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removed by a cleaning rod or other objects nor for jammed rifles cleared away from the immediate battle area and outside the very limited archaeological survey area. Every Custer battalion weapon became Indian property. Captain Thomas French, M Company
Commander was kept busy on the Reno defensive position line using the cleaning rod from his infantry rifle to clear the jammed carbines passed to him from the cavalryman on the line. The cartridge was subsequently redesigned with a
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the muzzle of the barrel. Ram the ball hard with the ramrod when the breech-block is closed; this will upset the ball and fill the headless shell. Open the breech-block and the ball and shell can be easily pushed out with the ramrod." Soldiers were later issued with a purpose-designed headless-shell extractor to remedy case-head separations and jams.
561:
had a muzzle velocity of 1315.7 feet per second with a 500 grain lead bullet. The muzzle velocity of the carbine bullet was 1,150 feet per second. The 1884 model rifle generated 1525 ft lbs of energy at 100 yds, and 562.3 ft lbs of energy at 1,000 yards, with a maximum range of 3,500 yards.
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case, since that material did not expand as much as copper. This was shown to be a major improvement, and brass became the primary material used in United States military cartridges from then to the present. After the Little Big Horn disaster, troops were required to perform target practice twice a
659:
in June 1876, investigations first suggested that jamming of their carbines may have played a factor, although archaeological excavations in 1983 discovered evidence that only 3.4 percent of the cases recovered showed any indication of being pried from jammed weapons. This did not account for cases
647:
Original U.S. Ordnance
Department instructions for the Springfield Model 1873 write: "Should the head of a cartridge come off in the act of firing, the best mode of extracting the shell is to take out a ball from a cartridge and reduce it with a knife or by rolling, so that it can be inserted into
627:
U.S. ordnance department tests report that "A practiced person can fire this arm from 12 to 13 times per minute, loading from the cartridge-box. (It has been fired from the shoulder at the rate of 25 times per minute from the cartridge-box)."
918:
Benton, James
Gilchrist, 1820-1881, Henry Metcalfe, and United States. Ordinance Dept. Description And Rules for the Management of the Springfield Rifle, Carbine, And Army Revolvers: Calibre .45. Springfield, Mass: National armory, 1874.
554:. It had a muzzle velocity of 1,350 feet per second (410 m/s). A reduced-power load of 55 grains (3.6 g) of powder (Carbine Load) was manufactured for use in the carbine to lighten recoil for mounted cavalry soldiers.
530:, where the average rate of fire for the Springfield was 8 rounds per minute for new recruits and 15 rounds per minute for experienced soldiers. The board recommended "No. 99 Springfield" which became the Model 1873.
587:
Operating chamber pressure of the
Springfield model 1873, firing the 45-70-400, is 19,000 psi The operating chamber pressure of the Springfield Model 1884, firing the 45-70-500, is 25,000 psi.
605:
was a circle with an average radius of 1.3 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to ~2.6 MOA. Therefore, the accuracy potential of the average
Springfield Model 1884 is comparable to that of the
1038:
644:
during the second half of the 19th century. However, poor quality control with copper cases and poor storage conditions not uncommonly led to cartridge case separations upon firing.
526:
fed systems were considered but, at the time, the single-shot was deemed to be more reliable and cheaper to mass-produce. Firing tests were held at the
Springfield Armory and
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The average accuracy of the
Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA. The average accuracy of the
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514:, pursuant to the selection of a breech-loading system for rifles and carbines for the U.S. Military. The trials included tests for accuracy, dependability,
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934:"Manual for Rifle Practice: Including Suggestions for Practice at Long Range and for the Formation and Management of Rifle Associations"
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According to the US Army
Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi
463:-inch (829 mm) barrel, while the cavalry carbine used a 22-inch (560 mm) barrel. It was superseded by an improved model, the
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The black powder Model 1873 continued to be the main service rifle of the U.S. military until it was gradually replaced by the
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action. Replacement began in 1892, and despite its obsolescence, the Model 1873 was still used by secondary units during the
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conducted an examination and trial of 99 rifles from several domestic and foreign manufacturers, including those from
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Description and Rules for the
Management of the Springfield Rifle, Carbine, and Army Revolvers, Caliber 45
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Description and Rules for the
Management of the Springfield Rifle, Carbine, and Army Revolvers, Caliber 45
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12-13 rounds per minute, up to 25 rounds per minute have been recorded in ordnance department tests
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1873 Loading .45-70-405 (19,000 psi), 1884 loading 45-70-500 (25,000 psi))
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Ballistics as recorded in the 1874 and 1887 US Ordnance Department Reports
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655:'s battalion (armed with the carbine and carbine load ammunition) at the
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Reenactment firing a Springfield Model 1873 breech-loading rifle at
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National Park Service ~ Springfield Armory National Historic Site
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Springfield Armory National Historic Site ~ National Park Service
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From 1872 to 1873, a military board headed by Brigadier-General
1033:. Springfield, Massachusetts: U.S. Department of the Interior.
