Talk:Zhang Xueliang

2262:

history of interaction with China, because up to a certain point, books don't use Hanyu Pinyin derived terms. In Taiwan, the default romanization for personal names into English is via Wade Giles, but at an RoC citizen can use any name they want including using a Taiwanese POJ name or nonstandard spelling because Taiwan is a free country. The drive to wipe out the memory of anything that is not Mandarin and Hanyu Pinyin is very intense in many contexts. I believe that all persons known in media by a Wade-Giles names should have that name be visually displayed on their relevant pages for readers to see, thereby informing them of something they may see if they do research. Putting Wade Giles in that crazy Chinese box is not enough. As for this case, if the person had a passport, we ought to adhere to the passport name, especially if the person acknowledged a certain English spelling consisently over the majority of the course of their life and media sources used that name. You can't go back and whitewash history...or can you? I guess we will see. I am fighting a protracted struggle for the ability of

2144:. As mentioned before, he lived in Taiwan which would use WG. Furthermore, even if including his time in the Mainland, it was during an era of WG romanization. In addition, he also immigrated to the United States, which means that his Chinese name would have to be romanized into what it legally needed to be in America, and his legal name was not Zhang Xueliang as he is legally, and of a personal preference, called Chang Hsueh Liang or H. L. Chang. The way Chang Hsueh-liang spelled his own name is of utmost importance. Although he may be a "historical" figure, we have to recognize that he lived into the 21st century and so it should not be necessarily argued from the position that historical figures must use pinyin. Lastly, information on his grave is available online. If one searches up his grave, you can see that he and his family spelled it Chang Hsueh Liang.-- 1671:- According to the China article Manual of Style, "English Knowledge uses Hanyu Pinyin without tone marks as the default Romanisation method for Chinese characters, except where an alternate form of a word is used by modern reliable secondary sources." In other words, we always use Pinyin unless most recent secondary sources favor a different romanization system. When it comes to specialist works of history, almost all recent ones use Pinyin. The most recent biographies are "The making of China's war with Japan : Zhou Enlai and Zhang Xueliang" and "Zhang Xueliang, the general who never fought". Just look at this Google Ngram for proof that Zhang Xueliang is now preferred. 1542:

rendered in Wade-Giles. However, Wade-Giles continues to be the standard used by the Republic of China, which moved to Taiwan after the Chinese civil war. The person described by this article was born in 1901 and moved to Taiwan during the Chinese civil war. As such, Wade-Giles would be the spelling used on all of his official documents, as well as the one used in all documents in the first ~50 years of his life. Furthermore, after he emigrated to the US in 1990s, he went by Peter H. C. Chang, which clearly indicates his usage of WG. For these reasons, I argue that we should use WG instead of Pinyin, even though some English sources have used Pinyin.

2469:"He was a citizen of the ROC/never a citizen of the PRC": There's no hard rule that Knowledge can't use pinyin to romanize ROC names, or that pinyin can only be used for PRC names. We only treat WG as the default romanization of ROC names in the absence of evidence for a different WP:COMMONNAME. For example, many Taiwanese celebrities are better known in English by an English first name and WG last name, and are referred to as such on Knowledge. Because there is strong evidence that Zhang Xueliang is the WP:COMMONNAME, his national... affiliation(?) is irrelevant. 2715:(2012), exactly shows the problems switching name to pinyin on a person with a lot of English exposure. In page xi, "I am particularly grateful to Mr. Robert L. Chang (Zhang Lulin), Zhang Xuelin's son,....", it is obviously his son is Mr. Chang, never Mr. Zhang. This confuses English reader. In page 159, "...the life of Peter and Edith Chang (Zhang Xueliang and Zhao Yidi)... ", again, they are Mr. and Mrs. Chang, never Mr. and Mrs. Zhang. Discrepancy between real-life name and fictitious pinyin name introduces inconsistency and causes unnecessary confusion. 371: 3306:: How are we defining the parameters of common name? He died in 2001, almost 23 years ago. At the time, most obituaries used the Wade-Giles form while two used Pinyin. IMO "Older sources" doesn't mean the same, IMO, when we are dealing with a 23 year old ago death versus say somebody who died in the 1940s, but some clarification may be good. Another factor is political, that the man knew about the Pinyin/Wade-Giles divide (CCP/KMT) and clearly rejected the CCP. This differs from say a person who died before the CCP/KMT fissure. 2911:: The discussion in 2020 explained why ZHNAME does not apply in this case. "Wade–Giles is extremely problematic" is an expression of personal taste. If pinyin has indeed become the most common name in English language I would support, but I'm not sure. COMMONNAME does not state that "common" should be based on a survey of most recent publications. If older publications are still commonly read and referenced they should be taken into account. I do find it confusing and distracting when Zhang's relatives are named Chang. 1008:

idea of pronunciation to the student who has learned its rules, but these are elaborate and counterintuitive. For major historical figures, in historical books and articles, is it not best to use the spellings in use at that time? All the books I have seen use the spelling Chang Hsueh-liang and none use Zhang Xueliang. All the writings - memoirs and autobiographies and journalism and government documents - of people of that time use Wade-Giles. It seems bizarre to use a spelling not even devised at that time. Alrees

1289:) -- their preferred spelling is used, and this is almost always WG. Furthermore, Pinyin is not applied retroactively, as indicated in the very page linked above ("English Knowledge uses pinyin as the default Romanisation method for Chinese characters, except where a non-pinyin form of a word is used by modern reliable secondary sources. An example of this exception is Yangtze River.") If you believe you're correct, then why haven't you changed Chiang Kai-shek to Jiang Zhongzheng? 476: 361: 340: 870: 759: 823: 466: 445: 2706:

in his lifetime without mentioning "Chang". Unless a piece of English writing citing only Chinese sources, it is totally up to writer's desire. It is worth noted that Chang Huseh-liang lived in the United States for the rest of his life, and was buried under the soil of the United States. Every English record of his in the United State is "Chang", not "Zhang". His grave was engraved with "GENERAL CHANG HSUEH LIANG".

791: 246: 222: 743: 191: 628: 3429:. These obituaries used Wade-Giles for all historical Chinese figures, even "Mao Tse-tung" and "Chou En-lai". The only people whose names they rendered in pinyin were politicians who had become famous after the popularization of pinyin, such as Jiang Zemin. Since Zhang had risen to fame in the west in the 1920s and 1930s, using WG for his name was just standard editorial practice. 1476:

no ground for retroactively applying Mainland standard on him. Just because Mainland China has more influence today at the international level does not mean we should accept their politically motivated agenda of applying pinyin to everything. This is like forcing a British guy whose surname is "Grey" to change the name to "Gray" just because Americans use the latter spelling.

700: 689: 678: 775: 308: 586: 550: 2854: 2858: 2136:: Arguments have been made that Pinyin is the modern standard whether in public life or Knowledge, however, this ignores several points. If arguing for the modern standard on Chinese names, this focuses on Mainland Chinese names. Chang Hsueh Liang lived in Taiwan for most of his life which utilized WG romanization, and according to 667: 656: 256: 2303:. Chang Hsueh-liang is his name in English, not Zhang Xueliang. Those claims WG in not used after 1980s is absolutely wrong. Chang Hsueh-liang lived in the USA in his last years. Every name in his records refers to 'Chang Hsueh-liang'. It dose not make sense to rename a person to the name he never use. — 3346:

My point has to do with the chronology of the shift from Wade-Giles to Pinyin. Zhou Enlai died in 1976, before the mass adoption of Pinyin in Western sources; even though Pinyin became official in China in the 1950s, the West did not adopt Pinyin until several decades later. The shift from Wade-Giles

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If he was somebody loyal to the CCP and stayed on the Mainland, all of his obituaries would have used Pinyin and there would be no question that Pinyin should be used for him. But knowing the political details of this case, I am not sure. Even while knowing many sources since 2001 (which, to be fair,

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is the common name. Some books using pinyin do not outweigh century load of English document. The earliest I could find online is of year 1928. The list of books citing exact word "Chang Hsueh-liang" on Google Book seems never end. It is very hard to imagine any serious studies citing English sources

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Chiang was very similar to Mao. Chiang crippled the KMT from the inside in a paranoid effort to maintain power after the Xi'an Incident (that is, too early), but Mao waited until he firmly controlled China (the mid-1950s) before crippling the CCP from the inside in paranoid efforts to maintain power.

