2346:"In Aswa, we have ancient race peopled on both sides of Indus and probable etymon of Asia. The Assaceni, the Ari-aspii, the Aspasians and (the Asii) whom Strabo describes as Scythic race have same origin. Hence Asi-gurh (Hasi/Hansi) and Asii-gard, the first settlements of Scythic Asii in Scandinavia" (see: Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1826, p 318, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland - Great Britain; Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Reprint (2002), Vol I, p 64. Also see: pp 51-54, 87, 95; Vol-2, P 2, James Tod; The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial ..., 1885, p 196, Edward Balfour - India.
2595:
India: Sri
Ramakrishna Centenary Memorial, 1936, p 151). Cf: "The Kambojas indicate the people of Tajikistan speaking Ghalcha..." (See: Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India, 1977, p 94, Dr Moti Chandra). For Kambojas as the ancestors of the Tajiks, Cf: Bhart Bhumi Aur Unke Nivasi, p 313-314, 226, Bhartya Itihaas Ki Mimansa, p 335 by Dr J. C. Vidyalanka; Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, pp 164-65, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī.
114:
42:
1483:). According to Dr B. N. Puri and some other scholars, the Kambojas were a branch of the Tukharas. Based on the above Rishika-Kamboja connections, some scholars also claim that the Kambojas were a branch of the Yuezhi themselves. Dr Moti Chander also sees a close ethnic relationship between the Kambojas and the Yuezhi .
449:
The
Tusharas along with numerous other tribes from the north-west, including the Bahlikas, Kiratas, Pahlavas, Paradas, Daradas, Kambojas, Shakas, Kankas, Romakas, Yavanas, Trigartas, Kshudrakas, Malavas, Angas, and Vangas had joined Yudhishtra at his Rajasuya ceremony and brought him numerous gifts
1984:
Dr Buddha
Prakash maintains that, based on the evidence of Kalidasa's Raghuvamsha, Raghu defeated the Hunas on river Vamkshu (Raghu vamsha 4.68), and immediately after them he marched against the Kambojas (4.69-70). These Kambojas were of Iranian affinities who lived in Pamirs and Badakshan. Hiun
1175:
Around the 4th to 5th century CE, when the fortunes of the
Tukhara finally waned, the original population of Kambojas re-asserted itself, and the region again started to be called by its ancient name, i.e., "Kamboja", though northwestern parts still retained the name of Duhuoluo or Tukharistan in
2594:
also sees a close ethnic relationship between the
Kambojas, the Tukharas (=Rishikas = Yue-chis) and the modern Tajik race. It calls the modern Tajik race to be descendants of the Tukharas and Kambojas, thus assuming Kambojas as a component of the Tukharas or vice versa (The Cultural Heritage of
2111:
These
Kambojas, apparently were descendants of that section of the Kambojas who, instead of leaving their ancestral land during second century BCE under assault from the Da Yuezhi, had compromised with the invaders and decided to stay put in their ancestral land instead of moving to the
492:
tribes, who were highly skilled in weapons, warfare and material sciences, but never followed the Vedic rites properly. That the Vedic people were dealing with foreign tribes is evident in a passage from
Mahabharata (12:35). It asks which duties that should be performed by the
1245:
viz: the Shakas, Kekeyas, Vokkanas, Hunas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, Pahlavas, Limpakas, Kulutas, Tanganas, Turusakas, Barbaras, Ramathas etc. This mediaeval era evidence shows that the
Tusharas were different from the Turushakas with whom they are often confused by some writers.
1230:. After encountering the Kambojas, Lalitadiya's army approached the Tuhkhāras who "fled to the mountain ranges leaving behind their horses." According to D. C. Sircar, the Kambojas here are bracketed with the Tukharas and are shown as living in the eastern parts of the
1975:, p. 25; Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; cf: India and Central Asia, p 25, Dr P. C. Bagchi; Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, pp 401, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī - Kamboja (Pakistan).
809:, he immediately faced the Tusharas. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battlefield. This shows that during the 8th century CE, a section of the Tusharas was living as neighbours of the Kambojas near the
457:
At one place in the
Mahabharata, the Tusharas are mentioned along with the Shakas and the Kankas. At another place they are in a list with the Shakas, Kankas and Pahlavas. And at other places are mentioned along with the Shakas, Yavanas and the Kambojas etc.
828:
Delta) near the sea in western India. The
Romakas formed a colony of the Romans near the port of Barbaricum in Sindhu Delta. This shows that a section of the Tusharas had also moved to western India and was living there around Vrahamihira's time.
453:
Later the Tusharas, Sakas and Yavanas had joined the military division of the Kambojas and participated in the Mahabharata war on the side of the Kauravas. Karna Parva of Mahabharata describes the Tusharas as very ferocious and wrathful warriors.
2010:
Proceedings and Transactions of the All-India Oriental Conference, 1930, p 108, Dr J. C. Vidyalankara; Bhartya Itihaas ki Ruprekha, p 534, Dr J. C. Vidyalankar; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, pp 129, 300 Dr J. L.
1433:
holds that the Yuezhi, Tocharioi and Tushara were identical. If he is correct, the Rishikas, Tusharas/Tukharas (Tokharoi/Tokaroi), the Kushanas and the Yuezhi, were probably either a single people, or members of a confederacy.
