682:=I have added a section of material to the history section describing the analyses of the chemistry and biology of histones in the 1960s by James F Bonner and collaborators and Allfrey and Mirsky. This addition addresses an imbalance in the treatment of structure of nucleosomes versus the histone molecules themselves and their effects on trancription of RNA in general terms. James Bonner was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Caltech faculty member who had published 10 books and over 200 articles in plant physiology (see WP article). His contributions are an important part of this history. Allfrey and Mirsky suggested regulation by acetylation of histones very early, a phenomenon well established now as shown later in the Histone article. They showed a general effect but could not show a gene-specific regulation due to lack of the techniques now available such as ChIP.
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unsourced paragraphs. I would expect a higher diversity of secondary sources for an article like this, there are many out there. The secondary sources that are being used (e.g. Lehninger 2005) does not cite page numbers, making it difficult to verify the material. The high number of primary sources, and the tendency to use multiple citations of primary soueces (e.g. "H3K56 is acetylated by the p300/Rtt109 complex,") is a problem for an article that should mostly be sourced to textbooks and review articles. All of the unsourced bits would have to be properly cited before we could go any further. I also note that the nominator has not made any edits to this article; I would think some biochemistry background and access to scholarly sources, including/especially textbooks, would be required to undertake this sort of effort. Is the nominator prepared for this?
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vitro but if the histones were extracted, RNA could be transcribed. They went on to develop methods to purify each type of histones, to compare amino acid compositions from peas and calf thymus, and compare sequences to find almost no variation. Before this period, T'so and Bonner had called together a conference, published in
Nucleohistones, a volume of conference papers, in which it was clear that the number of kinds of histone was estimated to be very different by different investigators and that no one know how they would compare when isolated from different organisms. I will add a reference to sequence comparisons to this note in about 10 minutes. <ref: -->
663:) 07:56, 20 September 2018 (UTC)Here are references on history and on sequence comparison: Robert DeLange, Douglas Fambrough, Emil Smith, and James F. Bonner (1969) "Calf and Pea Histone IV: III Complete sequence of pea seedling Histone IV: comparison with calf thymus histone." J Biol Chem 244 (20): 5669-5679. James F. Bonner. (1994)"Chapters from my life" Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 45:1-23. Campos and Reinberg (2009) "Historic perspective on histones" Annu Rev Genetics 43 (Supplement: Histones, Annotating Chromatin).
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Ok, it's been 4 years since I talked about the histone interaxions with DNA and still there's a citation needed tag around highly basic nature contributing to water solubility. This is 2+2 stuff here, folks. If you want a pI plot for histones, I'm sure you can find one in about 5 seconds on google.
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I agree that history of histones is needed and I suggest adding the period when histones were found to be just a few types and highly conserved across taxonomically diverse organisms. James F. Bonner and his collaborators in the 1960s showed isolated chromatin would not support RNA transcription in
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I'm confused. The article's header references chromatin, a DNA based composite within both
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, for the purpose of defining Histones. To the best of my knowledge, Histone proteins only exist in eukaryotes... Isn't that misleading? perhaps a proper notation should be made
253:
Please include the contributions of Marie
Maynard Daly; ca. 1955 she determined that a major component of DNA-binding histones is lysine, while the predominant idea at the time was that the major component was arginine (see Albrecht Kossel). There is an article for her on Knowledge that links out to
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The biggest problem: the sourcing in this article is way off balance. There are sometimes multiple citations for what seem to be relatively simple statements of fact ("Five major families of histones exist: H1/H5, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4."), while in other cases there are unsourced sentences, and many
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By the way, I looked for a possible "mishap" ... by checking to see if that caption had ever contained the spelling "DNA" at some time in the past. Apparently not. I found that: when that caption was introduced -- (along with the picture) -- in a 2-step edit (3 minutes apart) on 24 October 2021
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The names nomenclatures used in the table about classification of histone families and variants are not the most up-to-date versions. This table shows names for both replication-dependent and -independent histones in two different nomenclatures (Ej.: H1F0 independent, HIST1H1A dependent). This
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Under the heading 'classes', near the end of the paragraph, it says "During meiosis, through the combination of nucleosome interactions with other proteins, the chromosome is assembled." I can't make sense of this sentence... and don't think it's as clear as it could be.
