531:
546:
662:
752:
554:
649:
57:
699:
490:– Two Type 11 actions mounted on a flexible mounting for anti-aircraft use and as a rear-defense aerial gun. The machine gun was chambered for the 7.7x58mmSR Type 89 cartridge. It was equipped with a metallic Y-shaped stock and two spade grips, the barrels had no cooling fins. It was fed from two 45-round quadrant-shaped pan magazines (each magazine had a place for nine five-round stripper clips). The double-barrelled machine gun weighted about 28 kg and had a rate of fire of around 1,400 rpm.
31:
419:
512:– A modified Type 11 which was designed to replace the Type 89 "flexible" due to the excessive weight of the latter. It used a different flexible mounting, had a shorter wooden stock and a straight pistol grip with an enlarged trigger guard, the barrel had no cooling fins. It was chambered for the 7.7x58mmSR Type 89 cartridge and fed from 70-round pan magazines. It is uncertain whether the Te-4 was made by splitting the Type 89 "flexible" or was a direct derivative of Type 11.
624:
458:
system had the advantage that any squad member could supply ammunition and that the hopper could be replenished at any time. The relatively short barrel (17.5 inches) produced excessive flash with standard ammunition (initially intended for Type 38 rifles with barrels more than a foot longer). A new load was introduced which burned much more completely in the Type 11's short barrel and produced much less flash as a result. This new round was called the
711:
727:
687:
358:. It had an unusual feed system which required five round clips to be dropped into a hopper, this held up to a total of six clips (30 rounds) and each round was oiled as it was fed into the chamber. Despite good overall performance, this feed system was prone to collect dirt and grit which would jam the weapon while in use. It was issued to troops in 1922 and saw extensive service as a squad weapon until 1945.
674:
636:
494:
741:
411:
457:
used on the Type 38 rifle. The five-round clips were stacked lying flat above the receiver, secured by a spring arm, and the rounds were stripped from the lowest clip one at a time, with the empty clip dropped out the bottom and the next clip automatically falling into place as the gun was fired. The
468:
The inherent disadvantage of the hopper was that the open feeder box allowed dust and grit to enter the gun, which was liable to jam in muddy or dirty conditions due to issues with poor dimensional tolerances, which gave the weapon a bad reputation with
Japanese troops. Another issue was that the
504:– was a modified Type 11 for use on tanks and armoured vehicles. The machine gun was equipped with an angled pistol grip, the stock and bipod were removed. Additionally, the machine gun was equipped with two brackets (on the right side) for mounting a 1.5x30 scope manufactured by Tomioka Kogaku.
469:
weight of the rifle cartridges in the side-mounted hopper unbalanced the weapon when fully loaded. To compensate, the buttstock was designed in a way that it bent to the right, leading to the
Chinese nickname for the weapon as the "bent buttstock" (
452:
A feature of the Type 11 machine gun is its detachable hopper; it can be refilled while attached and does not require removal during operation. Instead of a belt or box magazine, the Type 11 was designed to hold up to six of the same
390:, and the Army Technical Bureau was tasked with the development of a lightweight machine gun which could be easily transported by an infantry squad. The resultant "Type 11 light machine gun" (named after the 11th year of the reign of
1685:
630:: Purchased a small number before war with Japan began. Later captured Japanese examples were used by all Chinese armies including Nationalist, Warlord, Collaborationist and Communist.
423:
1375:
573:
in production in 1936, it remained in service with front-line combat through the end of World War II. Many were captured by the
Chinese and were used against the Japanese. The
2285:
561:
The Type 11 came into active service in 1922, and some 29,000 were produced by the time production stopped in 1941. It was the primary
Japanese light machine gun through the
435:
2290:
2270:
1678:
1480:
958:
1671:
354:. Adopted as the Imperial Japanese Army's first light machine gun, the Type 11 was designed by Kijirō Nambu and had certain similarities to the
1066:
530:
394:, or 1922) was the first light machine gun to be mass-produced in Japan and the oldest Japanese light machine gun design to see service in the
1362:
1343:
1324:
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1084:
942:
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1219:
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1157:
1031:
666:
2116:
2265:
2011:
1426:
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112:
545:
2159:
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100:
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140:
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2016:
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1189:
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120:
30:
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2203:
2193:
2188:
2183:
1953:
1948:
1571:
934:
602:
562:
507:
485:
477:). Reloading the weapon during an assault charge proved impossible due to the clip feeding system.
