1944:(Rajaji) tried to impose Hindi as the national language, with Hindi taught in all Indian schools. This move was opposed by Periyar, who started an agitation that lasted for about three years. The agitation involved fasts, conferences, marches, picketing and protests. The government responded with a crackdown resulting in the death of two protesters and the arrest of 1,198 persons including women and children. The Congress Government of the Madras State, called in paramilitary forces to quell the agitation; their involvement resulted in the deaths of about seventy persons (by official estimates) including two policemen. Several Tamil leaders supported the continuation of the usage of English as the official language of India. To calm the situation, Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastri's assurance, as did the student agitation.
1623:, Tamil nationalism has been a permanent feature of the government of Tamil Nadu. The DMK came to power positively on the plank of opposing Hindi monopoly/imposition. Prior to coming to power, they also openly declared to fight for Tamil independence from India. But since the Indian government had added a new legislation that outlawed anyone wanting independence from India, under the sedition act, and that made political parties to lose their right to stand in election, the DMK dropped this demand. With this, the drive for secession became weaker with most mainstream political parties, except a few, who instead committed to development of Tamil Nadu within a united India. Most major Tamil Nadu regional parties such as DMK,
1340:
1296:
1912:
155:
38:
5910:
546:
2011:, a post-Sangam epic, posits cultural integrity for the entire Tamil region and has been interpreted by Parthasarathy as presenting "an expansive vision of the Tamil imperium" which "speaks for all Tamils." Subrahmanian sees in the epic the first expression of Tamil nationalism, while Parthasarathy says that the epic shows "the beginnings of Tamil separatism."
3698:
2043:
went one step further, declaring that people who were not Tamil lamented the fact that they were not born in a place where such a wonderful language was spoken. This trend was not universal, and there were also authors who sought to argue and work against Tamil distinctiveness through, amongst other
1715:
and the navy battling the latter's sea patrol, Indian Tamil MP's, including those supporting the Singh government in the DMK and PMK, threatened to resign en masse if the Indian government did not pressure the Lankan government to cease firing on civilians. In response, the Indian government reported
1611:
of North India. A new morphed ideology of
Dravidian nationalism gained momentum within the Tamil speakers during the 1930s and 1950s. Dravidian nationalism failed to find support outside of Tamil Nadu. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Nationalist ideologies lead to the argument by Tamil leaders that,
1895:. But we (DMK) kept aside that demand for our democracy and national integrity, So, I am saying this with the utmost humility. Our CM is travelling in Annaâs path so far, do not push us into following Periyarâs path. Do not make us revive our demand for a separate stateâ
2014:
Medieval Tamil texts also demonstrate features of modern Tamil linguistic purism, most notably the claim of parity of status with
Sanskrit which was traditionally seen in the rest of the Indian subcontinent as being a prestigious, trans-local language. Texts on
1730:
in Tamil Nadu. There is also deep resentment against India among some Tamils, that it aided the Sri Lankan state in the 2009 genocide. This led to minor incidents like Tamil nationalists turning out in support of the Eelam rebels when
Chennai-based
1803:, which lasted several days. Tamils from all over the world expressed their solidarity with the protesters in Tamil Nadu. The government claimed that anti-national elements would be among the protesters who raised slogans for a separate
1612:
at a minimum, that Tamils must have self-determination or, at maximum, secession from India. By the late 1960, the political parties who were espousing
Dravidian ideologies gained power only within the state of Tamil Nadu.
1975:â had its application rejected by the central government earlier, which said it was advised to do so by the Supreme Court. In 2006, the law ministry said that it would not object to Tamil Nadu state's desire to conduct
1772:
2713:
1461:, with the aim of lessening the numerical presence of minorities as well as monopolising traditionally shared economic activities such as agriculture and fisheries, which have been part of the livelihood of
2868:
2027:
in terms of literary prestige, and use the rhetorical device of describing Tamil as a beautiful young lady and as a pure, divine language both of which are also central in modern Tamil nationalism.
1963:- have been granted the right to conduct proceedings in their High Courts in their official language, which, for all of them, was Hindi. However, the only non-Hindi state to seek a similar power â
2695:
5286:
2842:
2696:"Hip Hop Tamizha Adhi distances from Jallikattu protests, says it has lost direction which had no impact on the protests until Tamil Nadu police used a brute force to arrest agitators"
1688:
1607:. Dravidian Nationalism was popularised by a series of small movements and organisations who contended that the South Indians composed a cultural entity that was different from the
2906:
3730:
2946:
1815:
distanced himself from the protest, because he felt uncomfortable with the anti-national and secessionist elements in the protests. Tamil cinema actor turned politician
2721:
2641:
1695:(TNRT) founded by P. Ravichandran in the late-1980s. TNRT, a Tamil Nationalist organization, fought for an independent Tamil homeland and followed the goal to unite
3422:
1887:âPrime Minister Narendra Modi says all states are to be seen the same, and Home Minister Amit Shah says if you want unity, learn Hindi. The partyâs founding father
1679:
between the
Majority Sinhalese and indigenous Tamils lead the Tamil nationalism in India to take a new shape. In India small Tamil militant groups emerged such as
1458:
1764:
2762:
1512:
by India, Malaysia, the
European Union, Canada, and the USA. The civil war came to an end in 2009 with the military defeat of LTTE and the death of its leader,
1326:
4027:
1899:
DMK immediately distanced itself from the comments and said that the comments made in support of a separate nation is not the stand of the party. Tamil Nadu
1663:
incorporating Tamil speaking areas of India and Sri Lanka. In 1960, the party organized a statewide protest which demanded the establishment of a sovereign
5960:
2932:
2785:
2587:
2035:
commentators took the claim of divinity one step further, claiming for Tamil a liturgical status, and seeking to endow Tamil texts with the status of a "
2465:
2280:
2816:
1727:
2623:
2262:
1871:
said that the Union government is not giving the state autonomy and the Prime
Minister and the Home Minister should not force them into demanding a "
1756:, here only Tamils should rule in Tamil Nadu and to spread the importance of Tamil language and unity of Tamils, irrespective of religion and caste.