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Neither system gives the casual English-speaking reader an accurate idea of the Chinese pronunciation. But Wade-Giles is widely said to be the better in that respect. Pinyin has become the standard for many purposes because it has the endorsement of the Chinese government. It may give a more accurate

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given the diversity of sources seems sufficient to discount political bias. Just to clarify, I wasn't saying that all sources throughout history should be weighed equally. I was just saying that some older publications might still be relevant today so simply listing the newest publications might not

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If this were a person who lived and died in Mainland China for the most of his life, I'd be fine with using modern PRC convention. However the person was an ROC national who moved with the ROC government to Taiwan after the Chinese civil war. All of his official documents would be in WG and there is

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Out of the 16 books you cited, only 5 were actually published after 2020. Half of them were published before the year 2000. And critically, none of the books you cited were making an exception for Zhang's name. You just listed examples of books that use Wade-Giles throughout, for all Chinese names.

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I have been adding the Wade-Giles derived forms for geographical terms and surnames thoughout Knowledge and Wiktionary since about January 2019. Those forms are important beause they are printed in books. To ignore Wade Giles on Knowledge as we often do is to blind the English speaking world to the

1654:. Confining one or the other to the transcriptions box is going to be needlessly confusing for readers. As for which one the article should use, I'm honestly not sure. From an unscientific survey Zhang (pinyin) seems to be slightly preferred in more recent works, but this is a bit of a gray area. -- 2850:

Many modern works written using pinyin make an exception for names like Chiang Kai-shek or Sun Yat-sen. I have never seen a single work make an exception for Chang Hsueh-liang. Since this is what you're suggesting Knowledge do, I think you should provide at least a few examples of this being done.

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and our descendants to comprehend books about China by adding these Wade-Giles derived forms. These vulgar decisions are a secondary issue to me, but I would tend to stick to the name used by the person in their lifetime if they were well known by a certain name or showed a clear preference for a

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Uh, no. The "others" above are from 2006; historiography are always evolving, and Wade-Giles is gradually being phased out in academic publishings relating to modern Chinese history. There is plenty of precedent that I won't be going into details; a simple indicator would be to compare the search

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with the spelling that we use today. And historians rarely stick to the unsystematized spellings of Chinese names used in the 1800s, even though they were the only romanized names their subjects knew. There are many valid reasons that historians would choose to do this (I'm sure you can think of

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To give some background, Pinyin was developed in the 1950s by the People's Republic of China, and became ISO standard in 1982. There has been a transition towards using Pinyin instead of Wade-Giles for transliterating the names of Chinese people, including historical figures that were previously

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every Chinese subjects. This article ought not be pinyinised. 1) Chang is not an ancient figure like Han's emperors. He do have his romanised name with him and he know about it. 2) At Chang's time, it is exclusively using Wade-Giles. If a researcher looks for articles about him from English

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I don't think your hypothetical about Mainland figures is accurate. Already mentioned twice in this discussion, Zhou Enlai's name was commonly romanized as "Chou" by Western sources, even though he was a prominent Mainland figure who died nearly twenty years after Pinyin became official there.

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Additionally, by 2001 newspapers had in fact transitioned to Pinyin for Mainland Chinese people. The subject had remained loyal to the KMT, and therefore would no longer be counted as a Mainland Chinese figure (because of his continued loyalty to the KMT, which no longer controlled Mainland

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as an example: it's talking about "Chou Enlai" and "the Sian Incident"! Since 2001, almost all major Enlgish-language publications have come around to preferring pinyin for Chinese historical figures, and this is reflected in the articles mentioning Zhang that have appeared since, such as:

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It was the contemporary spelling (since pinyin did not yet exist) and is normal in English. Independently of later politics, this article really should be moved. Both should be used in the article. (Pinyin is as simplistic as WG; both require explanation for people who only speak English.)

1229:– The WG spelling of his name should be used, as others have mentioned above. It's simply how his name has always been spelled -- it is the result of both his place and time, and there's no reason or precedent for changing the WG spelling of such a figure's name to its pinyin equivalent. 2886:

Thank you, SilverStar54, for explaining your reasoning so clearly. There is no reason to be using outdated Wade–Giles romanization unless we have very, very strong evidence that Zhang's name is an exception, like Sun Yat-sen. This logical practice is supported by the guideline at

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I would suggest proposing an RFC on this. Read the above discussion, create an RFC, and in the discussion below you can add your reasoning (which acknowledges that modern sources changed to Pinyin but includes your argument on why W-G should still be used here). Hope this helps!

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Chang lived in Taiwan between 1949-1993. The switch to pinyin in Mainland China took place in 1950s. Why would Mainland standard apply to him unless you are taking sides about PRC sovereignty over Taiwan? You bet it's political. This is like an American whose last name is

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result of "Zhang Xueliang" and "Chang Hsueh-liang" (with quotation marks) in both Google News and Google Books; the news result is self-explanatory; for the book results, compare the years published and a conclusion can be made easily. This RM should be closed.

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Trying to turn this discussion into a debate about 'PRC jurisdiction over Taiwan' is just bizarre. Taiwan does not even teach romanization in schools. Chinese people, regardless of jurisdiction, write in characters and not romanization (except for in a

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I did some NPOV work. I removed a lot of material on Chiang Kaishek's actions during WWII since these weren't that relevant to Zhang Xueliang, and also gets into the highly controversial question of who was more "patriotic" against the Japanese.

1695:" It does not explicitly say that frequency shall be given higher priority over local standard or the person's own usage. The guideline specifically mention articles on people as an example of exceptions. You can find examples of modern WG usage 2936:

doesn't explicitly require recent sources, that was my bad. I was thinking of the conventions for geographic names. But if we weighted old and new sources equally, wouldn't we still be using WG for almost everything? For example, there are more

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Noting his English name and the fact that he spent a good part of his life in Taiwan, I think Mr. Zhang personally went by "Chang Hsueh-liang" instead of Zhang Xueliang. The pinyin is more popular on google though. Which one should we use?

3506:. The takeaway is that it took more time for "historical" Chinese figures like Mao compared to "new" Chinese figures that arose after the 1980s like Jiang Zemin, perhaps because of older people still accustomed to writing "Mao Tse-tung". 3214:'s analysis is most persuasive. I have tended to see it as "Zhang Xueliang" myself and although I am not totally confident in my memory, I believe that the Parks M. Coble source I added to the article in 2023 used "Zhang Xueliang". 782: 568: 2891:. Wade–Giles is extremely problematic, not least because it is very hard for English-speakers to approximate an accurate Chinese pronunciation without doing extensive research into the idiosyncratic rules of the W–G system. 1284:

Comment from proposer: Pinyin is the default Romanization for mainland Chinese-related terms and names. Pinyin is not used for primarily Taiwan-related names; look at literally any Wiki article for a Taiwanese person (e.g.,

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But notice how the Wade-Giles name (Chang Hsüeh-liang) isn't even mentioned in the move request. It just isn't that common; hence the weird political arguments claiming the entire pre-1949 Chinese history for Taiwan.

