
330:Vaqueiros de Alzada
174:
35:
4721:Indigenous peoples
4484:Dominican Republic
4145:Article XIV, Sec 7
4017:. Rex Book Store.
3670:on October 6, 2016
3595:"ANSCOR - History"
3092:Philippines portal
2861:Manuel Amechazurra
2821:are also enjoyed.
2575:
2237:Philippine Spanish
2232:Philippine Spanish
2226:Philippine Spanish
2133:Philippine Spanish
2107:
2017:, White American,
1440:
1274:Philippine Islands
1254:
1204:(Nobility) class.
1138:Ferdinand Magellan
917:
905:
893:
816:. They consist of
711: •
505:Dominican Republic
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5212:
5211:
5204:Suludnon/Tumandok
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4666:
4665:
4641:
4640:
4391:Equatorial Guinea
4329:
4328:
4024:978-971-23-2451-2
3952:978-0-8248-6197-1
3771:978-1-4068-1542-9
3433:978-0-8133-3755-5
3391:978-1-134-75421-2
3033:Marcelo Azcárraga
2994:Jon Ramon Aboitiz
2984:- Business family
2843:Paulino Alcántara
2721:"Mi último adiós"
2715:Rizal's last poem
2671:El Filibusterismo
2665:El Filibusterismo
2649:El Filibusterismo
2589:"Noli Me Tángere"
2578:"Noli Me Tángere"
2556:Juan de Plasencia
2212:Zamboanga Sibugay
2204:Zamboanga del Sur
2142:political agendas
1881:
1880:
1374:encompassed the
1372:Captaincy General
1198:Malayo-Polynesian
1142:overseas province
1108:Nombres Españoles
1081:cultural heritage
1061:Filipino identity
994:Equatorial Guinea
942:Ayala Corporation
806:multilingualistic
762:Hispanic Filipino
755:
754:
265:
264:
165:
164:
34:Spanish Filipinos
16:(Redirected from
5414:
5225:
4987:
4914:
4734:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4670:
4381:
4370:Spanish diaspora
4368:
4367:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4333:
4274:Catalan diaspora
4272:
4271:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4205:
4199:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4061:on July 16, 2011
4057:. Archived from
4051:
4045:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3932:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3764:. Echo Library.
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3658:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3571:. Archived from
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3328:on July 20, 2023
3314:
3308:
3303:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3148:
3145:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3051:Manuel L. Quezon
3039:Emilio Aguinaldo
3035:- Prime minister
2948:Fernando Poe Jr.
2867:Santiago Rublico
2819:Beach volleyball
2784:American cuisine
2772:Filipino cuisine
2512:Spanish language
2467:
2447:
2392:Culture of Spain
2293:
2253:Spanish language
2158:Manuel L. Quezon
1897:Historical terms
1449:Native Tributes
1443:
1388:Caroline Islands
1286:Caroline Islands
1266:
1248:Hispanic native
1006:Spanish language
834:Spanish diaspora
798:katsílà filipino
790:katsílà filipino
782:kastílâ filipino
758:Spanish Filipino
747:
740:
733:
720:Spain portal
718:
717:
716:
707:
706:
678:
603:
548:
461:Spanish diaspora
452:
358:
348:Canary Islanders
334:
292:
283:
267:
238:-Tagalog, other
182:
175:
172:Spanish diaspora
55:Total population
47:Maria Clara gown
43:
36:
21:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5351:
5310:
5249:
5219:
5208:
5190:
5152:
5119:
5101:
5038:
4970:
4912:
4874:
4816:
4725:
4702:
4697:
4667:
4662:
4637:
4591:
4560:
4452:
4416:
4400:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4330:
4325:
4306:Casals Catalans
4299:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4143:
4139:
4133:Wayback Machine
4121:Wayback Machine
4110:Wayback Machine
4099:Wayback Machine
4088:Wayback Machine
4078:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4040:(archived from
4036:
4032:
4025:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3953:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3772:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3634:
3632:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3434:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3316:
3315:
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3304:
3241:
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3225:
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3162:
3157:
3152:
3151:
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3142:
3137:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3045:Felipe Calderón
3029:- National hero
3005:Isabel Preysler
2901:Pilita Corrales
2833:
2827:
2800:
2794:
2786:
2776:Spanish cuisine
2770:Main articles:
2768:
2729:
2727:Mi Último Adiós
2723:
2695:Noli me tangere
2667:
2661:
2611:national heroes
2586:
2580:
2571:Noli Me Tangere
2541:
2535:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2404:Main articles:
2402:
2394:
2378:Main articles:
2376:
2337:Ternate, Cavite
2335:, Ternateño in
2283:
2277:
2257:Mexican Spanish
2249:Spanish dialect
2234:
2228:
2198:. In addition,
2117:
2109:Main articles:
2095:
2079:
2073:
2000:
1987:Hispano América
1899:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1344:
1338:
1282:Mariana Islands
1242:
1236:
1130:
1122:Main articles:
1120:
1077:
1065:Main articles:
1063:
1036:Term definition
1002:Spanish culture
974:
901:Pilita Corrales
751:
714:
712:
697:
696:
672:
625:Other languages