329:. Only the fifth son of Puru's line was considered to be the successors of Yayati's throne, as he cursed the other four sons and denied them kingship. The Pauravas inherited the Yayati's original empire and stayed in the
2355:
For Asii = Assi = Asvaka - a tribe connected with Asvas or horses, See also : The Racial History of India - 1944, pp 815, 122, Chandra Chakraberty. For Aspasii, Hipasii, see: Olaf Caroe, The Pathans, 1958, pp. 37,
1658:
The Nations of India at the Battle Between the Pandavas and Kauravas, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1908, pp 313, 331, Dr F. E. Pargiter, (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and
2459:; The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa: Translated Into English Prose, 1962, p 66, Pratap Chandra Roy; Geographical and Economic Studies in the Mahābhārata: Upāyana Parva, 1945, p 13, Moti Chandra - India.
2702:
2001:
of Muslim writers (See: Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; India and the World, 1964, p 71, Dr Buddha Prakash; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 300, Dr J. L. Kamboj).
608:
and Tukhatas and Tukharas and Kankas and Romakas and men with horns bringing with them as tribute numerous large elephants and ten thousand horses, and hundreds and hundreds of millions of golds (2:50).
1680:
Markandeya Purana, LVII.39, The Markandeya Purana, F. E. Pargiter, Trans. Varanasi Reprint, 1969, pp 307-44; A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization, 2000, p 39, Niharranjan Ray, Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya.
1172:
formed a part of ancient Kamboja (Parama Kamboja) but, after its occupation by the Tukhara in the 2nd century BCE, Badakshan and some other territories of the Kamboja became part of Tukhara.
2321:
1922:, 1975, pp 173, 192, Richard Nelson Frye - History; On the Kumijis see also article 26,10, Hudud Al'alam: The Regions of the World: a Persian Geography, 327 A.H.-982 A.D. See p 209.
2695:
2688:
229:(who were known to have migrated to Central Asia from China, with the other founding Kushan peoples). However, the subjects of the Tarim kingdoms appear to have
656:, and the races hailing from the sea-side, all endued with great wrath and great might, delighting in battle and armed with maces, these all—united with the
1910:, p. 25; Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, pp 401, Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Satyavrat Śāstrī - Kamboja (Pakistan);
2540:: 700 Complete Reviews of the ..., 1953, p 62, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala, Surya Kanta, Jacob Wackernagel, Arthur Anthony Macdonell, Peggy Melcher - India.
2297:: 700 Complete Reviews of the ..., 1953, p 62, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala, Surya Kanta, Jacob Wackernagel, Arthur Anthony Macdonell, Peggy Melcher - India.
715:
i.e. north or north-west. The Kambojas, Daradas, Barbaras, Harsavardhanas, Cinas and the Tusharas are described as the populous races of men outside.
1918:, 1999, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson, János Harmatta, Boris Abramovich Litvinovskiĭ, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Unesco - Central Asia;
3338:
1906:, University of London, 1940, p 850, University of London School of Oriental and African Studies - Oriental philology Periodicals; Bagchi, P. C.
680:(8:88). F. E Pargiter writes that the Tusharas, along with the Yavanas, Shakas, Khasas and Daradas had collectively joined the Kamboja army of
2664:
3333:
2325:
2409:
viz: the Shakas, Kekeyas, Vokkanas, Hunas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, Pahlavas, Limpakas, Kulutas, Tanganas, Turusakas, Barbaras, Ramathas etc. (
1366:. The names indicate their connection with horses and horse culture. These Osii, Asoi/Aseni clans represent earlier migration from the
2634:
2613:
2073:. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969. vol. I, p. 41, n. 131.
2054:
1959:
1827:
1794:
1285:
were closely connected with the Tochari and the Sakarauli (Saracucse?) who are found connected with both the Tochari and the Asiani"
161:
1203:(Raghu: 4.68-70). As seen above, the 7th-century Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang mentions the Kiumito/Kumito living to the north of the
1516:. They remained for several years before setting off for home. That is the first recorded visit of people from India to Japan.
1429:
I) were "descended from the Turuṣka race". Aurel Stein says that the Tukharas (Tokharoi/Tokarai) were a branch of the Yuezhi.
1809:, Edition: 1904, pp. 102, 327. Thomas Watters - Buddhism; Publications, 1904. Oriental Translation Fund - Oriental literature.
45:
Tushara Kingdom (upper right, in orange) alongside other locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or
3087:
338:
139:
225:
of the Tarim were rediscovered in the early 20th century, most scholars accepted a hypothesis that they were linked to the
1165:
valley. The region was also known as Kumudadvipa of the Puranic texts, which the scholars identify with Sanskrit Kamboja.
1275:(in Prakrit). V. S. Aggarwala also equates the Rishikas with the Asii or Asioi. In 1870, George Rawlinson commented that
2760:
665:
637:
617:
605:
565:
510:
2561:
The Journal of Central Asian Studies, 2003, p 33, University of Kashmir Centre of Central Asian Studies - Central Asia.
580:
and the Jagudas and the Ramathas and the Mundas and the inhabitants of the kingdom of women and the Tanganas and the
124:
1153:
etc.) who lived in Buttamen Mountains (now in Tajikistan) in the upper Oxus are believed by many scholars to be the
1047:
During the time of Xuanzang, Tukhāra was divided into 27 administrative units, each having its separate chieftain.
143:
128:
1555:
895:
356:
Various regional terms and proper names may have originated with, or been derived from, the Tusharas including:
3157:
2234:
1564:
936:
271:
135:
1893:. Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Reprint: Cheng Wen Publishing Co., pp. 164, 339.
