Knowledge

Talk:Computational science

Source 📝

1449:: "CSE is a broad multidisciplinary area that encompasses applications in science/engineering, applied mathematics, numerical analysis, and computer science. Computer models and computer simulations have become an important part of the research repertoire, supplementing (and in some cases replacing) experimentation. Going from application area to computational results requires domain expertise, mathematical modeling, numerical analysis, algorithm development, software implementation, program execution, analysis, validation and visualization of results. CSE involves all of this." Is the definition in the article a reasonable summary of this? 808: 1189: 703: 693: 672: 200: 1113: 903: 1092: 882: 1233: 1215: 1123: 798: 1018: 777: 913: 331: 596: 1008: 987: 575: 254: 1243: 233: 191: 1623:
In some universities computational science is offered as a different course from theoretical computer science in the same way that applied mathematics is a separate course from discrete or theoretical mathematics. This doesn't mean however that they don't belong both in the wider branches of computer
1571:
I took an engineering degree in the 1950s where I never used more than a slide-rule (max 3 sig figs) and on rare occasions a book of 7-figure tables. Eight years later I was using a supercomputer to solve engineering design problems of unheard size and complexity. The term ‘computational scientist’
1495:
Hi. The current state of the article narrows down computational science to the evaluation of mathematical models via computer simulation. You can do scientific research through agent-based models which are computational models but not necessarily mathematical one. It's not fair to ignore this type of
1563:
I have just discovered this article. My immediate reaction is that, although giving a valuable introduction to the subject, it lacks historical perspective. In particular it gives the impression that computational science was born more or less simultaneously with the computer; yet at the same time
1358:
The page should not have advertising links. JJL removed one, rightly. I removed two more but JJL put them back. It is not acceptable to have links to specific colleges running computation courses. There are hundreds of such courses - why should two be singled out for free advertising on wikipedia?
1711:
I agree with this citation. Basically I wanted to point out that both computational science and theoretical computer science are branches of the wider term "computer science" and not completely different disciplines as the article implied. Other than that I agree that computational science is not
1396:
I think the bigger problem is the actual advertising. Currently there are links to websites that are nothing but fake reviews and links to commercial software. I am going to delete them as they are not real computational science resources but nothing more than ad sites. As for college courses
1616:
Hello, I'm writing concerning the sources on my claim that computational science is part of theoretical computer science which is in turn a branch of computer science. For me as a professional on the topic it is common sense but it will be difficult to prove my claim since there are no fixed
1567:
My view is that the definition ‘computational science’ may be relatively new, but that it encompasses disciplines that go back for centuries, even (depending on one’s viewpoint) to the famous Babylonian tablet calculating the square root of 2. Thus for example the pre-computer interpolation
1316:
and refers to the openness and reproducibilty of computational analysis in a scientific approach. The computational science part in the "Open Computational Science" refers to the application of methods of computational science. Environmental scientist do not contribute to a computer science
1419:
Computational science is a huge subject, and such a small article hardly does it any justice. Those who read this article would likely be left scratching their heads wondering exactly what the field really is. I suggest adding some real world examples of what is done. For example, some
352: 1624:
science and mathematics, respectively. To summarize my point: Computer science is a very wide scientific field and it's not about technical tasks such as fixing computers and making software as most people think. Computational science is a theoretical branch of this field.
1381:
I don't think this is advertising in this case. Both links have extensive materials on computational science education, which is why I included them. (I'm not associated with either in any way.) Take a look at the links and let me know what you think.
1303:
If e.g. a study in environmental science is based on computational analysis. The algorithms and methodology are explained in a scientific paper, but the algorithms (e.g. programmed in numerical or statistical software) are not required to be shared.
1656: 1617:
definition for those things are are often a matter of personal opinion. However it would also be impossible to prove the opposite which was also unsourced in the article prior to my edits. Off the top of my head, a source for my claim would be this
1568:
techniques of numerical analysis used for the calculation of logarithmic and trigonometric tables can readily be seen to be ‘computational science’; as can all pre-c1945 applications such as designing airships or the cracking of codes.
204: 153: 1658:
on p. xi. If it should be regarded as a subfield of theoretical computer science instead, then it should at least be mentioned in that article, and the whole category tree needs to be changed for consistency.