623:
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590:
544:
442:
403:
350:
326:
305:Regional groups
293:
279:
185:
168:
71:
65:
63:
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50:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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5263:
5257:
5255:
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5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
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5220:or expatriates
5214:
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4458:
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4448:United Kingdom
4445:
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4435:
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4422:
4418:
4417:
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4287:
4281:
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4265:
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4240:
4229:
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4200:
4184:
4149:
4137:
4072:
4046:
4030:
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3999:
3970:
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3927:
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3789:
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3685:
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3390:
3370:
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3309:
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3159:
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3139:
3138:
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3133:
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3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3095:
3081:
3065:
3062:
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3060:
3057:Marcelo Fernán
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2936:Amalia Fuentes
2933:
2927:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2876:
2873:Carlos Loyzaga
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2829:Main article:
2826:
2823:
2796:Main article:
2793:
2790:
2767:
2764:
2753:on the eve of
2725:Main article:
2722:
2719:
2689:national hero
2663:Main article:
2660:
2657:
2582:Main article:
2579:
2576:
2549:Roman Catholic
2537:Main article:
2534:
2531:
2499:
2496:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2401:
2398:
2375:
2372:
2329:Zamboanga City
2298:spoken in the
2279:Main article:
2276:
2273:
2230:Main article:
2227:
2224:
2220:Zamboanga City
2094:
2091:
2087:Roman Catholic
2075:Main article:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2057:
2046:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2015:White European
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1964:
1961:
1950:
1935:
1924:
1917:
1898:
1895:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
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1466:
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1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1433:
1430:
1425:Main article:
1422:
1419:
1384:Pacific Island
1368:Spanish Empire
1340:Main article:
1337:
1334:
1238:Main article:
1235:
1232:
1224:Manila galleon
1119:
1116:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
998:Spanish Sahara
986:Spanish Empire
973:
970:
753:
752:
750:
749:
742:
735:
727:
724:
723:
699:
698:
695:
694:
692:Valencian Sign
689:
684:
679:
667:
665:Judaeo-Spanish
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
622:
621:
616:
611:
605:
604:
591:
586:
585:
582:
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580:
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562:United Kingdom
559:
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527:
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517:
512:
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396:
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374:
369:
364:
359:
345:
340:
335:
321:
316:
308:
307:
301:
300:
285:
284:
281:Spanish people
276:
275:
263:
262:
260:Roman Catholic
256:
255:
251:
250:
224:
223:
219:
218:
200:Zamboanga City
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
166:
163:
162:
160:Spanish people
151:
150:
146:
145:
143:Roman Catholic
135:
134:
130:
129:
103:
102:
98:
97:
79:
78:
74:
73:
57:
56:
52:
51:
44:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5419:
5408:
5405:
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5400:
5398:
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5340:
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5317:
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5307:
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5299:
5297:
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5264:
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5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
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4949:
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4942:
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4915:
4909:
4906:
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4899:
4896:
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4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
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4773:
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4768:
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4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4752:
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4744:
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4741:
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4735:
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4722:
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4709:
4708:
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4701:
4694:
4689:
4687:
4682:
4680:
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4659:
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4634:
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4621:
4619:
4616:
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4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:South America
4594:
4586:
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4582:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4555:
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4550:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4524:United States
4522:
4520:
4517:
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4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
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4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
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4472:
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4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:North America
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4357:
4352:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4295:United States
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4192:The Subersive
4188:
4185:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4003:
4000:
3984:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3850:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3750:
3747:
3739:September 21,
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3666:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3522:
3518:
3517:"Ayala Group"
3512:
3509:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3405:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3327:
3323:
3319:
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3310:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
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3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
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3274:
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3270:
3268:
3266:
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3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3224:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
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3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3096:
3093:
3082:
3079:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:- Businessman
2995:
2992:
2990:- Businessman
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:Marian Rivera
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:Gloria Romero
2922:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2755:his execution
2752:
2749:
2748:national hero
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:filibustering
2676:
2672:
2666:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:, during the
2616:
2612:
2609:, one of the
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:Pages of the
2466:
2457:
2456:Saint Dominic
2453:
2450:Cover of the
2446:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2368:reduplication
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2341:Cotabato City
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:or Chabacano
2287:
2282:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:Galleon trade
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:Black African
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:" - A native
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Negros Island
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:All Tributes
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:Spanish Crown
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:South America
1086:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Latin America
987:
983:
979:
971:
969:
967:
963:
962:Globe Telecom
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
914:
909:
902:
897:
890:
885:
881:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
845:Latin America
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
748:
743:
741:
736:
734:
729:
728:
726:
725:
722:
721:
710:
701:
700:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:Astur-Leonese
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
601:
596:
593:
592:
589:
584:
583:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:United States
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
547:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
465:
462:
457:
450:
446:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
406:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:Extremadurans
382:
380:
379:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
356:
355:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
332:
331:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
309:
306:
302:
298:
297:
291:
287:
286:
282:
277:
273:
269:
268:
261:
257:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
181:
176:
173:
161:
157:
152:
147:
144:
140:
136:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
96:
95:Latin America
92:
91:United States
88:
84:
80:
75:
69:
58:
53:
48:
42:
37:
19:
4908:Zamboangueño
4543:in Louisiana
4396:South Africa
4305:
4232:
4219:. Retrieved
4209:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4177:November 28,
4175:. Retrieved
4152:
4144:
4140:
4075:
4063:. Retrieved
4059:the original
4049:
4042:the original
4033:
4013:
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3961:. Retrieved
3937:
3930:
3919:
3909:
3902:
3892:
3885:
3875:
3868:
3858:
3852:
3841:. Retrieved
3832:
3821:. Retrieved
3812:
3801:. Retrieved
3792:
3780:. Retrieved
3760:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3723:
3715:
3708:. Retrieved
3688:
3679:
3672:. Retrieved
3665:the original
3660:
3648:
3640:
3633:. Retrieved
3624:
3615:
3603:. Retrieved
3589:
3577:. Retrieved
3573:the original
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3485:
3463:(2): 80–89.
3460:
3456:
3446:
3437:
3414:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3380:
3373:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3332:December 25,
3330:. Retrieved
3326:the original
3321:
3312:
3230:. Retrieved
3143:
3078:Spain portal
3021:
3010:
3007:- Journalist
2999:
2976:
2960:Literature
2959:
2954:Eddie Garcia
2918:
2889:
2878:
2875:- Basketball
2849:Eduardo Teus
2837:
2834:
2801:
2787:
2759:firing squad
2730:
2707:
2668:
2630:
2587:
2542:
2528:
2501:
2435:
2395:
2345:
2326:
2284:
2269:
2235:
2185:
2162:
2154:
2118:
2080:
2008:
2001:
1907:
1900:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1435:
1413:through the
1396:
1382:and various
1345:
1270:Asia-Pacific
1261:
1255:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1190:Austronesian
1150:
1131:
1101:
1078:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1010:
975:
926:Manila Water
918:
856:brown people
849:
838:
818:Peninsulares
761:
757:
756:
702:
687:Spanish Sign
655:Extremaduran
650:Erromintxela
645:Catalan Sign
624:
459:Significant
445:Iberian Jews
415:Erromintxela
405:Other groups
404:
376:
352:
328:
294:
196:Metro Manila
167:Ethnic group
139:Christianity
30:Ethnic group
5218:Immigrants
4946:Maguindanao
4802:Romblomanon
4787:Kapampangan
4577:New Zealand
4514:Puerto Rico
4438:Netherlands
4412:Philippines
4290:Philippines
3963:February 3,
3782:October 20,
3710:January 24,
3674:January 19,
3635:January 19,
3232:February 3,
3053:- President
3000:Journalism
2930:Delia Razon
2855:Juan Torena
2685:written by
2637:Philippines
2615:Philippines
2605:written by
2560:Philippines
2432:Mestizo art
2362:, but like
2310:Cavite City
2302:. The word
2300:Philippines
2177:call center
2165:Latin Union
2144:during the
2115:Latin Union
2043:South Asian
1705:28,112-1/2
1657:19,686-1/2
1609:44,852-1/2
1561:16,604-1/2
1545:16,586-1/2
1497:14,392-1/2
1465:14,437-1/2
1380:Philippines
1330:Mexico City
1202:Principalía
1029:Fëdor Jagor
1026:ethnologist
972:Terminology
824:, Filipino
814:Philippines
557:Switzerland
546:Puerto Rico
540:Philippines
530:Netherlands
443:(including
362:Cantabrians
327:(including
314:Andalusians
212:Iloilo City
83:Philippines
68:2020 census
5366:Categories
5271:Indonesian
4931:Banguingui
4903:Surigaonon
4855:Hiligaynon
4797:Pangasinan
4474:Costa Rica
4377:By country
4196:Subversion
3843:2024-09-06
3823:2024-09-06
3803:2024-09-06
3322:psa.gov.ph
3155:References
3027:José Rizal
2977:Economics
2895:Joe Bataan
2869:- Football
2863:- Football
2857:- Football
2851:- Football
2845:- Football
2815:Volleyball
2807:Basketball
2751:José Rizal
2745:Philippine
2691:José Rizal
2687:Philippine
2639:in either
2607:José Rizal
2454:featuring
2366:, it uses
2333:Davao City
2194:and other
2089:religion.
2083:Christians
2061:Polynesian
2009:They are:
1914:Peninsular
1908:They are:
1876:424,992-16
1845:Calamianes
1621:Pangasinan
1481:5,724-1/2
1432:Statistics
1421:Population
1304:) and the
1214:Mexicans,
1134:Portuguese
982:Hispanidad
934:Ayala Land
913:José Rizal
868:indigenous
794:Hiligaynon
682:Portuguese
399:Valencians
367:Castilians
296:Rojigualda
232:Philippine
5286:Malaysian
5240:Brazilian
5166:Agutaynen
5029:Kankanaey
4898:Sangirese
4865:Porohanon
4792:Masbateño
4753:(Ilongot)
4711:Filipinos
4633:Venezuela
4603:Argentina
4572:Australia
4509:Nicaragua
4489:Guatemala
4221:April 24,
3992:March 23,
3681:Portugal.
3469:0115-0243
3359:(2): 82.
3022:Politics
3011:Religion
2944:- Actress
2938:- Actress
2932:- Actress
2926:- Actress
2913:Jasmine V
2884:Juan Luna
2711:execution
2677:for "The
2600:fictional
2597:Political
2552:Catechism
2318:Zamboanga
2305:Chabacano
2286:Chavacano
2281:Chavacano
2275:Chavacano
2200:Chavacano
1972:Felipe II
1890:Zamboanga
1888:20%, and
1653:Camarines
1647:11,244-6
1567:27,358-1
1551:25,760-5
1519:21,579-7
1503:19,448-6
1471:27,897-7
1446:Province
1328:based in
1310:Indonesia
1250:Filipinos
1226:trade to
1186:Zamboanga
1166:haciendas
1157:New Spain
1148:in 1898.