274:
tribes that conquered Central Asia during the 2nd century BCE, according to both Chinese and Greek sources.
3137:
3102:
1486:
Modern scholars are still debating the details of these connections without coming to any firm consensus.
928:
3007:
2805:
2582:
Geographical and Economic Studies in the Mahābhārata: Upāyana Parva, 1945, p 19, Dr Moti Chandra - India.
747:
or Amu Darya) flowed through the countries of Tusharas, Lampakas, Pahlavas, Paradas and the Shakas, etc.
3112:
3027:
2890:
762:) (r. 375-413/15 CE), had "unburdened the sacred earth by destroying the barbarians" like the Tusharas,
385:
3287:
2456:
2.26.25: See: The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva, section XXVI, p 58, Kisari Mohan Ganguli, trans.
3037:
2885:
2825:
2495:: The kings of the Shakas, Pahlavas and the Daradas, and the Kamboja-Rishikas live in the west in the
3272:
3242:
3167:
3132:
3067:
2925:
963:
may have been recruited by the Yuezhi, from a people neighbouring or subject to the Greco-Bactrians.
629:
573:
506:
470:
214:
345:. The Yadavas made central and western India their stronghold. The descendants of Anu, known as the
3267:
2840:
2680:
369:
365:
3262:
3182:
2935:
1382:, which happened prior to Achaemenid rule. Per epic evidence, Parama Kamboja was the land of the
222:
31:
2176:
or Togar. And Tho-gar/Togar are Tibetan or Mongolian forms of Tokhar/Tukhar (See: H. W. Bailey,
1648:
Kritavarma tu sahitah Kambojarvarai.Bahlikaih...Tushara.Yavanashchaiva.Shakashcha saha Chulikaih
1452:
region are similarly styled as "Parama Rishikas". Based on the syntactical construction of the
3227:
3177:
2855:
2660:
2630:
2609:
2050:
1955:
1823:
1790:
1509:
1267:
were lords of the Tochari. It is generally believed that they are same as the Rishikas of the
932:
569:
58:
1936:
3312:
3302:
3247:
3127:
3107:
2865:
2775:
2652:
2161:
1501:
1125:
1036:). Xuanzang stated that it lay south of the Iron Pass, north of the "great snow mountains" (
996:. This may suggest suggests that the Tusharas were neighbours to these peoples, possibly in
700:
502:
478:
3202:
3187:
3117:
3092:
3082:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3012:
2997:
2972:
2962:
2940:
2905:
2900:
2880:
2860:
2845:
2815:
2800:
1570:
1468:
1299:
1294:
were same as the Tukharas, then the observation from George Rawlinson is in line with the
1260:
759:
673:
653:
589:
549:
357:
252:
1234:
valley as neighbors of the Tukharas who were living in the western parts of that Valley.
1030:
3307:
3277:
3212:
3197:
3147:
3097:
3032:
3022:
2967:
2950:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2875:
2755:
2735:
2730:
2725:
1774:
1367:
1142:
817:
669:
645:
641:
633:
625:
613:
585:
581:
577:
561:
557:
553:
522:
514:
498:
494:
474:
381:
346:
330:
322:
260:
196:
46:
2606:
The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West
711:, Viprendras, Anglaukas, Yavanas, Pahlavas etc and refer to them all as the tribes of
3327:
3282:
3222:
3217:
3172:
3162:
3017:
2992:
2977:
2910:
2810:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2745:
1223:
846:
740:
704:
518:
342:
291:
275:
188:
175:
97:
2830:
2049:, p. 33. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California.
1954:, p. 33. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California.
1850:(See: Pag-Sam-Jon-Zang (1908), I.9, Sarat Chandra Das; Ancient Kamboja, 1971, p 66,
1822:, p. 32. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California.
1789:, p. 31. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California.
481:, rich in heaps of jewels, those warlike men reached the capital of Suvahu (3:176).
3252:
3207:
3077:
3062:
2982:
2870:
2850:
2740:
2647:
Waterhouse, David (1991), "Where did Toragaku come from?", in Marett, Allan (ed.),
2255:
1851:
1430:
1177:
940:
821:
726:, and Lampakas, etc., would be invaded and annihilated by Lord Kalki at the end of
657:
597:
407:
373:
334:
1504:, in 1654 two men and two women of the Tushara Kingdom, along with one woman from
1211:. which, as noted above, has been equated to Kamboja mentioned in Sanskrit texts.
2656:
2457:
2306:
See: Ashtadhyayi Sutra IV.1.110 & Ganapatha, Nadadigana IV.1.99 respectively.
2278:
2713:
2431:. Reprint (1979): Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. Vol. I, Bk. I, 169-170, pp. 30-31.
2428:
2406:
2231:
India; A Grammatical Dictionary of Sanskrit (Vedic): 700 Complete Reviews of the
2086:
2066:
1560:
1525:
1496:
1476:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1422:
1363:
1359:
1339:
1295:
1291:
1268:
1242:
1218:, King Lalitadiya, invaded the Kambojas of the "far-spreading northern region" (
1184:
997:
968:
931:
in the 2nd century BCE. They are known, in subsequent centuries, to have spoken
841:
825:
779:
712:
696:
439:
412:
218:
113:
81:
63:
35:
1950:, 1975, p. 192, Richard Nelson Frye; cf. also: Li, Rongxi (translator). 1995.