459:
439:
383:
116:
1090:
866:
1761:
1450:
1259:
539:
367:
623:
418:
1988:
1935:
1604:
1531:
1358:
1339:
1320:
1315:
Machine Gun: The
Development of the Machine Gun from the Nineteenth Century to the Present Day
1288:
1245:
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1120:
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128:
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44:
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1736:
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1503:
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470:
1600:
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2054:
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1809:
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1430:
1271:
654:
387:
347:
272:
62:
2224:
2219:
927:
859:
431:
382:. This was reinforced by first-hand observations of European combat tactics by Japanese
2064:
2059:
1886:
1853:
1751:
1547:
1313:
1281:
549:
A Type 11 light machine gun captured by the
Chinese Army and used against IJA soldiers
2249:
1873:
1819:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1653:
1620:
1535:
1527:
1499:
1142:
446:
375:
2198:
2131:
2026:
1868:
1863:
1741:
1695:
1519:
351:
262:
155:
104:
1423:
1649:
1515:
732:
716:
692:
610:
586:
395:
371:
136:
1829:
1511:
1446:
1387:
1167:
1117:
The Dutch–Indonesian War 1945–49: Armies of the
Indonesian War of Independence
590:
493:
222:
132:
1072:
The
Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History
1628:
1608:
1567:
1523:
1304:
Japanese Small Arms of WW2; Light
Machine Guns Models 11, 96, 99 97 & 92
1181:
755:
745:
679:
641:
606:
598:
581:
with Type 11s in 1936. Both sides also used Type 11 machine guns during the
578:
1024:
Rays of the rising sun : armed forces of Japan's Asian allies, 1931-45
1435:
825:
557:
A Type 11 (background) used by
Indonesian irregulars during training, 1946
1708:
1394:. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). January 1943 .
1076:
519:
379:
1148:. The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15. Bantam Books. pp.
1775:
1728:
1712:
1588:
1543:
410:
1624:
1616:
1592:
1458:
518:- A copy of the Type 11 design manufactured in small numbers at the
465:
round and the ammunition cartons were identified by a circled "G".
1917:
1909:
1839:
1771:
1575:
552:
544:
529:
492:
430:
The Type 11 light machine gun was a design by famed arms designer
417:
409:
422:
A Chinese copy of the Type 11 light machine gun (Type 17) in the
1667:
1462:
861:
Japanese Army in World War II - Conquest of the Pacific 1941-42
1612:
1555:
174:
1376:"兵器臨時定価、予価、表送付の件 Military catalogue of the Japanese military"
593:. Indonesian nationalist forces used the Type 11 during the
438:. It was an air-cooled, gas-operated design, using the same
1212:
China's Small Arms of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
999:
China's Small Arms of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
1026:. Vol. 1, China & Manchukuo. Helion. p. 15.
783:
Banking and Monetary Statistics, 1914-1941, Part I, p. 673
370:
of 1904–1905 had convinced the Japanese of the utility of
1401:"Japanese Taish? Type 11 (Model 1922) Light Machine Gun"
1355:
Handbook on Japanese Military Forces, TM-E 30–480 (1945)
1069:. In Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G. Jr. (eds.).
305:
30-round, hopper system using 6x 5-round stripper clips
1357:(reprint ed.). Louisiana State University Press.
1388:"Banking and Monetary Statistics, 1914-1941, Part I"
2212:
2168:
2130:
2107:
2073:
2025:
1987:
1934:
1885:
1838:
1770:
1727:
1702:
1644:
1583:
1494:
792:
Bishop, The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
309:
301:
289:
281:
271:
261:
249:
237:
221:
213:
205:
200:
189:
181:
169:
161:
151:
146:
92:
81:
73:
68:
50:
40:
21:
1312:
1280:
1141:
774:Military catalogue of the Japanese military, p. 48
424:Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution
912:Meyer, The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan. pg.55
815:Meyer, The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan. pg.53
331:
865:. Oxford, England: Osprey Publishing. p.
