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complement and a competitor of newspaper sports journalism. Digital sports journalism began in the mid 1990s with ESPN creating the first website in 1995. At first digital sports journalism covered broad topics in scope, but as time went on and the internet became more widespread, bloggers and location and team specific websites started taking over the market. A majority of these smaller websites did not charge a subscription fee as it was funded on advertising. This lower cost to the consumer as well as increased access to variety of very specific content led to the shift away from print and towards digital. However, the growth seen in the digital space which has increased advertising revenue has not balanced out the losses from print journalism. The importance of click count has gone up as these sites are being funded by online advertisers. This has led to many shorter journalistic pieces offering controversial opinions in order to generate the most clicks. Sportswriters regularly face more deadline pressure than other reporters because sporting events tend to occur late in the day and closer to the deadlines many organizations must observe. Yet they are expected to use the same tools as news journalists, and to uphold the same professional and ethical standards. They must take care not to show bias for any team. Twitter and other social media platforms became sports information providers. Twitter became a platform for sports in 2009 during the NBA playoffs. By the end of April, tweeting by television sports analysts, announcers, and journalists was the new trend in sports.
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Bleacher Report, Global Sports Media, House of
Highlights, and YouTube. The rise of mobile streaming has led to approximately 65% of sports followers streaming sports on a mobile device. Smartphones also allow for 24 hour access to sports news via social media apps such as Instagram, Twitter, or Facebook. They are a very fast and convenient way to access sports news on the go no matter where you are. The applications on smartphones that contain information about sports news and events are generally free. Fans ability to access sports on their smartphones allows them to personally engage (i.e. fantasy sports) and/or absorb sports information. Smartphones have truly increased the spread of sports news, typically in the form of videos, highlights, scores, and articles. Applications on smartphones, especially Twitter and ESPN, tend to be the platforms where sports breaking news first emerge. Overall, smartphones provide readily available sports news that can be accessed during the course of a sports fan's everyday life.
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conveyed to the public. The author creates a story from the raw quotes provided by the athlete and this is published to thousands of viewers. Inherent in the publication will be the biases of the author and this will be passed on to the reader (cite). As sports moves more and more into the political discussion space, sports journalist will have increasingly more power over the public sentiment of the hottest issues at the moment.
894:. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling
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923:— or more fully "the Sweet Science of Bruising" as a description of England's bare-knuckle fight scene. During the 1820s and 1830s, the primary demographic target for newspapers was the social elite as newspaper was too expensive for the common man. Approaching the 20th century, several important changes occurred that lead to the increased saturation of sports journalism in the
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risen to 20 percent. During this time, newspapers focused mainly on play by play coverage and game recaps of the sport events. Local publications started hiring beat reporters who were tasked with following all developments pertaining to the team. This included traveling with the team and interviewing the players. Teams also started constructing dedicated sections called
3053:
1063:. A large reason for this shift is due to many articles being published about the increased benefit of using analytics to make strategic decisions in a game. As there is data collected about every instance in every sport, sports data analysis has increased. Sports publications are now hiring people with extensive background in
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before she joined CBS in 1984 as a part-time reporter. She is the only sportscaster in history, male or female, to have worked on the Final Four, NBA Finals, World Series, Monday Night
Football, the Super Bowl, the Olympics, and the US Open broadcasts. She has been voted the No. 1 Female Sportscaster
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Since the 1990s, the growing importance of sport, its impact as a global business and the huge amounts of money involved in the staging of events such as the
Olympic Games and football World Cups, has also attracted the attention of investigative journalists. The sensitive nature of the relationships
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before his football games has created diverse and varied coverage. His actions have taken his discussion from the sports field and into the national scope as major political pundits and even the
Presidents commenting on the ethics of his actions. Kaepernick cites that his position as a quarterback in
997:
Since the start of the new millennium, circulation and advertising numbers of print newspapers having been falling rapidly. This has led to widespread cost cutting and layoffs across the industry. There are 29 percent fewer journalists in the workforce now when compared to the number of journalist in
1700:
It wasn't until 1978 that female sports journalists were allowed to enter locker rooms for interviews. Sports
Illustrated reporter, Melissa Ludtke, sued the New York Yankees for not allowing her to interview players in the locker room during the 1977 World Series. A federal judge ruled that this ban
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The rise of smartphones have recently taken off and altered the way sports media has been presented. Smartphones have had a big influence on how the public perceives sports entertainment and content. Sports media is often accessible on various applications on the smartphone. These apps include ESPN,
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There has been an ongoing debate as to whether or not female reporters should be allowed in the locker rooms after games. If they are denied access, this gives male reporters a competitive advantage in the field, as they can interview players in the locker room after games. If locker room access is
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in 1883 was the first newspaper to have a full times sports department. The following period from 1880 to 1920 saw a massive increase in sports coverage in publications. A study showed that in 1880 only 0.4 percent of space in the newspaper was dedicated to sports. By the 1920s, that proportion had
914:
Modern sports journalism found its roots as content started to appear in newspapers in the early 1800s. At the start, the sports sporadically covered were horse racing and boxing. The focus of the coverage would be less on the event itself and more on the greater social context. Horse races between
1076:
began to sprout as full-time sport analytic sites that took available data and constructed analytic heavy articles pertaining to sports. ESPN has implemented a segment in their shows called ‘Sports
Science’ where stars of every sport come in to test how advanced analytics affect field performance.