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There has been at the least one paper that linked some form of phosphorylation on histones with the condensation of chromatin. I read it in a book for graduates not so long ago - if anyone knows the paper, the article could be extended in this regard.
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Well, thanks for the offer of help Boghog, but given there's been no response from the nominator for more than a week (despite the nominator being quite active on
Knowledge during that time), I don't think this review is going anywhere. Closing now.
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tetramer... Also we're kind of missing the flexibility and disorder of the H1 histone. I know you can't put everything in a picture, but the model of a nucleosome core particle illustrated here could be a bit better.
704:"It is not clear what structural implications histone phosphorylation has, but histone phosphorylation has clear functions as a post-translational modification, and binding domains such as BRCT have been characterised"
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This shouldn't normally happen. We all know that. "Shouldn't normally happen" is a dialectic phrase. We need proof in the lab, we cannot simply imagine that all goes statistically well. We should test it on corn and
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The article does not mention anything about the work of the Nobel Prize Winner Roger D. Kornberg , he was the one to do the crystal structure of histone and propose the method by which DNA is wrapped around it.
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As a consequence, I also believe that the names of all histones variants articles should be renamed to the newest nomenclature, redirecting old names titles. Is this something better to discuss in
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there is some material in the lead that is not present in the article body, for example, the facts about 90 micrometers of chromatin and 120 micrometers of chromosomes.
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The DNA is displayed as having a right-handed superhelical twist around the histone octamer, when the the crystal structure (Luger, et al, Nature 389: 251, 1997,
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the picture in this article should probably be updated. It doesn't match with the text, and is misleading. The H2A-H2B dimers act as endcaps to the (H3-H4)
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Thanks
Esculenta for taking on this GA review and for your comments. I have attempted to provide a better summary of the whole article in the lead in these
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The DNA shown is not biologically inspired. There is neither major nor minor groove, and its scale in proportion to the histone proteins is much too small.
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Huang RCC and Bonner J "Physical and
Biological Properties of soluble nucleohistones." Journal of Molecular Biology 8(1):54-64 (January 1964)<ref: -->
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957:" version of this article -- (the latest version as of the date of this comment) -- there seems to be a TYPO in the caption of the picture in the "
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the homologous recombination during meiotic prophase I not to be random due to the remaining misshape of the DNA (statistics aren't neutral).
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913:. There is still a lot more work to be done. If Firestar464 take the lead in addressing Esculenta concerns, I would be willing to help.
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Is that 100% random or are there biased preferred "junctions" due to chemical differences of the bases or other differentiation.
587:, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
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These major inaccuracies are probably strong enough to warrant its removal from the page. Can we remove this image from the
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I'll take on this review. I think the article is quite a long ways from reaching GA standard. Here are some problems:
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What proportion of the cells histones are not wrapped in DNA at the various stages in the mitosis cell cycle ? -
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I think the article would benefit from adding this information. If nobody disagrees I can update the table.
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nomenclature is difficult to understand for non-expert people and it has been recently standardized by the
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It is, however had, not closely linked to "linker histones", so it should not be grouped into that, IMO:
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Iff they are, does any slight fold remain even at larger orders of magnitude than a few nucleobases.
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This isn't tested yet or we simply missed it, if you find it in the future mention it in the article
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on
Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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the lead is quite short and does not adequately summarize the contents of the article as per
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Last edited at 21:51, 18 February 2007 (UTC). Substituted at 17:58, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
357:) shows that the DNA's superhelical spiral around the nucleosome is instead left-handed.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=Histone&diff=1051576048&oldid=1045209384
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Not mentioning any history about the issue or who discovered the histone proteins
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Is each section of the genome always wound around the same type of histone ?
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case, I rhink the original author of the caption was smarter than the robot.
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if I should have just changed it, instead of asking questions here, first.
841:. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
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Changed rating to "high" as this is high school/SAT biology content. -
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Couldnt see any mention of how many of each type a cell might have.
499:* core histones – H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 * linker histones – H1 and
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That "checking" was not 100% conclusive, but ... it was easy to do.