1891: 376: 759: 1317:
discipline. The computational approach of data analysis is open and reproducible e.g. with Open Source code and Open Data. This could be distinguished from the computer science research. --
516: 1881: 1896: 433: 371: 147: 1951: 1906: 294: 304: 1472:): "An inter-disciplinary approach to doing science on computers." As an ACM conference publication it is peer-reviewed. Not sure if the SIAM page was peer-reviewed. 1991: 1643:
field concerned with solving mathematical problems in science and engineering with the aid of computers, and that it is more appropriately classified as a subfield of
1197: 1911: 1809: 1805: 1791: 1971: 1064: 864: 44: 1639:
I am not convinced that the claim is common sense even in the field of theoretical computer science. I'd say common sense is that computational science is an
1074: 1308:
computational science use publishes the source code for the analysis with in turn can be execute in an Open Source statistics software like R or in Octave.
1921: 1712:
entirely a subfield of theoretical computer science because the former has applications whereas the latter does not. I'll make some edits to reflect this.
1620:
published work in which the Computational science topic is clearly sub-categorized under theoretical computer science and in turn under computer science.
644: 270: 1936: 1901: 749: 654: 478: 79: 1986: 1976: 1961: 1876: 1169: 959: 2006: 1946: 1572:
was yet to be invented, but I was such a person by virtue of my honours degree obtained with a slide-rule, not because I was using a supercomputer.
1179: 969: 854: 1886: 452: 1496:
modelling so wide-spread thorough scientific disciplines e.g. individual-based modelling in ecology, agent-based modelling in social sciences.
1040: 725: 317: 261: 238: 1499:
I would suggest replacing the mathematical model bias of the current state of the page with a more balanced one. Let me know what you think?
807: 1996: 1966: 1931: 1265: 541: 85: 2001: 1366: 620: 1916: 1427: 1398: 424: 1695:
Interesting. I'd think computational science is part of applied, rather than pure or theoretical, computing. So maybe I agree Isheden.
1777: 935: 830: 1981: 1956: 1941: 1787:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
1031: 992: 716: 677: 405: 168: 135: 1256: 1220: 1926: 1871: 603: 580: 497: 99: 30: 1469: 104: 20: 1397:
linked, if they are reasonable, why not? I doubt that anyone will assume that links from WP are an official endorsement!
1136: 1097: 926: 887: 821: 782: 74: 1852: 462: 343: 213: 129: 472: 386: 65: 1515: 507: 269:
related articles on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
125: 1678: 1644: 1618: 534: 1808:
to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
1370: 1402: 175: 1843: 1767: 1759: 1431: 109: 1322: 1128: 616: 1827:
If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with
1815: 1751: 1580: 443: 219: 24: 1758:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit 702: 1188: 1503: 1423: 1362: 190: 1778:
https://web.archive.org/web/20100528022316/http://www.capital.edu/21424/Computational-Studies/7111/
1717: 1648: 1629: 161: 141: 55: 1264:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
1039:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
934:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
829:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
724:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
619:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
1023: 708: 70: 1812:
before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template
692: 671: 1828: 1507: 1732: 1700: 1686: 1664: 1598: 1546: 1532: 1318: 1248: 362: 51: 1674: 1652: 1576: 1564:
saying that ‘numerical analysis’ underpins computational science (which of course it does).
414: 266: 1835: 1781: 1477: 1313: 1145: 1590:
Interesting. Especially given how early some of these comments were, in a relative sense.
1112: 1091: 902: 881: 1794:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by 1713: 1625: 1511: 918: 813: 488: 330: 1834:
If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
1232: 1214: 1017: 353:
Requested articles/Applied arts and sciences/Computer science, computing, and Internet
1865: 1454: 1387: 1447: 1341: 1728: 1696: 1682: 1660: 1594: 1542: 1528: 912: 1857: 1801: 1736: 1721: 1704: 1690: 1668: 1633: 1602: 1584: 1550: 1536: 1519: 1481: 1458: 1435: 1406: 1391: 1374: 1348: 1326: 1036: 797: 776: 721: 1612:
Computational science <- Theoretical computer science <- computer science
1465: 1007: 986: 595: 574: 1800:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than 1473: 1261: 1242: 1238: 1118: 1013: 908: 803: 698: 612: 395: 253: 232: 1768:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120224073451/http://www.man.poznan.pl/cmst/
1450: 1383: 1345: 608: 931: 826: 1141: 1541:
The role of ai isn't not pertinent; complicates this significantly.