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related to Taiwan, Wade-Giles continues to be used as the standard, but that is not the case here for Zhang Xueliang. This is not about "believing" one's correct; we have naming conventions for a reason.

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Chiang had numerous generals executed after 1938 because he was paranoid about his officers' loyalty; he knew that Zhang was no threat to him under house arrest, so there was no reason to have him killed.

2466:"Sun Yat-sen uses a non-Pinyin spelling": Yes, because the majority of historians continue to spell it that way. If English-speaking historians started calling him Sun Zhongshan, then so would Knowledge. 3422: 3084:), works by pro-PRC authors (Chongji Jin) and works by authors highly critical of the PRC (Alexander Pantsov, Joseph Esherick). They approach the subject matter from all sorts of perspectives: global ( 2289: 3235: 1445:

Hi! I don't know if you've seen this talk page, but there was a requested move from 2018 that failed. It might be best to do a requested move to the Wade-Giles before considering moving. However note

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2) This is not some ancient figure who only knew Chinese, but a modern person who knew how to Latinize his name, and he did it with WG. He even added his Christian name when he emigrated to Hawaii.

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Re your edit summary ("WG is used by himself, historically accurate, and more comment in English texts.") Did Zhang Xueliang ever write in English before he began using the name Peter H. L. Chang?

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Chiang Kai-shek is one of the non-standard spellings that are widely used in English, same as Yangtze. And yes, new standards are applied retroactively, otherwise we wouldn't have names like

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the move. I think about how I asked for "Constantinople" to be used in Ottoman articles, despite some modern sources retroactively using "Istanbul" and I realize this is the same situation.

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Thank you so much for finding these! I now have "strong support" as per your evidence. NOTE: The New York Times and the BBC do use Zhang Xueliang but all the others use Chang Hsueh-liang.

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or when the subject of the article is likely to prefer a non-pinyin romanization as is often the case with people from Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and older overseas Chinese communities

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1) The time and geographical region in which pinyin dominated never overlapped with Chang/Zhang. Pinyin wasn't invented when his name was first transliterated, nor was PRC his government.

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in English-language sources throughout the twentieth century and still common today. He lived most of his life in Taiwan, where WG still predominates, and then emigrated to the USA. --

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He is not a Middle Age figure. He lived up to 21st century. His English name is widely documented, publicised and official. It is inappropriate to change to pinyin in this case.

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As the conventions of the ROC did "carry over" to the Taiwan administration, because Zhang remained loyal to the ROC, and because he was in the ROC territory from 1975 to 1995 (

3648: 1950:, but finally emigrated to, and died in, Hawaii! This argument isn't political. It's just to say that there is a lot of mental gymnastics involved to claim Zhang as Taiwanese. 3653: 3453:. Their obituary uses pinyin for most Chinese names, but not Chang Hsueh-liang. This is a point of evidence in favor of using Chang Hsueh-liang, although I should point out 1853:

Thanks for the correction about his post-1949 life. However, he did nothing of note on Taiwan, and most people looking at this article would be referencing his role in the

1631:: It appears to me that the issue is political. There may be no neutral position possible. Out of respect for the reality on the ground I support the Wade-Giles rendering. 1342: 3588: 1953:

So because it's not WG-versus-Pinyin but Idiosyncratic-versus-Pinyin, the best argument for move would be to treat his name on an individual basis with regard to the most

1266:. Pinyin has replaced Wade-Giles as the standard Chinese romanization scheme since the 1980s (ISO 7098). More modern sources use Zhang Xueliang, the pinyin spelling. See 641: 598: 147: 2000: 3598: 2057:. It help readers to go through historical sources more easily and more reliably. You never found Pinyin in old newspaper, old magazine, and other old document. — 3643: 3613: 2409: 1200: 417: 3245: 627: 1894:

Taiwan is somewhat interesting as while Hanyu Pinyin has often become the standard for romanization of regular words and for some place names, it is typically

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Well, you're right that pinyin was widespread by 2001, but newspapers were some of the last English sources to make the switch. Of the eight obituaries that @

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Any idea why Chiang Kai-shek spared Zhang Xueliang, but had Yang Hucheng killed? I couldn't figure why Chiang had different reactions to the both of them.

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uses Pinyin for "Xi'an Incident" but W-G for Chang and his family (I can see why they did that), and also the non-pinyin postal form Mukden for Shenyang.

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Allow me to clarify my argument a bit. I wasn't claiming "he was Taiwanese and WG is the standard in Taiwan". Instead, what concerns me are the following:

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is: "formerly romanized as..." I think the actual article name should itself remain in Pinyin per the standard for nowadays and the points rasied above.

79: 2861:. Although the man himself might have never used the name, "Zhang Xueliang" is how he is known to most English speakers today. This is the point of the 1325:

To complete the thought, if you have been living in Taiwan, you would have noticed that Pinyin have long been replacing Wades-Giles, see our article on

3104:). Regardless of their politics, background, or interests, modern readers are much more likely to encounter "Zhang Xueliang" than "Chang Hsueh-liang". 3673: 3479:

does use W-G for Zhou Enlai and various other figures (with no use of Pinyin, as it even uses "Sian Incident"). The others have some usage of Pinyin:

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I think this article reflects little over the significant impact The Young Marshal had on Mao Zedongs rise to power. Maybe something should be added?

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You're right that works using Wade-Giles are still being published! There are many Google Books results for recent books using "Chang Hsueh-liang" -

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be strong evidence that Chang Hsueh-liang is the WP:COMMONNAME, expect for the fact that Zhang died in 2001, when many newspapers still used WG for

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on the mainland. In other words, you would read about Zhang (spelled 'Zhang') in history books written today about the history of (mainland) China.

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that latter is probably his Chinese age. According to Chinese ages, people are born at age one and add a new age at the passing of the new year.--

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Yep, he was a womaniser who famously had a dalliance with Countess Edda Ciano, daughter of Mussolini and wife of the Italian minister to China.

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used the pinyin spelling Zhang Xueliang in its obituary and the BBC also used the pinyin spelling; it seems recent sources now use Hanyu Pinyin.

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Pingyin for sure and Pingyin Only. Wade-Giles is an English simplification of Chinese pronounciation and it shall not be used as a standard.

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Provided by Google Book: Following is a list of recent books, published between 2020 and 2024, referring to Chang Hsueh-liang, not pinyin:

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Yeah; the transliterations are simply not systematized. My point is that Wade-Giles is not like the "opposite of Pinyin". Just looking at

1485: 3454: 3281:. Evidently the Wade-Giles spelling was more common in older sources, but the pinyin spelling is clearly more common in modern sources. — 2489: 2394:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a

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Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a

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But I still think talking about Taiwan-born Taiwanese is a distraction, because Zhang Xueliang is written about for what he did in the

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policy - to ensure that article titles are recognizable to readers, not to reflect the name that the individual would have preferred.

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newspaper at that time, it must be in Chang, not Zhang. The act rewriting others' names is somehow like rewriting the history. —

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By 2001 the shift to Pinyin was largely complete in the West, so it matters that most obituaries used Wade-Giles for this subject.

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According to the article's birth and death dates, Zhang was 100 when he died yet the article says 101. Which part is incorrect?