2569:
1624:
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2136:
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5532:
5502:
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1455:
5527:
5452:
4244:
4208:
3299:
Abraham, Shinu (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using archaeological evidence to identify the Tamil kingdoms of early historic South India",
2097:
203:
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3006:
2961:
1935:
3074:
5693:
3918:
3716:
3365:
Cutler, Norman; Peterson, Indira
Viswanathan; Piáž·áž·Äáč; Carman, John; Narayanan, Vasudha; Pillan (1991), "Tamil Bhakti in Translation",
213:
55:
3586:
Peterson, Indira V. (1982), "Singing of a Place: Pilgrimage as
Metaphor and Motif in the TÄvÄram Songs of the Tamil Ćaivite Saints",
5229:
3577:
3522:
3432:
2347:
1549:
1319:
1075:
457:
330:
218:
121:
1454:, which severely threatened the status of Tamil as a minority language, as well as hindering the social mobility of Tamil speakers.
1819:
claimed that seeking a separate country for Tamils is not anti-national and that many political leaders have done so in the past.
1431:) amid the increasing political and physical violence against ordinary Tamils by the Sri Lankan government which was dominated by
4020:
3933:
3877:
1711:
In
October 2008, amid intensified in shelling on Tamil civilian areas by the Sri Lankan military, with the army moving in on the
1505:
1489:
574:
208:
181:
102:
5778:
5633:
4882:
4689:
2298:
2174:
1692:
2023:
such as the 10th century Yaapparungalakkaarihai and the 11th century Veerasoazhiyam, for example, treat Tamil as the equal of
2007:. The poems of Sangam literature imply a consciousness of independence or separateness from neighbouring regions. Similarly,
1675:
left out) were burnt. The We Tamils party lost the elections of 1962 and was merged in 1967 with the DMK. The outbreak of the
74:
5482:
5437:
4694:
4515:
3831:
1628:
1432:
616:
59:
1752:
arose 18 May 2010 as a result of the bloody end of the Sri Lankan civil war. Main agenda of this party is the liberation of
1533:
5945:
5572:
5567:
5497:
5457:
5442:
5224:
5179:
4799:
4447:
1737:
was alleged to have been supporting the Government of Sri Lanka. Editor-in-Chief of The Hindu, N Ram named members of the
5900:
81:
5738:
5683:
5653:
5562:
5557:
5537:
5522:
5447:
5427:
4525:
4437:
4213:
3964:
3840:
2067:
1840:
1796:
1760:
1414:
1312:
532:
3702:
3421:
Kohli, A. (2004), "Federalism and the Accommodation of Ethnic Nationalism", in Amoretti, Ugo M.; Bermeo, Nancy (eds.),
5950:
5194:
4417:
4367:
4013:
3785:
1181:
1101:
225:
5940:
5930:
5552:
5432:
4463:
3761:
1680:
1447:
1268:
1166:
499:
88:
48:
5512:
5234:
4726:
4422:
3979:
3959:
3954:
3949:
1876:
1738:
1616:
1572:
1493:
995:
927:
920:
808:
370:
1742:
1236:
1231:
5829:
5487:
5291:
4203:
3535:, Annamalai University Dept. of Political Science Monograph series, No. 2, Annamalainagar: Annamalai University
1568:
850:
845:
375:
191:
3481:
Moorti, S. (2004), "Fashioning a Cosmopolitan Tamil Identity: Game Shows, Commodities and Cultural Identity",
2379:
Moorti, S. (2004). "Fashioning a Cosmopolitan Tamil Identity: Game Shows, Commodities and Cultural Identity".
70:
5883:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
3090:
2125:
India, Sri Lanka and the Tamil crisis, 1976â1994: an international perspective (1995), Alan J. Bullion, p.32.
1771:. Tamil organizations, parties and the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu demand an International Investigation of
1540:
committed against ethnic Tamils by the Sri Lanka, government. Following the conclusion of the Civil War, the
5935:
5849:
5271:
4804:
4743:
4647:
4558:
4473:
4352:
3775:
2515:
2483:
2200:
1940:
The anti-Hindi agitation was a form of resistance to the imposition of the Hindi language throughout India.
1553:
1541:
1049:
2244:
5219:
5109:
4887:
4851:
4733:
4578:
4427:
3923:
3337:
Clooney, Francis X. (1992), "Extending the Canon: Some Implications of a Hindu Argument about Scripture",
3116:
2451:
2437:
2414:
2092:
2082:
2003:
movement has pre-modern antecedents, in a "loyalty to Tamil" (as opposed to Sanskrit) visible in ancient
1509:
1481:
1477:
1443:
1420:
1156:
1146:
517:
472:
462:
235:
2369:
Caste, Nationalism and Ethnicity: An Interpretation of Tamil Cultural History and Social Order, p. 57-71.
5542:
5507:
5492:
5371:
5199:
5189:
5154:
5149:
5134:
5114:
5078:
4861:
4831:
4821:
4811:
4706:
4485:
4442:
4412:
4390:
4337:
4260:
4171:
3989:
3984:
3881:
3791:
3540:
Pandian, M.S.S. (1994), "Notes on the transformation of 'Dravidian' ideology: Tamilnadu, c. 1900â1940",
2316:
2057:
1632:
1600:
1387:
1206:
949:
944:
870:
813:
764:
522:
477:
365:
171:
2116:
Religious Nationalism: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook, Atalia Omer, Jason A. Springs (2013)
1722:
a Tamil journalist and activist in Tamil Nadu committed suicide, because the government failed to save
2547:
1366:
constitute a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Tamil people. Tamil nationalism is primarily a
5748:
5547:
5396:
5356:
5331:
5174:
5144:
5129:
5119:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5047:
5008:
4902:
4779:
4774:
4753:
4716:
4684:
4652:
4642:
4621:
4548:
4432:
4347:
4307:
4134:
4081:
3928:
3801:
2869:"Don't nudge us to seek independent Tamil Nadu: DMK's A. Raja seeks autonomy with CM Stalin on stage"
1745:, some lawyers, and law college students as responsible for incidents of vandalism at their offices.
