377:
356:
871:, roots of Orpheus, highly probable. The testimonies referring to his death, grave and heroic worship, for example early attestations to the existence of a real, or fictitious, gravestone epigram of Orpheus, point most strongly to his Macedonian links. Orpheus's links to Thrace seem to have been sporadic and not "ethnic": he was only "Thracian" when there was a need for him to be and when that part of his portrayal allowed a
694:
272:
704:
673:
387:
251:
482:
461:
282:
220:
571:
550:
1265:
1214:
1163:
1112:
581:
1408:
I've altered the phrasing to allow for the possibility that Pindar's intended meaning was not that Apollo was indeed
Orpheus's father, and this also seems to be more in line with Gantz, p. 725, who only states that Pindar "appears" to call Orpheus Apollo's son. The main source for the parentage seems
911:
Orpheus's
Thracian origin, already maintained by Strabo and Plutarch, has been adopted again by E. Rohde (Psyche), by E. Mass (Orpheus), and by P. Perdrizet (Cultes et mythes du PangĂ©e). But A. Boulanger has discerningly observed that âthe most characteristic features of Orphismâconsciousness of sin,
1391:
That
Orpheus was a son of Oeagrus by the Muse Calliope is affirmed also by Ap. Rhod., Argon. i.23ff.; Conon 45; Tzetzes, Scholiast on Lycophron 831; the author of Contest 314; Hyginus, Fab. 14; and Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini. ed. G. H. Bode, i. pp. 26, 90 ïŒFirst and Second Vatican
1468:
But
Ammonius, wishing for the story to be consistentâŠjust asâŠthey say that kings are born from Zeus, not because kings are born of Zeus, but because people consider ruling to be from Zeus, in this way he said he was a lyre-player from Apollo; for the god is the leader of the art of
810:
origins (through his father, Oeagrus). Although these traditional accounts have been uncritically accepted by some historians, they have been put into question by others, since it was only in the mid-/late 5th century that
Orpheus acquired Thracian attributes. Additionally, as
1474:
Gantz, p. 725 also notes that, according to
Apollodorus, Oeagrus is the actual father, while Apollo is the "reputed" one. However, on Knowledge (XXG), we just convey what the sources say; it isn't our place to speculate on why they say those things. â
1307:
Orpheus is described as having Apollo and
Calliope as parents, but is not a god. At most, he is described as a demigod, but is mainly presented as mortal. I'm just curious about this, and a bit confused, if anyone can explain, please do.
153:
1465:
ancient authors may have chosen to make Apollo the father of
Orpheus. The scholium mentioned above does state that Ammonius claims that Pindar didn't mean that Apollo was literally Orpheus's father:
532:
839:. This is also the case in early vase paintings, where his appearance is contrasted with that of the Thracian men, whom he enchants with his music. Indeed, the introduction of the worship of the
914:
For more see: Mircea Eliade (2011) History of
Religious Ideas, Volume 2: From Gautama Buddha to the Triumph of Christianity, translated by Willard R. Trask, University of Chicago Press, p. 483,
1589:
522:
1594:
1428:
Whatever Pindar did mean in this case, Oiagros is clearly one early father, and
Asklepiades gives us additional fifth-century authority for Apollo (and Kalliope) as the parents (12F6).
1284:
1233:
1182:
1131:
498:
960:
For more see: Nora Goldschmidt, Barbara Graziosi as ed., (2018) Tombs of the Ancient Poets: Between Literary Reception and Material Culture, Oxford University Press, p. 182,
1584:
815:
notes, "the most characteristic features of Orphismâconsciousness of sin, need of purification and redemption, infernal punishmentsâhave never been found among the Thracians"
494:
489:
466:
930:
Anthi Chrysanthou, Defining Orphism: The Beliefs, the âșteletaeâč and the Writings, (2020) Volume 94 of Trends in Classics - Supplementary Volumes, Walter de Gruyter,
493:, a group of contributors interested in Knowledge (XXG)'s articles on classics. If you would like to join the WikiProject or learn how to contribute, please see our
147:
655:
609:
79:
1559:
1392:
Mythographers). ... That his father was Oeagrus is mentioned also by Plat. Sym.179d, Diod. 4.25.2, and Clement of Alexandria, Protrept. 7, p. 63, ed. Potter.
