Sports journalism - Knowledge (XXG)

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complement and a competitor of newspaper sports journalism. Digital sports journalism began in the mid 1990s with ESPN creating the first website in 1995. At first digital sports journalism covered broad topics in scope, but as time went on and the internet became more widespread, bloggers and location and team specific websites started taking over the market. A majority of these smaller websites did not charge a subscription fee as it was funded on advertising. This lower cost to the consumer as well as increased access to variety of very specific content led to the shift away from print and towards digital. However, the growth seen in the digital space which has increased advertising revenue has not balanced out the losses from print journalism. The importance of click count has gone up as these sites are being funded by online advertisers. This has led to many shorter journalistic pieces offering controversial opinions in order to generate the most clicks. Sportswriters regularly face more deadline pressure than other reporters because sporting events tend to occur late in the day and closer to the deadlines many organizations must observe. Yet they are expected to use the same tools as news journalists, and to uphold the same professional and ethical standards. They must take care not to show bias for any team. Twitter and other social media platforms became sports information providers. Twitter became a platform for sports in 2009 during the NBA playoffs. By the end of April, tweeting by television sports analysts, announcers, and journalists was the new trend in sports.

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Bleacher Report, Global Sports Media, House of Highlights, and YouTube. The rise of mobile streaming has led to approximately 65% of sports followers streaming sports on a mobile device. Smartphones also allow for 24 hour access to sports news via social media apps such as Instagram, Twitter, or Facebook. They are a very fast and convenient way to access sports news on the go no matter where you are. The applications on smartphones that contain information about sports news and events are generally free. Fans ability to access sports on their smartphones allows them to personally engage (i.e. fantasy sports) and/or absorb sports information. Smartphones have truly increased the spread of sports news, typically in the form of videos, highlights, scores, and articles. Applications on smartphones, especially Twitter and ESPN, tend to be the platforms where sports breaking news first emerge. Overall, smartphones provide readily available sports news that can be accessed during the course of a sports fan's everyday life.

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conveyed to the public. The author creates a story from the raw quotes provided by the athlete and this is published to thousands of viewers. Inherent in the publication will be the biases of the author and this will be passed on to the reader (cite). As sports moves more and more into the political discussion space, sports journalist will have increasingly more power over the public sentiment of the hottest issues at the moment.

905:. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling 3076: 3086: 77: 1661: 934:— or more fully "the Sweet Science of Bruising" as a description of England's bare-knuckle fight scene. During the 1820s and 1830s, the primary demographic target for newspapers was the social elite as newspaper was too expensive for the common man. Approaching the 20th century, several important changes occurred that lead to the increased saturation of sports journalism in the 179: 36: 978:

risen to 20 percent. During this time, newspapers focused mainly on play by play coverage and game recaps of the sport events. Local publications started hiring beat reporters who were tasked with following all developments pertaining to the team. This included traveling with the team and interviewing the players. Teams also started constructing dedicated sections called

3064: 1074:. A large reason for this shift is due to many articles being published about the increased benefit of using analytics to make strategic decisions in a game. As there is data collected about every instance in every sport, sports data analysis has increased. Sports publications are now hiring people with extensive background in 1703:

before she joined CBS in 1984 as a part-time reporter. She is the only sportscaster in history, male or female, to have worked on the Final Four, NBA Finals, World Series, Monday Night Football, the Super Bowl, the Olympics, and the US Open broadcasts. She has been voted the No. 1 Female Sportscaster

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Since the 1990s, the growing importance of sport, its impact as a global business and the huge amounts of money involved in the staging of events such as the Olympic Games and football World Cups, has also attracted the attention of investigative journalists. The sensitive nature of the relationships

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before his football games has created diverse and varied coverage. His actions have taken his discussion from the sports field and into the national scope as major political pundits and even the Presidents commenting on the ethics of his actions. Kaepernick cites that his position as a quarterback in