1771: 1575:
Could we perhaps begin to expand the article in this direction??
471:
Find pictures for the biographies of computer scientists (see
184: 15: 1187: 1762:
for additional information. I made the following changes:
1655:). This view is supported by for instance this reference 1782:
http://www.capital.edu/21424/Computational-Studies/7111/
1755: 1336:
I switched the redirects. It seems to me that the name
160: 1892:
Knowledge level-5 vital articles in Physical sciences
1446:
I consider the SIAM reports fairly definitive; e.g.
1260:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 1035:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 930:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 825:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 720:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 607:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 265:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 1804:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors 377:Computer science articles needing expert attention 1342:http://www.siam.org/students/resources/report.php 33:for general discussion of the article's subject. 1790:This message was posted before February 2018. 517:WikiProject Computer science/Unreferenced BLPs 1882:Knowledge vital articles in Physical sciences 1681:, it seems those articles support this view. 174: 8: 1466:http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=170795 1140:, which collaborates on articles related to 1897:C-Class vital articles in Physical sciences 1593:Check out the historical timeline article. 434:Computer science articles without infoboxes 372:Computer science articles needing attention 1952:C-Class physics articles of Mid-importance 1527:Something else to note too. Marking this. 1332:Computational Science/Scientific Computing 1209: 1086: 981: 876: 771: 666: 569: 338:Here are some tasks awaiting attention: 312: 227: 1907:High-importance Computer science articles 1750:I have just modified 2 external links on 1647:(which in turn can be seen as a field of 1992:Systems articles in scientific modeling 1211: 1088: 983: 878: 773: 668: 571: 229: 188: 279:Knowledge:WikiProject Computer science 1912:WikiProject Computer science articles 1312:computational science contributes to 282:Template:WikiProject Computer science 7: 1972:High-importance Engineering articles 1254:This article is within the scope of 1196:This article is within the field of 1134:This article is within the scope of 1029:This article is within the scope of 924:This article is within the scope of 819:This article is within the scope of 714:This article is within the scope of 601:This article is within the scope of 259:This article is within the scope of 23:for discussing improvements to the 1922:High-importance Computing articles 1673:After cross-checking the articles 453:Timeline of computing 2020–present 14: 1937:Mid-priority mathematics articles 1902:C-Class Computer science articles 1754:. Please take a moment to review 1314:Reproducible Science and Research 1049:Knowledge:WikiProject Engineering 734:Knowledge:WikiProject Mathematics 479:Computing articles needing images 1987:High-importance Systems articles 1977:WikiProject Engineering articles 1962:High-importance science articles 1877:Knowledge level-5 vital articles 1274:Knowledge:WikiProject Technology 1241: 1231: 1213: 1121: 1111: 1090: 1052:Template:WikiProject Engineering 1016: 1006: 985: 911: 901: 880: 806: 796: 775: 737:Template:WikiProject Mathematics 701: 691: 670: 594: 573: 329: 252: 231: 198: 189: 45:Click here to start a new topic. 2007:WikiProject Technology articles 1947:Mid-importance physics articles 1277:Template:WikiProject Technology 1174:This article has been rated as 1069:This article has been rated as 964:This article has been rated as 859:This article has been rated as 754:This article has been rated as 649:This article has been rated as 629:Knowledge:WikiProject Computing 299:This article has been rated as 1887:C-Class level-5 vital articles 1772:http://www.man.poznan.pl/cmst/ 1415:Higher quality article needed. 