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After the Second World War, the sports sections of
British national daily and Sunday newspapers continued to expand, to the point where many papers now have separate standalone sports sections; some Sunday tabloids even have sections, additional to the sports pages, devoted solely to the previous
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In
Britain, the Sports Journalists' Association was founded in 1948. It stages two awards events, an annual Sports Awards ceremony which recognizes outstanding performances by British sportsmen and women during the previous year, and the British Sports Journalism Awards, the industry's "Oscars",
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Through the 1970s and 1980s, a rise in "citizen journalism" in Europe was witnessed in the rapid growth in popularity of soccer "fanzines" - cheaply printed magazines written by fans for fans that bypassed often stilted official club match programs and traditional media. Many continue today and
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gives him a unique opportunity to carry out his message. Kaepernick's actions have inspired a wave of athletes using their position to take on social issues ranging from abortion to college athletes getting monetary compensation. Sports journalism plays a significant role in how these views are
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As technology introduced new developments like the radio, television and the internet, the focus of sports coverage shifted from the play by play to statistical analysis of the game and background pieces on the players. This was also coupled with a massive increase in sports amongst the general
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and ESPN have had to cut content, increase prices and reduce the number of publications which leads to more people unsubscribing from the content. The fall in print sports journalism can be tied to the rise of internet and digital sports journalism. Digital sports journalism serves as both a
1640:
More recently, investment vehicles like Rocket Sports
Internet have emerged that provide capital for sports journalists and news creators to run their own businesses and leverage the increasing number of ways that creators can more easily generate revenue streams outside of the conventional
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sponsored by UK Sport and presented each March. Founded as the Sports
Writers' Association, following a merger with the Professional Sports Photographers' Association in 2002, the organization changed its title to the more inclusive SJA. The SJA represents the British sports media on the
1505:
The International Sports Press Association, AIPS, was founded in 1924 during the Olympic Games in Paris, at the headquarters of the Sporting Club de France, by Frantz Reichel, the press chief of the Paris Games, and the Belgian Victor Boin. AIPS operates through a system of continental
1280:, began to adopt the policy of hiring former sports stars to pen columns, which were often ghost written. Some such ghosted columns, however, did little to further the reputation of sports journalism, which is increasingly becoming the subject of academic scrutiny of its standards.
1502:. Many sports also have their own clubs and associations for specified journalists. These organizations attempt to maintain the standard of press provision at sports venues, to oversee fair accreditation procedures and to celebrate high standards of sports journalism.
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Many "ghosted" columns were often run by independent sports agencies, based in Fleet Street or in the provinces, who had signed up the sports star to a contract and then syndicated their material among various titles. These agencies included Pardons, or the
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collapsed within sight of the finishing line when leading, that Conan Doyle led a public subscription campaign to see the gallant Italian, having been denied the gold medal through his disqualification, awarded a special silver cup, which was presented by
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day's football reports. In some respects, this has replaced the earlier practice of many regional newspapers which - until overtaken by the pace of modern electronic media - would produce special results editions rushed out on Saturday evenings.
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McIlvanney and Wooldridge, who died in March 2007, aged 75, both enjoyed careers that saw them frequently work in television. During his career, Wooldridge became so famous that, like the sports stars he reported upon, he hired the services of
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in order to publish articles detailing the analysis these teams are conducting. New metrics have been created to study the quality of player performance. The metrics have also been used to compile rankings of players and teams. Blog sites like
1391:
between sports journalists and the subjects of their reporting, as well as declining budgets experienced by most Fleet Street newspapers, has meant that such long-term projects have often emanated from television documentary makers.