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Since the start of the new millennium, circulation and advertising numbers of print newspapers having been falling rapidly. This has led to widespread cost cutting and layoffs across the industry. There are 29 percent fewer journalists in the workforce now when compared to the number of journalist in

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It wasn't until 1978 that female sports journalists were allowed to enter locker rooms for interviews. Sports Illustrated reporter, Melissa Ludtke, sued the New York Yankees for not allowing her to interview players in the locker room during the 1977 World Series. A federal judge ruled that this ban

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The rise of smartphones have recently taken off and altered the way sports media has been presented. Smartphones have had a big influence on how the public perceives sports entertainment and content. Sports media is often accessible on various applications on the smartphone. These apps include ESPN,

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There has been an ongoing debate as to whether or not female reporters should be allowed in the locker rooms after games. If they are denied access, this gives male reporters a competitive advantage in the field, as they can interview players in the locker room after games. If locker room access is

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in 1883 was the first newspaper to have a full times sports department. The following period from 1880 to 1920 saw a massive increase in sports coverage in publications. A study showed that in 1880 only 0.4 percent of space in the newspaper was dedicated to sports. By the 1920s, that proportion had

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Modern sports journalism found its roots as content started to appear in newspapers in the early 1800s. At the start, the sports sporadically covered were horse racing and boxing. The focus of the coverage would be less on the event itself and more on the greater social context. Horse races between

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began to sprout as full-time sport analytic sites that took available data and constructed analytic heavy articles pertaining to sports. ESPN has implemented a segment in their shows called ‘Sports Science’ where stars of every sport come in to test how advanced analytics affect field performance.

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After the Second World War, the sports sections of British national daily and Sunday newspapers continued to expand, to the point where many papers now have separate standalone sports sections; some Sunday tabloids even have sections, additional to the sports pages, devoted solely to the previous

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In Britain, the Sports Journalists' Association was founded in 1948. It stages two awards events, an annual Sports Awards ceremony which recognizes outstanding performances by British sportsmen and women during the previous year, and the British Sports Journalism Awards, the industry's "Oscars",

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Through the 1970s and 1980s, a rise in "citizen journalism" in Europe was witnessed in the rapid growth in popularity of soccer "fanzines" - cheaply printed magazines written by fans for fans that bypassed often stilted official club match programs and traditional media. Many continue today and

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gives him a unique opportunity to carry out his message. Kaepernick's actions have inspired a wave of athletes using their position to take on social issues ranging from abortion to college athletes getting monetary compensation. Sports journalism plays a significant role in how these views are

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As technology introduced new developments like the radio, television and the internet, the focus of sports coverage shifted from the play by play to statistical analysis of the game and background pieces on the players. This was also coupled with a massive increase in sports amongst the general

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and ESPN have had to cut content, increase prices and reduce the number of publications which leads to more people unsubscribing from the content. The fall in print sports journalism can be tied to the rise of internet and digital sports journalism. Digital sports journalism serves as both a

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More recently, investment vehicles like Rocket Sports Internet have emerged that provide capital for sports journalists and news creators to run their own businesses and leverage the increasing number of ways that creators can more easily generate revenue streams outside of the conventional

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sponsored by UK Sport and presented each March. Founded as the Sports Writers' Association, following a merger with the Professional Sports Photographers' Association in 2002, the organization changed its title to the more inclusive SJA. The SJA represents the British sports media on the

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The International Sports Press Association, AIPS, was founded in 1924 during the Olympic Games in Paris, at the headquarters of the Sporting Club de France, by Frantz Reichel, the press chief of the Paris Games, and the Belgian Victor Boin. AIPS operates through a system of continental

1291:, began to adopt the policy of hiring former sports stars to pen columns, which were often ghost written. Some such ghosted columns, however, did little to further the reputation of sports journalism, which is increasingly becoming the subject of academic scrutiny of its standards. 1513:. Many sports also have their own clubs and associations for specified journalists. These organizations attempt to maintain the standard of press provision at sports venues, to oversee fair accreditation procedures and to celebrate high standards of sports journalism. 1294:

Many "ghosted" columns were often run by independent sports agencies, based in Fleet Street or in the provinces, who had signed up the sports star to a contract and then syndicated their material among various titles. These agencies included Pardons, or the

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collapsed within sight of the finishing line when leading, that Conan Doyle led a public subscription campaign to see the gallant Italian, having been denied the gold medal through his disqualification, awarded a special silver cup, which was presented by

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day's football reports. In some respects, this has replaced the earlier practice of many regional newspapers which - until overtaken by the pace of modern electronic media - would produce special results editions rushed out on Saturday evenings.

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McIlvanney and Wooldridge, who died in March 2007, aged 75, both enjoyed careers that saw them frequently work in television. During his career, Wooldridge became so famous that, like the sports stars he reported upon, he hired the services of

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in order to publish articles detailing the analysis these teams are conducting. New metrics have been created to study the quality of player performance. The metrics have also been used to compile rankings of players and teams. Blog sites like

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between sports journalists and the subjects of their reporting, as well as declining budgets experienced by most Fleet Street newspapers, has meant that such long-term projects have often emanated from television documentary makers.

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having dedicated sports sections. The increased popularity of sports amongst the middle and lower class led to the more coverage of sports content in publications. The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as

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The rise of the radio made sports journalism more focused on the live coverage of the sporting events. The first sports reporter in Great Britain, and one of the first sports reporters in the World, was an English writer

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There are also editorially managed sites that do pay their contributors in a similar fashion to traditional publishers. I.e. a price per word or per article. Examples of these are Athlon Sports and The Sporting Blog.

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The tradition of sports reporting attracting some of the finest writers in journalism can be traced to the coverage of sport in Victorian England, where several modern sports – such as association football,

890:. Sports journalism has its roots in coverage of horse racing and boxing in the early 1800s, mainly targeted towards elites, and into the 1900s transitioned into an integral part of the news business with 1212:, which in those Edwardian times was a daily newspaper which sought to cover all sporting events, rather than just a betting paper for horse racing and greyhounds that it became in the years after the 1539:

For horse racing the Horserace Writers and Photographers’ Association was founded in 1927, was revived in 1967, and represents the interests of racing journalists in every branch of the media.

1641:, and Muckrack, which are free platforms to use, which in turn do not pay the contributors. This can lead to a lack of quality as there is no editorial element, however their reach is large. 1585:

In more recent years, sports journalism has turned its attention to online news and press release media and provided services to Associated Press and other major news syndication services.

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public. The increased popularity of football, basketball and hockey meant more content to publish and more interested readers to publish to. This led to the creation of journals like

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which allowed for cheaper and more tabloid style of newspaper production. Newspapers also began using advertising to pay for their production costs instead of relying on circulation.

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There are now platforms that act as 'Blog hosts', which allow both amateur and professional sports writers to host their content without the need for a custom website. These include

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The 1920s has been called the "Golden Age of American Sports". Baseball became the national pastime, college football became popular, and radio and newspaper coverage increased. The

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was the brainchild of Henry Lucre who felt that the established publishers at the time were not taking advantage of the public's massive appetite for sports. With weekly issues,

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The advent of the Internet has seen much of this fan-generated energy directed into sports blogs. Ranging from team-centric blogs to those that cover the sports media itself,

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There has been much pushback by many over the use of analytics in sports. Many established coaches are quick to bash analytics as narrow and ignorant of the big picture.

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the North and South and boxing bouts between US and England garnered much interest from the social elite. In the early nineteenth century, popular British sportswriter

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are considered pioneers in women's sportscasting. Chastain was the first woman to work for a large network (CBS) and the first woman to do play-by-play in the '60s.