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Chang resides in the United States after released by Chiang Kai Shek. What was his name written like when he was in the US? —

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Right, but we better confirm whether to use Wade-Giles or Pinyin. I do not consider Pinyin appropriate for his name here.--

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Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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Two of the best-read surveys of Chinese history published in the last few decades also both used pinyin for Zhang's name:

2272: 74: 2454:"He never used Zhang Xueliang during his life": It is quite common to call historical figures by a name they never used. 1691:

reads "English Knowledge uses Hanyu Pinyin without tone marks as the default Romanisation method for Chinese characters,

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need to be bolded in the lead. I can find academic histories published in the past twenty years that use the Pinyin form

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The conclusion of "only one" is far from truth. There are quite a number of books still referring to Chang Hsueh-liang.

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be enough proof of commonness. I'm not a historian so I actually don't know which is presently the more common name.

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Let's think of remaing to Wade-Giles. Pinyin is from Communist China and I do not consider it proper for his name.--

2443:". "Chang Hsueh-liang" is significantly less common in modern, reliable sources, so Zhang Xueliang should be used. 1744:

If he himself used "Chang Hsuehliang" and/or there is still a mix of modern sources using the Wade Giles name, I'd

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related articles on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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is a decentralized mess, but the latest attempts at standardization in the 21st century were attempts to enforce

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War and Geopolitics in Interwar Manchuria: Zhang Zuolin and the Fengtian Clique During the Northern Expedition

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It does give people as an exception to the usual requirement to use Mandarin Pinyin but gives little details

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Zhang was a good friend of CHiang, and a much more influential figure in the ranks of the Nationalist army.

597:. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a 109: 125: 3525: 3466: 3426: 3230: 3109: 2870: 2683: 2548: 2418: 2293: 1659: 1609: 1128: 1375:- Though older literature spelled him "Chang Hsueh-liang", modern works usually use the pinyin spelling. 3511: 3392: 3321: 3286: 3253: 3219: 2946: 2395: 2323: 2251: 2225: 2166: 2027: 1986: 1903: 1844: 1775: 1753: 1712: 1618: 1560: 1547: 1531: 1503: 1481: 1459: 1406: 1402: 1186: 1047: 208: 2414: 2124: 2053:. We should respect the name in historical document during his lifetime, just like the article of Dr. 1700: 906:

removed controversial - I don't know of any current Chinese group that thinks badly of Zhang Xueliang.

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to Pinyin for Mainland-based persons, in Western-based English language sources, began in the 1980s.

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There are a number of recent books that deal heavily with Zhang; almost all use pinyin for his name:

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after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

2010:), I think it would be fair to call him "Taiwanese" if that means a citizen of the post-1949 ROC. 70: 3359: 2463:

plenty). It's not Knowledge's job to second-guess this decision, just to reflect the consensus.

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None of the reasons in given 2020 to move this page to WG outweigh the importance of using the

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https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/world/zhang-xueliang-100-dies-warlord-and-hero-of-china.html

2119:, pinyin is both the ISO standard and the Knowledge standard, as the others have stated above. 1707:. I suspect the Ngram result only reflects increased publication from China instead of Taiwan. 3521: 3462: 3374: 3367: 3211: 3105: 2866: 2840: 2679: 2655: 2544: 2428: 2308: 2267:

certain name, regardless of the waves of relentless Hanyu Pinyin-only cohorts that will come.

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The figures your refers do not use English in his life time. It does not apply to this case.

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used for personal names. Also Zhang lived prior to 2008 (when Hanyu Pinyin became the norm)

1840: 1771: 1749: 1708: 1688: 1614: 1543: 1527: 1499: 1492: 1477: 1455: 1440: 1311:. And see Ngram above for the "retroactive" use of Zhang Xueliang in English publications. - 1263: 1205: 1110: 1044: 831: 758: 261: 141: 822: 3188: 3149: 3124: 2926: 2912: 2659: 2647: 2087: 1936: 1932: 1854: 1809: 1727: 1674: 1341:

instead. This was a political and ideological issue for the Taiwanese administration, see

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Sources in Chinese History: Diverse Perspectives from 1644 to the Present, Second Edition

2749:

The Chinese Journals of L.K. Little, 1943–54: An Eyewitness Account of War and Revolution

2220:

Is there an existing Knowledge policy that can mediate between these conflicting points?

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Chiang Kai-shek's Politics of Shame: Leadership, Legacy, and National Identity in China

2892: 2675: 2651: 2631: 2619: 2450:. Also, it doesn't seem like the 2020 move discussion was properly closed by an admin. 2436: 2432: 1804:

Also, the current standards in Taiwan are not even that relevant for someone who lived

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release, which uses W-G for Mao, but Pinyin for Xinhua and Jiang Zemin. Interestingly

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is over 20 years ago) use Pinyin, the political element IMO really complicates things.

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Seeking News, Making China: Information, Technology, and the Emergence of Mass Society

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except where an alternate form of a word is used by modern reliable secondary sources.

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This article uses both spellings. We should probably stick to one to avoid confusion

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shows that Zhang has been more common for over two decades, and the gap is widening

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Notable things about his life took place in the Mainland, which uses pinyin today.

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is the name he use in English. Don't forget that he lived in USA when he died. —

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cited in the last RFC, six used WG for more than just Chang Hsueh-liang's name:

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Chinese Government Leaders in Manchukuo, 1931-1937: Intertwined National Ideals

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in majority of the sources, but recently most sources will "retroactively" use

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works published about "Chou En-lai" than "Zhou Enlai", but clearly the latter

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China Reporting: An Oral History of American Journalism in the 1930s and 1940s

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The only source that made a clear exception for Chang Hsueh-liang's name was

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Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975

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The Dragon and the Iron Horse: The Economics of Railroads in China, 1876-1937

1808:, and who certainly did all the notable things described in this article, in 2543:

In my opinion, this makes a clear case to move this page to Zhang Xueliang.

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does use Pinyin for Mao ("That decision helped reestablish Mao Zedong's").

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Most people in Taiwan romanize their names using a variation of Wade–Giles.

3040:

Japan at War and Peace: Shidehara Kijūrō and the Making of Modern Diplomacy

2767:

An Index to Reproductions of Paintings by Twentieth-Century Chinese Artists

847:) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other 2743:

Japan’s Rush to the Pacific War: The Institutional Roots of Overbalancing

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Knowledge:Manual_of_Style/China_and_Chinese-related_articles#Romanisation

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No, he was a good friend of Zhou Enlai, but had no connection with Mao.

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uses W-G for Mao, but used Pinyin for Jiang Zemin, and also uses Beijing

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If you want some more examples of "Zhang" being used, here's a sample:

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and academic histories published in the last twenty years that use WG

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Ministry of Education's approval of Hanyu Pinyin on September 16, 2008

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The result of the move request was: Consensus not to move, therefore,

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Yep, that was my takeaway, too. I think we're on the same page here.

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Thanks for being open to reconsidering your position, I respect that.

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Deadly Quarrels: Lewis F. Richardson and the Statistical Study of War

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Tagging the users who participated in the previous two discussions: @

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According to the article you have just cited. So no, not really. --

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Stalin, Japan, and the Struggle for Supremacy Over China, 1894–1945

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Japanese Diplomacy and East Asian International Politics, 1918–1931

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The Making of China’s War with Japan: Zhou Enlai and Zhang Xueliang

1333:" as official romanisation. For instance, my birthplace used to be 970:

I did and no one answered. Why pinyin? The People's Daily used W-G

585: 549: 281:. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the 2737:

Bernardine's Shanghai Salon: The Story of the Doyenne of Old China

1522:

Should the name of this Republic of China national be rendered in

1338: 389: 307: 3028:

From Revolution To Politics: Chinese Communists On The Long March

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Accidental Holy Land: The Communist Revolution in Northwest China

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being forced by the British government to change the spelling to

2472:"Most of his English-language obituaries used his WG name" This 2074:– how is this not an easy solution? Just phrase it the way that 3016:

The Making and Unmaking of the Chinese Radical Right, 1918-1951

1948:

held under house arrest by the Kuomintang for a while in Taiwan

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adopted the use of pinyin for historical figures, such as the

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Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this

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is Taiwan on Knowledge, no longer the "Republic of China".

