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lowering effect was through enhancing the insulin releasing effects of the beta-cells in the pancreas. This mechanism of action (MOA) would classify silk protein hydrolysate as an insulin secretagogue, which is one of the three categories used to describe oral antidiabetic agents; the other two being, insulin sensitizers, or alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Silk fibroin has also been shown to increase insulin transport into adipocytes (fat cells)
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lowering, effect. Feeding diabetic mice hydrolyzed silk protein for 4 weeks resulted in significantly lowering of elevated blood glucose by 15% and 25% with 100 and 200 mg/kg bw/d doses, respectively. Interestingly, the mechanism by which the hydrolyzed silk protein produced its blood glucose
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So, this article needs a great deal of attention. I strongly, strongly suspect it was written by companies which distribute SAA's as a nutritional supplement - particularly with regard to the alleged health benefits. A molecular entomologist would be more focused on the polymerization chemistry,
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Totally agree. I would bet the originator of this article is affliated with a company that either markets of distributes silk amino acids as a sports nutrition product. I'm removing all of the "ergogenic" rat/mice marketing material and pasting it below for futher discussion.
714:(LDL) cholesterol and atherogenic scores of 11%, 27% and 26%, respectively, when given 200 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight per day (abbreviated 200 mg/kg bw/d), but not with the lower dose of 100 mg/kg bw/d. No significant effect on lowering triglycerides was found.
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Kwon EH, Jung MA, Rhee SJ et al. Antioxidant effects and improvement of lipid metabolism of mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder with different mixing ratios in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr
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biosynthesis, and physical properties of the compound and not strange journal articles touting supposed ergogenic effects. I'd like to read each and every one of those articles then come back and edit this thing heavily!
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Zhaorigetu S, Yanaka N, Sasaki M et al. Silk protein, sericin, suppresses DMBA-TPA-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and endogenous tumor promoter TNF-alpha. Oncol Rep
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In contrast, the addition of silkworm powder (200 mg/kg bw/day and 400 mg/kg bw/day) for 6 weeks in rats significantly lowered triglyceride levels 10% and 25%, respectively, yet had no effect on total cholesterol, LDL or
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Hwang E, Kang B, Kim B, Lee HJ. Protein quality evaluation and effect of plasma contents of acid hydrolysates of cocoon in rats fed high cholesterol, high triglyceride and high sucrose diet. J Korea Soc Food Sci Nutr
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775:(CAT) activities were increased 10% and 40% in rats fed 200 mg/kg bw/d, respectively, while increasing 25% and 50% when an even larger dose was given (400 mg/kg bw/d). The larger dose also increased
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Other effects of silk amino acids (SAAs) or silk protein hydrolysates include regulating the immune system, lowering muscle and liver damage, as well as having anti-tumor, and anti-viral effects.
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In terms of absolute improvement in exercise performance, SAAs produced improvements that were six times greater than that seen with just exercise (18 minute increase compared to 3 minute increase)
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Gotoh K, Izumi H, Kanamoto T et al. Sulfate fibroin, a novel sulfated peptide derived from silk, inhibits immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro. Biosci
Biotechnol Biochem 2000;64:1664–70.
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Lastly, silkworm powder has also been shown to have a synergistic effect in enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity in diabetic rats when combined with equal amounts of mulberry fruit and leaves.
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Silkworm powder has been shown to have a significant effect on reducing oxidation (eg, ~10% reduction in lipid peroxides and oxidized proteins) as well as increasing the activity of endogenous
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Park KJ, Hong SE, Do MS, Hyun CK. Stimulation of insulin secretion by silk fibroin hydrolysate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat and db/db mice. Korea J Pharmacogn 2002;33:21–8.
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Lee Y, Park M, Choi J et al. Effect of silk protein hydrolysates on blood glucose level, serum insulin and leptin secretion on OLEFT rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2007;36:703–7.
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One potential explanation why similar studies have found different results may be the form of the silk provided, whether it be a silk powder or a silk protein hydrolysate.
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Shin M, Park M, Youn M et al. Effects of silk protein hydrolysates on blood glucose and serum lipid in db/db diabetic mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2006;35:1343-8.
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The blood glucose lowering effect was also seen in type 2 diabetics when given silk protein hydrolysate, in addition to seeing enhanced insulin releasing activity.
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Choi JH, Kim DI, Park SH et al. Effects of silkworm powder on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in serum of rats. Korean J Seric Sci 1999;41:141–6.
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Choi JH, Kim DI, Park SH et al. Effects of silkworm powder on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in serum of rats. Korean J Seric Sci 1999;41:141–6.
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Jung EY, Lee HS, Lee HJ et al. Feeding silk protein hydrolysates to C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice improves blood glucose and lipid profiles. Nutr Res 2010;30:783–90.
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Jung EY, Lee HS, Lee HJ et al. Feeding silk protein hydrolysates to C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice improves blood glucose and lipid profiles. Nutr Res 2010;30:783–90.
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Cho MR, Choue R, Chung SH, Ryu JW. Effects of silkworm powder on blood glucose and lipid levels in NIDDM (type 2) patients. Korean J Nutr 1998;31:1139–50.
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Kato N, Sato S, Yamanaka A et al. Silk protein, sericin, inhibits lipid peroxidation and tyrosinase activity. Biosci
Biotechnol Biochem 1998;62:145–7.
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Hyun CK, Kim IY, Frost SC. Soluble fibroin enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr 2004;134:3257-63.
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A recent animal study, found that when exercising mice were given three different doses of silk amino acids for 44 days, the mice experienced:
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Shin S, Yeon S, Park D et al. Silk amino acids improve physical stamina and male reproductive function in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:273–8.
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Ryu JM, Kim TM, Seo IK et al. Effect of repeated administration of silk peptide on the immune system of rats. Lab Anim Res 2008;24:361–9.
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Others have also found similar anti-diabetic effects with the addition of silk protein hydrolysates to diabetic mice or rats.
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related articles on
Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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Kim TM, Ryu JM, Seo IK et al. Four-week repeated-dose toxicity of silk amino acids in rats. Lab Anim Res 2008;24:565–73.
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on
Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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