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and England international matches from the BBC to rival broadcasters ITV. One of the reasons cited was that the BBC had been too critical of the performances of the

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denied to all reporters - male and female - because of this controversy, male journalists would likely resent female reporters for having their access taken away.

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was born, and sports journalism's role in its foundation is still reflected today in the leading rider wearing a yellow jersey - the color of the paper on which

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was able to produce more classic journalistic pieces as the writers had more time to research and conduct longer interview sit downs with players and coaches.

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Other sports blogs such as Fansided and SB Nation suggest a combination of traffic and results based incentives with regards to recompense for contributions.

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as its cricket correspondent as well as its music critic. Cardus was later knighted for his services to journalism. One of his successors,

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sub-associations and national associations, and liaises closely with some of the world's biggest sports federations, including the

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in 1908 attracted such widespread public interest that many newspapers assigned their very best-known writers to the event. The

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monitors trends and strategy within the sports media industry. The center is also home to the Associated Press Sports Editors.

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to enhance the cooperation between its member associations in defending sport and the professional interest of their members.

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McNay, John (2008). "Breaking the Copper Collar: Press Freedom, Professionalization and the History of Montana Journalism".

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Many became household names in the late 20th century through their trenchant reporting of events, spurring popularity: the

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established a similar tradition, with the leading rider wearing a jersey the same pink color as the sponsoring newspaper,

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with their controversial investigation of corruption within the International Olympic Committee. Jennings and Simson's

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in baseball is an example of this. Modern controversies regarding the hyper-compensation of top athletes, the use of

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unravelled many scandals involving doping, fixed races and bribery in international athletics in their 1996 book,

200: 87: 2470: 1780: 1436: 3487: 3427: 3304: 3299: 3236: 3115: 2910: 2837: 2560: 1630:, ProFootballTalk.com, BaseballEssential.com, Tireball Sports, AOL Fanhouse, Masshole Sports, the blogs in the 1611: 1470: 1296: 1058: 568: 508: 387: 382: 316: 1763: 1134:, possibly because of its esteemed place in society, has regularly attracted the most elegant of writers. The 109: 2368: 3482: 3225: 3037: 2657: 1493:, producing popular books on a range of sporting topics, including biographies, history and investigations. 1362: 1121: 563: 305: 1885: 3457: 3382: 3261: 3047: 1732: 1598: 1532:

to strengthen the friendship, solidarity and common interests between sports journalists of all countries.

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There has been a major shift within sports in the last decade as more sports teams are switching to using

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1980. These developments have significantly affected sports journalism as established publications like

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organisational structures. Early successes include BenchWarmers, Empire of the Kop and caughtoffside.

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is a key social media app on smartphones that contributes to the rise of sports journalism and media.

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Sports stories occasionally transcend the games themselves and take on socio-political significance:

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award in 1989, which has continued to reward authors for their excellence in sports literature.

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in Salt Lake City; Jennings would follow-up with two further books on the Olympics and one on

1275: 1037: 962: 831: 757: 742: 709: 633: 623: 613: 513: 437: 427: 346: 253: 2096: 1609:, Munro was hired by the club to write for its matchday magazine and is now sports editor of 1412:, which analyzed British football, followed in the tradition established a decade earlier by 1109:– were first organized and codified into something resembling what we would recognize today. 3668: 3625: 3620: 3547: 3517: 3467: 3422: 3319: 3042: 2953: 2935: 2873: 2782: 2772: 2754: 2652: 2645: 2530: 2157: 2148:

Schultz, Brian (September 2007). "Sports journalists who blog cling to traditional values".

2061: 2011: 1699: 1638: 1254: 1213: 1049: 935: 747: 704: 699: 628: 598: 548: 503: 402: 3522: 3442: 3294: 3284: 3182: 3079: 3032: 3017: 2943: 2895: 2820: 2810: 2722: 2620: 2615: 2540: 2475: 2395:"Fact: The Golden State is the epicenter of baseball, a mother lode of sun-ripened talent" 1623: 1602: 1413: 1350: 1335: 1315: 1280: 1186: 1084: 1053: 1029: 965:

being scored) to bring visual imagery to their audience while reporting on sports stories.