392:"lord" may be related to such terms or may itself be derived from one of them.
17:
3237:
2957:
2765:
2573:, 1969, pp 86, 87, International Institute of Tamil Studies - Tamil philology.
1535:
1471:. V. S. Aggarwala too, relates the Parama Kambojas of the Trans-Pamirs to the
755:
681:
661:
530:
314:
209:
2534:
India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī
2291:
India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī
2227:
India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī
2089:. Reprint (1979): Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. Vol. I, Bk. 4, 163-165, p. 136.
3142:
2627:
Les Saces: Les "Scythes" d'Asie, VIII siècle av, J.-C.— IV siècle apr. J.-C.
1550:
1505:
1323:
1169:
1158:
1037:
1019:
824:
also locates the Tusharas with Barukachcha (Bhroach) and Barbaricum (on the
728:
722:
like the Gandharas, Shakas, Pahlavas, Kambojas, Paradas, Yavanas, Barbaras,
526:
466:
326:
298:
73:
2413:, Chapter 17), which clearly differentiates the Tukharas from the Turusakas
2279:
The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Jarasandhta-badha Parva: Section XXVI
247:
2233:... - Page 68, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala, Surya Kanta, Jacob Wackernagel,
3232:
3122:
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2820:
2770:
2141:
2138:
1545:
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1472:
1464:
1426:
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1390:
1379:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1255:
1192:
1188:
1154:
1076:
1015:
993:
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902:
891:
877:
837:
806:
767:
649:
601:
593:
534:
489:
462:
432:
424:
318:
80:
Modern scholars generally see Tushara as synonymous with the historical "
1914:, 1968, pp. 293-6, Barthold; The Ghaznavids, p 108, C. E. Bosworth. In:
3152:
3042:
3002:
2113:
1848:
Tho-gar yul dań yabana dań Kambodza dań Khasa dań Huna dań Darta dań...
1530:
1480:
1398:
1335:
1331:
1319:
1227:
1215:
1208:
1183:
There are several later references to Kamboja of the Pamirs/Badakshan.
1104:
1080:
1012:
798:
790:
775:
771:
708:
621:
538:
428:
361:
310:
241:
230:
174:
The historical Tukhara appears to be synonymous with the land known by
93:
2651:, vol. 6, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 73–94,
525:, the Pulindas, the Ramathas, the Kambojas, and several new castes of
301:("barbarians") and descendants of Anu, one of the cursed sons of King
41:
3297:
3192:
2945:
2795:
2750:
2184:, University of London, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1950, pp. 389-409; see also:
1513:
1394:
1327:
1282:
1088:
1072:
1041:
1023:
977:
763:
723:
692:
677:
443:
420:
416:
377:
302:
283:
221:, in present-day Xinjiang, China, until the 1st millennium. When the
707:, etc., associate the Tusharas with the Shakas, Barbaras, Kambojas,
2522:
The Deeds of Harsha: Being a Cultural Study of Bāṇa's Harshacharita
672:
horsemen, accompanied by some of the foremost combatants among the
431:, Kankas, Sabaras, Barbaras, Ramathas etc., and brands them all as
3292:
2987:
2496:
2405:
of Rajshekhar lists the Tusharas with several other tribes of the
2156:
i.e. 'a hundred maidens from Kamboja'. This has been rendered as
2117:
1834:, 1913-1936, Edition 1935, p. 807; M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel;
1241:
of Rajshekhar lists the Tusharas with several other tribes of the
1200:
1084:
1060:
1009:
944:
881:
802:
719:
684:
and had fought in Kurukshetra war under latter's supreme command.
485:
469::- Crossing the difficult Himalayan regions, and the countries of
435:
180:
40:
1642:
Shaka.Tushara.Yavanashcha sadinah sahaiva.Kambojavaraijidhansavah
1463:, Ishwa Mishra believe that the Rishikas were a section of the
388:
originated with names such as Tushara/Tukhara. The Sanskrit word
2071:
Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang
1375:
1278:
1272:
1231:
1204:
1196:
1162:
985:
981:
810:
744:
542:
350:
306:
235:
2684:
1157:
who were living neighbors to the Tukhara/Tusharas north of the
718:
Puranic literature further states that the Tusharas and other
297:
The account in Mahabharata (Mbh) 1:85 depicts the Tusharas as
107:
100:, which dominated India between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE.
2036:
See, for example, the references to Xuanzang's account above.
1444:
states that the Parama Kambojas, Lohas and the Rishikas were
1044:, with the Oxus "flowing westward through the middle of it."