849:. Springfield, Massachusetts: U.S. Department of the Interior.
776:
Custer Era Springfield .45 caliber trapdoor carbine, ca. 1875
760:(right) holding a Springfield Model 1873 alongside his fellow
18:
432:
versions, was widely used in subsequent battles against
890:. United States. Army. Ordnance Dept. pp. 99–106.
518:, and ability to withstand adverse conditions. Both
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The Model 1873 was the fifth variation of the Allin
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Cavalry carbine with 22 in (560 mm) barrel
1039:"U.S. Springfield Model 1873 1879 Trapdoor Carbine"
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Infantry rifle with 30 in (760 mm) barrel
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1011:General History ~ Vehicles, Weapons, and Equipment
977:Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian
286:Cadet rifle with 28 in (710 mm) barrel
921:https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008909513
716:Historical Depictions of 1873 Springfield Rifle
948:Archaeology, History and Custer's Last Battle
428:in 1867). The rifle, in both full-length and
8:
424:had seen limited issue to troops along the
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120:
1080:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1873
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
550:, propelling a 405-grain (26.2 g)
451:. The infantry rifle model featured a 32
834:
651:After the defeat of Lieutenant-Colonel
636:The rifle was originally issued with a
950:, 1993, University of Oklahoma Press,
843:"U.S. Springfield Trapdoor Production"
675:rifle, a derivative of the Norwegian
443:design, and was named for its hinged
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969:"Guns on Horseback: Trading for War"
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371:1,350 feet per second (410 m/s)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
908:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
904:Springfield Armory (U.S.) (1874).
873:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
869:Springfield Armory (U.S.) (1887).
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1045:. NRA National Firearms Museum.
640:cartridge case and used in the
34:needs additional citations for
1007:"Springfield Model 1873 Rifle"
580:Force of Impact Chart for the
376:Maximum firing range
270:
1:
932:Wingate, George Wood (1878).
409:was the first standard-issue
887:Ordnance memoranda, Issue 15
729:Model 1873 Springfield Rifle
657:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1070:Rifles of the United States
339:.45 in (11.43 mm)
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1019:Army Historical Foundation
973:Return of the Horse Nation
884:BOARD of OFFICERS (1873).
379:2,500 yards (2,300 m)
312:32.5 in (830 mm)
301:52 in (1,300 mm)
1075:Guns of the American West
1065:Hinged breechblock rifles
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811:United States Army rifle
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150:Place of origin
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58:"Springfield model 1873"
653:George Armstrong Custer
620:Accuracy chart for the
609:or Springfield's later
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225:Philippine–American War
125:Springfield Model 1873
1000:Springfield Model 1873
820:Springfield Model 1884
805:Springfield Model 1866
670:Springfield Model 1892
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622:Springfield Model 1884
603:Springfield Model 1884
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571:Springfield Model 1884
559:Springfield Model 1884
465:Springfield Model 1884
447:, which opened like a
422:Springfield Model 1866
407:Springfield Model 1873
357:Rate of fire
1027:"The Trap Door Rifle"
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1060:Springfield firearms
1002:at Wikimedia Commons
705:Pictorial chronology
681:Spanish–American War
367:Muzzle velocity
221:Spanish–American War
217:American Indian Wars
144:Breech-loading rifle
43:improve this article
701:bolt-action rifle.
696:Spanish Model 1893
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542:was designated as
418:United States Army
256:Springfield Armory
231:Production history
998:Media related to
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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16:Service rifle
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1017:, Virginia:
1015:Fort Belvoir
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548:black powder
544:".45-70-405"
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516:rate-of-fire
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309: length
252:Manufacturer
181:Used by
105:
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79:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
689:Philippines
673:bolt action
607:German K98k
520:single-shot
488:Springfield
445:breechblock
398:Open sights
273: built
1054:Categories
829:References
814:1873-1892
512:Winchester
467:, also in
69:newspapers
693:7 mm
611:M1 Garand
508:Remington
323:Cartridge
265:1873–1884
247:1872–1873
176:1873–1903
788:See also
758:Geronimo
687:and the
524:magazine
449:trapdoor
441:trapdoor
350:Trapdoor
281:Variants
276:567,882
262:Produced
244:Designed
236:Designer
745:in 2008
504:Spencer
500:Whitney
496:Peabody
472:caliber
457:⁄
430:carbine
335:Caliber
83:scholar
954:
762:Apache
699:Mauser
665:week.
638:copper
552:bullet
510:, and
492:Sharps
469:.45-70
394:Sights
345:Action
307:Barrel
298:Length
190:
159:
85:
78:
71:
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56:
662:brass
414:rifle
90:JSTOR
76:books
952:ISBN
685:Cuba
557:The
538:The
522:and
405:The
213:Wars
140:Type
62:news
683:in
271:No.
45:by
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896:^
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97:(
87:·
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