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having dedicated sports sections. The increased popularity of sports amongst the middle and lower class led to the more coverage of sports content in publications. The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as
1208:
The rise of the radio made sports journalism more focused on the live coverage of the sporting events. The first sports reporter in Great Britain, and one of the first sports reporters in the World, was an English writer
1548:'s press advisory committee and acts as a consultant to organizers of major events who need guidance on media requirements as well as seeking to represent its members' interests in a range of activities. In March 2008,
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There are also editorially managed sites that do pay their contributors in a similar fashion to traditional publishers. I.e. a price per word or per article. Examples of these are Athlon Sports and The Sporting Blog.
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The tradition of sports reporting attracting some of the finest writers in journalism can be traced to the coverage of sport in Victorian England, where several modern sports – such as association football,
879:. Sports journalism has its roots in coverage of horse racing and boxing in the early 1800s, mainly targeted towards elites, and into the 1900s transitioned into an integral part of the news business with
1201:, which in those Edwardian times was a daily newspaper which sought to cover all sporting events, rather than just a betting paper for horse racing and greyhounds that it became in the years after the
1528:
For horse racing the Horserace Writers and Photographers’ Association was founded in 1927, was revived in 1967, and represents the interests of racing journalists in every branch of the media.
1630:, and Muckrack, which are free platforms to use, which in turn do not pay the contributors. This can lead to a lack of quality as there is no editorial element, however their reach is large.
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In more recent years, sports journalism has turned its attention to online news and press release media and provided services to Associated Press and other major news syndication services.
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public. The increased popularity of football, basketball and hockey meant more content to publish and more interested readers to publish to. This led to the creation of journals like
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which allowed for cheaper and more tabloid style of newspaper production. Newspapers also began using advertising to pay for their production costs instead of relying on circulation.
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There are now platforms that act as 'Blog hosts', which allow both amateur and professional sports writers to host their content without the need for a custom website. These include
1560:, of Sky Sports, was named Sports Broadcaster of the Year for the third time, a prize determined by a ballot of SJA members. Stelling won the vote again the following year, when the
958:
The 1920s has been called the "Golden Age of American Sports". Baseball became the national pastime, college football became popular, and radio and newspaper coverage increased. The
985:
was the brainchild of Henry Lucre who felt that the established publishers at the time were not taking advantage of the public's massive appetite for sports. With weekly issues,
1801:
1234:, had already played an equally influential part in the sporting fabric of society when it announced in 1903 that it would stage an annual bicycle race around the country. The
1611:
The advent of the Internet has seen much of this fan-generated energy directed into sports blogs. Ranging from team-centric blogs to those that cover the sports media itself,
1077:
There has been much pushback by many over the use of analytics in sports. Many established coaches are quick to bash analytics as narrow and ignorant of the big picture.
915:
the North and South and boxing bouts between US and England garnered much interest from the social elite. In the early nineteenth century, popular British sportswriter
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1455:– often requires the view of an outsider who is not compromised by the need of day-to-day dealings with sportsmen and officials, as required by "beat" correspondents.
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are considered pioneers in women's sportscasting. Chastain was the first woman to work for a large network (CBS) and the first woman to do play-by-play in the '60s.
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and England international matches from the BBC to rival broadcasters ITV. One of the reasons cited was that the BBC had been too critical of the performances of the
1382:, to manage his affairs. Glanville wrote several books, including novels, as well as scripting the memorable official film to the 1966 World Cup staged in England.
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denied to all reporters - male and female - because of this controversy, male journalists would likely resent female reporters for having their access taken away.
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was born, and sports journalism's role in its foundation is still reflected today in the leading rider wearing a yellow jersey - the color of the paper on which
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was able to produce more classic journalistic pieces as the writers had more time to research and conduct longer interview sit downs with players and coaches.
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Other sports blogs such as Fansided and SB Nation suggest a combination of traffic and results based incentives with regards to recompense for contributions.
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1182:, Massachusetts, and London, and at future Olympics, were henceforward staged over exactly the same, 26-mile, 385-yard distance used for the
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as its cricket correspondent as well as its music critic. Cardus was later knighted for his services to journalism. One of his successors,
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sub-associations and national associations, and liaises closely with some of the world's biggest sports federations, including the
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in 1908 attracted such widespread public interest that many newspapers assigned their very best-known writers to the event. The
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monitors trends and strategy within the sports media industry. The center is also home to the Associated Press Sports Editors.
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to enhance the cooperation between its member associations in defending sport and the professional interest of their members.
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1991:
McNay, John (2008). "Breaking the Copper Collar: Press Freedom, Professionalization and the History of Montana Journalism".