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Wasn't there consensus to keep the article name in pinyin?

2805:- By Noriko Kamachi, John K. Fairbank, Chūzō Ichiko · 2020 2458:

is known by a name he received from Medieval Christians.

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customary transliteration or anglicization is more common

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is a drastic oversimplification, at least according to

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Facing Japan: Chinese Politics and Japanese Imperialism

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Either way we go, both should be included in the lead.

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How Asia Got Rich: Japan, China and the Asian Miracle

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Let's review the evidence that Zhang Xueliang is the

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His obituaries in major English newspapers named him

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It has become more common to spell his name this way.

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The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a

875:

On 6 June 2024, it was proposed that this article be

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Start-Class China-related articles of Mid-importance

2755:

The Red Army 1922–41: From Civil War to 'Barbarossa'

639:

This article has been checked against the following

493:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 388:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 1189:. No further edits should be made to this section. 724: 638: 3004:Survey of Chinese History in the Twentieth Century 1939:. And he's a hero in the PRC for helping form the 1409:. No further edits should be made to this section. 2992:A History of China in the 20th Century: Volume 1 2338:Is there any actual proof of this affair? ---- 33:for general discussion of the article's subject. 2809:Government Control of the Press in Modern China 2761:Power of Freedom: Hu Shih's Political Writings 2733:- By Stephen R. MacKinnon, Oris Friesen · 2023 3659:Start-Class Chinese military history articles 3076:These works include rigorous academic works ( 2773:The 1929 Sino-Soviet War: The War Nobody Knew 2535:The 1929 Sino-Soviet War: The War Nobody Knew 174: 8: 3679:Knowledge articles that use American English 3664:Chinese military history task force articles 3594:Low-importance biography (military) articles 3228:Coble uses "Zhang Xueliang" in the index of 2713:Zhang Xueliang: The General Who Never Fought 2537:(2021), but that work shuns pinyin entirely. 2516:Zhang Xueliang: The General Who Never Fought 973:and we use pinyin. How ironic! And Columbia 909:Also this article needs a lot of NPOV work. 3649:Start-Class Asian military history articles 2803:Japanese Studies of Modern China Since 1953 2791:The Making of Japanese Manchuria, 1904–1932 188: 3654:Asian military history task force articles 3046:Zhou Enlai: The Enigma Behind Chairman Mao 2384:The following is a closed discussion of a 2339: 2196:Historical documents at that time used it. 1770:that obituaries used the Wade Giles form. 1175:The following is a closed discussion of a 835:, which has its own spelling conventions ( 721: 635: 544: 439: 334: 216: 3589:Start-Class biography (military) articles 2811:, 1900–1949 - By Lee-hsia Hsu Ting · 2020 1946:What are Zhang's ties to Taiwan? He was 591:This article is within the scope of the 3444:, used pinyin for Zhang's name as well. 3024:by David Atwill and Yurong Atwill, 2021 2439:, pinyin should be preferred unless a " 2001:used Wade Giles for most personal names 1791:Chinese language romanization in Taiwan 546: 441: 336: 218: 3599:Military biography work group articles 3184: 3163:in Taiwan, where WG still predominates 3162: 2974:The Second World War: A Global History 2799:, 1931–1937 - By Parks M. Coble · 2020 2603:has been notified of this discussion. 2583:has been notified of this discussion. 2563:has been notified of this discussion. 2440: 1687:The complete sentence you quoted from 1330: 611:Knowledge:WikiProject Military history 601:. To use this banner, please see the 3644:Start-Class military history articles 3614:Mid-importance China-related articles 2460:Shakespeare never signed his own name 855:, this should not be changed without 614:Template:WikiProject Military history 7: 2779:Owen Lattimore and the Loss of China 2403:The result of the move request was: 487:This article is within the scope of 382:This article is within the scope of 267:This article is within the scope of 3380:: "Since the early 1980s, the West" 2817:- By Ralph William Huenemann · 2020 2793:- By Yoshihisa Tak Matsusaka · 2020 2008:he formally moved to Hawaii in 1995 783:Chinese military history task force 207:It is of interest to the following 23:for discussing improvements to the 3609:Start-Class China-related articles 2678:. Hopefully that's everyone, lol. 1943:with the Communist Party of China. 14: 3669:Start-Class World War II articles 3241:The Collapse of Nationalist China 1957:spelling in high-quality sources. 767:Asian military history task force 318:the military biography work group 3674:World War II task force articles 3566:The discussion above is closed. 2769:- By Ellen Johnston Laing · 2021 2739:- By Susan Blumberg-Kason · 2023 2533:The only exception I know of is 2017:began using Pinyin for his name 1168:Requested move 20 September 2018 868: 821: 698: 687: 676: 665: 654: 584: 548: 474: 464: 443: 369: 359: 338: 254: 244: 220: 189: 45:Click here to start a new topic. 2711:The book above-mentioned book, 1997:Chinese Ministry of Information 1766:due to the evidence below from 527:This article has been rated as 422:This article has been rated as 291:Knowledge:WikiProject Biography 3634:Low-importance Taiwan articles 3604:WikiProject Biography articles 3584:Start-Class biography articles 3461:used pinyin for Zhang's name. 2410:closed by non-admin page mover 2171:20:58, 21 September 2020 (UTC) 2154:23:37, 13 September 2020 (UTC) 1557:Pinging previous participants 1468:I probably meant to say "more 1385:20:47, 25 September 2018 (UTC) 1362:14:25, 21 September 2018 (UTC) 1321:03:25, 21 September 2018 (UTC) 1299:00:27, 21 September 2018 (UTC) 1280:19:30, 20 September 2018 (UTC) 1255:09:03, 20 September 2018 (UTC) 1239:03:01, 20 September 2018 (UTC) 1215:06:33, 27 September 2018 (UTC) 1201:closed by non-admin page mover 1105:Zhang Xueliang vs Yang Hucheng 294:Template:WikiProject Biography 1: 2775:- By Michael M. Walker · 2021 2372:15:39, 2 September 2022 (UTC) 2328:18:52, 11 December 2020 (UTC) 2129:03:37, 4 September 2020 (UTC) 2092:01:16, 1 September 2020 (UTC) 1780:18:52, 11 December 2020 (UTC) 751:Military biography task force 501:and see a list of open tasks. 