325:
1679:
1474:
803:"TYPE 11 MACHINE GUN - Quartermaster Section"
8:
1110:
1108:
1449:. Forgotten Weapons (YouTube). 2014-08-03.
1306:. Firing Pin Enterprizes. ASIN: B000KFVGSU.
1242:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
2286:Military equipment introduced in the 1920s
1686:
1672:
1664:
1481:
1467:
1459:
18:
2291:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1922
852:
850:
436:Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun
434:, based on a modification of the French
929:Japanese Aircraft Equipment 1940 – 1945
767:
2271:World War II infantry weapons of Japan
1267:
1257:
920:
918:
1119:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 33.
7:
589:used Type 11 and Type 91 during the
1495:Clip only (internal/fixed magazine)
1283:The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan
1075:. Vol. 1. A-L (2nd ed.).
1447:"Japanese Type 11 LMG Disassembly"
1436:Taki’s Imperial Japanese Army page
1399:Segel, Robert G (September 2015).
538:armed with the Type 11 during the
16:Type of Japanese light machine gun
14:
1392:Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
601:also used the Type 11 during the
1453:from the original on 2021-12-13.
750:
739:
725:
709:
697:
685:
672:
667:Malayan National Liberation Army
660:
647:
634:
622:
356:Hotchkiss series of machine guns
282:Effective firing range
55:
29:
933:. Shiffer Publishing. pp.
565:and in the early stages of the
1336:Japanese Infantryman 1937–1945
1214:(2021 ed.). p. 161.
1140:Ezell, Edward Clinton (1988).
1001:(2021 ed.). p. 161.
595:Indonesian National Revolution
293:3,700 m (4,000 yd) (
290:Maximum firing range
277:736 m/s (2,415 ft/s)
190:
113:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1762:Hamada Type 1, Type 2 pistols
1694:Japanese infantry weapons of
1353:US Department of War (1994).
1065:Kinard, Jeff (9 April 2010).
720:: Captured from Japanese army
569:. Although superseded by the
1584:Dual use (clip and magazine)
1441:US Technical Manual E 30–480
1240:Bishop, Chris (eds) (1998).
536:Special Naval Landing Forces
333:Jyūichinen-shiki Kei-kikanjū
217:1,100 mm (43.3 in)
209:10.2 kg (22.49 lb)
1334:Rottman, Gordon L. (2005).
1182:"Type 11 Light Machine Gun"
1052:wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com
1048:"Mukden Arsenal after WWII"
959:"1220195091.1027914646.jpg"
857:Rottman, Gordon L. (2005).
398:. It was superseded by the
332:
101:Soviet-Japanese Border Wars
2307:
2179:6.5×50mmSR Type 30/Type 38
1380:National Archives of Japan
1022:Jowett, Philip S. (2004).
925:Mikesh, Robert C. (2004).
414:A Type 11 with accessories
228:443 mm (17.4 in)
177:($ 157 USD) in August 1939
86:
23:Type 11 light machine gun
2281:Machine guns of Manchukuo
2276:World War II machine guns
571:Type 96 light machine gun
474:
400:Type 96 light machine gun
366:Combat experience in the
326:
321:Type 11 light machine gun
232:
141:Indo-Pakistan War of 1971
51:Place of origin
35:Type 11 light machine gun
28:
2194:7.7×58mm Type 97/Type 99
1849:Type 97 automatic cannon
1552:Schönberger-Laumann 1892
1311:Popenker, Maxim (2008).
1115:Lohnstein, Marc (2023).
703:People's Liberation Army
577:replaced its ex-Chinese
567:Second Sino-Japanese War
497:Type 91 tank machine gun
285:800 m (870 yd)
97:Second Sino-Japanese War
1382:. Ministry of the Army.
1190:Australian War Memorial
977:"Machine Gun Equipment"
903:Segel, Robert G. (2015)
575:Manchukuo Imperial Army
1864:Type 4 automatic rifle
1287:. The Military Press.
1244:. Barnes & Nobel.
979:. Japanese Weapons.net
558:
550:
542:
498:
447:Type 38 infantry rifle
427:
415:
344:Imperial Japanese Army
263:Rate of fire
2266:Machine guns of Japan
1338:. Osprey Publishing.