360:
in Afghanistan; the Pakistani village of Thakra; the surname
2425:
Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr
2083:
Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr
1298:
statement which also closely allies the Rishikas with the
732:. And they were annihilated by king Pramiti at the end of
620:, along with the Chulikas, stood in the right wing of the
71:, its inhabitants, known as the Tusharas, are depicted as
1876:
Lévi, Sylvain and Chavannes, Éd. (1895). "L'itinéraire d'
1836:
Geographical Data in the Early Purāṇas: A Critical Study
955:) for a state in Central Asia, two centuries before the
2248:
The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World
1405:(c. 1148-1149 CE) claims that the three kings he calls
1393:
are said by some scholars to be the same people as the
947:, China. However, Ancient Chinese sources use the term
461:
The Tushara kingdom is mentioned in the travels of the
2182:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1904:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
939:. The Yuezhi are generally believed to have had their
1865:
Ptolemaios: Geographie 6,9-21 Ostiran und Zentalasien
1508:, were drive by a storm to take refuge at the former
758:
relates that around 400 CE, Gupta king Vikramaditya (
67:, was a land located beyond north-west India. In the
2047:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
1952:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
1820:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
1787:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
2538:
India; A Grammatical Dictionary of Sanskrit (Vedic)
2295:
India; A Grammatical Dictionary of Sanskrit (Vedic)
1448:. Like the "Parama Kambojas", the Rishikas of the
992:". It also places the Bahlikas as neighbors of the
901:
887:
873:
864:
2483:Shakanam Pahlavana.n cha Daradanam cha ye nripah |
2246:Rawlinson, George. The Project Gutenberg EBook of
278:sources refer to these tribes collectively as the
450:such as camels, horses, cows, elephants and gold
203:. Modern scholars appear to have conflated the
1807:On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, 629-645 A.D.
1567:, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli
640:, the Kamathas, the Ramathas, the Tanganas the
612:The Tusharas were very ferocious warriors. The
27:Ancient kingdom located beyond north-west India
1891:Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux
513:, the Tusharas, the Kankas, the Pathavas, the
251:. These peoples are also known to have spoken
2696:
2210:Note - name of author and article needed here
2129:There are other references which also equate
1880:. Journal Asiatique, Sept.-Oct. 1895, p. 362.
1401:are also said by some to be the same people.
541:, that had sprung up in the dominions of the
376:of Maharashtra. It is also possible that the
8:
2319:VI. 21. 8-23. 11., List of the Indian Races
2604:Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. (2000).
2489:ye cha pashchim.anupakash cha ye ||5.5.15||
1749:The Geographical Data of Early Purana, 1972
1302:and places them both in the Sakadvipa. The
1195:, attests their presence on river Vamkshu (
1095:References in association with the Kambojas
415:associates the Tusharas with the Yavanas,
142:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2703:
2689:
2681:
2608:, pp. 91-99. Thames & Hudson, London.
2536:, 1953, p 64, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala -
2293:, 1953, p 64: Agrawala, Vasudeva Sharana.
2229:, 1953, p 68, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala -
2098:Sircar, D. C. "The Land of the Kambojas",
1479:and also places them in the Sakadvipa (or
1308:the southern branch of the Parama Kambojas
861:
364:, found across India; the Marathi surname
294:, which dominated Central and South Asia.
2524:, 1969, p 199, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala.
1931:See: THE ETHNIC OF THE SAKAS (SCYTHIANS.
368:, sometimes anglicised as Thackeray; the
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
1916:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
2025:Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country
1582:
1500:, the second-oldest book of classical
1338:of Panini. They are also mentioned by
1176:Chinese at least until the time of the
624:battle-array (6:75). The Tusharas, the
488:Hindus did not know the origins of the
2427:. (1900). Translated and annotated by
2102:, Vol V, No ?, July 1962, p. 250.
2085:. (1900). Translated and annotated by
1631:Shakas Tusharah Kankashch.Pahlavashcha
1168:Before its occupation by the Tukhara,
972:also associates the Tusharas with the
96:. This area was the stronghold of the
2711:Tribes and kingdoms mentioned in the
2401:But as noted above, tenth century CE
1151:Al-Maqidisi, Al-Baihaki, Nasir Khusau
900:
805:of the north and after defeating the
688:In the Puranas and other Indian texts
7:
1736:bharukaccha.samudra.romaka.tushrah..
187:Its inhabitants were known later to
184:, from the 3rd century BCE onwards.
140:adding citations to reliable sources
77:("barbarians") and fierce warriors.
2216:, 1963, p. 227 (v.30-31 1954-1955).
2144:Vinaya text translated by N. Dutt,
2027:, 1981, pp. 129, 300. J. L. Kamboj;
1250:Possible connection to the Rishikas
465:in the northern regions beyond the
384:caste of Maharashtra and the title
380:(or Thakore) caste of Gujarat, the
1760:Ed Bolling & Negelein, 41.3.3.
1417:(commonly interpreted to refer to
34:. For the region of Bactria, see
25:
2629:, p. 63. Edition Errance. Paris.
2152:XIII, p. 404) has the expression
1912:Turkestan Down to Mongol Invasion
1310:), are the same as the classical
988:(Indo-Scythians), as following: "
919:Early Chinese & Greek sources
509:, the Savaras, the Barbaras, the
484:The Mahabharata makes clear that
1207:, which may refer to Komedai of
990:Saka.Yavana.Tushara.Bahlikashcha
286:"). In subsequent centuries the
112:
2186:Ancient Kamboja, Iran and Islam
2045:Li, Rongxi (translator). 1995.
1818:Li, Rongxi (translator). 1995.
1785:Li, Rongxi (translator). 1995.
1271:which people are equivalent to
372:Jat clan in Rajasthan, and the
349:, are said to have migrated to
30:For the literary magazine, see
3339:Ancient history of Afghanistan
2592:The Cultural Heritage of India
1867:. Teil I. IsMEO, Rome p. 108.
1139:Cambothi, Kambuson and Komedon
1071:), along with people like the
556:and the various tribes of the
1:
2625:Lebedynsky, Iaroslav (2006).
