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one direction until they were out of sight. Then the sequence repeated, quite spectacularly. Arcs whirled around conductors from an updraft and a cross wind. The line-protection circuit breaker was set incorrectly; the "reach" of directional-distance-relays was/were set too short. The zone of protection ended short of where arcs were occurring. Arcs motored into the zone of protection and tripped the line off. An automatic recloser re-energized the line periodically, for my viewing pleasure. Written somewhere: power-line arcs motor toward the source. I'm guessing this is driven by the
Lorentz and/or Maxwell force(s) mentioned above. Direction of flow might be ambiguous in a power-grid setting. In this case the arc probably motored toward the lowest impedance source. ````
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is a how-to. The reality is that among groups that do less practical stuff with electricity Jacob's Ladder is known for being the pretty effect that involves voltages that can get you killed . The fact is has killed someone (and I have a reliable source to that effect) is both significant enough and
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I searched for UJT's being used as protection devices before I removed the content and did not find any references. In the 60s and 70s, UJTs were used to trigger SCRs, so they may have been used in combination for crowbar protection, but the primary protection would be supplied by the SCR and not a
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I'm also new to this. Long ago I saw some TV news footage of the
Oakland/Berkeley hillside fires. I wish I could find it again. Rising flames touched off discharge between phases of some high tension power lines. Improper protection settings allowed arcs to sustain. Arcs "motored" along the line in
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Initial spark breakdown of air at sea level is about 30 kv/cm. However, once you've formed an arc by either breaking down the air or by briefly touching the electrodes together, the voltage across the burning arc is considerably less than this. For example, a welding arc may only have 30-40 volts
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Given the historical devices mentioned is it fair to dismiss inclusion of UJTs as "unusual"? Agree UJTs are today, but so to are the historical devices here. "special apps" suggest inclusion of unusual devices. Could verification of production figures be of any use in settling this?
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If one's only knowledge of electrical matters was to be gleaned from
Knowledge (XXG) articles, then one is in so much trouble already that the extra warnings are not going to help. Please, sir, what Wikitaskforce is carefully adding safety warnings in every article from
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I disagree. If the above were true, then, if the diverging pair of wires was inverted so that the narrowest portion was at the top, then the arc should travel downwards from the top. This is not observed (at least for low current high voltage arcs).
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Low current (typically 10's or 100's of milliamperes) Jacob's
Ladders do not generate appreciable amounts of UV light. However, higher current atmospheric pressure arcs (which generate plasma that's a bright blue-white color) can be a problem.
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Peek says: "By spark-over is generally meant the disruption of a gaseous dielectric from one conductor to another conductor. Strictly speaking it is the name applied to the initial discharge and not the arc that follows." -
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forces do become significant for high current (kA or MA) arcs seen in railguns, HV circuit breakers, and high current spark gaps, for low current traveling arcs the upward movement is almost entirely due to rising hot air.
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Jimbo won't even send flowers to your grieving spouse. It's not the place of
Knowledge (XXG) to advise the impulsive of the dangers of applying the hard-won knowledge they've just read. I'm pretty sure the article on
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Thanks for the clarification. I'm sure you could tell that this is my first time getting into a disagreement on Wiki, and I was frustrated because I didn't know how to contact the person disagreeing with me. -David
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we have always been told not to look at the arc at the point of contact because it is producing a broad spectrum of wavelengths, including damaging UV radiation, which can permanently damage the retina.
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Knowledge (XXG) does in fact include safety information. See the hazcodes in every chemical article. More relevantly it does care if you die screaming if there is a reliable source for it. See
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Suggest since this article covers a wide variety of devices and applications that it be summarized with links to new wiki pages for important applications, e.g. TSG (Power-switching devices).
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623:, I'd say "no difference". A corona discharge is clearly different, being a diffuse (dispersed) discharge rather than a single (or few) heavily ionized conduction channels.
641:. There's a few related articles, and a bunch of redirects/disambigs. Probably some should be merged/re-redirected. "Spark" can refer to pretty much all of them. -
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was first introduced by
Chetvorno in March 2010. The article continued happily with that spelling for some years, until an IP edit in March last year to change it.
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acting upon the arc are directly proportional to arc current. In the case of the travelling arc, the typical arc current is usually less than an ampere. Although
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Its a spark gap with ioinsed gas surrounding the elctrodes to make it fire more predicatably/at a lower voltage. The ceramic is just the casing.--
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article mentions it can burn sand because among chemists that's what its best known for even if its very much secondary to its main applications.
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I've just been doing some experiments with my Neon sign transformer (15kv, 30mA) and the arcs form at the 1.2-1.5cm range, drawing out to 4-5cm
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Does this same safety rule apply to the arc produced by the Jacob's ladder? Is it unsafe to view the arcing for long periods of time?
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Device type numbers and power ratings would be interesting. The only unijunctions I've ever used have been small-signal types.
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implies that the reader's perceptions are wrong. I've rephrased to what I hope is an acceptable compromise, "cyan or blue." --
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on
Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit the article attached to this page, or visit the
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across it. A high current, high voltage arc (such as a power line fault) may have a potential of 1,000 - 2,000 volts/meter.
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THe new image is really great. But is it possible to make it a bit bigger so we can really see whats happening: -->
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Actually, the
Maxwell force is not negligable, which can be shown by having a horizontal Jacob's ladder, such as
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Suggest these (TSG) deserve a separate article due to their very specific usage and interest re nuclear devices.
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says there are 4 types of electrical breakdown of air, Glow
Discharges, Corona, Sparks, and Arcs. -
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Ok. Here is a good description of the differences between corona, spark, and brush discharge:
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Please help fix the broken anchors. You can remove this template after fixing the problems. |
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Excerpts from Dielectric Phenomena in High Voltage Engineering, F.W. Peek, McGraw-Hill, 1929
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Gas Tubes are ceramic arresters utilizing a spark gap, but often called a spark gap. Why?
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hazards which produce oxygen and nitrogen ions that reform into reactive compounds.)
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I hoped to find here the circuit symbol for a spark gap. Is there a standard one?
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Just put your comments on the talk page. Editors will probably see them there!--
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This article should be American English. The article was started by American
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Why was Jacobs Ladder performed? Whats the specific purpose of the study?
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what causes the arc to rise. The arc rises because of what is known from
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notable enough to be mentioned in the article. Same way that the
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in the banner shell. Please resolve this conflict if possible.
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doesn't even warn you to wash your hands first. --
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