396:and see a list of open tasks. 315:This article is supported by 42:Put new text under old text. 3052:Manchuria: A Concise History 2988:, by Alexander Pantsov, 2023 2781:- By Robert P. Newman · 2021 2745:- By Lionel P. Fatton · 2023 2601:WikiProject Military history 2313:14:49, 20 October 2020 (UTC) 2110:14:57, 20 October 2020 (UTC) 2013:I do notice though that the 1995:I can also confirm that the 1162:01:49, 8 December 2009 (UTC) 594:Military history WikiProject 507:Knowledge:WikiProject Taiwan 279:contribute to the discussion 3639:WikiProject Taiwan articles 3629:Start-Class Taiwan articles 3238:. And he continues this in 3078:From Revolution To Politics 3069:The Search for Modern China 2787:- By A. Morgan Young · 2021 2727:- By David Wilkinson · 2024 2354:22:08, 28 August 2022 (UTC) 2277:16:21, 25 August 2020 (UTC) 2256:07:17, 23 August 2020 (UTC) 2230:17:47, 19 August 2020 (UTC) 2067:15:25, 19 August 2020 (UTC) 2032:07:21, 23 August 2020 (UTC) 1991:22:53, 22 August 2020 (UTC) 1971:12:46, 21 August 2020 (UTC) 1908:00:17, 21 August 2020 (UTC) 1883:18:08, 19 August 2020 (UTC) 1849:17:18, 19 August 2020 (UTC) 1826:14:15, 19 August 2020 (UTC) 1758:01:44, 13 August 2020 (UTC) 1740:15:31, 10 August 2020 (UTC) 1717:15:37, 10 August 2020 (UTC) 1683:15:08, 10 August 2020 (UTC) 510:Template:WikiProject Taiwan 402:Knowledge:WikiProject China 50:New to Knowledge? Welcome! 3695: 3624:WikiProject China articles 3475:Going through these. Yes, 3167:our article on the subject 3094:Sources in Chinese History 3018:by Nagatomi Hirayama, 2022 2377:Requested move 6 June 2024 1664:14:22, 9 August 2020 (UTC) 1641:08:02, 8 August 2020 (UTC) 1623:00:46, 8 August 2020 (UTC) 1552:14:42, 7 August 2020 (UTC) 1536:14:41, 7 August 2020 (UTC) 1518:RFC for Pinyin vs WG names 1508:08:05, 6 August 2020 (UTC) 1486:05:06, 6 August 2020 (UTC) 1464:22:56, 5 August 2020 (UTC) 659:Referencing and citation: 533:project's importance scale 428:project's importance scale 405:Template:WikiProject China 3561:17:00, 13 June 2024 (UTC) 3530:20:51, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3516:19:45, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3471:19:22, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3397:15:32, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3342:07:00, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3326:01:18, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3297:15:17, 11 June 2024 (UTC) 3258:21:12, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3224:14:26, 11 June 2024 (UTC) 3197:09:58, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3180:06:56, 12 June 2024 (UTC) 3158:13:16, 11 June 2024 (UTC) 3133:01:13, 11 June 2024 (UTC) 3114:19:14, 10 June 2024 (UTC) 2982:by Hiroaki Kuromiya, 2023 2921:14:14, 10 June 2024 (UTC) 2757:- By Philip Jowett · 2022 2423:21:05, 16 June 2024 (UTC) 2203:no jurisdiction over him. 2078:is done or my article on 2003:except "Chiang Kai-shek". 1433:00:30, 13 June 2020 (UTC) 1114:20:18, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 1072:21:46, 10 June 2006 (UTC) 1037:00:55, 3 March 2006 (UTC) 999:00:57, 3 March 2006 (UTC) 990:06:13, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC) 797: 781: 765: 749: 720: 617:military history articles 579: 526: 459: 421: 354: 314: 239: 215: 80:Be welcoming to newcomers 3568:Please do not modify it. 3118:I change my position to 3080:), popular non-fiction ( 3071:by Jonathan Spence, 1990 3012:by Joseph Esherick, 2022 2902:11:54, 8 June 2024 (UTC) 2875:06:59, 8 June 2024 (UTC) 2845:00:41, 8 June 2024 (UTC) 2785:Imperial Japan 1926-1938 2688:16:16, 7 June 2024 (UTC) 2613:12:25, 7 June 2024 (UTC) 2593:12:25, 7 June 2024 (UTC) 2573:12:25, 7 June 2024 (UTC) 2553:23:55, 6 June 2024 (UTC) 2480:Chinese names. Take the 2391:Please do not modify it. 2190:In favor of Wade-Giles: 2187:This issue is political. 2179:Summary of points so far 1399:Please do not modify it. 1182:Please do not modify it. 1133:02:54, 10 May 2012 (UTC) 1099:11:48, 21 May 2006 (UTC) 1089:07:34, 21 May 2006 (UTC) 967:08:48, 8 Nov 2003 (UTC) 3246:As seen on Google Books 3048:by Michael Dillon, 2020 3036:by Grace C. Huang, 2021 2976:by Teddy Uldricks, 2024 1139:Relations to Mao Zedong 1051:20:16, 7 May 2006 (UTC) 1018:17:43, 7 May 2006 (UTC) 982:all use his WG name. -- 799:World War II task force 725:Associated task forces: 670:Coverage and accuracy: 3090:Japan at War and Peace 3042:by Ryuji Hattori, 2021 3030:by Benjamin Yang, 2021 2958:by Ryuji Hattori, 2024 2932:You're right that the 2435:– TL;DR: According to 1806:almost his entire life 794: 778: 762: 746: 703:Supporting materials: 631: 408:China-related articles 311: 197:This article is rated 75:avoid personal attacks 3455:a more recent article 3231:China's War Reporters 2286:when he died in 2001 1999:(here being the ROC) 1345:. For names that are 1057:It is a bit crazy to 793: 777: 761: 745: 630: 310: 270:WikiProject Biography 100:Neutral point of view 3493:Napa Valley Register 3423:Napa Valley Register 3086:The Second World War 3082:Victorious in Defeat 3006:by Chongji Jin, 2023 3000:by Jianda Yuan, 2023 2970:by John Alekna, 2024 2208:In favor of pinyin: 2160:the grave shows this 1863:Chinese input system 1726:per point raised by 1329:and the part about " 853:relevant style guide 849:varieties of English 105:No original research 3502:Honolulu Advertiser 3415:Honolulu Advertiser 3366:on August 7, 2011. 3054:by Mark Gamsa, 2020 2269:Geographyinitiative 1941:Second United Front 1869:pinyin is used for 851:. According to the 692:Grammar and style: 645:for B-class status: 3236:See page here, 266 3102:Zhou Enlai: A Life 3065:by John Keay, 2009 2964:by Jian Chen, 2024 2962:Zhou Enlai: A Life 2581:WikiProject Taiwan 1472:in English texts." 