2023:, p. 534, J. C. Vidyalankar;
1948:The Cambridge History of Iran
1920:The Cambridge History of Iran
1747:See comments: M. R. Singh in
1601:Mahabharata 2.51-2.53; 3.51 .
739:According to Vayu Purana and
341:. They were followers of the
290:and other tribes founded the
2657:10.1017/CBO9780511896071.006
2188:, 1971, p. 66, H. W. Bailey.
1838:, 1972, p. 174, M. R. Singh.
1832:First Encyclopaedia of Islam
959:entered the area. Hence the
664:’s sake (8:73). A number of
3334:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata
2389:Bhartya Itihaas ki Ruprekha
2387:Vidyalnkara, J. C. (1941).
2289:Agrawala, Vasudeva Sharana
2214:Indian Historical Quarterly
2158:Tho-gar yul-gyi bu-mo brgya
2154:satam Kambojikanam kanyanam
2021:Bhartya Itihaas ki Ruprekha
1989:.to which is thought to be
1610:MBH 6.66.17-21; MBH 8.88.17
1008:In the 7th century CE, the
832:There is also a mention of
816:By the 6th century CE, the
797:, the 8th-century ruler of
3355:
2148:, III, 3, 136, (quoted in
1830:. See also: E. J. Brill's
1358:etc., all living on upper
1253:
927:before they conquered the
660:and fought wrathfully for
29:
2721:
2512:uttaran api ||v 2.27.25||
1620:Shakas.Tusharah.Kankascha
1556:Kingdoms of Ancient India
1115:of Xuanzang's accounts,
1069:The Excellent Kalpa-Vrksa
676:, quickly rushed against
632:, the Darvabhisaras, the
401:References in Mahabharata
59:ancient Indian literature
2571:Journal of Tamil Studies
2550:Buddhism in Central Asia
2376:India as Known to Panini
2237:, Peggy Melcher - India.
2235:Arthur Anthony Macdonell
2166:Togar ulus-un yagun ükin
1985:Tsang calls this region
1565:Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa
1214:The 8th-century king of
1137:of some Muslim writers,
937:Eastern Iranian language
2365:Mahabharata 2.27.25-26.
1889:Chavannes, Éd. (1900).
1290:If the Rishikas of the
1059:) are mentioned in the
1022:" entered Tukhara (覩貨羅
923:Little is known of the
648:of fierce prowess, the
588:and the inhabitants of
2510:ParamaKambojanRishikan
2468:taraka maya sankashah
2442:India and Central Asia
1973:India and Central Asia
1908:India and Central Asia
1863:Ronca, Italo. (1971).
1374:) land, lying between
1342:who refers to them as
1222:) as mentioned in the
1199:) as neighbors to the
929:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
592:, were present in the
477:and all the climes of
333:who later created the
305:. Yayati's eldest son
231:referred to themselves
50:
2172:has been rendered as
1384:Loha-Kamboja-Rishikas
1004:Later Chinese sources
914:Historical references
874:Common languages
576:and Tukharas and the
313:and his youngest son
44:
2322:"Project South Asia"
2168:in Mongolian. Thus,
1738::Brhatsamhita XVI.6
1237:The 10th century CE
752:Brihat-Katha-Manjari
644:, the Pulindas, the
215:Indo-European people
136:improve this section
2472:parthayoh || 26 ||.
1769:AV-Par, 57.2.5; cf
1065:Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzah
896:Vedic folk Religion
795:Laliditya Muktapida
442:, leading lives of
309:, gave rise to the
259:of Bactria spoke a
223:Tocharian languages
207:with the so-called
92:– another name for
61:, such as the epic
2146:Gilgit Manuscripts
1773:-9, 1980, p. 106,
1051:Tibetan chronicles
850:of Bana Bhata and
793:records that king
321:that includes the
51:
32:Tushara (magazine)
3321:
3320:
2666:978-0-521-39050-7
2374:Aggarwala, V. S.
2250:, Vol 6. (of 7):
2225:Aggarwala, V. S.
1494:According to the
1263:remarks that the
1018:, by way of the "
911:
910:
854:of Rajshekhar. ÷
840:mountain) in the
743:, river Chakshu (
682:Sudakshina Kamboj
548:The kings of the
396:Indian literature
339:Panchala Kingdoms
233:by names such as
217:who lived in the
172:
171:
164:
84:", also known as
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1372:furthest Kamboja
1187:- a 5th-century
1145:writers (or the
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801:had invaded the
701:Brahmanda Purana
668:and Tukhara and
600:the king of the
253:centum languages
191:scholars as the
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2622:
2619:
2615:
2614:0-500-05101-1
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2444:, 1955, p 24.
2443:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2328:on 2006-05-28
2327:
2323:
2318:
2315:FRAGM. LVI.,
2312:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:, Chapter 17.