556:
548:
533:
496:
421:
413:
121:Darul Islam Rebellion
1900:Experimental Model 2
1895:Experimental Model 1
1824:Type 99 sniper rifle
1815:Type 97 sniper rifle
1302:Morse, D.R. (1996).
1279:Mayer, S.L. (1984).
273:Muzzle velocity
125:Hukbalahap Rebellion
2122:Experimental Type 5
2117:Experimental Type 4
1747:North China Type 19
1403:. Small Arms Review
1093:on 16 November 2018
891:"Type 11 Nambu LMG"
603:First Indochina War
563:Manchurian Incident
117:First Indochina War
2261:Light machine guns
2213:Handgun cartridges
2189:7.7×58mmSR Type 92
2184:7.7×58mmSR Type 89
1989:Heavy machine guns
1936:Light machine guns
1429:2007-09-28 at the
1270:has generic name (
1144:Personal firepower
965:on April 27, 2014.
843:TM-E 30–480 (1945)
559:
551:
543:
540:Battle of Shanghai
499:
487:Type 89 "flexible"
428:
416:
368:Russo-Japanese War
147:Production history
2256:Clip-fed firearms
2243:
2242:
2230:9×19mm Parabellum
2199:7.7×56mmR British
2075:Grenade launchers
1661:
1660:
1605:Mauser Model 1889
1532:M1903 Springfield
1489:Clip-fed firearms
1424:dragonsoffire.com
1364:978-0-8071-2013-2
1345:978-1-84176-818-2
1326:978-1-84797-030-5
1294:978-0-517-42313-4
1251:978-0-7607-1022-7
1086:978-1-85109-849-1
944:978-0-7643-2097-2
628:Republic of China
583:Chinese Civil War
384:military attachés
340:light machine gun
317:
316:
129:Malayan Emergency
109:Chinese Civil War
45:Light machine gun
2298:
2204:7.92×57mm Mauser
2109:Rocket launchers
1926:Beretta Model 38
1737:Type 26 revolver
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1540:Mannlicher M1895
1508:Roth-Steyr M1907
1504:Mannlicher M1894
1483:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1395:
1383:
1368:
1349:
1330:
1318:
1307:
1298:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1226:
1225:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1126:978-1472-8547-42
1112:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1089:. Archived from
1062:
1056:
1055:
1054:. April 3, 2017.
1044:
1038:
1037:
1019:
1013:
1012:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
973:
967:
966:
961:. Archived from
955:
949:
948:
932:
922:
913:
910:
904:
901:
895:
894:
893:. 30 March 2012.
887:
881:
880:
864:
854:
845:
840:
834:
833:
830:www3.plala.or.jp
822:
816:
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742:
735:
731:
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728:
719:
715:
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689:
688:
678:
676:
675:
665:
664:
663:
653:
651:
650:
640:
638:
637:
626:
476:
460:6.5×50mm Arisaka
440:6.5×50mm Arisaka
337:
335:
329:
328:
302:Feed system
295:6.5×50mm Arisaka
244:6.5×50mm Arisaka
192:
61:
59:
58:
33:
24:
19:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2235:9×22mmR Type 26
2208:
2164:
2126:
2103:
2077:and attachments
2069:
2021:
1983:
1930:
1887:Submachine guns
1881:
1834:
1810:Type 44 carbine
1805:Type 38 carbine
1790:Type 30 carbine
1766:
1742:Type 14 (Nambu)
1723:
1698:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1640:
1597:Bergmann–Bayard
1579:
1490:
1487:
1457:
1445:
1431:Wayback Machine
1419:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1352:
1346:
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1327:
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1301:
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1114:
1113:
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1096:
1094:
1087:
1079:. p. 535.