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this article, but this article on histones does not reference her.
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If you say something give us official data. Anyone can say lies.
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Knowledge level-5 vital articles in
Biology and health sciences
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Early
History of chemistry and biology of histones in the 1960s
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Up-to-date and easier-to-understand
Histone names nomenclature
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I also did some checking to see whether the character string "
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Histone heterooctamer (H3,H4,H2A,H2B) + DNS fragment, Frog
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Knowledge vital articles in Biology and health sciences
1045:"S" and "A" are close neighbors on a QWERTY keyboard.)
1036:" having been intentional (vs. accidental) is remote.
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at the time (March 20, 2021). There are suggestions on
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During meiosis homologous chromosomes exchange parts.
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C-Class vital articles in Biology and health sciences
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC325741/
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949:(minor) TYPO? in the "Classes and variants" section
407:at the opening paragraph, to clarify this. cheers
182:This article has not yet received a rating on the
47:for improving the article. If you can improve it,
730:Are then all histones and methyl groups removed?
341:This image is unsuitable for inclusion into the
1006:While I was typing this, some well-intentioned
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1153:Unknown-importance Molecular Biology articles
577:The comment(s) below were originally left at
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1087:Knowledge talk:WikiProject Molecular Biology
256:https://en.wikipedia.org/Marie_Maynard_Daly
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422:Ionization = water solubility. Q.E.D.
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505:H5? really? kindly provide reference.
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697:Role of phosphorylation of Histones
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976:" there looks (to me) like a TYPO.
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345:page for the following reasons:
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701:The article presently states:
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318:unclear and misleading picture
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299:Hopefully it's better now. --
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224:This article is supported by
200:This article is supported by
156:and see a list of open tasks.
145:WikiProject Molecular Biology
33:Natural sciences good article
1178:High-importance MCB articles
1113:Former good article nominees
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655:) 23:23, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
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1072:and MGNC (in mice) in 2022.
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522:I think H5 is in chicken.
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368:article? --
338:
321:
288:
282:
259:— Preceding
252:
225:
201:
143:
96:WikiProjects
79:
42:
31:
30:
26:
1077:pseudogenes
1012:"suggested"
953:As of the "
905:Firestar464
835:transcluded
475:—Preceding
460:LeadSongDog
424:—Preceding
53:renominated
1107:Categories
1091:AarĂłn Mayo
990:forgive me
788:Authorship
774:GA toolbox
409:Martin fed
933:Esculenta
901:Esculenta
885:Esculenta
850:Esculenta
847:Reviewer:
811:Templates
802:Reviewing
767:GA Review
726:: Meiosis
684:LLMHoopes
665:LLMHoopes
657:LLMHoopes
649:LLMHoopes
509:Sameerbau
465:come howl
84:is rated
49:please do
1024:(right?)
860:contribs
816:Criteria
749:unsigned
615:histones
595:tameeria
477:unsigned
426:unsigned
261:unsigned
120:Genetics
1041:(Also;
988:Please
875:WP:LEAD
621:cause:
519:sameer
453:protein
385:Pgan002
370:chodges
366:Histone
343:Histone
301:chodges
86:C-class
27:Histone
915:Boghog
92:scale.
1043:Note:
1008:robot
911:edits
837:from
560:Rod57
286:Seans
73:This
1095:talk
1070:HGNC
1054:talk
1020:that
937:talk
919:talk
903:and
889:talk
854:talk
757:talk
714:talk
688:talk
669:talk
661:talk
653:talk
617:and
564:talk
541:talk
513:talk
485:talk
434:talk
413:talk
269:talk
1034:DNS
1030:DNS
1004:PS:
980:DNA
974:DNS
178:???
124:MCB
1109::
1097:)
1056:)
982:"
939:)
921:)
891:)
862:)
759:)
716:)
690:)
671:)
566:)
543:)
515:)
501:H5
487:)
458:?
456:}}
450:{{
436:)
415:)
327:--
284:--
271:)
234:).
210:).
122:/
118::
1093:(
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935:(
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899:@
887:(
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852:(
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267:(
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98::
55:.
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