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Many became household names in the late 20th century through their trenchant reporting of events, spurring popularity: the
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established a similar tradition, with the leading rider wearing a jersey the same pink color as the sponsoring newspaper,
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with their controversial investigation of corruption within the International Olympic Committee. Jennings and Simson's
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in baseball is an example of this. Modern controversies regarding the hyper-compensation of top athletes, the use of
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1033:, and the cost to local and national governments to build sports venues and related infrastructure, especially for
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unravelled many scandals involving doping, fixed races and bribery in international athletics in their 1996 book,
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1619:, ProFootballTalk.com, BaseballEssential.com, Tireball Sports, AOL Fanhouse, Masshole Sports, the blogs in the
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1123:, possibly because of its esteemed place in society, has regularly attracted the most elegant of writers. The
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to strengthen the friendship, solidarity and common interests between sports journalists of all countries.
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There has been a major shift within sports in the last decade as more sports teams are switching to using
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1041:'s protest of injustice shown to people of color by the police by kneeling during the performance of the
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1980. These developments have significantly affected sports journalism as established publications like
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organisational structures. Early successes include BenchWarmers, Empire of the Kop and caughtoffside.
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is a key social media app on smartphones that contributes to the rise of sports journalism and media.
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Sports stories occasionally transcend the games themselves and take on socio-political significance:
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award in 1989, which has continued to reward authors for their excellence in sports literature.
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in Salt Lake City; Jennings would follow-up with two further books on the Olympics and one on
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1598:, Munro was hired by the club to write for its matchday magazine and is now sports editor of
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Schultz, Brian (September 2007). "Sports journalists who blog cling to traditional values".
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2384:"Fact: The Golden State is the epicenter of baseball, a mother lode of sun-ripened talent"
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being scored) to bring visual imagery to their audience while reporting on sports stories.
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1037:, also demonstrates how sports can intrude on to the news pages. Recently, the issue of
981:, first published in 1954, was one of the first publications to solely focus on sports.
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provided the first mass spectator event for journalistic coverage. The Race, an annual
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and originally staged over the 1908 Olympic route from outside the royal residence at
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Sportswriting in Britain has attracted some of the finest journalistic talents. The
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The Bittersweet Science: Fifteen Writers in the Gym, in the Corner, and at Ringside
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in many ways predicted the scandals that were to emerge around the staging of the
1178:. And the public imagination was so well caught by the event that annual races in
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2261:"Sports Fans More Likely To Consume Smartphone Content But Pay-TV Still Popular"
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opted to switch its multimillion-pound contract for UK coverage rights of the
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Further information on social and political effects of sports journalism:
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But the writing of such exposes - referred to as "spitting in the soup" by
1226:
1137:, who became a worldwide favorite because of his radio commentaries on the
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in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
1946:
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Ashraf, Syed Irfan (September 2013). "Doing the Censors' Work for Them".
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Rooting for the story: Institutional sports journalism in the digital age
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The stakes can be high when upsetting sport's powers: in 2007, England's
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Women have not always been in the sports reporting field. Women such as
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was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment.
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s Paul Kimmage won the interviewer of the year prize for a fifth time.
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was the first newspapers to publishing consistent sports coverage. The
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Online. Other titles, such as the irreverent monthly soccer magazine
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2309:"Article - Women in Sportscasting: A Brief History, by Lou Schwartz"
1708:(whom some consider the "Jackie Robinson of female sportswriters"),
196:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2201:"The Future of Sports Journalism in a Technologically Driven World"
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in the stadiums for the press to sit and record notes on the game.
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Form of journalism that reports on sporting topics and competitions
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2334:"Twelve Women Who Pioneered the Era of Female Sports Broadcasters"
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Masters of Theory: Cambridge and the Rise of Mathematical Physics
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2285:"Smart Phones Have Significant Impact on Sports Fans' Behavior"
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to assure the best possible working conditions for the members.
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List of American journalism awards § Sports journalism
1964:"Sports Illustrated, The Magazine That Popularized Sports"
1590:, have been adopted by their clubs. Once an editor of the
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1346:'s fight career, including his 1974 title bout against
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of key action shots of games (such as this photo of an
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Network, and others have garnered massive followings.
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coined the term "the Sweet Science" as an epithet for
1937:
Schlesinger, Arthur (1933). "The rise of the city".
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National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association
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90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1378:, the agency founded by the American businessman,
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1900:
1790:National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association
1510:, football's world governing body FIFA, and the
1478:Increasingly, sports journalists have turned to
1354:; and the career highs and lows of the likes of
1893:. University of Chicago Press. 2017. p. 3.