632:Template:WikiProject Computing 218:It is of interest to multiple 1: 1585:22:12, 16 February 2012 (UTC) 1551:09:02, 30 November 2023 (UTC) 1482:19:15, 21 November 2010 (UTC) 1459:18:37, 21 November 2010 (UTC) 1392:17:48, 10 December 2007 (UTC) 1375:16:31, 10 December 2007 (UTC) 1268:and see a list of open tasks. 1154:Knowledge:WikiProject Systems 1043:and see a list of open tasks. 944:Knowledge:WikiProject Science 938:and see a list of open tasks. 839:Knowledge:WikiProject Physics 833:and see a list of open tasks. 728:and see a list of open tasks. 623:and see a list of open tasks. 533:Tag all relevant articles in 273:and see a list of open tasks. 42:Put new text under old text. 1997:WikiProject Systems articles 1967:C-Class Engineering articles 1932:C-Class mathematics articles 1727:Sorry there, I missed this. 1520:09:23, 9 February 2012 (UTC) 1436:17:59, 6 February 2010 (UTC) 1349:23:54, 16 October 2007 (UTC) 1157:Template:WikiProject Systems 947:Template:WikiProject Science 842:Template:WikiProject Physics 542:WikiProject Computer science 318:WikiProject Computer science 262:WikiProject Computer science 2002:C-Class Technology articles 1858:20:31, 11 August 2017 (UTC) 473:List of computer scientists 50:New to Knowledge? Welcome! 2023: 1917:C-Class Computing articles 1821:(last update: 5 June 2024) 1747:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 1737:21:25, 7 August 2023 (UTC) 1705:21:24, 7 August 2023 (UTC) 1603:21:29, 7 August 2023 (UTC) 1537:21:57, 7 August 2023 (UTC) 1420:pictures/animations etc. 1299:Open Computational Science 1180:project's importance scale 1075:project's importance scale 970:project's importance scale 865:project's importance scale 655:project's importance scale 305:project's importance scale 1722:22:13, 5 March 2012 (UTC) 1691:15:58, 5 March 2012 (UTC) 1679:computational mathematics 1669:15:47, 5 March 2012 (UTC) 1645:computational mathematics 1634:15:24, 5 March 2012 (UTC) 1491:Only mathematical models? 1327:08:56, 23 July 2019 (UTC) 1226: 1195: 1173: 1106: 1068: 1001: 963: 896: 858: 791: 753: 686: 648: 589: 535:Category:Computer science 311: 298: 285:Computer science articles 247: 226: 80:Be welcoming to newcomers 1982:C-Class Systems articles 1957:C-Class science articles 1942:C-Class physics articles 1407:00:42, 1 July 2008 (UTC) 760:project's priority scale 537:and sub-categories with 1743:External links modified 1032:WikiProject Engineering 717:WikiProject Mathematics 1927:All Computing articles 1872:C-Class vital articles 1257:WikiProject Technology 1192: 1129:Systems science portal 617:information technology 498:Computer science stubs 75:avoid personal attacks 1752:Computational science 1338:Computational Science 1191: 604:WikiProject Computing 205:level-5 vital article 100:Neutral point of view 25:Computational science 1802:regular verification 1055:Engineering articles 740:mathematics articles 316:Things you can help 105:No original research 1792:After February 2018 1649:applied mathematics 1442:Definition--Sources 1280:Technology articles 1198:Scientific modeling 1137:WikiProject Systems 927:WikiProject Science 822:WikiProject Physics 1846:InternetArchiveBot 1797:InternetArchiveBot 1340:is winning (e.g., 1193: 1024:Engineering portal 709:Mathematics portal 635:Computing articles 214:content assessment 86:dispute resolution 47: 1822: 1707:ps And Raikonnen! 1523: 1506:comment added by 1426:comment added by 1377: 1365:comment added by 1354:Advertising links 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1249:Technology portal 1208: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 980: 979: 976: 975: 875: 874: 871: 870: 770: 769: 766: 765: 665: 664: 661: 660: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 556: 555: 183: 182: 66:Assume good faith 43: 2014: 1856: 1847: 1820: 1819: 1798: 1675:computer science 1653:computer science 1522: 1500: 1438: 1360: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1228: 1227: 1217: 1210: 1162: 1161: 1160:Systems articles 1158: 1155: 1152: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1115: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1094: 1087: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1010: 