1136:explorer
1018:New Spain
808:group of
800:) are an
630:Aragonese
600:Castilian
588:Languages
577:Venezuela
475:Argentina
440:Sephardim
430:Maghrebis
425:Mercheros
389:Galicians
338:Balearics
324:Asturians
319:Aragonese
248:Chavacano
222:Languages
204:Cebu City
156:Filipinos
127:Chavacano
101:Languages
5291:Nepalese
5276:Japanese
5235:American
5228:Americas
5196:Suludnon
5181:Tagbanua
5171:Palawano
5158:Palaweño
5115:Ratagnon
5062:Higaonon
5057:Bukidnon
5034:Tinguian
4999:Balangao
4983:Highland
4888:Butuanon
4880:Mindanao
4840:Capiznon
4835:Boholano
4751:Bugkalot
4746:Bicolano
4646:See also
4618:Colombia
4554:Galician
4539:Canarian
4529:Asturian
4494:Honduras
4215:Archived
4171:Archived
4129:Archived
4117:Archived
4106:Archived
4095:Archived
4084:Archived
4065:July 19,
3957:Archived
3776:Archived
3733:Archived
3701:Archived
3629:Archived
3599:Archived
3547:Archived
3521:Archived
3495:Archived
3477:29792149
3397:July 30,
3365:29792149
3223:Archived
3221:. 1893.
3064:See also
2973:- Writer
2967:- Writer
2915:- Singer
2909:- Singer
2903:- Singer
2897:- Singer
2886:- Artist
2803:Football
2673:" (lit.
2641:Filipino
2626:Catholic
2488:Baybayin
2265:Filipino
2071:Religion
2032:Filipino
2004:citizens
1991:Americas
1943:Filipino
1660:154-1/2
1628:719-1/2
1589:Zambales
1557:Pampanga
1535:4,000-8
1509:Batangas
1487:9,132-4
1360:Filipino
1306:Moluccas
1292:and the
1280:and the
1228:Acapulco
1182:Pampanga
1047:Hispanic
978:Hispanic
864:American
860:European
826:mestizos
822:Criollos
774:Filipino
709:Category
619:Galician
495:Colombia
435:Occitans
378:Criollos
372:Catalans
272:a series
270:Part of
254:Religion
236:Filipino
133:Religion
117:, other
111:Filipino
5347:Spanish
5342:Russian
5322:English
5301:Iranian
5261:Chinese
5245:Mexican
5148:Mamanwa
5125:Negrito
5107:Mangyan
5092:Teduray
5087:Tasaday
5082:Subanon
5072:Mandaya
5067:Mamanwa
5024:Kalinga
4951:Maranao
4893:Kalagan
4860:Karay-a
4845:Cebuano
4830:Aklanon
4822:Visayas
4812:Tagalog
4772:Ilocano
4762:Gaddang
4757:Cuyunon
4730:Lowland
4628:Uruguay
4565:Oceania
4549:Catalan
4499:Jamaica
4433:Germany
3605:May 12,
3579:May 12,
3553:May 12,
3527:May 12,
3501:May 12,
2956:- Actor
2950:- Actor
2766:Cuisine
2741:Spanish
2733:English
2699:Spanish
2675:Spanish
2645:English
2633:Spanish
2623:Spanish
2613:of the
2504:Spanish
2480:Tagalog
2476:Spanish
2314:Ternate
2247:) is a
2241:Spanish
2216:Basilan
2192:Tagalog
2188:English
2129:Tagalog
2125:English
2121:Spanish
1954:Negrito
1932:Mulatto
1928:Mestizo
1921:Criollo
1903:Spanish
1866:299,049
1839:11,620
1829:Antique
1823:14,867
1817:11,459
1807:37,760
1801:29,723
1765:Misamis
1743:10,011
1740:37-1/2
1711:28,863
1685:Tayabas
1679:16,093
1673:12,339
1663:24,994
1637:Cagayan
1631:25,366
1625:19,836
1615:68,856
1541:Bulacan
1525:Mindoro
1513:15,014
1409:or the
1401:by the
1370:. The
1352:Spanish
1298:Formosa
1118:History
852:Castile
810:Spanish
786:Cebuano
778:Tagalog
766:Spanish
675:Aranese
670:Occitan
614:Catalan
595:Spanish
572:Uruguay
515:Germany
480:Belgium
470:Andorra
420:Gitanos
410:Berbers
394:Leonese
354:Isleños
351:(incl.