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1063:
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1021:
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1016:
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995:
991:
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778:
773:
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740:
738:
726:
724:
723:
710:
708:
707:
686:
684:
673:
671:
661:
659:
655:Japanese Empire
648:
646:
635:
633:
619:
528:
483:
455:cartridge clips
408:
388:First World War
364:
348:interwar period
323:
233:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
74:In service
69:Service history
63:Empire of Japan
56:
54:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2302:
2294:
2293:
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2268:
2263:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:8×22mm Type 14
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
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1854:Type Hei rifle
1851:
1845:
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1817:
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1807:
1802:
1797:
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1765:
1764:
1759:
1757:Type 94 pistol
1754:
1749:
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1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1706:
1704:
1703:Bladed weapons
1700:
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1417:External links
1415:
1414:
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1067:"Machine guns"
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392:Emperor Taishō
378:for advancing
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2220:7×20mm Nambu
1943:
1919:
1911:
1875:
1869:Type I rifle
1752:Sugiura Type
1696:World War II
1559:
1520:Mosin-Nagant
1405:. Retrieved
1391:
1379:
1354:
1335:
1314:
1303:
1282:
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1193:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
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1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1071:
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981:. Retrieved
971:
963:the original
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928:
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516:Liao Type 17
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467:
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451:
432:Kijirō Nambu
429:
372:machine guns
365:
352:World War II
342:used by the
320:
318:
256:Gas-operated
225: length
156:Kijiro Nambu
105:World War II
82:Used by
1650:Speedloader
1601:Lee–Enfield
1560:Type 11 LMG
1516:Steyr M1912
1319:. Crowood.
1210:Shih, Bin.
1097:15 November
997:Shih, Bin.
733:South Korea
717:Philippines
693:North Korea
611:Vietnam War
609:during the
587:North Korea
396:Pacific War
386:during the
350:and during
193: built
137:Vietnam War
2250:Categories
2171:cartridges
1512:Mauser C96
1233:References
1195:4 February
1186:awm.gov.au
1168:1036801376
983:2015-12-11
876:1841767891
591:Korean War
579:ZB vz. 30s
443:cartridges
133:Korean War
1629:T48 rifle
1609:Gewehr 43
1568:M1 Garand
1524:Gewehr 98
1260:cite book
756:Viet Minh
746:Viet Cong
680:Manchukuo
642:Indonesia
607:Viet Cong
599:Viet Minh
522:Arsenal.
426:, Beijing
402:in 1936.
239:Cartridge
185:1922–1941
77:1922–1945
2160:Type 100
2145:Number 2
2140:Number 1
2094:Type 100
1905:Type 100
1729:Handguns
1713:Bayonets
1707:Swords:
1548:Pedersen
1451:Archived
1427:Archived
1407:June 13,
1077:ABC-CLIO
481:Variants
380:infantry
327:十一年式軽機関銃
182:Produced
162:Designed
152:Designer
2155:Type 95
2150:Type 93
2089:Type 89
2084:Type 10
2055:Type 99
2050:Type 98
2045:Type 97
2040:Type 91
2035:Type 10
2012:Type 97
2007:Type 93
2002:Type 92
1974:Type 99
1969:Type 98
1964:Type 97
1959:Type 96
1954:Type 92
1949:Type 89
1944:Type 11
1842:(other)
1820:Type 99
1800:Type 38
1795:Type 35
1785:Type 30
1776:Arisaka
1717:Type 30
1637:Type 81
1633:Type 63
1589:Ag m/42
1564:Type Kō
1544:Carcano
502:Type 91
471:Chinese
445:as the
362:History
346:in the
2169:Rifle
2099:Type 2
2065:Type 4
2060:Type 3
2017:Type 1
1997:Type 3
1979:Type 1
1840:Rifles
1772:Rifles
1721:Type 2
1625:SVT-40
1617:MAS-49
1593:AVS-36
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937:–116.
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639:
597:. The
520:Mukden
473::
338:was a
310:Sights
251:Action
223:Barrel
214:Length
196:29,000
60:
1918:Type
1910:Type
1874:Type
1709:Guntō
1645:Other
1152:-48.
762:Notes
617:Users
463:genso
87:Users
1830:TERA
1409:2021
1359:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1272:help
1246:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1197:2019
1164:OCLC
1154:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1099:2018
1081:ISBN
1028:ISBN
1003:ISBN
939:ISBN
871:ISBN
826:"MG"
585:and
534:IJN
509:Te-4
319:The
313:Iron
206:Mass
173:585
165:1922
93:Wars
85:See
41:Type
1613:K31
1556:SKS
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475:歪把子
191:No.
175:yen
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