1447:The New York Times 795: 779: 763: 747: 632: 599:list of open tasks 490:WikiProject Taiwan 312: 297:biography articles 203:content assessment 86:dispute resolution 47: 3378:978-0-7656-0356-2 3362:. Retrieved from 3100:), biographical ( 2825:is commonly used 2823:Chang Hsueh-liang 2703:Chang Hsueh-liang 2615: 2595: 2575: 2561:WikiProject China 2429:Chang Hsueh-liang 2413: 2356: 2344:comment added by 2284:Chang Hsueh-liang 2098:Chang Hsueh-liang 1226:Chang Hsueh-liang 1204: 1152:comment added by 951: 938:comment added by 928: 915:comment added by 899: 898: 881:Chang Hsueh-liang 863: 862: 816: 815: 812: 811: 808: 807: 804: 803: 716: 715: 672:criterion not met 661:criterion not met 603:full instructions 543: 542: 539: 538: 438: 437: 434: 433: 385:WikiProject China 333: 332: 329: 328: 183: 182: 66:Assume good faith 43: 3686: 3558: 3553: 3497:Associated Press 3337: 3244:(the 2023 book) 3175: 3063:China: A History 2994:by Lü Peng, 2023 2943:is now preferred 2897: 2598: 2578: 2558: 2407: 2393: 2241: 2019:as early as 1991 1893: 1613: 1606: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1564: 1496: 1444: 1228: 1198: 1184: 1164: 933: 910: 887:. The result of 872: 871: 865: 832:American English 828:This article is 825: 818: 732: 722: 706: 702: 701: 695: 691: 690: 684: 680: 679: 673: 669: 668: 662: 658: 657: 636: 619: 618: 615: 612: 609: 608:Military history 588: 581: 580: 575: 556:Military history 552: 545: 515: 514: 511: 508: 505: 484: 479: 478: 477: 468: 461: 460: 455: 447: 440: 410: 409: 406: 403: 400: 379: 374: 373: 372: 363: 356: 355: 350: 342: 335: 299: 298: 295: 292: 289: 275:join the project 264: 262:Biography portal 259: 258: 257: 248: 241: 240: 235: 224: 217: 200: 194: 193: 185: 179: 178: 164: 95:Article policies 16: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3683: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3556: 3551: 3333: 3171: 3096:), Manchurian ( 2893: 2389: 2379: 2364:Simpleshooter99 2346:209.107.112.230 2336: 2235: 2181: 1937:northeast China 1933:Fengtian clique 1887: 1810:northeast China 1610:Septentrionalis 1607: 1600: 1593: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1558: 1520: 1490: 1438: 1421: 1413: 1327:Tongyong Pinyin 1224: 1180: 1170: 1147: 1141: 1107: 1080: 1026: 1015:Septentrionalis 960: 904: 869: 857:broad consensus 730: 704: 699: 693: 688: 682: 677: 671: 666: 660: 655: 616: 613: 610: 607: 606: 558: 513:Taiwan articles 512: 509: 506: 503: 502: 480: 475: 473: 453: 407: 404: 401: 398: 397: 375: 370: 368: 348: 296: 293: 290: 287: 286: 260: 255: 253: 230: 201:on Knowledge's 198: 121: 116: 115: 114: 91: 61: 12: 11: 5: 3692: 3690: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3576: 3575: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3445: 3430: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3350:Terry, Edith. 3315: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3299: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2950: 2947:WP:AGE MATTERS 2930: 2904: 2884:Strong support 2880: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2851: 2833: 2830: 2820: 2819: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2719: 2716: 2708: 2707: 2691: 2690: 2616: 2596: 2576: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2510: 2496: 2495: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2433:Zhang Xueliang 2426: 2401: 2400: 2386:requested move 2380: 2378: 2375: 2335: 2334:Edda Mussolini 2332: 2331: 2330: 2281: 2259: 2258: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2199:PRC never had 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2131: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2069: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2021: 2015:New York Times 2011: 2004: 1979: 1976: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1929: 1858: 1855:Xi'an Incident 1801: 1800: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1764:Strong Support 1742: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1666: 1643: 1555: 1554: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1473: 1453: 1450: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1395:requested move 1389: 1388: 1387: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1302: 1301: 1282: 1257: 1221:Zhang Xueliang 1218: 1192: 1191: 1177:requested move 1171: 1169: 1166: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1054: 1053: 1040: 1039: 1025: 1024:Chang or Zhang 1022: 1021: 1020: 1002: 1001: 959: 953: 903: 900: 897: 896: 889:the discussion 885:Zhang Xueliang 873: 861: 860: 826: 814: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 802: 801: 796: 786: 785: 780: 770: 769: 764: 754: 753: 748: 738: 737: 735: 733: 727: 726: 718: 717: 714: 713: 711: 709: 708: 707: 696: 685: 674: 663: 649: 648: 646: 633: 623: 622: 620: 589: 577: 576: 553: 541: 540: 537: 536: 529:Low-importance 525: 519: 518: 516: 499:the discussion 486: 485: 469: 457: 456: 454:Low‑importance 448: 436: 435: 432: 431: 424:Mid-importance 420: 414: 413: 411: 394:the discussion 381: 380: 364: 352: 351: 349:Mid‑importance 343: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323:Low-importance 313: 303: 302: 300: 266: 265: 249: 237: 236: 225: 213: 212: 206: 195: 181: 180: 118: 117: 113: 112: 107: 102: 93: 92: 90: 89: 82: 77: 68: 62: 60: 59: 48: 39: 38: 35: 34: 28: 25:Zhang Xueliang 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3691: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3569: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3549:, per ngram. 3548: 3545: 3544: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3495:use the same 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3481:The Telegraph 3478: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3459:The Economist 3456: 3452: 3451: 3450:The Economist 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3371:0-7656-0356-X 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3275:WP:COMMONNAME 3272: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146:WP:COMMONNAME 3144:. Very clear 3143: 3140: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3088:), Japanese ( 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2934:WP:COMMONNAME 2931: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2863:WP:COMMONNAME 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2699:WP:COMMONNAME 2696: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507:Google ngrams 2505: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2500:WP:COMMONNAME 2493: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2482:Guardian obit 2479: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2448:WP:COMMONNAME 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2399: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926:Chen Shuibian 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1583: 1576: 1569: 1562: 1561:60.248.185.19 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:92.34.118.138 1418: 1416: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309:Qin Shi Huang 1306: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291:60.248.185.19 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231:60.248.185.19 1227: 1222: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1202: 1197: 1190: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154:76.251.211.44 1151: 1144: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1000: 997: 993: 992: 991: 989: 985: 981: 978: 976:, Britannica 975: 972: 968: 966: 958: 954: 952: 949: 945: 941: 937: 929: 926: 922: 918: 914: 907: 901: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 867: 866: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833: 827: 824: 820: 819: 800: 792: 788: 787: 784: 776: 772: 