958:
Androtion, an Attidographer writing in the fourth century BCE, focused precisely on Orpheus's Thracian origin, and the well-known illiteracy of his people...
776:
730:
443:
1433:
I believe these are the only sources for the Apollo parentage, however, and that all (or essentially all) other sources give him as the son of Oeagrus. â
1604:
645:
338:
1614:
1574:
766:
433:
85:
738:
617:
1619:
1579:
1554:
328:
1365:
But having Orpheus "the father of songs" coming "from Apollo the lyre-player" could simply be poetic license, and note that elsewhere (Pindar
409:
1564:
1084:
1275:
1257:
1224:
1206:
1173:
1155:
1122:
1104:
30:
1366:
304:
1599:
734:
613:
1609:
1569:
621:
594:
555:
99:
742:
718:
678:
400:
361:
104:
20:
74:
1549:
44:
295:
256:
231:
964:
934:
918:
875:
to express a meaning important for themselves and for their audiences. In contrast, when presented as the originator of the
65:
1447:
So it is possible that he could've been described as a child of Apollo simply because he was good at playing the lyre?
1385:
1324:
168:
135:
1354:
185:
109:
1416:
And Asklepiades tells of Hymenaios, Ialemos and Orpheus the sons of Apollo and Kalliope in the sixth book of his
199:
237:
1480:
1438:
1012:
876:
864:
844:
828:
820:
190:
129:
55:
1511:
1400:
1338:
863:
and the importance of this gesture as a part of the kingâs cultural policy, makes the hypothesis of the
408:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
303:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
1279:
1228:
1177:
1126:
70:
1528:
1494:
1452:
1313:
912:
need of purification and redemption, infernal punishmentsâhave never been found among the Thraciansâ.
872:
856:
219:
125:
1202:
868:
161:
1016:
1476:
1434:
1293:
1253:
1242:
1191:
1140:
204:
1524:
1490:
1448:
1309:
812:
175:
1081:
1054:
995:
961:
931:
915:
884:
852:
51:
939:
Orpheus's place of origin was Thrace and according to most ancient sources he was the son of
1508:
1397:
1384:
In any case, most (all?) other sources have Orpheus being the son of Oeagrus, see Frazer's [
1335:
1046:
586:
201:
1100:
984:"Muses of Lesbos or (Aeschylean) Muses of Pieria? Orpheus' Head on a Fifth-century Hydria"
709:
392:
376:
355:
1151:
1543:
1289:
1238:
1187:
1136:
287:
141:
983:
880:
1323:
His father is usually said to be the Thracian king Oeagrus (see eg. Apollodorus,
1234:
Knowledge (XXG):Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 August 11 § The father of songs
1360:
And from Apollo the lyre-player came, the father of songs, much-praised Orpheus.
1285:
Knowledge (XXG):Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 August 11 § The father of song
1038:
703:
271:
250:
824:
699:
576:
382:
277:
1132:
Knowledge (XXG):Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 August 11 § Father of songs
1057:
998:
1183:
Knowledge (XXG):Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 August 11 § Father of song
860:
807:
693:
672:
600:
879:, he was not viewed as a foreign Thracian, but rather as a Greek Pierian.
729:-related subjects. Please participate by editing the article, and help us
481:
460:
944:
803:
725:
405:
1264:
1213:
1162:
1111:
1050:
940:
888:
605:
24:
1347:
848:
836:
832:
799:
300:
1331:
604:-related subjects on Knowledge (XXG). Please participate by editing
203:
1282:. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at
1231:. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at
1180:. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at
1129:. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at
840:
1523:
Thank you for taking the time to answer, I really appreciate it.
570:
549:
1409:
to be a scholium on this passage, citing Asclepiades; from the
1532:
1514:
1498:
1484:
1456:
1442:
1403:
1341:
1317:
1297:
1246:
1195:
1144:
213:
205:
15:
1489:
Thank you, now I can have at least a bit of clarity on this.
497:. If you need assistance from a classicist, please see our
1334:). I know of no source which says his father was Apollo.
1270:
1219:
1168:
1117:
160:
723:, a project to improve Knowledge (XXG)'s articles on
507:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome
1278:
to determine whether its use and function meets the
1227:
to determine whether its use and function meets the
1176:
to determine whether its use and function meets the
1125:
to determine whether its use and function meets the
404:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
299:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
174:
1590:Mid-importance Classical Greece and Rome articles
33:for general discussion of the article's subject.