2199:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:1-886439-02-8
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:1-886439-02-8
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:1-886439-02-8
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1795:1-886439-02-8
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1726:RT IV.165-166
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
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1549:
1547:
1544:
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1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:verse 2.27.25
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:allied tribes
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:Rajatarangini
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
984:(Greeks) and
983:
979:
976:(Bactrians),
975:
971:
970:
966:Likewise the
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
918:
913:
906:
904:
897:
893:
890:
886:
883:
879:
876:
872:
863:
860:
859:
855:
853:
849:
848:
847:Harshacharita
843:
839:
835:
830:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Rajatarangini
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
741:Matsya Purana
737:
735:
731:
730:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
705:Vamana Purana
702:
698:
694:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
607:
603:
599:
596:sacrifice of
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
445:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
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418:
414:
410:
409:
400:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
343:Vedic culture
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
292:Kushan Empire
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Indo-European
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
243:
238:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:Ancient Greek
185:
183:
182:
177:
166:
163:
155:
152:December 2019
145:
141:
137:
131:
130:
126:
121:This section
119:
115:
110:
109:
103:
101:
99:
98:Kushan Empire
95:
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3273:Uttara Madra
3257:
3138:Pratyagratha
3133:Pragjyotisha
2851:Gopa Rashtra
2712:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2621:
2605:
2600:
2591:
2587:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2492:
2486:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2411:Kavyamimamsa
2404:
2403:Kavyamimamsa
2400:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2361:
2351:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2326:the original
2316:
2311:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:Kavyamimamsa
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2067:Beal, Samuel
2062:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1852:H. W. Bailey
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1786:
1781:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1512:in southern
1495:
1493:
1485:
1460:
1457:verse 5.5.15
1456:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1431:P. C. Bagchi
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1388:
1383:
1371:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1307:
1289:
1276:
1264:
1259:
1239:Kavyamimamsa
1238:
1236:
1219:
1213:
1182:
1178:Tang dynasty
1174:
1167:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1119:of Wu'kong,
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1033:
1026:
1007:
989:
967:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:ethnogenesis
924:
922:
857:
856:
852:Kavyamimansa
851:
845:
834:Tushara-Giri
833:
831:
822:Varahamihira
815:
794:
786:
784:
766:, Mlecchas,
751:
749:
738:
733:
727:
717:
691:
654:Mountaineers
611:
604:(3:51). The
598:Yudhishthira
547:
483:
460:
456:
452:
448:
408:Shanti Parva
406:
404:
389:
374:Thakar tribe
355:
296:
287:
279:
267:
265:
256:
246:
240:
234:
226:
208:
204:
200:
192:
186:
179:
178:scholars as
173:
158:
149:
134:Please help
122:
89:
85:
79:
72:
68:
62:
54:
52:
3268:Uttara Kuru
3008:Maha Chinas
2806:Dakshinatya
2714:Mahabharata
2454:Mahabharata
2429:M. A. Stein
2407:Uttarapatha
2269:2.27.25-26.
2267:Mahabharata
2087:M. A. Stein
1717:10/1/285-86
1706:Vayu Purana
1592:12.65.13-15
1561:Mahabharata
1526:Tokharistan
1497:Nihon Shoki
1490:Japan Visit
1477:Mahabharata
1454:Mahabharata
1442:Mahabharata
1438:Sabha Parva
1364:Afghanistan
1362:in eastern
1340:Megasthenes
1296:Mahabharata
1292:Mahabharata
1269:Mahabharata
1243:Uttarapatha
1220:uttarāpatha
1185:Raghuvamsha
1126:Tang Annals
998:Transoxiana
969:Atharvaveda
842:Mahabharata
697:Vayu Purana
695:texts like
473:, Tukhara,
440:Uttarapatha
413:Mahabharata
270:were among
219:Tarim Basin
195:and to the
90:Tokharistan
69:Mahabharata
64:Mahabharata
36:Tokharistan
3328:Categories
3238:Tamraparni
3183:Saurashtra
3113:Parvartaka
2958:Kishkindha
2936:Kimpurusha
2332:2011-02-24
2150:B.S.O.A.S.
1708:I.58.78-83
1536:Tocharians
1450:Transoxian
1336:Aśvakayana
1330:) and the
1063:chronicle
1034:Tu-huo-luo
756:Kshemendra
662:Duryodhana
537:, and the
531:Kshatriyas
503:Gandharvas
282:("Greater
210:Tocharians
3288:Vatadhana
3228:Surparaka
3178:Saraswata
3143:Prasthala
2856:Hara Huna
1696:144.51-58
1671:27.46-48.
1659:Ireland).
1577:Footnotes
1551:Janapadas
1506:Shravasti
1324:Assakenoi
1170:Badakshan
1159:Hindukush
1038:Hindukush
1020:Iron Pass
888:Religion
776:Parasikas
734:Kali Yuga
729:Kali Yuga
642:Andhrakas
578:Sindhavas
570:Harahunas
527:Brahmanas
467:Himalayas
327:Panchalas
299:mlechchas
280:Da Yuezhi
123:does not
74:mlechchas
3313:Yaudheya
3303:Vidarbha
3248:Trigarta
3233:Surasena
3128:Pishacha
3108:Parasika
3088:Panchala
3073:Nishadas
3038:Mekhalas
3028:Manipura
2886:Kalakuta
2866:Himalaya
2836:Gandhāra
2826:Dasherka
2821:Dasharna
2552:, p. 90.
2142:Sanskrit
2139:Buddhist
2069:. 1884.
1933:See link
1878:Ou-k'ong
1546:Bahlikas
1541:Kambojas
1520:See also
1473:Rishikas
1465:Kambojas
1427:Kanishka
1423:Vāsishka
1419:Huvishka
1399:Kushanas
1391:Rishikas
1380:Jaxartes
1332:Aśvayana
1316:Assacani
1312:Assaceni
1304:Kambojas
1256:Rishikas
1193:Kalidasa
1191:play by
1189:Sanskrit
1155:Kambojas
1117:Kiumizhi
1077:Kambojas
1027:Duhuoluo
1016:Xuanzang
994:Kambojas
974:Bahlikas
933:Bactrian
892:Hinduism
878:Sanskrit
813:valley.