1676:
1517:
1473:
1424:
1131:
1039:
1000:
990:
954:
915:
865:
828:
786:
769:
742:
641:
591:
567:
409:
176:
2140:
5798:
5678:
5472:
5411:
5376:
5281:
5184:
5139:
5104:
5068:
5063:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4972:
4918:
4866:
4856:
4789:
4758:
4711:
4616:
4532:
4505:
4468:
4395:
4362:
4342:
4312:
4198:
4098:
3846:
3816:
3811:
3771:
2843:"Making 'Separate Country' Comment, DMK's A Raja Cites Periyar, But He Dumped The Dream 66 Yrs Ago"
1852:
1844:
1749:
1640:
1253:
1216:
1211:
1196:
1005:
959:
880:
749:
433:
290:
3029:
5884:
5834:
5587:
5467:
5341:
5316:
5124:
5042:
5013:
4962:
4952:
4897:
4892:
4826:
4816:
4794:
4748:
4626:
4594:
4510:
4495:
4490:
4357:
4265:
4223:
4129:
4119:
4114:
4093:
4076:
4036:
3898:
3872:
3826:
3796:
3766:
3669:
3640:
3632:
3603:
3557:
3498:
3470:
3410:
3382:
3354:
3326:
2396:
1941:
1660:
1580:
1171:
1044:
983:
978:
900:
885:
874:
833:
803:
791:
774:
754:
724:
425:
295:
270:
5477:
2162:
Scarred Communities: Psychosocial Impact of Man-made and Natural Disasters on Sri Lankan Society
1855:
by raising an unofficial flag for Tamil Nadu proceeded by Naam Tamilar Katchi among the public.
3121:
3058:
3016:
2971:
1795:
was seen by Tamils as an attack on their culture and identity. In 2017, it came to a statewide
95:
5859:
5844:
5638:
5326:
5018:
4967:
4923:
4784:
4721:
4553:
4325:
4317:
4218:
4155:
3974:
3862:
3573:
3518:
3428:
2979:
2876:
2343:
2335:
2004:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1776:
1767:. The students demanded justice for Sri Lankan Tamils and a UN referendum on the formation of
1723:
1668:
1576:
1462:
1391:
1371:
1151:
1136:
1111:
966:
932:
910:
818:
796:
781:
759:
691:
666:
661:
527:
429:
397:
381:
335:
5773:
5582:
5462:
4977:
4957:
4573:
4568:
4500:
4480:
4374:
4302:
4270:
4150:
4066:
3969:
3806:
3781:
3661:
3624:
3595:
3549:
3490:
3462:
3402:
3374:
3346:
3316:
3308:
3071:
2907:"DMK's A Raja says don't push us to walk Periyar's path for separate Tamil Nadu, sparks row"
2786:"'Propagates separatism' â A. Raja's 'separate Tamil Nadu' comment draws BJP, AIADMK rebuke"
2388:
1545:
1485:
1451:
1427:, Tamil nationalists in Sri Lanka have repeatedly attempted to create an independent state (
1221:
1121:
1106:
1096:
1059:
1054:
905:
631:
385:
345:
340:
265:
3615:
Ramaswamy, Sumathi (October 1993). "En/gendering Language: The Poetics of Tamil Identity".
3091:"Government of Tamil Nadu : Archives of Press Releases â Tamil Nadu Government Portal"
5753:
5723:
5248:
4657:
4563:
4400:
3078:
3036:
2991:
2529:
2484:"Indian journalist's self-immolation was an attempt to prevent Sri Lanka's Tamil Genocide"
2045:
1656:
1501:
1492:(LTTE) were created to safeguard the interest and rights of Tamils in their own land. The
1383:
1300:
1226:
1126:
895:
890:
855:
823:
686:
636:
626:
621:
560:
417:
405:
401:
393:
285:
5803:
1999:
itself is a modern phenomenon, the expression of linguistic identity found in the modern
1508:. Persistent use of violence, including assassinations, led the LTTE to be declared as a
3652:
Steever, Sanford (1987), "Review of Hellmar-Rajanayagam, Tamil als politisches Symbol",
1687:. After his death, the group is believed to have splintered into factions. The TNLA was
17:
5708:
5688:
5256:
4405:
3448:
2016:
2008:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1916:
1848:
1812:
1639:(MDMK) frequently participate as coalition partners of other pan-Indian parties in the
1439:
1116:
838:
676:
484:
413:
389:
358:
305:
280:
260:
138:
1295:
5924:
5351:
5346:
5301:
5296:
5276:
4599:
4275:
3994:
3644:
3511:
3502:
3474:
3358:
3330:
2400:
1952:
1719:
1620:
1557:
1370:
nationalism, that focus on language and homeland. It expresses itself in the form of
1141:
1032:
671:
651:
646:
421:
300:
253:
186:
5914:
5880:
5768:
5618:
5381:
5366:
5336:
5306:
5266:
2062:
1880:
1832:
1816:
1529:
1263:
1091:
714:
681:
656:
550:
494:
441:
437:
310:
275:
240:
2817:"DMK MP Raja's heated pitch on 'separate Tamil Nadu', autonomy sets off fiery row"
1911:
154:
5839:
5808:
5788:
5668:
5623:
5577:
5406:
5391:
5386:
5321:
5261:
4738:
4611:
3821:
3739:
2072:
2028:
1996:
1780:
1768:
1753:
1700:
1608:
1604:
1513:
1428:
1379:
1186:
1176:
1015:
599:
467:
37:
2933:"Amit Shah Pushes for Hindi; Tamil Nadu BJP Chief Annamalai Says 'Won't Allow'"
1571:
who aim to create an independent Tamil Eelam in peaceful democratic means. The
5854:
5698:
5628:
4124:
4086:
3628:
3466:
3350:
2036:
2000:
1964:
1924:
1828:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1664:
1588:
1525:
1497:
1405:, Tamil separatist movements have been actively suppressed in both countries.