1595:All WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome pages
598:. This project provides a central approach to
510:Template:WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome
1078:Orpheus in Macedonia: Myth, Cult and Ideology
1039:"The "Double Orpheus": between Myth and Cult"
8:
835:(ca. 460 BCE) Orpheus was represented as a
1585:B-Class Classical Greece and Rome articles
667:
544:
455:
350:
245:
1043:Mythos. Rivista di Storia delle Religioni
898:
669:
546:
457:
352:
247:
217:
1080:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 93, 137.
630:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Mythology
490:WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome
7:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1032:
1030:
977:
975:
973:
906:
904:
902:
798:Some ancient Greek authors, such as
751:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Religion
715:This article is within the scope of
487:This article is within the scope of
418:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Bulgaria
398:This article is within the scope of
293:This article is within the scope of
1560:WikiProject Greece general articles
988:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
236:It is of interest to the following
23:for discussing improvements to the
513:Classical Greece and Rome articles
313:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Greece
14:
1605:Mid-importance Mythology articles
50:New to Knowledge (XXG)? Welcome!
1615:Top-importance Religion articles
1575:Mid-importance Bulgaria articles
1379:Orpheus of the golden lyre . . .
1263:
1212:
1161:
1110:
794:The question of Orpheus's origin
702:
692:
671:
579:
569:
548:
480:
459:
385:
375:
354:
280:
270:
249:
218:
45:Click here to start a new topic.
1425:Of this, Gantz, p. 725 states:
1288:until a consensus is reached.
1237:until a consensus is reached.
1186:until a consensus is reached.
1135:until a consensus is reached.
819:It has also been observed that
771:This article has been rated as
650:This article has been rated as
527:This article has been rated as
438:This article has been rated as
333:This article has been rated as
633:Template:WikiProject Mythology
1:
1620:WikiProject Religion articles
1580:WikiProject Bulgaria articles
1555:Mid-importance Greek articles
1461:I can't really comment as to
1017:"«Musica e storia», II, 1994"
982:Watson, Sarah Burges (2013).
806:, write of Orpheus as having
754:Template:WikiProject Religion
592:This article is supported by
421:Template:WikiProject Bulgaria
412:and see a list of open tasks.
307:and see a list of open tasks.
42:Put new text under old text.
1565:All WikiProject Greece pages
1533:21:12, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
1515:22:12, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
1499:15:47, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
1485:22:13, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
1457:21:12, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
1443:20:36, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
1404:15:28, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
1376:and the son of Oeagrus . . .
1342:18:00, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
1318:17:25, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
889:17:39, 24 January 2023 (UTC)
847:, the genealogies featuring
1298:00:03, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
1247:00:02, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
1196:00:02, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
1145:00:02, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
316:Template:WikiProject Greece
1636:
1600:B-Class Mythology articles
1021:Fondazione Ugo e Olga Levi
777:project's importance scale
656:project's importance scale
533:project's importance scale
444:project's importance scale
339:project's importance scale
1610:B-Class Religion articles
1570:B-Class Bulgaria articles
1507:Thanks for this Michael.
1023:(in Italian). p. 273-274.
770:
687:
649:
564:
526:
504:Classical Greece and Rome
475:
467:Classical Greece and Rome
437:
370:
332:
265:
244:
80:Be welcoming to newcomers
1276:redirects for discussion
1258:Redirects for discussion
1225:redirects for discussion
1207:Redirects for discussion
1174:redirects for discussion
1156:Redirects for discussion
1123:redirects for discussion
1105:Redirects for discussion
741:standards, or visit the
620:standards, or visit the
1076:Mojsik, Tomasz (2022).
1037:Mojsik, Tomasz (2020).
877:Greek musical tradition
1550:B-Class Greek articles
1388:to Apollodorus 1.3.2:
1303:Why is Orpheus mortal?