2086:"Sports Journalism in the Age of Social Media"
1909:"Sports in the 1920s:The Golden age of Sports"
1288:, which routinely provided the editors of the
3105:
2490:
1567:In the United States, the Indianapolis-based
845:
8:
1836:United States Basketball Writers Association
2456:Course Module Overview on Sports Journalism
2289:UF College of Journalism and Communications
1915:. NCpedia (State Library of North Carolina)
1552:, then the chief football correspondent of
1535:Press room at the Philips Stadion, home of
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3112:
3098:
3090:
2497:
2483:
2475:
1197:to White City, was first sponsored by the
1169:Such was the drama of that race, in which
852:
838:
253:
2358:"Working in Sports Journalism as a Woman"
1276:using former England cricket captain Sir
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1820:Professional Hockey Writers' Association
1742:Baseball Writers' Association of America
1397:, with his 2003 sports book of the year
1331:, and columnist Patrick Collins, of the
1268:, with 1924 Olympic 100 meters champion
1848:
1758:Football Writers Association of America
1498:Most countries have their own national
754:
706:
635:
444:
348:
256:
2412:Sports Journalism: A Multimedia Primer
1826:Scottish Football Writers' Association
871:that reports on matters pertaining to
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1932:
1930:
1686:Lesley Visser was a sportswriter for
7:
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1984:
1958:
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1862:
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1852:
1608:, have effectively gone mainstream.
1488:William Hill Sports Book of the Year
1117:, has been held annually from 1856.
88:adding citations to reliable sources
2112:Cruz, Christopher M. (2017-03-22).
2313:American Sportscasters Association
2084:Wasserstein, Felipe (2017-04-12).
1808:Pro Basketball Writers Association
1386:Investigative journalism and sport
1101:Andrew Warwick has suggested that
927:. The first was the advent of the
246:Sports photographers at a game at
14:
1796:National Sports Journalism Center
1569:National Sports Journalism Center
1500:association of sports journalists
1141:, was also known for his poetry.
34:This article has multiple issues.
3073:
3064:
3063:
3051:
1814:Pro Football Writers Association
1785:List of sports journalism awards
1424:Likewise, award-winning writers
814:
264:
166:
64:
23:
3074:
2114:"Kaepernick and Media Coverage"
1907:Summer, Jim (January 1, 2004).
1508:International Olympic Committee
1486:was the first recipient of the
1340:Massacre at the Munich Olympics
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2005:10.1080/08821127.2008.10678094
1879:(Thesis). Syracuse University.
1873:Motiz, Brian (December 2014).
1704:Some female reporters include
1370:and other high-profile stars.
1:
3177:Pundit / commentator
2173:"Global Club Soccer Rankings"
1764:Football Writers' Association
1748:Broadcasting of sports events
1539:, prior to a press conference
1254:Sports stars in the press box
1242:was published (in Italy, the
803:Pundit / commentator
1219:British Broadcasting Company
1189:The London race, called the
1007:Socio-political significance
341:Index of journalism articles
3680:List of journalism articles
2382:Kipen, David (2004-07-27).
2232:University of Chicago Press
2028:Those Guys Have all the Fun
1671:List of women sportswriters
1546:British Olympic Association
1421:, the world football body.
1162:to cover the finish of the
1055:Future of sports journalism
1031:performance-enhancing drugs
943:Sports journalists rely on
192:the claims made and adding
3729:
2427:AP Sports Writing Handbook
2151:10.1177/073953290702800406
2139:Newspaper Research Journal
1668:
1010:
3677:
3045:
2460:Open School of Journalism
2055:10.1177/0956474813504871c
2043:British Journalism Review
1770:Ice Hockey Journalists UK
1596:Fortune's Always Dreaming
1262:Some newspapers, such as
826:Category: Journalism
2647:Bodybuilding supplements
2465:List of Sports magazines
2224:Warwick, Andrew (2003).
1286:Cricket Reporting Agency
1217:on June 6, 1923 for the
1048:National Football League
898:. New forms of internet
3137:Journalists (reporters)
2388:San Francisco Chronicle
1939:History of America Life
1352:Heysel Stadium disaster
1213:, who made a report on
1111:University of Cambridge
763:Journalists (reporters)
3251:Editorial independence
2026:Miller, James (2011).
1722:Marjorie Herrera Lewis
1657:
1586:Some authors, such as
1540:
1411:The Lords of the Rings
955:
331:Editorial independence
251:
3605:Pink-slime journalism
3590:Horse race journalism
2430:, McGraw-Hill, 2001,
1753:Cricket Writers' Club
1652:
1534:
1468:England football team
1292:cricket almanac, and
1230:, the predecessor of
1184:1908 Olympic Marathon
1013:Mediatization (media)
942:
821:Journalism portal
684:Pink-slime journalism
669:Horse race journalism
245:
3580:Freedom of the press
2362:www.workinsports.com
1415:2002 Winter Olympics
1327:, best known at the
1191:Polytechnic Marathon
1146:London Olympic Games
1115:University of Oxford
659:Freedom of the press
84:improve this article
3642:Newspaper of record
2414:, Routledge, 2007,
2205:www.sporttechie.com
1993:American Journalism
1606:When Saturday Comes
1126:Manchester Guardian
721:Newspaper of record
99:"Sports journalism"
3708:Sports journalists
2664:Physical education
2470:The Sports Reviews
2364:. 14 November 2016
2259:McCaskill, Steve.