1375:
1352:
1280:
1248:
1201:
860:
729:
719:
709:
489:
3494:
2880:
2660:"On the fringes of jallikattu protests, Tamil nationalism attempts to emerge"
2392:
5758:
5743:
5733:
5728:
5673:
5658:
4947:
4071:
3708:
3533:
Changing Contours of Ethnic Movement: A Case Study of the Dravidian Movement
3053:
3011:
2966:
2087:
1960:
1864:
1836:
1733:
1644:
1528:
against the civilian Sri Lankan Tamil people during the final months of the
1402:
1161:
198:
3451:(2000), "The many lives of Dandin: The Kavyadarsha in Sanskrit and Tamil",
1847:
each hoisted different self-proclaimed Tamil Nadu flags on 1 November 2020
3697:
3312:
2714:"People seeking separate Tamil Nadu are not anti-nationals"- Kamal Haasan"
1659:
founded the "We Tamils" party who supported the creation of a homogeneous
5783:
5718:
5643:
5517:
5401:
3866:
3373:(4), Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 111, No. 4: 768â775,
2624:"Tamil Nadu Assembly Calls for Probe Into Sri Lanka's Alleged War Crimes"
2040:
2032:
2024:
1591:
to address that Tamil rights are still refused by Sri Lankan Government.
1537:
1275:
1258:
1191:
971:
2281:"Sri Lanka: TNA threatens to quit constitution process if terms not met"
5793:
5763:
5713:
5703:
5608:
5361:
5311:
4330:
4239:
3594:(1), Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 102, No. 1: 69â90,
3561:
3517:, Studies in Comparative Religion, University of South Carolina Press,
3414:
3393:
Kailasapathy, K. (1979), "The Tamil Purist Movement: A re-evaluation",
3321:
2226:
2020:
1888:
1868:
1544:(TNA) dropped their demand for an independent Tamil Eelam in favour of
1367:
1010:
937:
3673:
3636:
3607:
3386:
5663:
5648:
5613:
5603:
4005:
1584:
1469:
1363:
1243:
1025:
1020:
608:
323:
164:
146:
3553:
3406:
3665:
3599:
3378:
1488:
against Tamils protesting against these acts, guerilla groups like
5813:
2427:
Dynamics of Tamil Nadu Politics in Sri Lankan Ethnicity, capter IV
1948:
1910:
1867:
Hindi proposal to be the nationwide link language, DMK politician
1808:
1398:
1338:
230:
1716:
it had upped the ante on the Lankan government to ease tensions.
2077:
1712:
4009:
3712:
3427:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 281â299,
3030:
Silobreaker: Make Tamil the language of Madras High Court: Karu
2763:"Police book NTK functionaries for hoisting 'Tamil Nadu' flag"
2642:"Tamil Nadu witnesses sudden surge in protests for Jallikattu"
1900:
1879:
local body representatives, in the presence of Chief Minister
31:
2678:"Anti-nationals infiltrated pro-jallikattu protests, says CM"
1603:
which consisted of all the four major Dravidian languages in
3570:
The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal: An Epic of South India
1691:. Another banned Tamil secessionist group in India was the
1521:
3253:
2299:"Large crowds gather at 'Eluga Tamil' rally in Batticaloa"
1839:
is proposed for Tamil Nadu by various Tamil nationalists.
1524:. The Sri Lankan Government are alleged to have committed
2263:"TNA reiterates self determination, North-East re-merger"
1875:" (separate nation) while speaking at a meeting held for
1851:. The police warned and booked members for violating the
1556:
is opposed by the Sri Lankan Government, which prefers a
2336:"Federalism and the Accommodation of Ethnic Nationalism"
1903:
chief K. Annamalai even opposed Amit Shah's Hindi push.
1599:
Indian Tamil Nationalism comprises the vast majority of
1500:
in 1983 finally led to over 25 years of war between the
3513:
The Vernacular Veda: Revelation, Recitation, and Ritual
2588:"Jayalalithaa calls for a referendum on separate Eelam"
2227:"Permanent Peoples' Tribunal verdict on Tamil Genocide"
1863:
On 3 July 2022, as a response to Indian Home Minister
5898:
2245:"Sri Lankan Tamil alliance drops independence demand"
1831:
does not have its own state flag and a flag like the
1520:
led to death of over 100,000 people according to the
3007:"No objection to Tamil as court language: A.P. Shah"
1728:
widespread strikes, demonstrations and public unrest
1683:
led by Thamizharasan, who aspired to an independent
5822:
5596:
5420:
5247:
5212:
5167:
5097:
5056:
5031:
4986:
4936:
4911:
4875:
4840:
4767:
4677:
4670:
4635:
4587:
4541:
4456:
4383:
4295:
4288:
4253:
4232:
4191:
4184:
4164:
4143:
4107:
4059:
4052:
4043:
3942:
3911:
3891:
3855:
3754:
3747:
3548:(5/6), Social Scientist, Vol. 22, No. 5/6: 84â104,
2175:"Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN"
1967:, which sought the right to conduct proceedings in
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3510:
2570:"Students across Tamil Nadu join anti-Lanka stir"
1859:2022 response to Amit Shah's Hindi unity proposal
1457:. In addition, the government also initiated the
3165:
3163:
2962:"Karunanidhi stands firm on Tamil in High Court"
3401:(10), Social Scientist, Vol. 7, No. 10: 23â51,
3049:"Karunanidhi hopeful of Centre's announcement"
2544:"Seeman calls for vote bank to protect Tamils"
1765:Students Federation for Freedom of Tamil Eelam
4021:
3724:
3193:
3181:
2498:"Indian forces took part in Lankan war: Plea"
1919:speakers in South India and Sri Lanka (1961).
