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each developed their own form of artificial eardrum. Despite initial enthusiasm for these devices, experience amongst the medical profession over the following half century demonstrated their minimal value in the treatment of a perforated eardrum, which generally heals naturally.
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Type 3 involves removal of ossicles and epitympanum when there are large defects of the malleus and incus. The tympanic membrane is repaired and directly connected to the head of the
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Browning GG, Merchant SN, Kelly G et al. Chronic otitis media. In: Gleeson M, ed. Scott-Brown's
Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. London: Hodder Arnold, 2008:3395-445
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Type 4 describes a repair when the stapes foot plate is movable, but the crura are missing. The resulting middle ear will only consist of the
Eustachian tube and hypotympanum.
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Chu, EA and
Jackler, RK (2003) The Artificial Tympanic Membrane (1840-1910): From Brilliant Innovation to Quack Device. Otology & Neurotology 24:507-518
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This procedure is required if there is a damage to the bone chain of the middle ear. Commonly affected bone is the long process of incus, where it gets
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300:(transcanal approach), through an incision in the ear (endaural approach) or through an incision behind the ear (postauricular approach). A
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Type 2 involves repair of the tympanic membrane and middle ear in spite of slight defects in the middle ear
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specialists will elect to watch and see if it heals on its own. After that, surgery may be considered.
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Wullstein, H. (1956), Theory and practice of tympanoplasty. The
Laryngoscope, 66: 1076–1093.
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Type 5 is a repair involving a fixed stapes footplate. Also called fenestration operation.
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may be taken to reconstruct the tympanic membrane. Common graft sites include the
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Tympanoplasty is classified into five different types, originally described by
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Banzer, M. (1640) Disputatio de auditione laesa (Dissertation on deafness)
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if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
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is normal. A type 1 tympanoplasty is synonymous to myringoplasty.
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In the middle of the nineteenth century the
British otologists
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performed to reconstruct hearing mechanism of middle ear.
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to 2 hours if an incision is needed. It is done under
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272:. If the perforation is from recent trauma, many
264:The term 'myringoplasty' refers to repair of the
268:alone. There are several options for treating a
49:Please review the contents of the article and
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507:Ruptured eardrum: Treatment - MayoClinic.com
352:The first recorded attempt at repairing the
322:to 1 hour if done through the ear canal and
356:was made by Marcus Banzer in 1640 using an
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512:A Review on the History of Tympanoplasty
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473:Diseases of the ear, nose and throat
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441:"Tympanoplasty or Myringoplasty"
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140:Before and after a tympanoplasty
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227:Type 1 involves repair of the
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368:Artificial tympanic membranes
16:Surgical operation on the ear
651:Auditory brainstem response
36:reliable medical references
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42:or relies too heavily on
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280:Ossicular reconstruction
221:Horst Ludwig Wullstein
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223:(1906–1987) in 1956.
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274:ear, nose and throat
646:Caloric reflex test
342:general anesthesia
270:perforated eardrum
209:surgical operation
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32:This article
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40:verification
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682:Ear surgery
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406:Myringotomy
34:needs more
671:Categories
579:Middle ear
549:procedures
547:Tests and
412:References
233:middle ear
76:newspapers
617:Inner ear
569:Otoplasty
561:Outer ear
447:13 August
298:ear canal
147:Specialty
385:See also
308:and the
286:necrosed
240:ossicles
163:ICD-9-CM
551:on the
391:Eardrum
348:History
331:⁄
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207:is the
185:D014433
90:scholar
55:removed
310:tragus
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634:Tests
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97:JSTOR
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179:MeSH
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