343:Basques
244:English
228:Spanish
123:English
115:Tagalog
107:Spanish
5337:Polish
5327:German
5315:Europe
5306:Jewish
5281:Korean
5266:Indian
5186:Molbog
5077:Manobo
5014:Ifugao
5009:Ibaloi
5004:Bontoc
4991:Igorot
4961:Tausug
4941:Iranun
4936:Kaagan
4850:Eskaya
4807:Sambal
4782:Ivatan
4777:Itawes
4767:Ibanag
4658:Isleño
4608:Brazil
4585:Hawaii
4534:Basque
4504:Mexico
4469:Canada
4464:Belize
4443:Sweden
4428:France
4421:Europe
4384:Africa
4021:
3949:
3768:
3475:
3467:
3430:
3388:
3363:
2919:Films
2907:Chanty
2890:Music
2838:Sport
2811:Tennis
2782:, and
2424:, and
2390:, and
2348:creole
2322:Ermita
1945:or an
1871:13,201
1855:3,161
1849:2,289
1833:9,228
1797:Iloilo
1791:7,176
1785:5,741
1775:1,674
1769:1,278
1759:4,977
1753:3,497
1749:Caraga
1737:7,678
1727:4,060
1721:3,042
1695:9,228
1689:7,396
1641:9,888
1605:Ilocos
1599:4,389
1593:1,136
1583:5,433
1577:3,082
1573:Bataan
1564:2,641
1548:2,007
1532:3-1/2
1529:3,165
1493:Laguna
1477:Cavite
1468:3,528
1399:Mexico
1318:Manila
1302:Taiwan
1284:, the
1184:, and
1174:Iloilo
1161:Mexico
1104:census
1085:Europe
1073:, and
1054:Latino
1000:. The
996:, and
954:ANSCOR
804:and a
802:ethnic
609:Basque
552:Sweden
525:Mexico
510:France
485:Brazil
449:Xuetes
274:on the
216:Bauang
154:Other
5332:Greek
5176:Batak
5143:Batak
5097:Tboli
5052:Blaan
5044:Lumad
5019:Isneg
4966:Yakan
4956:Samal
4926:Bajau
4870:Waray
4738:Luzon
4716:Pinoy
4613:Chile
4285:Chile
3986:(PDF)
3704:(PDF)
3697:(PDF)
3668:(PDF)
3657:(PDF)
3473:JSTOR
3361:JSTOR
3226:(PDF)
3219:(PDF)
3135:Notes
2703:Ghent
2683:novel
2603:novel
2593:Latin
2543:The "
2484:Latin
2294:is a
2039:Asian
1980:Samar
1976:Leyte
1958:Negro
1939:Indio
1886:Bicol
1861:TOTAL
1813:Capiz
1733:Leyte
1717:Samar
1669:Albay
1461:Tondo
1290:Palau
1194:Malay
1170:Vigan
1067:Pinoy
872:white
841:Spain
673:(AKA
598:(AKA
520:Italy
490:Chile
208:Vigan
87:Spain
5296:Arab
5254:Asia
5133:Aeta
4918:Moro
4623:Peru
4479:Cuba
4405:Asia
4223:2008
4179:2010
4067:2010
4019:ISBN
3994:2021
3965:2024
3947:ISBN
3784:2016
3766:ISBN
3741:2022
3712:2023
3676:2016
3637:2016
3607:2016
3581:2016
3555:2016
3529:2016
3503:2016
3465:ISSN
3428:ISBN
3399:2020
3386:ISBN
3334:2023
3234:2024
2879:Art
2817:and
2737:poem
2486:and
2478:and
2352:Asia
2320:and
2179:and
2127:and
2113:and
1978:and
1804:166
1724:103
1708:625
1701:Cebu
1676:146
1612:631
1580:619
1516:451
1500:336
1484:859
1392:Guam
1390:and
1346:The
1314:Cebu
1278:Guam
1256:The
1178:Cebu
1126:and
1093:Cebu
1087:and
1004:and
870:and
843:and
660:Fala
640:Caló
535:Peru
500:Cuba
447:and
246:and
158:and
125:and
93:and
5138:Ati
4194:or
3420:doi
2757:by
2743:by
2643:or
2350:in
1956:"/"
1930:"/"
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1692:12
1596:73
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936:,
862:or
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1276:,
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1099:.
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