1438:Shortly after the island's independence from
1320:
568:
8:
3281:
3169:
2530:"Russia and India to sell arms to Sri Lanka"
1987:allowed lawyers to argue cases in Tamil ...
2970:, Chennai, India, p. 1, archived from
2606:"T.N. Assembly demands referendum on Eelam"
2201:"Sri Lanka: New Evidence of Wartime Abuses"
5879:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
5523:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
5035:
4940:
4844:
4674:
4292:
4188:
4056:
4049:
4028:
4014:
4006:
3751:
3731:
3717:
3709:
3623:(4). Cambridge University Press: 683â725.
3617:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1327:
1313:
586:
575:
561:
133:
3320:
3229:
3217:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3654:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3588:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3367:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3241:
3112:"Advocate argues in Tamil in High Court"
2745:"Activists warned against hoisting flag"
2546:. The New Indian Express. Archived from
2452:"Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT)"
1625:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1450:stateless. The government also passed a
5905:
3572:, New York: Columbia University Press,
3277:
3265:
3154:
3142:
2960:Special Correspondent (12 March 2007),
2466:"India asks Lanka to protect civilians"
2317:"'Eluga Tamil' demonstration in Jaffna"
2109:
1651:Tamil secessionist and militants groups
1565:Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam
1442:, the Sri Lankan government passed the
1362:is the ideology which asserts that the
1351:in Tamil) outside a public building in
598:
145:
5483:Galician independence movement (Spain)
3684:, Madras: Christian Literature Society
3454:International Journal of Hindu Studies
3205:
2987:
2977:
1637:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1583:" ("Arise, Tamils") rally in northern
5533:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5503:Inner Mongolian independence movement
2901:
2899:
2897:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2780:
2778:
2776:
7:
5528:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5453:East Turkestan independence movement
3424:Federalism and Territorial Cleavages
2340:Federalism and Territorial Cleavages
2039:." Vaishnavite commentators such as
1983:. In 2010, the Chief Justice of the
1858:
1459:state-sponsored colonisation schemes
60:adding citations to reliable sources
3682:An introduction to Tamil literature
2743:Kumar, S. Vijay (31 October 2020).
2438:"Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA)"
1936:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
1615:Since the 1969 election victory of
5961:Nationalist movements in Sri Lanka
1841:Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam
25:
3015:. 3 December 2006. Archived from
2415:"We Tamils party S. P. Adithanar"
1689:banned by the Government of India
1446:, which made more than a million
1076:List of nationalist organizations
458:Religion in ancient Tamil country
5908:
3934:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
3696:
1726:. His death instantly triggered
1490:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
1423:in 1976 under the leadership of
1294:
544:
182:Sources of ancient Tamil history
153:
36:
27:Ideology based on a Tamil nation
5634:Basque Country (greater region)
5493:Guangdong Independence Movement
3057:. 21 April 2008. Archived from
1787:Protests against Jallikattu ban
1693:Tamil National Retrieval Troops
47:needs additional citations for
5438:Assyrian independence movement
3339:The Harvard Theological Review
3120:. 23 June 2010. Archived from
1991:Basis in pre-modern literature
1703:to be a Greater Tamil Nation.
1667:. During the protest maps of
1629:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
1433:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
1167:Historiography and nationalism
617:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
1:
5956:Nationalist movements in Asia
5573:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
5568:Tibetan independence movement
5498:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5458:Faroese independence movement
5443:Catalan independence movement
1707:Support for Sri Lankan Tamils
1259:Seasonal or cultural festival
5654:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
5563:Taiwan independence movement
5538:Ryukyu independence movement
5448:Champa independence movement
5428:Alsace independence movement
3965:Indian independence movement
3483:Media, Culture & Society
2516:"Sri Lanka: A call for arms"
2381:Media, Culture & Society
2139:. Hindu News. Archived from
2068:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism
1748:The Tamil nationalist party
1575:(TPC) led by chief minister
1415:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism
533:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism
5518:Mapuche separatist movement
3919:Balawaristan National Front
3509:Narayanan, Vasudha (1994),
1891:, until death, demanded a
1102:Anti-globalization movement
226:Chronology of Tamil history
5977:
5553:Silesian Autonomy Movement
5433:Assam separatist movements
4588:Northern & Middle Asia
3568:Parthasarathy, R. (1993),
2164:by Daya Somasundaram, 2014
1933:
1922:
1775:and a UN referendum among
1759:2013 it came to series of
1743:Thamizh Thesiya Periyakkam
1681:Tamil Nadu Liberation Army
1419:Since the adoption of the
1412:
1397:Since the independence of
1232:Principle of nationalities
500:Christianity in Tamil Nadu
5870:
5558:Székely autonomy movement
5038:
4943:
4847:
3980:Punjabi Language Movement
3960:Bengali language movement
3955:Bangladesh Liberation War
3950:Insurgency in Balochistan
3680:Subrahmanian, N. (1981),
3629:10.1017/S0010417500018673
3531:Palanithurai, G. (1989),
3467:10.1007/s11407-000-0001-x
3351:10.1017/S0017816000028856
2137:"TULF leader passes away"
1739:Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam
1641:Union Government of India
1617:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1536:verdict declared it as a
1494:burning of Jaffna library
809:Constitutional patriotism
371:Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora
5488:Greenlandic independence
3495:10.1177/0163443704044217
2393:10.1177/0163443704044217
1569:Visvanathan Rudrakumaran
1343:A lightboard that reads
376:Malaysian Tamil diaspora
192:Keezhadi excavation site
18:Tamil ethnic nationalism
1797:pro-jallikattu protests
1761:Anti-Sri Lanka protests
1554:Federalism in Sri Lanka
1542:Tamil National Alliance
1465:since time immemorial.