1968:historylessons.net
1831:Sports commentator
1658:
1578:Fanzines and blogs
1541:
1323:and soccer writer
1311:and lately at the
1160:White City Stadium
1156:Arthur Conan Doyle
1109:event between the
1029:and other, banned
1000:Sports Illustrated
987:Sports Illustrated
983:Sports Illustrated
978:Sports Illustrated
956:
887:Sports Illustrated
252:
177:possibly contains
3703:Sports journalism
3690:
3689:
3668:Alternative media
3620:Yellow journalism
3256:Journalism school
3087:
3086:
3058:Sports portal
2669:Physical activity
2615:Athletic training
2598:Strength training
2550:Semi-professional
2436:978-0-07-137218-3
2424:Wilstein, Steve,
2420:978-0-415-39424-6
2161:– via SAGE.
1480:long-form writing
1027:anabolic steroids
865:Sports journalism
862:
861:
747:Alternative media
699:Yellow journalism
336:Journalism school
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179:original research
160:
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3615:Propaganda model
3610:Public relations
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2800:General managers
2702:Governing bodies
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1970:. 13 August 2014
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1689:The Boston Globe
1665:Female reporting
1303:s Peter Wilson,
1272:, or the London
1265:The Sunday Times
1203:Second World War
1039:Colin Kaepernick
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847:
840:
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694:Propaganda model
689:Public relations
268:
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194:inline citations
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3512:Photojournalism
3381:Interventionism
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3000:Sport by region
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2933:Artificial turf
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2890:Olympic culture
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2530:Military sports
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2338:Bleacher Report
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2177:FiveThirtyEight
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1613:Bleacher Report
1592:West Ham United
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1403:Andrew Jennings
1388:
1325:Brian Glanville
1305:Hugh McIlvanney
1270:Harold Abrahams
1256:
1176:Queen Alexandra
1083:
1074:FiveThirtyEight
1057:
1043:national anthem
1019:Jackie Robinson
1015:
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960:New York Herald
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593:Photojournalism
462:Interventionism
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3492:New Journalism
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3462:Human-interest
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3442:Digital/Online
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3246:Sensationalism
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3215:code of ethics
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3167:News presenter
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2986:National sport
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2450:External links
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1438:Running Scared
1387:
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1380:Mark McCormack
1368:Lester Piggott
1348:George Foreman
1333:Mail on Sunday
1317:Ian Wooldridge
1278:Leonard Hutton
1255:
1252:
1236:Tour de France
1195:Windsor Castle
1171:Dorando Pietri
1131:Neville Cardus
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3570:Fourth Estate
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3557:Social impact
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3477:Investigative
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3162:Meteorologist
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2019:
2014:
2010:
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1838:(US; college)
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1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:Sally Jenkins
1723:
1719:
1718:Lesley Visser
1715:
1711:
1710:Anita Martini
1707:
1706:Adeline Daley
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:of all time.
1691:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1681:Lesley Visser
1678:
1677:Jane Chastain
1672:
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1577:
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1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1562:Sunday Times'
1559:
1558:Jeff Stelling
1555:
1551:
1550:Martin Samuel
1547:
1538:
1537:PSV Eindhoven
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
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1501:
1494:Organizations
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1471:
1469:
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1439:
1435:
1434:Steven Downes
1431:
1427:
1426:Duncan Mackay
1422:
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1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:Broken Dreams
1396:
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1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:David Beckham
1361:
1357:
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1322:
1318:
1314:
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1302:
1301:Daily Mirror'
1297:
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1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1253:
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1244:Giro d'Italia
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:Edgar Wallace
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:Sporting Life
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:even had Sir
1153:
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1128:
1127:
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1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
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1103:The Boat Race
1099:
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1089:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Olympic Games
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:color barrier
1021:breaking the
1020:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1001:
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988:
984:
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946:
941:
934:
932:
930:
926:
922:
921:prizefighting
918:
910:Early history
909:
907:
905:
901:
897:
896:subscriptions
893:
889:
888:
882:
878:
874:
870:
867:is a form of
866:
855:
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848:
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832:
827:
824:
822:
812:
811:
810:
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804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:Meteorologist
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
753:
748:
745:
743:
742:News agencies
740:
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685:
682:
679:
678:False balance
675:
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670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:Fourth Estate
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
636:Social impact
634:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
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599:
598:Press release
596:
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576:
574:
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569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:Investigative
556:
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544:
541:
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536:
534:
533:Fact-checking
531:
529:
526:
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516:
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498:Collaborative
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373:
372:Entertainment
370:
368:
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281:Writing style
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259:
255:
249:
244:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
202:December 2019
195:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
140:December 2019
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3653:TV and radio
3585:Infotainment
3575:Fifth Estate
3472:Interpretive
3422:Comics-based
3172:Photographer
3049:
2848:Cheerleaders
2804:
2757:Broadcasting
2652:Sports drink
2620:Chriopractic
2578:Biomechanics
2545:Professional
2425:
2411:
2391:. Retrieved
2387:
2377:
2366:. Retrieved
2361:
2352:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:
2332:Mead, Doug.