771: 768: 760: 756: 755: 752: 744: 740: 739: 736: 734: 729: 728: 723: 719: 712: 710: 705:criterion met 697: 694:criterion met 686: 683:criterion met 675: 664: 653: 652: 651: 650: 647: 644: 643: 637: 634: 629: 625: 624: 621: 604: 600: 596: 595: 590: 587: 583: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 554: 551: 547: 534: 530: 524: 521: 520: 517: 500: 496: 492: 491: 483: 482:Taiwan portal 472: 470: 467: 463: 462: 458: 452: 449: 446: 442: 429: 425: 419: 416: 415: 412: 395: 391: 387: 386: 378: 367: 365: 362: 358: 357: 353: 347: 344: 341: 337: 324: 321:(assessed as 320: 319: 309: 305: 304: 301: 284: 283:documentation 280: 276: 272: 271: 263: 252: 250: 247: 243: 242: 238: 234: 229: 226: 223: 219: 214: 210: 204: 196: 192: 187: 186: 177: 173: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 123:Find sources: 120: 119: 111: 110:Verifiability 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 96: 87: 83: 81: 78: 76: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 53: 52:Learn to edit 49: 46: 41: 40: 37: 36: 32: 26: 22: 18: 17: 3567: 3546: 3522:SilverStar54 3501: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3477:The Guardian 3476: 3463:SilverStar54 3458: 3449: 3433: 3432:Papers that 3364:Google Books 3351: 3334: 3303: 3289: 3266: 3239: 3229: 3212:SilverStar54 3207: 3172: 3141: 3119: 3106:SilverStar54 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092:), Chinese ( 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3062: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2938: 2907: 2906: 2894: 2883: 2867:SilverStar54 2826: 2822: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2712: 2702: 2694: 2680:SilverStar54 2656:RaiderAspect 2545:SilverStar54 2542: 2534: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2497: 2477: 2473: 2445: 2427: 2415:BilledMammal 2404: 2402: 2390: 2383: 2358: 2340:— Preceding 2337: 2283: 2280: 2263: 2260: 2219: 2200: 2141: 2133: 2116: 2097: 2071: 2050: 2014: 1947: 1895: 1866: 1865:, for which 1836: 1832: 1805: 1794: 1786: 1768:User:HenryLi 1763: 1745: 1723: 1692: 1668: 1656:RaiderAspect 1645: 1633:—¿philoserf? 1628: 1556: 1521: 1469: 1446: 1422: 1414: 1398: 1392: 1372: 1347: 1346: 1287:Tsai Ing-wen 1259: 1219: 1208: 1207: 1195: 1193: 1181: 1174: 1145: 1142: 1125:Ferox Seneca 1117: 1108: 1084: 1081: 1058: 1027: 1006: 1003: 969: 961: 930: 908: 905: 892: 844: 840: 836: 829: 640: 592: 573:World War II 528: 488: 423: 383: 377:China portal 316: 268: 209:WikiProjects 171: 165: 157: 150: 144: 138: 132: 122: 94: 19:This is the 3508:WhisperToMe 3389:WhisperToMe 3356:M.E. Sharpe 3318:WhisperToMe 3283:Mx. Granger 3250:WhisperToMe 3216:JArthur1984 2908:Weak oppose 2859:over 15,000 2624:WhisperToMe 2396:move review 2320:WhisperToMe 2248:WhisperToMe 2193:He used it. 2163:WhisperToMe 2055:Sun Yat-sen 2024:WhisperToMe 1922:Ma Yingjeou 1918:Lee Tenghui 1914:Tsai Ingwen 1900:WhisperToMe 1772:WhisperToMe 1750:WhisperToMe 1615:WhisperToMe 1500:WhisperToMe 1456:WhisperToMe 1407:move review 1343:this source 1187:move review 1148:—Preceding 1111:Constrainer 934:—Preceding 911:—Preceding 830:written in 681:Structure: 199:Start-class 148:free images 31:not a forum 3578:Categories 3189:Necrothesp 3150:Necrothesp 3125:C9mVio9JRy 2945:. 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For 2695:Oppose 2672:チェシャねこ 2640:Jusjih 2599:Note: 2579:Note: 2559:Note: 2530:(2017) 2524:(2016) 2518:(2012) 2405:moved. 2117:Oppose 1924:, and 1890:チェシャねこ 1814:Taiwan 1796:pinyin 1787:Oppose 1724:Oppose 1703:, and 1669:Oppose 1596:Jusjih 1470:common 1419:Pinyin 1373:Oppose 1260:Oppose 1048:ntnood 1034:Jusjih 996:Jusjih 504:Taiwan 495:Taiwan 451:Taiwan 205:scale. 126:Google 3457:from 2949:here. 2939:total 2668:Aza24 2636:Jiang 2628:Zanhe 2474:would 2084:Aza24 1589:Jiang 1575:Zanhe 1339:Xizhi 1313:Zanhe 1272:Zanhe 1268:NGRAM 1096:Jiang 1045:Insta 984:Jiang 965:Jiang 893:moved 879:from 877:moved 837:color 565:Asian 399:China 390:China 346:China 169:JSTOR 130:books 84:Seek 3552:ときさき 3526:talk 3512:talk 3491:and 3485:WaPo 3467:talk 3440:and 3434:had 3411:WaPo 3393:talk 3375:ISBN 3368:ISBN 3322:talk 3287:talk 3269:per 3254:talk 3220:talk 3193:talk 3154:talk 3129:talk 3110:talk 2917:talk 2871:talk 2841:Talk 2684:talk 2609:talk 2589:talk 2569:talk 2549:talk 2419:talk 2368:talk 2350:talk 2324:talk 2309:Talk 2273:talk 2252:talk 2226:talk 2167:talk 2150:talk 2125:talk 2106:Talk 2088:talk 2072:Both 2063:Talk 2028:talk 1987:talk 1967:talk 1963:체셔🐈 1904:talk 1879:talk 1875:체셔🐈 1867:only 1845:talk 1837:Grey 1833:Gray 1822:talk 1818:체셔🐈 1776:talk 1754:talk 1736:talk 1713:talk 1705:here 1701:here 1697:here 1679:talk 1660:talk 1646:Both 1637:talk 1619:talk 1548:talk 1532:talk 1504:talk 1482:talk 1460:talk 1429:talk 1381:talk 1358:talk 1317:talk 1295:talk 1276:talk 1262:per 1251:talk 1235:talk 1213:🎷 1209:Jazz 1158:talk 1129:talk 1068:Talk 988:Talk 944:talk 921:talk 891:was 277:and 162:FENS 136:news 73:and 3557:くるみ 3442:BBC 3438:NYT 3360:632 3210:. @ 2674:, @ 2670:, @ 2666:, @ 2662:, @ 2658:, @ 2654:, @ 2650:, @ 2646:, @ 2642:, @ 2638:, @ 2634:, @ 2630:, @ 2626:, @ 2622:, @ 2478:all 2242:In 2146:火龍風 1935:in 1896:not 1873:). 1871:MSC 1270:. - 1078:Age 883:to 523:Low 418:Mid 176:TWL 3580:: 3528:) 3514:) 3469:) 3425:, 3421:, 3417:, 3413:, 3409:, 3395:) 3373:, 3354:. 3324:) 3295:) 3273:, 3256:) 3248:. 3234:. 3222:) 3195:) 3169:. 3156:) 3131:) 3112:) 2919:) 2873:) 2843:) 2835:— 2701:, 2686:) 2611:) 2591:) 2571:) 2551:) 2502:: 2491:, 2488:, 2431:→ 2421:) 2388:. 2370:) 2352:) 2326:) 2311:) 2275:) 2254:) 2228:) 2169:) 2152:) 2127:) 2108:) 2090:) 2065:) 2030:) 1989:) 1969:) 1920:, 1916:, 1906:) 1881:) 1847:) 1839:. 1824:) 1778:) 1756:) 1738:) 1715:) 1699:, 1681:) 1662:) 1639:) 1621:) 1550:) 1534:) 1506:) 1484:) 1462:) 1431:) 1397:. 1383:) 1360:) 1319:) 1297:) 1278:) 1253:) 1237:) 1223:→ 1179:. 1160:) 1131:) 1070:) 986:| 963:-- 950:) 946:• 927:) 923:• 843:, 839:, 731:/ 571:/ 567:/ 563:/ 559:: 325:). 231:: 156:) 54:; 3524:( 3510:( 3465:( 3391:( 3320:( 3290:· 3285:( 3252:( 3218:( 3191:( 3152:( 3127:( 3108:( 2925:@ 2915:( 2869:( 2839:( 2829:. 2682:( 2607:( 2587:( 2567:( 2547:( 2494:. 2417:( 2412:) 2408:( 2366:( 2348:( 2322:( 2307:( 2271:( 2250:( 2240:: 2236:@ 2224:( 2165:( 2148:( 2123:( 2104:( 2086:( 2061:( 2026:( 1985:( 1965:( 1902:( 1892:: 1888:@ 1877:( 1843:( 1820:( 1799:. 1774:( 1752:( 1734:( 1711:( 1677:( 1658:( 1635:( 1617:( 1612:: 1608:@ 1605:: 1601:@ 1598:: 1594:@ 1591:: 1587:@ 1584:: 1580:@ 1577:: 1573:@ 1570:: 1566:@ 1563:: 1559:@ 1546:( 1530:( 1502:( 1495:: 1491:@ 1480:( 1458:( 1443:: 1439:@ 1427:( 1379:( 1356:( 1315:( 1293:( 1274:( 1249:( 1233:( 1203:) 1199:( 1156:( 1127:( 1066:( 942:( 919:( 895:. 859:. 605:. 535:. 430:. 285:. 211:: 172:· 166:· 158:· 151:· 145:· 139:· 133:· 128:( 58:.

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