1448:Tamils of Indian origin
1444:Citizenship Act of 1948
5513:MÄori protest movement
3924:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
3117:The New Indian Express
2093:Politics of Tamil Nadu
2083:Velupillai Prabhakaran
1920:
1897:
1573:Tamil People's Council
1567:(TGTE) was founded by
1550:North Eastern Province
1510:terrorist organization
1421:Vaddukoddai Resolution
1356:
1157:Gender and nationalism
518:Politics of Tamil Nadu
473:Hinduism in Tamil Nadu
463:Religion in Tamil Nadu
5543:Scottish independence
5508:Kashubian Association
5230:Indigenous Australian
3990:Self-Respect Movement
3985:Punjabi Suba movement
3313:10.1353/asi.2003.0031
2058:Dravidian Nationalism
1934:Further information:
1914:
1885:
1823:Demand for state flag
1773:Sri Lankan war crimes
1633:Pattali Makkal Katchi
1601:Dravidian Nationalism
1388:Self-Respect Movement
1342:
1207:National indifference
523:Dravidian nationalism
478:Hinduism in Sri Lanka
366:Indian Tamil diaspora
172:History of Tamil Nadu
5946:Nationalism in India
5749:Marathi Abhimaangeet
5548:Siberian regionalism
3929:Jathika Hela Urumaya
3705:at Wikimedia Commons
2875:. PTI. 4 July 2022.
2700:newindianexpress.com
1779:on the formation of
1677:Sri Lankan civil war
1518:Sri Lankan civil war
1425:S.J.V. Chelvanayakam
1132:Cultural nationalism
1001:National syndicalist
434:Tamil New Zealanders
410:Tamil South Africans
177:History of Sri Lanka
56:improve this article
5840:American Indigenous
5473:Free Papua Movement
4883:Balkar and Karachay
4678:Southeastern Europe
4209:Indigenous Canadian
3157:, pp. 211, 217
2305:. 10 February 2017.
1853:Indian constitution
1845:Naam Tamilar Katchi
1799:in Indian state of
1750:Naam Tamilar Katchi
1301:Politics portal
1254:Right-wing populism
1212:Nationalism studies
71:"Tamil nationalism"
5951:Dravidian movement
5885:ethnic nationalism
5588:Welsh independence
5468:Free Aceh Movement
4700:in North Macedonia
4542:South-eastern Asia
4037:Ethnic nationalism
3301:Asian Perspectives
3268:, pp. 205â206
3254:Cutler et al. 1991
3220:, pp. 690â698
3194:Parthasarathy 1993
3182:Parthasarathy 1993
3077:2008-04-25 at the
3035:2008-12-30 at the
3019:on 7 January 2007.
2990:has generic name (
2821:The Indian Express
2724:on 26 January 2017
2666:. 23 January 2017.
2472:. 18 October 2008.
2470:The Times Of India
2334:Kohli, A. (2004).
2303:colombogazette.com
2287:. 15 January 2017.
2205:Human Rights Watch
2143:on 24 January 2009
1942:C. Rajagopalachari
1921:
1661:Greater Tamil Nadu
1360:Tamil nationalism
1357:
1172:Imagined community
1006:National Bolshevik
725:Self-determination
5941:Politics of India
5931:Tamil nationalism
5896:
5895:
5639:Catalan Countries
5243:
5242:
5208:
5207:
5163:
5162:
5027:
5026:
4932:
4931:
4666:
4665:
4284:
4283:
4180:
4179:
4003:
4002:
3975:Pakistan Movement
3907:
3906:
3703:Tamil nationalism
3701:Media related to
3282:Kailasapathy 1979
3170:Subrahmanian 1981
3072:indianexpress.com
3061:on 30 April 2008.
2947:"Bar & Bench"
2532:. Tamil Guardian.
2486:. salem-news.com.
2005:Sangam literature
1985:Madras High Court
1977:Madras High Court
1907:Linguistic purism
1811:The Tamil rapper
1777:Sri Lankan Tamils
1763:initiated by the
1724:Sri Lankan Tamils
1669:Republic of India
1577:C. V. Vigneswaran
1546:regional autonomy
1532:phase in 2009. A
1468:After anti-Tamil
1463:Sri Lankan Tamils
1392:Tamil Renaissance
1372:linguistic purism
1337:
1336:
1152:Gastronationalism
1137:Diaspora politics
1112:Banal nationalism
585:
584:
528:Tamil Nationalism
430:Tamil Seychellois
398:Tamil Indonesians
382:Tamil Australians
336:Sri Lankan Tamils
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
5968:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5904:
5889:
5774:Republika Srpska
5583:Walloon Movement
5463:Flemish Movement
5036:
4941:
4845:
4675:
4293:
4189:
4057:
4050:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4007:
3970:Kashmir conflict
3841:Sri Lankan Tamil
3752:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3700:
3685:
3676:
3648:
3610:
3582:
3564:
3542:Social Scientist
3536:
3527:
3516:
3505:
3477:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3417:
3395:Social Scientist
3389:
3361:
3333:
3324:
3285:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3208:, pp. 12â13
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3172:, pp. 23â24
3167:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3045:
3039:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:on 13 March 2007
2957:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2935:. 14 April 2022.
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2813:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2771:
2770:
2769:. November 2020.
2759:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2720:. Archived from
2710:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2682:tribuneindia.com
2674:
2668:
2667:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2612:. 27 March 2013.
2602:
2596:
2595:
2594:. 27 March 2013.
2584:
2578:
2577:
2576:. 18 March 2013.
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2550:on 18 April 2015
2540:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2504:. 15 April 2014.
2494:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
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2411:
2405:
2404:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2251:. 14 March 2010.
