57:
33:
299:
grows as a tree to 18 metres (59 ft) high. The tiny leaves are alternately arranged along the branches, and exude salt, which can form a crusted layer on the surface, and drop onto the ground beneath. The species can reproduce by seed, by suckering, or from a cutting. It blooms from July till
308:
The tree is known to be very tolerant of salts. It has been found that it excretes concentrated salty water from glands on its leaf surfaces; the water evaporates leaving a crust of crystals containing more than ten salts. Most of the crystals fall off, but the crystals of at least one,
340:
produces high-quality honey with a unique taste. Due to the drought- and salt-tolerant properties of the tree, it could be planted as an agroforestry species, as well as for reclamation of marginal lands. A vegetative propagation method for the tree using the
313:, remain stuck on the leaves. These particular crystals swell with the small amount of humidity in the atmosphere at night, and the leaves absorb the moisture, helped by an adhesive surface that holds on to the water.
328:
for decades, especially in dryer regions such as the western United States and central and western
Australia. Due to its higher fire adaptability, it can be used as a barrier to fire. Even when dry, the wood of
244:
is found along watercourses in arid areas. It is very resistant to saline and alkaline soils. Its range extends from latitude 35°N to 0°N, and its W–E range extends from
333:
is difficult to burn, due to the high ash content (30–40%) and higher salt content of its foliage. After a fire it usually regrows, unless the root-crown is destroyed.
1311:
1376:
1236:
1606:
1580:
1337:
1262:
813:
Griffin, G.F.; Smith, D.M.S.; Morton, S.R.; Allan, G.E.; Masters, K.A.; Preece, N. (1989). "Status and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (
1454:
561:
918:
1748:
1743:
1130:
1125:
1394:
902:
736:
1728:
1249:
676:
Al-Handawi, Marieh B.; Commins, Patrick; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Abdellatief, Mahmoud; Li, Liang; Naumov, Panče (7 November 2023).
369:
in the
Northern Territory and Western Australia. The species had been present for many decades without much spread before this.
1733:
1593:
1298:
1683:
1678:
1611:
381:
412:. This species has not naturalized in areas of the United States where it has been grown, unlike other species in the genus
1342:
233:
tree, native across North, East, and
Central Africa, through the Middle East, and into parts of Western and Southern Asia.
362:
625:
1554:
1324:
1043:
836:
1723:
1619:
1467:
1381:
884:
1703:
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56:
1738:
1688:
1624:
1472:
1718:
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1213:
894:
889:
1218:
1192:
530:
526:
1713:
1187:
1081:
1061:
986:
160:
1585:
1267:
1138:
1024:
880:
1166:
1428:
397:
1368:
1117:
1091:
929:
600:
1645:
1503:
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1200:
185:
51:
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565:
1316:
1567:
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269:
1433:
1673:
1420:
967:
782:
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689:
505:
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479:
366:
310:
1290:
1495:
435:
94:
651:
1446:
1179:
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677:
1441:
787:
755:
261:
117:
81:
971:
1667:
1350:
447:
443:
409:
176:
1650:
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1508:
1104:
373:
325:
253:
127:
1559:
1546:
1254:
1535:
1048:
1035:
353:
Within these regions, it has spread, most dramatically and noticeably in central
1363:
1275:
1018:
534:
358:
281:
265:
214:
1009:
954:
Nawwar, Mahmoud A.M.; Hussein, Sahar A.M. (July 1994). "Gall polyphenolics of
778:
401:
377:
342:
703:
629:
1407:
1174:
1151:
694:
393:
354:
230:
1485:
1329:
928:. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Archived from
796:
721:
1637:
1071:
844:
213:, with heights up to 18 metres (59 ft). The species has a variety of
1632:
1529:
1480:
1389:
1003:
277:
107:
1228:
678:"Harvesting of aerial humidity with natural hygroscopic salt excretions"
1402:
1241:
1112:
521:
517:
431:
414:
249:
245:
209:
137:
44:
756:"Aeroponics for adventitious rhizogenesis in evergreen haloxeric tree
1280:
1056:
405:
980:
32:
376:
in
Australia, which it outcompetes. It has replaced the indigenous
1598:
1303:
1156:
628:(Report). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2000. Archived from
465:
285:
257:
68:
843:. Weeds of National Significance. Weeds Australia. Archived from
538:
461:
273:
1143:
984:
324:
has been used as a windbreak and shade tree in agriculture and
737:"How desert shrub's salty 'sweat' collects water from dry air"
808:
806:
380:
along watercourses in the interior. It has been declared
817:) on the Finke River, Northern Territory, Australia".
576:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
919:"[no title cited] MN 050, part 13"
1519:
993:
426:Most botanists and Bible scholars believe that the
763:: Influence of exogenous auxins and cutting type"
754:Sharma, U.; Kataria, V.; Shekhawat, N.S. (2017).
682:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
595:
593:
591:
365:. Since then it has become a serious weed and
487:
8:
981:
767:Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
620:
618:
473:
31:
20:
786:
711:
693:
446:wrote that its name was derived from the
652:"Plants of the Bible | Tamarix aphylla"
553:
345:technique has recently been developed.
626:Forestry Compendium Global Module]
304:Salt tolerance and collecting humidity
574:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
372:It tends to use more water than most
7:
819:Journal of Environmental Management
488:
474:
357:after the floods of 1974 along the
264:and into Kenya. It is found in the
14:
893:(abridged ed.). Oxford, UK:
735:Simons, Paul (20 December 2023).
1625:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263887-1
1473:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:828051-1
867:"Abraham planted tamarisk trees"
336:The nectar from the blossoms of
207:is the largest known species of
55:
382:a weed of national significance
418:that are vigorously invasive.
1:
972:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90486-2
1749:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1744:Flora of Palestine (region)
1765:
515:
779:10.1007/s12298-017-0493-0
191:
184:
166:
159:
52:Scientific classification
50:
39:
30:
23:
392:It is commonly used for
1729:Garden plants of Africa
895:Oxford University Press
890:A Greek-English Lexicon
695:10.1073/pnas.2313134120
656:www.flowersinisrael.com
508:, it is called Khagal.
1734:Drought-tolerant trees
869:(blog). 24 March 2011.
43:in natural habitat in
1684:Flora of Western Asia
1679:Flora of North Africa
531:3,6-digalloyl glucose
527:2,6-Digalloyl glucose
468:, the tree is called
847:on 12 September 2009
408:of the Southwestern
632:on 7 September 2009
398:agricultural fields
260:, and south to the
363:Northern Territory
194:Tamarix articulata
1724:Flora of Pakistan
1661:
1660:
1416:Open Tree of Life
987:Taxon identifiers
270:Arabian Peninsula
200:
199:
1756:
1704:Flora of Algeria
1694:Flora of Eritrea
1654:
1653:
1641:
1640:
1628:
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1038:
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1027:
1014:
1013:
1012:
982:
976:
975:
966:(4): 1035–1037.