808: 603: 523: 377: 367: 1048:, also demonstrates how sports can intrude on to the news pages. Recently, the issue of 992:, first published in 1954, was one of the first publications to solely focus on sports. 3502: 3256: 3177: 3027: 2996: 2853: 2825: 2792: 2777: 2669: 2640: 2575: 2565: 2493: 1390: 1378: 1358: 1327: 1288: 1246: 1205: 1181: 1141: 1117: 1116:

provided the first mass spectator event for journalistic coverage. The Race, an annual

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and originally staged over the 1908 Olympic route from outside the royal residence at

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Sportswriting in Britain has attracted some of the finest journalistic talents. The

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The Bittersweet Science: Fifteen Writers in the Gym, in the Corner, and at Ringside

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in many ways predicted the scandals that were to emerge around the staging of the

1189:. And the public imagination was so well caught by the event that annual races in 3673: 3241: 2739: 2707: 2272:"Sports Fans More Likely To Consume Smartphone Content But Pay-TV Still Popular" 1724: 1370: 1366: 1225: 1145: 1079: 939: 927: 887: 752: 321: 76: 2161: 1660: 3605: 3412: 3362: 3251: 3211: 3147: 3131: 2968: 2545: 2535: 2065: 1785: 1740: 1631: 1473:

opted to switch its multimillion-pound contract for UK coverage rights of the

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Further information on social and political effects of sports journalism:

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But the writing of such exposes - referred to as "spitting in the soup" by

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in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.

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Ashraf, Syed Irfan (September 2013). "Doing the Censors' Work for Them".

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Rooting for the story: Institutional sports journalism in the digital age

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The stakes can be high when upsetting sport's powers: in 2007, England's

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Women have not always been in the sports reporting field. Women such as

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was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment.

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s Paul Kimmage won the interviewer of the year prize for a fifth time.

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was the first newspapers to publishing consistent sports coverage. The

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Online. Other titles, such as the irreverent monthly soccer magazine

1474: 1190: 813: 2320:"Article - Women in Sportscasting: A Brief History, by Lou Schwartz" 1719:(whom some consider the "Jackie Robinson of female sportswriters"), 207:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2212:"The Future of Sports Journalism in a Technologically Driven World" 982:

in the stadiums for the press to sit and record notes on the game.

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Form of journalism that reports on sporting topics and competitions

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Masters of Theory: Cambridge and the Rise of Mathematical Physics

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to assure the best possible working conditions for the members.

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List of American journalism awards § Sports journalism

1975:"Sports Illustrated, The Magazine That Popularized Sports" 1601:, have been adopted by their clubs. Once an editor of the 2485: 1357:'s fight career, including his 1974 title bout against 958:

of key action shots of games (such as this photo of an

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Network, and others have garnered massive followings.

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coined the term "the Sweet Science" as an epithet for

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Schlesinger, Arthur (1933). "The rise of the city".

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National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association