2241:
2235:
2234:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2098:Perunchithiranar
2009:Silappadhikaaram
1915:Distribution of
1486:police brutality
1452:Sinhala Only Act
1329:
1322:
1315:
1299:
1298:
1240:
1222:Plurinationalism
1182:Internationalism
1122:Communitarianism
1107:Anti-imperialism
1097:Anti-nationalism
1086:Related concepts
587:
577:
570:
563:
551:Tamil portal
549:
548:
547:
426:Tamil Pakistanis
418:Tamil Mauritians
346:Singapore Tamils
341:Malaysian Tamils
157:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
5976:
5975:
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5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5899:
5897:
5892:
5874:
5866:
5818:
5754:Northern Epirus
5724:Ketuanan Melayu
5592:
5478:Future of Ă
land
5416:
5352:Native American
5249:Pan-nationalism
5239:
5204:
5168:Northern Europe
5159:
5093:
5052:
5032:Southern Europe
5023:
4982:
4928:
4907:
4871:
4836:
4763:
4662:
4631:
4583:
4537:
4452:
4379:
4280:
4249:
4228:
4219:Native American
4176:
4165:Southern Africa
4160:
4139:
4103:
4045:
4039:
4034:
4004:
3999:
3938:
3903:
3887:
3851:
3743:
3737:
3693:
3688:
3679:
3651:
3614:
3585:
3580:
3567:
3554:10.2307/3517904
3539:
3530:
3525:
3508:
3480:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3407:10.2307/3516775
3392:
3364:
3336:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3124:on 2 April 2015
3110:
3109:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3079:Wayback Machine
3070:
3066:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3037:Wayback Machine
3028:
3024:
3005:
3004:
3000:
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2976:
2959:
2958:
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2926:
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2914:
2911:Hindustan Times
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2528:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2454:. www.satp.org.
2450:
2449:
2445:
2440:. www.satp.org.
2436:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2378:
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2373:
2368:
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2274:
2269:. 25 July 2015.
2261:
2260:
2256:
2243:
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2238:
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2208:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2054:
2046:Sanskritisation
1993:
1979:proceedings in
1938:
1932:
1927:
1909:
1861:
1825:
1789:
1709:
1657:S. P. Adithanar
1653:
1597:
1502:Sri Lankan army
1417:
1411:
1384:Social equality
1378:"), linguistic
1345:Long live Tamil
1333:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1234:
1127:Cosmopolitanism
1087:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1064:
745:
735:
734:
705:
697:
696:
612:
581:
545:
543:
538:
537:
513:
505:
504:
453:
445:
444:
406:Tamil Americans
402:Tamil Canadians
380:
361:
351:
350:
326:
316:
315:
256:
246:
245:
167:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5974:
5972:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5936:Tamil politics
5933:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5709:Karakalpakstan
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5689:East Turkestan
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
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5245:
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5237:
5232:
5227:
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5216:
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5210:
5209:
5206:
5205:
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5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5165:
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5160:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5095:
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5092:
5091:
5086:
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5045:
5039:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4987:United Kingdom
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4937:Western Europe
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4876:North Caucasus
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4841:Eastern Europe
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4768:Central Europe
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4749:Romani (Gypsy)
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4681:
4679:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4636:South Caucasus
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4605:South Mongolia
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
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4458:
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4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
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4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
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4025:
4018:
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3998:
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3987:
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3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3692:
3691:External links
3689:
3687:
3686:
3677:
3666:10.2307/602864
3660:(2): 355â356,
3649:
3612:
3600:10.2307/601112
3583:
3578:
3565:
3537:
3528:
3523:
3506:
3489:(4): 549â567,
3478:
3445:
3433:
3418:
3390:
3379:10.2307/603406
3362:
3345:(2): 197â215,
3334:
3307:(2): 207â223,
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3280:, p. 87;
3270:
3258:
3256:, p. 770.
3246:
3234:
3230:Narayanan 1994
3222:
3218:Ramaswamy 1993
3210:
3198:
3186:
3184:, pp. 1â2
3174:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3103:
3082:
3064:
3040:
3022:
2998:
2952:
2938:
2924:
2893:
2860:
2834:
2803:
2772:
2754:
2735:
2718:indiaglitz.com
2705:
2687:
2669:
2651:
2633:
2615:
2597:
2592:indiatimes.com
2579:
2574:indiatimes.com
2561:
2535:
2521:
2518:. India Today.
2507:
2502:Times Of India
2489:
2475:
2457:
2443:
2429:
2420:
2406:
2387:(4): 549â567.
2371:
2362:
2348:
2326:
2321:dailymirror.lk
2308:
2290:
2285:Indian express
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2218:
2192:
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2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
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2070:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2050:
1992:
1989:
1957:Madhya Pradesh
1947:Four states â
1931:
1928:
1923:Main article:
1908:
1905:
1860:
1857:
1849:Tamil Nadu Day
1824:
1821:
1813:Hiphop Tamizha
1788:
1785:
1708:
1705:
1652:
1649:
1596:
1593:
1552:. The idea of
1548:in a remerged
1522:United Nations
1413:Main article:
1410:
1407:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1269:in Catholicism
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
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1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
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1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Civil religion
1114:
1109:
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1080:
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923:
913:
908:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
842:
841:
839:Ethnopluralism
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
800:
799:
794:
789:
779:
778:
777:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
741:
740:
737:
736:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
607:
606:
603:
602:
596:
595:
583:
582:
580:
579:
572:
565:
557:
554:
553:
540:
539:
536:
535:
530:
525:
520:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
485:Tamil Buddhism
482:
481:
480:
475:
465:
460:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
414:Myanmar Tamils
394:Tamil Italians
390:British Tamils
379:
378:
373:
368:
362:
359:Tamil diaspora
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
281:Numeral system
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
238:
236:Tamil Kingdoms
233:
228:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
196:
195:
194:
184:
179:
174:
168:
163:
162:
159:
158:
150:
149:
143:
142:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5973:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5916:
5906:
5902:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5881:ethnic groups
5878:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Local (China)
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5694:Herzeg-Bosnia
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
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5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5236:
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5231:
5228:
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5221:
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5215:
5211:
5201:
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5166:
5156:
5153:
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5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
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5118:
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5111:
5108:
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5103:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
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5077:
5075:
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5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4474:in Bangladesh
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:Southern Asia
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:South America
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:North America
4190:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
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4019:
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4011:
4008:
3996:
3995:Urdu movement
3993:
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3912:Organisations
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3759:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3742:in South Asia
3741:
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3609:
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3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3579:0-231-07848-X
3575:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3524:0-87249-965-0
3520:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3504:
3500:
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3492:
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3484:
3479:
3476:
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3455:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:0-8018-7408-4
3430:
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3408:
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3306:
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3291:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3242:Peterson 1982
3238:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3196:, p. 344
3195:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3145:, p. 355
3144:
3139:
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3119:
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3113:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3083:
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3056:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2913:. 4 July 2022
2912:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2849:. 6 July 2022
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2823:. 7 July 2022
2822:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2792:. 5 July 2022
2791:
2787:
2781:
2779:
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2398:
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2349:9780801874086
2345:
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2327:
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2318:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
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2268:
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2258:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2207:. 20 May 2010
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2181:. 20 May 2009
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2142:
2138:
2135:DBS Jeyaraj.