1003: 1002: 997: 989: 982: 952: 951: 950:science articles 948: 945: 942: 921: 916: 915: 905: 898: 897: 892: 884: 877: 847: 846: 845:physics articles 843: 840: 837: 816: 811: 810: 800: 793: 792: 787: 779: 772: 742: 741: 738: 735: 732: 711: 706: 705: 695: 688: 687: 682: 674: 667: 637: 636: 633: 630: 627: 598: 591: 590: 585: 577: 570: 546: 540: 415:Computer science 344:Article requests 333: 326: 325: 313: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 276:Computer science 267:Computer science 256: 249: 248: 243: 239:Computer science 235: 228: 211: 202: 201: 194: 193: 185: 179: 178: 164: 95:Article policies 16: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2011: 1862: 1861: 1850: 1845: 1813: 1806:have permission 1796: 1760:this simple FaQ 1745: 1614: 1561: 1501: 1493: 1444: 1421: 1417: 1356: 1334: 1301: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1247: 1240: 1176:High-importance 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146:systems science 1127: 1122: 1120: 1101:High‑importance 1100: 1071:High-importance 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1022: 1015: 996:High‑importance 995: 966:High-importance 949: 946: 943: 940: 939: 917: 910: 891:High‑importance 890: 844: 841: 838: 835: 834: 812: 805: 785: 739: 736: 733: 730: 729: 707: 700: 680: 651:High-importance 634: 631: 628: 625: 624: 584:High‑importance 583: 552: 549: 544: 538: 526:Project-related 521: 502: 483: 457: 438: 419: 400: 381: 357: 301:High-importance 284: 281: 278: 275: 274: 242:High‑importance 241: 212:on Knowledge's 209: 199: 121: 116: 115: 114: 91: 61: 12: 11: 5: 2020: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1864: 1863: 1840: 1839: 1832: 1785: 1784: 1776:Added archive 1774: 1766:Added archive 1744: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1709: 1708: 1693: 1671: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1591: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1443: 1440: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1367:128.243.220.41 1355: 1352: 1333: 1330: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1266:the discussion 1253: 1252: 1236: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1163: 1133: 1132: 1116: 1104: 1103: 1095: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1058: 1041:the discussion 1028: 1027: 1011: 999: 998: 990: 978: 977: 974: 973: 962: 956: 955: 953: 936:the discussion 923: 922: 919:Science portal 906: 894: 893: 885: 873: 872: 869: 868: 861:Mid-importance 857: 851: 850: 848: 831:the discussion 818: 817: 814:Physics portal 801: 789: 788: 786:Mid‑importance 780: 768: 767: 764: 763: 752: 746: 745: 743: 726:the discussion 713: 712: 696: 684: 683: 675: 663: 662: 659: 658: 647: 641: 640: 638: 621:the discussion 599: 587: 586: 578: 566: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 554: 553: 551: 550: 548: 547: 530: 522: 520: 519: 513: 503: 501: 500: 494: 484: 482: 481: 476: 468: 458: 456: 455: 449: 439: 437: 436: 430: 420: 418: 417: 411: 401: 399: 398: 392: 382: 380: 379: 374: 368: 358: 356: 355: 349: 337: 335: 334: 322: 321: 309: 308: 297: 291: 290: 288: 271:the discussion 257: 245: 244: 236: 224: 223: 217: 195: 181: 180: 118: 117: 113: 112: 107: 102: 93: 92: 90: 89: 82: 77: 68: 62: 60: 59: 48: 39: 38: 35: 34: 28: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2019: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1558: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428:75.168.173.97 1425: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1399:128.200.46.67 1395: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1284: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1199: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1130: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1076: 1072: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1000: 994: 991: 988: 984: 971: 967: 961: 958: 957: 954: 937: 933: 929: 928: 920: 914: 909: 907: 904: 900: 899: 895: 889: 886: 883: 879: 866: 862: 856: 853: 852: 849: 832: 828: 824: 823: 815: 809: 804: 802: 799: 795: 794: 790: 784: 781: 778: 774: 761: 757: 751: 748: 747: 744: 727: 723: 719: 718: 710: 704: 699: 697: 