793:
226:This article is rated
75:avoid personal attacks
595:WikiProject Mythology
230:on Knowledge (XXG)'s
100:Neutral point of view
1013:Lissarague, François
859:, Orpheus's tomb in
719:WikiProject Religion
401:WikiProject Bulgaria
105:No original research
1373:) Pindar also has:
1280:redirect guidelines
1274:has been listed at
1229:redirect guidelines
1223:has been listed at
1220:The father of songs
1203:The father of songs
1178:redirect guidelines
1172:has been listed at
1127:redirect guidelines
1121:has been listed at
1051:10.4000/mythos.1674
1271:The father of song
1254:The father of song
731:assess and improve
636:Mythology articles
610:assess and improve
296:WikiProject Greece
232:content assessment
86:dispute resolution
47:
1346:Looking further,
1086:978-1-350-21319-7
823:tells us that on
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
757:Religion articles
745:for more details.
666:
665:
662:
661:
624:for more details.
543:
542:
539:
538:
454:
453:
450:
449:
424:Bulgaria articles
349:
348:
345:
344:
212:
211:
66:Assume good faith
43:
1627:
1469:kithara-playing.
1273:
1267:
1222:
1216:
1171:
1165:
1120:
1114:
1091:
1090:
1073:
1062:
1061:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1009:
1003:
1002:
979:
968:
955:
949:
928:
922:
908:
843:in the times of
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
743:wikiproject page
712:
707:
706:
696:
689:
688:
683:
675:
668:
638:
637:
634:
631:
628:
622:WikiProject page
589:
587:Mythology portal
584:
583:
582:
573:
566:
565:
560:
552:
545:
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
484:
477:
476:
471:
463:
456:
426:
425:
422:
419:
416:
395:
390:
389:
388:
379:
372:
371:
366:
358:
351:
321:
320:
317:
314:
311:
290:
285:
284:
283:
274:
267:
266:
261:
253:
246:
229:
223:
222:
214:
206:
179:
178:
164:
95:Article policies
16:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1540:
1539:
1413:s translation:
1367:fr. 128c Race (
1305:
1269:
1261:
1218:
1210:
1167:
1159:
1118:Father of songs
1116:
1108:
1101:Father of songs
1096:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1011:
1010:
1006:
981:
980:
971:
956:
952:
929:
925:
909:
900:
827:' mural in the
813:André Boulanger
796:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
710:Religion portal
708:
701:
681:
635:
632:
629:
626:
625:
585:
580:
578:
558:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
469:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:
393:Bulgaria portal
391:
386:
384:
364:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
286:
281:
279:
259:
227:
208:
207:
202:
121:
116:
115:
114:
91:
61:
12:
11:
5:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1304:
1301:
1260:
1250:
1209:
1199:
1169:Father of song
1158:
1152:Father of song
1148:
1107:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1063:
1026:
1004:
994:(3): 441â460.
969:
950:
923:
897:
896:
892:
829:Cnidian Lesche
795:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
773:Top-importance
769:
763:
762:
760:
714:
713:
697:
685:
684:
682:Topâimportance
676:
664:
663:
660:
659:
652:Mid-importance
648:
642:
641:
639:
608:, and help us
591:
590:
574:
562:
561:
559:Midâimportance
553:
541:
540:
537:
536:
529:Mid-importance
525:
519:
518:
516:
485:
473:
472:
470:Midâimportance
464:
452:
451:
448:
447:
440:Mid-importance
436:
430:
429:
427:
410:the discussion
397:
396:
380:
368:
367:
365:Midâimportance
359:
347:
346:
343:
342:
335:Mid-importance
331:
325:
324:
322:
319:Greek articles
305:the discussion
292:
291:
275:
263:
262:
260:Midâimportance
254:
242:
241:
235:
224:
210:
209:
200:
198:
197:
194:
193:
181:
180:
118:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
93:
92:
90:
89:
82:
77:
68:
62:
60:
59:
48:
39:
38:
35:
34:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1632:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Michael Aurel
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:Michael Aurel
1432:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:Tragoidoumena