2327:
2316:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2254:
2226:
2219:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2181:. Retrieved
2179:. 2017-08-22
2176:
2167:
2145:(4): 62–76.
2142:
2138:
2132:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2093:. Retrieved
2090:The Circular
2089:
2079:
2049:(3): 12–15.
2046:
2042:
2036:
2030:. Goodreads.
2027:
2021:
1996:
1992:
1972:. Retrieved
1967:
1938:
1919:September 2,
1917:. Retrieved
1912:
1890:
1885:
1875:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1685:
1674:
1659:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1617:Deadspin.com
1610:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1553:
1542:
1527:
1504:
1497:
1484:Dan Topolski
1477:
1474:Sports books
1457:
1453:Sunday Times
1452:
1449:Paul Kimmage
1446:
1442:Cliff Temple
1437:
1430:The Guardian
1429:
1423:
1410:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1372:
1344:Muhammad Ali
1337:
1332:
1329:Sunday Times
1328:
1320:
1313:Sunday Times
1312:
1309:The Observer
1308:
1300:
1298:
1282:
1274:Evening News
1273:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1207:
1198:
1188:
1168:
1149:
1143:
1124:
1119:
1100:
1084:
1058:
1016:
999:
996:
986:
982:
976:
973:
963:
959:
957:
935:20th century
913:
885:
877:competitions
864:
863:
798:Photographer
732:TV and radio
664:Infotainment
654:Fifth Estate
553:Interpretive
503:Comics-based
406:
226:
208:
199:
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3532:Underground
3447:Explanatory
3372:Adversarial
3337:Video games
3294:Environment
3236:Attribution
3231:News values
3226:Objectivity
3157:Copy editor
2953:Flying disc
2868:Memorabilia
2777:Sponsorship
2410:Steen, R.,
1913:ncpedia.org
1714:Mary Garber
1645:Smartphones
1360:George Best
1356:Tiger Woods
1307:, first at
1248:La Gazzetta
1224:In France,
1135:John Arlott
1069:mathematics
993:Digital age
945:photographs
929:penny press
917:Pierce Egan
875:topics and
783:Copy editor
613:Underground
528:Explanatory
453:Adversarial
422:Video games
377:Environment
316:Attribution
311:News values
306:Objectivity
3697:Categories
3638:Newspapers
3630:News media
3595:Media bias
3497:Non-profit
3482:Multimedia
3402:Churnalism
3327:Technology
3241:Defamation
3188:Profession
3121:Journalism
2991:Regulation
2981:Ministries
2976:Sports law
2958:Sportswear
2895:Philosophy
2805:Journalism
2717:Postseason
2635:Psychology
2630:Physicians
2593:Physiology
2535:Parasports
2520:Individual
2393:2014-05-20
2368:2020-04-14
2343:2020-04-14
2318:2020-04-14
2294:2021-10-09
2270:2021-10-09
2234:. p.
2210:2019-11-13
2183:2019-11-13
2123:2019-11-13
2095:2021-02-26
1999:: 99–123.