807:Kambojas
768:Kambojas
674:Kambojas
650:Mlecchas
616:and the
602:Pandavas
594:Rajasuya
584:and the
568:and the
552:and the
550:Pahlavas
535:Vaishyas
523:Paundras
519:Madrakas
490:Mlechcha
463:Pandavas
433:barbaric
429:Pahlavas
425:Kambojas
390:thakkura
319:Pauravas
193:Tokharoi
3258:Tushara
3243:Tangana
3203:Sinhala
3188:Sauvira
3168:Salveya
3153:Pulinda
3123:Paurava
3118:Parvata
3083:Pallava
3068:Niharas
3058:Nasikya
3053:Mushika
3048:Mudgala
3043:Mleccha
3013:Mahisha
3003:Magadha
2998:Madraka
2973:Kuninda
2963:Konkana
2951:Kingdom
2941:Kinnara
2906:Karusha
2901:Karnata
2896:Kamboja
2891:Kalinga
2881:Kasmira
2846:Gomanta
2831:Dwaraka
2816:Dasarna
2776:Bhārata
2771:Bahlika
2499:region.
2378:, p. 64
2252:Parthia
2174:Tho-gar
2170:Kamboja
2164:and as
2162:Tibetan
2160:in the
2135:Tokhara
2131:Kamboja
2120:valley.
2114:Helmand
2011:Kamboj;
1771:Persica
1751:, p. 26
1531:Bactria
1481:Scythia
1475:of the
1415:Kaniṣka
1403:Kalhana
1320:Aspasio
1228:Kalhana
1216:Kashmir
1209:Ptolemy
1161:in the
1147:Kumijis
1141:of the
1123:of the
1113:Kumituo
1109:Kiumito
1105:Ptolemy
1101:Komedai
1081:Daradas
1073:Yavanas
1061:Tibetan
1057:Tho-gar
1013:pilgrim
1010:Chinese
978:Yavanas
961:Tukhara
953:Tukhara
925:Tukhara
867:Tushara
858:Kingdom
838:Tushara
799:Kashmir
791:Kalhana
772:Yavanas
713:Udichya
709:Daradas
693:Puranic
646:Kiratas
634:Daradas
626:Yavanas
622:Kaurava
614:Yavanas
590:Kasmira
586:Malavas
582:Kekayas
562:Yavanas
558:Kiratas
554:Daradas
545:kings.
539:Shudras
515:Andhras
499:Kiratas
495:Yavanas
479:Kulinda
417:Kiratas
411:of the
366:Thakere
362:Thakkar
317:to the
311:Yadavas
288:Tukhara
268:Tukhara
257:Tukhara
227:Tukhara
205:Tukhara
201:Tochari
144:removed
129:sources
104:Tukhara
94:Bactria
86:Tokhara
82:Tukhara
55:Tushara
3308:Yavana
3298:Videha
3278:Utkala
3213:Sonita
3198:Sindhu
3193:Shakya
3148:Pundra
3098:Parada
3093:Pandya
3033:Matsya
3023:Malava
3018:Malla
2968:Kosala
2946:Kirata
2931:Kikata
2921:Kerala
2916:Kekeya
2876:Kanchi
2796:Chinas
2761:Avanti
2756:Asmaka
2751:Assaka
2736:Anarta
2731:Andhra
2726:Abhira
2663:
2633:
2612:
2356:55-56,
2100:Purana
2053:
1999:Kumedh
1995:Kumadh
1991:Komdei
1987:Kiu.mi
1958:
1826:
1793:
1694:Matsya
1514:Kyushu
1397:. The
1395:Yuezhi
1328:Arrian
1306:(i.e.
1283:Asiani
1135:Kumadh
1107:, the
1089:Khasas
1042:Persia
1024:Pinyin
957:Yuezhi
907:
803:tribes
764:Shakas
754:of Pt
720:tribes
678:Arjuna
670:Yavana
652:, the
636:, the
630:Khasas
628:, the
574:Chinas
566:Sakras
521:, the
517:, the
507:Chinas
505:, the
501:, the
497:, the
475:Darada
444:Dasyus
436:tribes
421:Chinas
386:Thakur
382:Thakar
378:Thakor
370:Takhar
347:Anavas
303:Yayati
284:Yuezhi
248:Krorän
3293:Vatsa
3283:Vanga
3223:Suhma
3218:Sudra
3173:Salwa
3163:Salva
2993:Madra
2988:Lanka
2978:Kunti
2926:Khasa
2911:Kashi
2841:Garga
2811:Danda
2791:Chola
2786:Chera
2781:Chedi
2746:Anupa
2508:Lohan
2497:Anupa
2493:Trans
2133:with
2118:Kabul
1467:i.e.
1459:and
1411:Juṣka
1407:Huṣka
1360:Indus
1356:Aseni
1277:"The
1201:Hunas
1143:Greek
1131:Kumed
1091:etc.
1085:Hunas
986:Sakas
982:Yonas
949:Daxia
945:Gansu
935:, an
903:Rajas
826:Indus
782:etc.
780:Hunas
724:Khasa
658:Kurus
638:Sakas
618:Sakas
606:Sakas
511:Sakas
486:Vedic
471:China
323:Kurus
213:– an
181:Daxia
3263:Ursa
3253:Tulu
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