1415:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:The redirect
1266:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:The redirect
1215:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:The redirect
1164:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:The redirect
1113:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
976:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
954:
951:
948:
946:
942:
936:
933:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
907:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
778:
774:
768:
765:
764:
761:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
721:
720:
711:
705:
700:
698:
695:
691:
690:
686:
680:
677:
674:
670:
657:
653:
647:
644:
643:
640:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
596:
588:
577:
575:
572:
568:
567:
563:
557:
554:
551:
547:
534:
530:
524:
521:
520:
517:
500:
496:
492:
491:
486:
483:
479:
478:
474:
468:
465:
462:
458:
445:
441:
435:
432:
431:
428:
411:
407:
403:
402:
394:
383:
381:
378:
374:
373:
369:
363:
360:
357:
353:
340:
336:
330:
327:
326:
323:
306:
302:
298:
297:
289:
288:Greece portal
278:
276:
273:
269:
268:
264:
258:
255:
252:
248:
243:
239:
233:
225:
221:
216:
215:
196:
195:
192:
189:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:Find sources:
120:
119:
111:
110:Verifiability
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
96:
87:
83:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:Learn to edit
49:
46:
41:
40:
37:
36:
32:
26:
22:
18:
17:
1462:
1417:
1410:
1386:1.3.2 note 2
1368:
1351:
1328:
1306:
1283:
1262:
1256:" listed at
1232:
1211:
1205:" listed at
1181:
1160:
1154:" listed at
1130:
1109:
1103:" listed at
1077:
1042:
1020:
1007:
991:
987:
957:
953:
938:
926:
910:
893:
816:
797:
772:
733:articles to
724:
717:
716:
651:
612:articles to
599:
593:
528:
495:project page
488:
439:
399:
334:
294:
238:WikiProjects
184:
171:
165:
157:
150:
144:
138:
132:
122:
94:
19:This is the
1509:Paul August
1398:Paul August
1357:does says:
1336:Paul August
1327:; Hyginus,
1290:- car chasm
1239:- car chasm
1188:- car chasm
1137:- car chasm
606:the article
148:free images
31:not a forum
1544:Categories
965:0192561030
935:3110678454
919:022602735X
894:References
869:Macedonian
825:Polygnotus
1355:4.176â177
1058:1972-2516
999:2159-3159
943:and muse
867:, and so
861:Leibethra
845:Archelaos
821:Pausanias
627:Mythology
601:Mythology
556:Mythology
499:talk page
88:if needed
71:Be polite
21:talk page
1371:3) 11â12
1015:(1993).
945:Kalliope
808:Thracian
804:Plutarch
748:Religion
726:Religion
679:Religion
415:Bulgaria
406:Bulgaria
362:Bulgaria
186:Archives
56:get help
29:This is
27:article.
1369:Threnos
1352:Pythian
1329:Fabulae
941:Oeagrus
881:Jingiby
865:Pierian
857:Methone
775:on the
654:on the
531:on the
442:on the
337:on the
228:B-class
154:WPÂ refs
142:scholar
25:Orpheus
1348:Pindar
1045:(14).
853:Pierus
849:Apollo
833:Delphi
800:Strabo
310:Greece
301:Greece
257:Greece
234:scale.
126:Google
1525:Fysri
1491:Fysri
1449:Fysri
1325:1.3.2
1310:Fysri
841:Muses
837:Greek
169:JSTOR
130:books
84:Seek
1529:talk
1495:talk
1481:talk
1453:talk
1439:talk
1411:BNJ'
1314:talk
1294:talk
1243:talk
1192:talk
1141:talk
1082:ISBN
1055:ISSN
996:ISSN
962:ISBN
932:ISBN
916:ISBN
885:talk
873:poet
855:and
802:and
737:and
735:good
616:and
614:good
162:FENS
136:news
73:and
1463:why
1047:doi
831:at
767:Top
739:1.0
646:Mid
618:1.0
523:Mid
434:Mid
329:Mid
176:TWL
1546::
1531:)
1497:)
1483:)
1455:)
1441:)
1350:,
1332:14
1316:)
1296:)
1245:)
1194:)
1143:)
1066:^
1053:.
1041:.
1029:^
1019:.
992:53
990:.
986:.
972:^
937::
901:^
887:)
851:,
156:)
54:;
1527:(
1512:â
1493:(
1479:(
1451:(
1437:(
1420:.
1401:â
1339:â
1312:(
1292:(
1252:"
1241:(
1201:"
1190:(
1150:"
1139:(
1099:"
1089:.
1060:.
1049::
1001:.
967:.
947:.
921:.
883:(
817:.
779:.
658:.
535:.
501:.
446:.
341:.
240::
191:1
188::
172:·
166:·
158:·
151:·
145:·
139:·
133:·
128:(
58:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
