23:
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actually carried a total of 80 guns, comprising 28 Ă— 24-pounder long guns on her lower deck, 30 Ă— 24-pounder long guns on her upper deck (having replaced the original 18-pounders on that level), 4 Ă— 8-pounder long guns and 8 Ă— 30-pounder
345:, the upper parts of the ship were made from pine and cedar instead of oak to reduce weight and lower the centre of gravity and the vessel was constructed shorter in length than a traditional Spanish seventy-four would be.
614:
22:
341:
incorporated many amendments from traditional
Spanish designs in order to improve her speed. Instead of traditional iron bolts holding the hull together the vessel utilised much lighter wooden
393:. She was ordered on 23 February 1784 with her keel being laid down a little over a month later. She took ten months to build, being launched on 22 January 1785. She began a forty-day
630:
401:
was refitted in 1788 and underwent more trials before being placed into reserve once more in
October of that year. She was reactivated again in April 1789 and made a cruise to
459:
415:
then sailed on campaign against the French and
British navies for four years beginning in 1793. She returned to port at Cadiz on 3 March 1797 and was subsequently
289:(howitzers) by the time of Trafalgar. She saw service against French and British vessels in the late 18th century, sailed twice to the Americas and was trapped in
953:
353:
Although completed with 74 guns, she was later re-armed in accordance with the
October 1803 Ordnance Regulations, and by the time of her participation at the
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and launched in 1785. She was designed to be lighter than traditional
Spanish vessels which had had difficulty matching the speed of ships of the
270:
443:
in 1802 for the last time in her career. After another period of refit in July and August 1805 she joined the main
Spanish fleet prior to the
910:
510:. The Spanish vessel had already been damaged in the action and after a fierce fight lasting less than an hour surrendered to the British
500:
was at the rear of the
British line and so joined the battle later than most other ships but had already dismasted the French 74-gun ship
932:
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had been in
Spanish service for 21 years but had spent 9 of those years disarmed in reserve and had not fought any engagements.
397:
period on 19 August 1785 but shortly afterwards was disarmed at
Cartagena and placed in reserve for two years and nine months.
46:
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in various wars the
Spanish admirals were concerned that their ships could not match equivalent British vessels for speed.
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underwent a third period of reserve later that year before being reactivated and having her interior layout rearranged.
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550:. She was decommissioned later that year and reduced to a victualling storeship in Portsmouth and, later,
32:
475:, riding at anchor the day after Trafalgar, near Cadiz, with other ships wrecked on the coast around
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has been described as a technical milestone in 18th-century Spanish shipbuilding. Having fought the
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Winfield, Rif; Tredrea, John M; GarcĂa-Torralba PĂ©rez, Enrique & Blasco Felip, Manuel (2023).
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on her forecastle, and 6 Ă— 24-pounder obuses on her poop. However, unlike most other Spanish
621:
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97:
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526:, surviving the storm that followed the battle. She was taken into British service as HMS
476:
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was designed by José Romero Fernández de Landa and built by him at the naval dockyard in
588:'s funeral on 9 January 1806. The flag, damaged during the battle, was presented to the
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315:
and successfully weathered the storm afterwards to be taken into Royal Navy service as
903:
Spanish Warships in the Age of Sail 1700—1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
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and her commander, Brigadier (Commodore) José de Vargas, were captured by the British
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until 3 April 1806 when she was placed under the command of newly promoted Captain
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876:"Rare view of massive Spanish ship's flag, captured at the Battle of Trafalgar"
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The Ships of Trafalgar: The British, French and Spanish Fleets, October 1805
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366:(howitzers) on her quarterdeck, 2 Ă— 8-pounder long guns and 2 Ă— 30-pounder
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in Portsmouth on 19 June but recommissioned on 22 July 1808 under Captain
551:
543:
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342:
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The Spanish at Trafalgar: ships, cannons, men and a problematic alliance
431:, who would later lead the Spanish forces against French troops in the
424:
75:
435:, served aboard the ship due to a shortage of trained naval officers.
423:
sailed to America twice from 1798 to 1802 as an escort to convoys of
554:. Being obsolete and of no further use after the conclusion of the
514:, having suffered casualties amounting to 34 dead and 126 wounded.
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did not carry any four-pounder anti-personnel obuses on her poop.
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79:
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31:
going into Portsmouth harbour on 12 June 1814, drawn by
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In 1962 the ensign was draped over the parapet of the
608:The ensign draped in St Paul's for Nelsons funeral
707:"Ship structures under sail and under gunfire"
8:
580:flew at the Battle of Trafalgar was hung in
374:(including all those present at Trafalgar),
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705:Fernández-González, Professor Francisco.