3640: 3567: 3372: 3276: 3198: 3138: 3010: 2977: 2934: 2846: 2801: 2753: 2700: 2574: 2523: 101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1389:, the agency founded by the American businessman, 1140:, in the first half of the 20th century, employed 1913: 1911: 1801:National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association 1521:, football's world governing body FIFA, and the 1489:Increasingly, sports journalists have turned to 1365:; and the career highs and lows of the likes of 1904:. University of Chicago Press. 2017. p. 3. 2097:"Sports Journalism in the Age of Social Media" 1920:"Sports in the 1920s:The Golden age of Sports" 1299:, which routinely provided the editors of the 3116: 2501: 1578:In the United States, the Indianapolis-based 856: 8: 1847:United States Basketball Writers Association 2467:Course Module Overview on Sports Journalism 2300:UF College of Journalism and Communications 1926:. NCpedia (State Library of North Carolina) 1563:, then the chief football correspondent of 1546:Press room at the Philips Stadion, home of 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3123: 3109: 3101: 2508: 2494: 2486: 1208:to White City, was first sponsored by the 1180:Such was the drama of that race, in which 863: 849: 264: 2369:"Working in Sports Journalism as a Woman" 1287:using former England cricket captain Sir 241:Learn how and when to remove this message 223:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 1831:Professional Hockey Writers' Association 1753:Baseball Writers' Association of America 1408:, with his 2003 sports book of the year 1342:, and columnist Patrick Collins, of the 1279:, with 1924 Olympic 100 meters champion 1859: 1769:Football Writers Association of America 1509:Most countries have their own national 765: 717: 646: 455: 359: 267: 2423:Sports Journalism: A Multimedia Primer 1837:Scottish Football Writers' Association 882:that reports on matters pertaining to 2206: 2204: 2118: 2116: 1943: 1941: 1697:Lesley Visser was a sportswriter for 7: 1997: 1995: 1969: 1967: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1619:, have effectively gone mainstream. 1499:William Hill Sports Book of the Year 1128:, has been held annually from 1856. 99:adding citations to reliable sources 2123:Cruz, Christopher M. (2017-03-22). 2324:American Sportscasters Association 2095:Wasserstein, Felipe (2017-04-12). 1819:Pro Basketball Writers Association 1397:Investigative journalism and sport 1112:Andrew Warwick has suggested that 938:. The first was the advent of the 257:Sports photographers at a game at 25: 1807:National Sports Journalism Center 1580:National Sports Journalism Center 1511:association of sports journalists 1152:, was also known for his poetry. 45:This article has multiple issues. 3084: 3075: 3074: 3062: 1825:Pro Football Writers Association 1796:List of sports journalism awards 1435:Likewise, award-winning writers 825: 275: 177: 75: 34: 3085: 2125:"Kaepernick and Media Coverage" 1918:Summer, Jim (January 1, 2004). 1519:International Olympic Committee 1497:was the first recipient of the 1351:Massacre at the Munich Olympics 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 2016:10.1080/08821127.2008.10678094 1890:(Thesis). Syracuse University. 1884:Motiz, Brian (December 2014). 1715:Some female reporters include 1381:and other high-profile stars. 1: 3188:Pundit / commentator 2184:"Global Club Soccer Rankings" 1775:Football Writers' Association 1759:Broadcasting of sports events 1550:, prior to a press conference 1265:Sports stars in the press box 1253:was published (in Italy, the 814:Pundit / commentator 1230:British Broadcasting Company 1200:The London race, called the 1018:Socio-political significance 352:Index of journalism articles 3691:List of journalism articles 2393:Kipen, David (2004-07-27). 2243:University of Chicago Press 2039:Those Guys Have all the Fun 1682:List of women sportswriters 1557:British Olympic Association 1432:, the world football body. 1173:to cover the finish of the 1066:Future of sports journalism 1042:performance-enhancing drugs 954:Sports journalists rely on 203:the claims made and adding 3740: 2438:AP Sports Writing Handbook 2162:10.1177/073953290702800406 2150:Newspaper Research Journal 1679: 1021: 3688: 3056: 2471:Open School of Journalism 2066:10.1177/0956474813504871c 2054:British Journalism Review 1781:Ice Hockey Journalists UK 1607:Fortune's Always Dreaming 1273:Some newspapers, such as 837:Category: Journalism 2658:Bodybuilding supplements 2476:List of Sports magazines 2235:Warwick, Andrew (2003). 