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
934:
923:
915:
909:
908:
877:
871:
870:
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857:
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841:www.weeds.org.au
833:
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613:
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597:
586:
585:
583:
581:
558:
491:
490:
477:
476:
430:tree planted by
396:on the edges of
367:invasive species
311:lithium sulphate
172:
60:
59:
35:
21:
16:Species of plant
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1739:Flora of Israel
1689:Trees of Africa
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1649:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1610:
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1534:
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1507:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1434:Tamarix aphylla
1432:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1395:Tamarix~aphylla
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1310:
1302:
1297:
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1279:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1206:Tamarix aphylla
1204:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1131:Tamarix_aphylla
1129:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1092:tamarix-aphylla
1090:
1088:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1062:tamarix-aphylla
1060:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1025:Tamarix aphylla
1023:
1022:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1002:
995:Tamarix aphylla
989:
979:
956:Tamarix aphylla
953:
952:
948:
938:
936:
935:on 9 April 2012
932:
921:
917:
916:
912:
905:
879:
878:
874:
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
835:
834:
830:
815:Tamarix aphylla
812:
811:
804:
760:
758:Tamarix aphylla
753:
752:
748:
734:
733:
729:
675:
674:
670:
660:
658:
650:
649:
645:
635:
633:
624:
623:
616:
603:Tamarix aphylla
599:
598:
589:
579:
577:
568:Tamarix aphylla
560:
559:
555:
551:
524:
514:
496:, it is called
482:, it is called
440:Tamarix aphylla
436:Book of Genesis
424:
390:
351:
338:Tamarix aphylla
322:Tamarix aphylla
319:
306:
297:Tamarix aphylla
294:
272:, east through
256:, eastwards to
242:Tamarix aphylla
239:
204:Tamarix aphylla
180:
174:
170:Tamarix aphylla
168:
155:
152:T. aphylla
54:
41:Tamarix aphylla
25:Tamarix aphylla
17:
12:
11:
5:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:Flora of Sudan
1716:
1711:
1709:Flora of Egypt
1706:
1701:
1699:Flora of Libya
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:wfo-0000407830
1642:
1629:
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1603:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1541:
1525:
1523:
1517:
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1514:
1513:
1509:wfo-0000458771
1500:
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1477:
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990:
985:
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977:
960:Phytochemistry
946:
910:
903:
872:
858:
828:
802:
773:(1): 167–174.
746:
727:
668:
643:
614:
587:
552:
550:
547:
513:
510:
453:"without", and
423:
420:
389:
386:
384:in Australia.
350:
347:
318:
315:
305:
302:
293:
290:
262:Horn of Africa
238:
235:
219:Athel tamarisk
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164:
163:
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118:Caryophyllales
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62:
61:
48:
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15:
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10:
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4:
3:
2:
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1740:
1737:
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1727:
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1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Flora of Chad
1712:
1710:
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1705:
1702:
1700:
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1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1537:
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1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1521:Thuja aphylla
1518:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
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965:
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947:
931:
927:
920:
914:
911:
906:
904:0-19-910207-4
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
881:Liddell, H.G.
876:
873:
868:
862:
859:
846:
842:
838:
832:
829:
825:(4): 297–315.
824:
820:
816:
809:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
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723:
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691:
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683:
679:
672:
669:
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631:
627:
621:
619:
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609:www.fs.fed.us
606:
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544:
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511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
485:
481:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
449:
448:Ancient Greek
445:
444:Carl Linnaeus
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
419:
417:
416:
411:
410:United States
407:
403:
399:
395:
388:United States
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
374:native plants
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
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316:
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212:
211:
206:
205:
196:
195:
190:
187:
183:
178:
177:Carl Linnaeus
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
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148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
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126:
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116:
113:
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109:
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100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
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83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1520:
994:
963:
959:
955:
949:
937:. Retrieved
930:the original
926:aciar.gov.au
925:
913:
888:
875:
861:
851:29 September
849:. Retrieved
845:the original
840:
837:"Athel pine"
831:
822:
818:
814:
770:
766:
761:(L.; Karst.)
757:
749:
741:The Guardian
740:
730:
685:
681:
671:
659:. Retrieved
655:
646:
636:30 September
634:. Retrieved
630:the original
608:
602:
578:. Retrieved
573:
567:
556:
542:
535:gallotannins
525:
501:
497:
483:
469:
459:
454:
450:
439:
427:
425:
413:
391:
371:
352:
337:
335:
330:
326:horticulture
321:
320:
307:
296:
295:
254:North Africa
241:
240:
237:Distribution
226:
222:
218:
217:, including
215:common names
208:
203:
202:
201:
193:
192:
179:(L.), Karst.