694: 690: 689: 685: 679: 676: 673: 669: 656: 652: 646: 643: 642: 639: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 605: 600: 597: 593: 592: 588: 582: 579: 576: 572: 543: 536: 532: 531: 529: 527: 523: 518: 515: 514: 512: 510: 509: 504: 499: 496: 495: 493: 491: 490: 485: 480: 477: 474: 470: 469: 467: 465: 464: 459: 454: 451: 450: 448: 446: 445: 440: 435: 432: 431: 429: 427: 426: 421: 416: 413: 412: 410: 408: 407: 402: 397: 394: 393: 391: 389: 388: 383: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 367: 365: 364: 359: 354: 351: 350: 348: 346: 345: 340: 339: 336: 332: 328: 327: 324: 323: 319: 315: 314: 310: 306: 302: 296: 293: 292: 289: 272: 268: 264: 263: 258: 255: 251: 250: 246: 240: 237: 234: 230: 225: 221: 215: 207: 206: 196: 192: 187: 186: 177: 173: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 123:Find sources: 120: 119: 111: 110:Verifiability 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 96: 87: 83: 81: 78: 76: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 53: 52:Learn to edit 49: 46: 41: 40: 37: 36: 32: 26: 22: 18: 17: 1844: 1841: 1816:source check 1795: 1789: 1786: 1749: 1746: 1710: 1640: 1622: 1615: 1607: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1502:— Preceding 1498: 1494: 1486: 1445: 1418: 1357: 1337: 1335: 1319:Bert Niehaus 1309: 1305: 1302: 1255: 1175: 1135: 1070: 1030: 965: 925: 860: 820: 756:Mid-priority 755: 715: 681:Mid‑priority 650: 602: 525: 524: 508:Unreferenced 506: 505: 487: 486: 461: 460: 442: 441: 423: 422: 404: 403: 385: 384: 361: 360: 342: 341: 300: 260: 220:WikiProjects 203: 171: 165: 157: 150: 144: 138: 132: 122: 94: 19:This is the 1577:Flying Stag 1422:—Preceding 1361:—Preceding 1046:Engineering 1037:engineering 993:Engineering 731:Mathematics 722:mathematics 678:Mathematics 148:free images 31:not a forum 1866:Categories 1853:Report bug 1271:Technology 1262:technology 1221:Technology 1836:this tool 1829:this tool 1714:Raikkonen 1626:Raikkonen 626:Computing 613:computing 609:computers 581:Computing 396:Computing 208:is rated 88:if needed 71:Be polite 21:talk page 1842:Cheers.— 1516:contribs 1504:unsigned 1464:I found 1424:unsigned 1363:unsigned 444:Maintain 387:Copyedit 56:get help 29:This is 27:article. 1756:my edit 1729:Ema--or 1697:Ema--or 1683:Isheden 1661:Isheden 1641:applied 1595:Ema--or 1559:History 1543:Ema--or 1529:Ema--or 1178:on the 1151:Systems 1142:systems 1098:Systems 1073:on the 968:on the 941:Science 932:Science 888:Science 863:on the 836:Physics 827:Physics 783:Physics 758:on the 653:on the 425:Infobox 363:Cleanup 303:on the 210:C-class 154:WP refs 142:scholar 615:, and 406:Expand 216:scale. 126:Google 1474:pgr94 489:Stubs 463:Photo 320:with: 197:This 169:JSTOR 130:books 84:Seek 1733:talk 1718:talk 1701:talk 1687:talk 1677:and 1665:talk 1651:and 1630:talk 1599:talk 1581:talk 1547:talk 1533:talk 1512:talk 1508:Tg1w 1478:talk 1455:talk 1432:talk 1403:talk 1388:talk 1371:talk 1323:talk 1310:Open 1306:Open 1170:High 1144:and 1065:High 960:High 645:High 295:High 162:FENS 136:news 73:and 1810:RfC 1780:to 1770:to 1470:pdf 1451:JJL 1384:JJL 1346:JJL 1344:). 855:Mid 750:Mid 176:TWL 1868:: 1823:. 1818:}} 1814:{{ 1735:) 1720:) 1703:) 1689:) 1667:) 1632:) 1601:) 1583:) 1549:) 1535:) 1518:) 1514:• 1480:) 1457:) 1434:) 1405:) 1390:) 1373:) 1325:) 611:, 545:}} 539:{{ 156:) 54:; 1855:) 1851:( 1838:. 1831:. 1731:( 1716:( 1699:( 1685:( 1663:( 1628:( 1597:( 1579:( 1545:( 1531:( 1510:( 1476:( 1468:( 1453:( 1430:( 1401:( 1386:( 1369:( 1321:( 1200:. 1182:. 1148:. 1077:. 972:. 867:. 762:. 657:. 528:: 511:: 492:: 475:) 466:: 447:: 428:: 409:: 390:: 366:: 347:: 307:. 222:. 172:· 166:· 158:· 151:· 145:· 139:· 133:· 128:( 58:.

Index

talk page
Computational science
not a forum
Click here to start a new topic.
Learn to edit
get help
Assume good faith
Be polite
avoid personal attacks
Be welcoming to newcomers
dispute resolution
Neutral point of view
No original research
Verifiability
Google
books
news
scholar
free images
WP refs
FENS
JSTOR
TWL

level-5 vital article
content assessment
WikiProjects
WikiProject icon
Computer science
WikiProject icon

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.