1297:Cricket Reporting Agency 1228:on June 6, 1923 for the 1059:National Football League 909:. New forms of internet 3148:Journalists (reporters) 2399:San Francisco Chronicle 1950:History of America Life 1363:Heysel Stadium disaster 1224:, who made a report on 1122:University of Cambridge 774:Journalists (reporters) 3262:Editorial independence 2037:Miller, James (2011). 1733:Marjorie Herrera Lewis 1668: 1597:Some authors, such as 1551: 1422:The Lords of the Rings 966: 342:Editorial independence 262: 3616:Pink-slime journalism 3601:Horse race journalism 2441:, McGraw-Hill, 2001, 1764:Cricket Writers' Club 1663: 1545: 1479:England football team 1303:cricket almanac, and 1241:, the predecessor of 1195:1908 Olympic Marathon 1024:Mediatization (media) 953: 832:Journalism portal 695:Pink-slime journalism 680:Horse race journalism 256: 3591:Freedom of the press 2373:www.workinsports.com 1426:2002 Winter Olympics 1338:, best known at the 1202:Polytechnic Marathon 1157:London Olympic Games 1126:University of Oxford 670:Freedom of the press 95:improve this article 3653:Newspaper of record 2425:, Routledge, 2007, 2216:www.sporttechie.com 2004:American Journalism 1617:When Saturday Comes 1137:Manchester Guardian 732:Newspaper of record 110:"Sports journalism" 3719:Sports journalists 2675:Physical education 2481:The Sports Reviews 2375:. 14 November 2016 2270:McCaskill, Steve. 1979:historylessons.net 1842:Sports commentator 1669: 1589:Fanzines and blogs 1552: 1334:and soccer writer 1322:and lately at the 1171:White City Stadium 1167:Arthur Conan Doyle 1120:event between the 1040:and other, banned 1011:Sports Illustrated 998:Sports Illustrated 994:Sports Illustrated 989:Sports Illustrated 967: 898:Sports Illustrated 263: 188:possibly contains 3714:Sports journalism 3701: 3700: 3679:Alternative media 3631:Yellow journalism 3267:Journalism school 3098: 3097: 3069:Sports portal 2680:Physical activity 2626:Athletic training 2609:Strength training 2561:Semi-professional 2447:978-0-07-137218-3 2435:Wilstein, Steve, 2431:978-0-415-39424-6 2172:– via SAGE. 1491:long-form writing 1038:anabolic steroids 876:Sports journalism 873: 872: 758:Alternative media 710:Yellow journalism 347:Journalism school 251: 250: 243: 233: 232: 225: 190:original research 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 3731: 3626:Propaganda model 3621:Public relations 3125: 3118: 3111: 3102: 3088: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3067: 3066: 3065: 2811:General managers 2713:Governing bodies 2510: 2503: 2496: 2487: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2380: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2282: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2208: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2120: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2034: 2028: 2027: 1999: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1986: 1981:. 13 August 2014 1971: 1962: 1961: 1945: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1881: 1700:The Boston Globe 1676:Female reporting 1314:s Peter Wilson, 1283:, or the London 1276:The Sunday Times 1214:Second World War 1050:Colin Kaepernick 865: 858: 851: 830: 829: 828: 705:Propaganda model 700:Public relations 279: 265: 246: 239: 228: 221: 217: 214: 208: 205:inline citations 181: 180: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3563: 3562: 3561: 3523:Photojournalism 3392:Interventionism 3368: 3367: 3366: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3134: 3129: 3099: 3094: 3063: 3061: 3052: 3011:Sport by region 3006: 2973: 2944:Artificial turf 2930: 2901:Olympic culture 2842: 2797: 2749: 2696: 2570: 2541:Military sports 2519: 2514: 2463: 2418: 2416:Further reading 2413: 2412: 2403: 2401: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2378: 2376: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2349:Bleacher Report 2342: 2341: 2337: 2328: 2326: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2304: 2302: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2280: 2278: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2220: 2218: 2210: 2209: 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