169:
167:
151:
150:
138:
128:Tamaricaceae
101:
88:
75:
40:
24:
18:
1447:kew-2520285
1364:NatureServe
1276:iNaturalist
1019:Wikispecies
359:Finke River
292:Description
282:Afghanistan
276:, and into
266:Middle East
229:. It is an
95:Angiosperms
1668:Categories
1442:Plant List
1079:Calflora:
580:8 December
562:USDA, NRCS
549:References
543:T. aphylla
516:See also:
498:shakargaaz
402:shade tree
394:windbreaks
378:eucalyptus
343:aeroponics
300:November.
227:Athel pine
223:Athel tree
1536:Q87647069
1219:200014298
1193:200014298
1175:FloraBase
1089:Cal-IPC:
885:Scott, R.
704:0027-8424
537:found in
512:Chemistry
478:) and in
455:'phyllon'
400:and as a
355:Australia
349:Australia
231:evergreen
146:Species:
65:Kingdom:
1633:Tropicos
1599:263887-1
1530:Wikidata
1486:31100003
1481:Tropicos
1390:NSWFlora
1369:2.154868
1356:19178633
1317:11089185
1304:828051-1
1126:eFloraSA
1069:BioLib:
1010:Q2889746
1004:Wikidata
887:(1980).
797:29398848
722:37903263
713:10636306
564:(n.d.).
502:siahgaaz
457:"leaf".
278:Pakistan
268:and the
186:Synonyms
124:Family:
108:Eudicots
1674:Tamarix
1638:9400398
1612:1146705
1403:NTFlora
1242:2874704
1113:Ecocrop
939:10 July
788:5787124
522:glucose
518:galloyl
506:Saraiki
494:Baluchi
480:Punjabi
434:in the
432:Abraham
422:History
415:Tamarix
406:deserts
404:in the
361:in the
331:Tamarix
250:Algeria
246:Morocco
210:Tamarix
139:Tamarix
134:Genus:
114:Order:
69:Plantae
45:Algeria
1560:199413
1547:181989
1544:APDB:
1455:PLANTS
1421:690775
1382:189786
1229:TAMAPH
1226:FoIO:
1167:tamaph
1164:FEIS:
1144:585675
1072:219866
1057:ARKive
1033:APDB:
901:
795:
785:
720:
710:
702:
688:(45).
661:22 May
492:). In
470:farash
438:, was
284:, and
225:, and
1586:36577
1573:56NT2
1493:WoI:
1343:22306
1330:52483
1312:IRMNG
1288:IPA:
1281:56017
1268:36222
1201:FoAO2
1180:15741
1157:TAAAP
1118:10274
1105:54M9Z
1049:80023
1036:94954
933:(PDF)
922:(PDF)
539:galls
504:. In
484:kooan
466:Hindi
428:eshel
286:India
258:Egypt
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1620:POWO
1607:ITIS
1594:IPNI
1581:GRIN
1555:APNI
1496:1135
1468:POWO
1460:TAAP
1429:PfaF
1408:5734
1377:NCBI
1351:IUCN
1338:ITIS
1299:IPNI
1291:6505
1263:GRIN
1250:GISD
1237:GBIF
1152:EPPO
1082:7913
1044:APNI
941:2021
899:ISBN
853:2009
793:PMID
718:PMID
700:ISSN
663:2022
638:2009
582:2015
533:are
529:and
520:and
489:کواں
475:فراش
464:and
462:Urdu
317:Uses
274:Iran
248:and
1646:WFO
1568:CoL
1504:WFO
1325:ISC
1255:697
1214:FoC
1188:FNA
1139:EoL
1100:CoL
968:doi
958:".
783:PMC
775:doi
708:PMC
690:doi
686:120
541:of
500:or
460:In
451:'a'
252:in
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883:;
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821:.
805:^
791:.
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771:24
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