427:. During these voyages artillery officer
405:in August, becoming damaged on the way.
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572:The 145 m (1,560 sq ft)
542:, a veteran of Trafalgar. The ship was
244:10 Ă— 8-pounder long guns on quarterdeck
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954:Ships of the line of the Spanish Navy
905:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
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247:6 Ă— 8-pounder long guns on forecastle
127:
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7:
974:Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
712:. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
14:
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793:DomĂnguez, JosĂ© Manuel Navarro.
768:"Guns at Trafalgar - statistics"
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558:she was broken up in July 1816.
285:actually carried 80 cannons and
129:
45:
21:
949:Ships built in Cartagena, Spain
774:. Journal for Maritime Research
518:was successfully towed by the
447:. In her career to this point
271:José Romero Fernández de Landa
1:
301:was captured by the British
281:, and always rated as such,
455:Capture and British service
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596:by the cathedral in 1907.
933:San Ildefonso (ship 1785)
439:was placed in reserve at
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39:
20:
638:National Maritime Museum
590:National Maritime Museum
277:. Though completed as a
188:As a storeship late 1808
838:Goodwin, Peter (2005).
201:General characteristics
561:
480:
417:blockaded in that port
196:Broken up in July 1816
33:John Christian Schetky
462:
969:Napoleonic-era ships
935:at Wikimedia Commons
878:. Fondation Napoléon
745:. The Woodland Trust
433:Dos de Mayo Uprising
429:Luis Daoiz de Torres
239:18-pounder long guns
232:24-pounder long guns
844:. Conway Maritime.
582:St Paul's Cathedral
445:Battle of Trafalgar
419:by the Royal Navy.
355:Battle of Trafalgar
313:Battle of Trafalgar
226:74 guns (original):
481:
261:was a ship of the
931:Media related to
912:978-1-5267-9078-1
636:Presently at the
372:ships of the line
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534:was laid up at
467:(left) and her
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269:to a design by
156:21 October 1805
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115:22 January 1785
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563:San Ildefonso
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29:San Ildefonso
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895:Bibliography
880:. Retrieved
855:. Retrieved
840:
833:
821:. Retrieved
811:
799:. Retrieved
797:(in Spanish)
795:"Luiz Daoiz"
788:
776:. Retrieved
771:
747:. Retrieved
714:. Retrieved
577:
574:naval ensign
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263:Spanish Navy
257:
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210:Seventy-four
185:Reclassified
180:22 July 1808
172:19 June 1806
164:3 April 1806
161:Commissioned
146:
60:
28:
15:
817:"San Telmo"
279:74-gun ship
265:, built at
959:1785 ships
943:Categories
882:23 January
857:9 February
823:29 January
778:23 January
749:23 January
716:23 January
649:References
536:Portsmouth
488:third-rate
335:Royal Navy
303:third-rate
275:Royal Navy
214:third rate
801:3 October
743:"Defence"
642:Greenwich
594:Greenwich
532:Ildefonso
528:Ildefonso
524:Gibraltar
395:sea trial
391:Cartagena
343:treenails
319:Ildefonso
306:HMS
147:Ildefonso
104:Laid down
98:Cartagena
819:. Navwar
568:s ensign
552:Spithead
544:paid off
425:galleons
349:Armament
221:Armament
153:Acquired
120:Captured
112:Launched
70:Town of
67:Namesake
520:Defence
512:Defence
503:Berwick
498:Defence
493:Defence
465:Defence
311:at the
308:Defence
293:by the
94:Builder
86:Ordered
76:Segovia
40:History
909:
848:
471:, the
441:Ferrol
368:obuses
364:obuses
326:Design
287:obuses
710:(PDF)
576:that
566:'
469:prize
403:Cádiz
291:Cadiz
237:30 Ă—
230:28 Ă—
80:Spain
51:Spain
907:ISBN
884:2011
859:2018
846:ISBN
825:2011
803:2010
780:2011
751:2011
718:2011
491:HMS
477:Rota
463:HMS
317:HMS
193:Fate
145:HMS
142:Name
57:Name
27:The
584:at
522:to
945::
867:^
770:.
759:^
726:^
657:^
640:,
592:,
530:.
496:.
357:,
322:.
297:.
78:,
74:,
915:.
886:.
861:.
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216:)
212:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