1974:2019-11-11
1843:References
1775:Journalism
1730:Holly Rowe
1669:See also:
1621:Yardbarker
1407:Vyv Simson
1321:Daily Mail
1151:Daily Mail
1144:The first
1065:statistics
949:ice hockey
925:mainstream
881:newspapers
717:Newspapers
708:News media
674:Media bias
578:Non-profit
563:Multimedia
483:Churnalism
412:Technology
321:Defamation
258:Journalism
248:Croke Park
186:improve it
110:newspapers
39:improve it
3648:Magazines
3565:Fake news
3487:Narrative
3467:Immersion
3427:Community
3397:Broadcast
3142:Columnist
3012:Australia
2925:Equipment
2900:Rivalries
2885:Numbering
2878:Nicknames
2827:Promoters
2810:Magazines
2772:Marketing
2762:Economics
2681:Sociology
2642:Nutrition
2159:151100599
2071:147286515
2063:0956-4748
2013:158624630
1766:(England)
1588:Jim Munro
1554:The Times
1395:Tom Bower
1342:in 1972;
1215:The Derby
1092:athletics
1081:In Europe
1061:analytics
969:press box
768:Columnist
727:Magazines
644:Fake news
568:Narrative
548:Immersion
508:Community
478:Broadcast
250:, Ireland
190:verifying
45:talk page
3682:–
3658:Internet
3547:Watchdog
3437:Database
3392:Blogging
3387:Analytic
3377:Advocacy
3314:Politics
3304:Medicine
3279:Business
3069:Category
2968:Politics
2948:Exercise
2915:Violence
2815:Podcasts
2767:Industry
2744:Business
2659:Pedagogy
2610:Medicine
2583:Practice
2573:Exercise
1736:See also
1654:Facebook
1594:fanzine
1583:thrive.
1232:L'Equipe
1164:Marathon
904:tweeting
900:blogging
873:sporting
737:Internet
628:Watchdog
518:Database
473:Blogging
468:Analytic
458:Advocacy
397:Politics
387:Medicine
362:Business
3684:Outline
3527:Tabloid
3502:Opinion
3407:Citizen
3347:Weather
3332:Traffic
3319:Science
3299:Fashion
3221:Culture
3205:Five Ws
3147:Blogger
3079:Outline
3032:Oceania
2863:History
2843:Betting
2836:Culture
2707:Leagues
2565:Science
2555:Amateur
2458:at the
1601:The Sun
1319:of the
1294:Hayters
1158:at the
1121:Cricket
1088:cricket
869:writing
773:Blogger
608:Tabloid
583:Opinion
488:Citizen
432:Weather
417:Traffic
402:Science
382:Fashion
301:Culture
285:Five Ws
184:Please
124:scholar
3542:Visual
3522:Sensor
3363:Genres
3323:Sports
3211:Ethics
3152:Editor
3022:Europe
3007:Africa
2943:Caving
2873:Naming
2752:Agents
2724:School
2712:Season
2625:Injury
2605:Doping
2442:
2434:
2418:
2265:Forbes
2242:
2157:
2118:Medium
2069:
2061:
2011:
1947:476454
1945:
1728:, and
1628:Medium
1464:FA Cup
1432:, and
1350:; the
1290:Wisden
1240:L'Auto
1227:L'Auto
1180:Boston
1107:rowing
778:Editor
623:Visual
603:Sensor
445:Genres
407:Sports
291:Ethics
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
3537:Video
3507:Peace
3457:Gonzo
3412:Civic
3352:World
3309:Music
3266:Areas
3128:Roles
2938:Balls
2820:Radio
2782:Trade
2729:Teams
2697:Clubs
2540:Women
2513:Types
2506:Sport
2155:S2CID
2067:S2CID
2009:S2CID
1428:, of
1096:rugby
755:Roles
618:Video
588:Peace
538:Gonzo
493:Civic
437:World
392:Music
349:Areas
131:JSTOR
117:books
3713:News
3432:Data
3284:Data
3274:Arts
3196:News
3017:Asia
2525:Team
2440:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2059:ISSN
1943:OCLC
1921:2021
1822:(US)
1816:(US)
1810:(US)
1804:(US)
1798:(US)
1792:(US)
1744:(US)
1679:and
1512:IAAF
1419:FIFA
1405:and
1113:and
1094:and
1067:and
1046:the
952:goal
902:and
892:ESPN
890:and
513:Data
367:Data
357:Arts
276:News
103:news
3342:War
2858:Fan
2236:213
2147:doi
2051:doi
2001:doi
1376:IMG
1250:).
1139:BBC
427:War
188:by
86:by
3699::
2438:,
2386:.
2360:.
2336:.
2311:.
2287:.
2263:.
2238:.
2230:.
2203:.
2192:^
2175:.
2153:.
2143:28
2141:.
2116:.
2104:^
2088:.
2065:.
2057:.
2047:24
2045:.
2007:.
1997:25
1995:.
1983:^
1966:.
1955:^
1941:.
1929:^
1911:.
1899:^
1851:^
1732:.
1724:,
1720:,
1716:,
1712:,
1615:,
1470:.
1460:FA
1444:.
1366:,
1362:,
1358:,
1315:,
1296:.
1221:.
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