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
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2079:
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2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:Uttar Pradesh
1950:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
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1866:
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1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:K. Muthukumar
1717:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:C N Annadurai
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:In 2010, the
1561:
1559:
1558:unitary state
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
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1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
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1460:
1456:
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1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
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1389:
1385:
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1369:
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1311:
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1233:
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1220:
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1200:
1198:
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1193:
1190:
1188:
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1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Ethnocentrism
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:Organizations
1069:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:Technological
1043:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:Ethnocacerism
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
996:Revolutionary
994:
992:
989:
985:
982:
980:
977:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
961:
958:
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904:
903:
902:
899:
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889:
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884:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
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771:
768:
766:
763:
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723:
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683:
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663:
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650:
648:
645:
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638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
605:
604:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:
578:
573:
571:
566:
564:
559:
558:
556:
555:
552:
542:
541:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
449:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Tamil Germans
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:French Tamils
383:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
360:
355:
354:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Indian Tamils
329:
328:
325:
320:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
255:
250:
249:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
193:
190:
189:
188:
187:Sangam period
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
166:
161:
160:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
126:
123:
115:
112:February 2017
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5876:
5875:
5804:Székely Land
5769:Pashtunistan
5619:Balawaristan
5392:South Slavic
5382:Scandinavian
4912:Volga Region
4526:in Sri Lanka
4520:
4384:Eastern Asia
4245:Puerto Rican
4060:North Africa
4044:Nationalisms
3836:
3681:
3657:
3653:
3620:
3616:
3591:
3587:
3569:
3545:
3541:
3532:
3512:
3486:
3482:
3458:
3452:
3449:Monius, Anne
3438:, retrieved
3423:
3398:
3394:
3370:
3366:
3342:
3338:
3304:
3300:
3284:, p. 32
3278:Pandian 1994
3273:
3266:Clooney 1992
3261:
3249:
3244:, p. 77
3237:
3232:, p. 26
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3155:Abraham 2003
3150:
3143:Steever 1987
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:the original
3115:
3106:
3097:
3085:
3067:
3059:the original
3052:
3043:
3025:
3017:the original
3010:
3001:
2972:the original
2965:
2955:
2941:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2910:
2884:. Retrieved
2872:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2846:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2820:
2794:. Retrieved
2789:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2738:
2726:. Retrieved
2722:the original
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2646:mumbaimirror
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2610:thehindu.com
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:the original
2538:
2524:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2446:
2432:
2423:
2417:. WordPress.
2409:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2249:The Guardian
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2204:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2145:. Retrieved
2141:the original
2130:
2121:
2112:
2063:Dravida Nadu
2013:
1994:
1946:
1939:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1872:
1862:
1833:Kannada flag
1826:
1817:Kamal Haasan
1807:and against
1790:
1758:
1747:
1732:
1718:
1710:
1654:
1619:(DMK) under
1614:
1598:
1587:and eastern
1562:
1530:Eelam War IV
1506:Tamil Tigers
1496:in 1981 and
1467:
1437:
1418:
1396:
1364:Tamil people
1359:
1358:
1348:
1344:
1264:Subsidiarity
1092:Anationalism
851:Expansionist
715:Independence
495:Tamil Muslim
442:Dutch Tamils
438:Swiss Tamils
296:Architecture
241:Tamilization
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
5809:Tamil Eelam
5789:Saraikistan
5669:Hatay State
5624:Balochistan
5578:Wallmapuwen
5272:Bangladeshi
4744:Montenegrin
4648:Azerbaijani
4612:Pan-Turkism
4353:Palestinian
4296:Middle East
4204:Greenlandic
4108:East Africa
3892:Territorial
3776:Bangladeshi
3740:Nationalism
3461:(1): 1â37,
3322:10125/17189
3206:Monius 2000
2988:|last=
2728:14 February
2342:: 285â288.
2231:PT Srilanka
2073:Tamil Eelam
2029:Vaishnavite
1997:nationalism
1865:Amit Shah's
1827:Officially
1791:The ban on
1781:Tamil Eelam
1769:Tamil Eelam
1754:Tamil Eelam
1701:Tamil Eelam
1609:Indo-Aryans
1605:South India
1581:Eluga Tamil
1579:organized "
1514:Prabhakaran
1429:Tamil Eelam
1380:nationalism
1349:Tamil Valga
1235: [
1187:Irredentism
1177:Imperialism
1050:Territorial
1016:Legionarism
704:Core values
600:Nationalism
468:Tamil Hindu
204:Agriculture
5925:Categories
5855:Indigenous
5799:Sindhudesh
5779:Santa Cruz
5699:Hutu Power
5629:Bangsamoro
5220:Australian
5195:Lithuanian
5110:Andalusian
4888:Circassian
4852:Belarusian
4800:in Austria
4734:Macedonian
4690:in Albania
4579:Vietnamese
4413:Hongkonger
4406:chauvinist
4087:Pharaonism
3748:Ideologies
3292:References
2037:fifth Veda
2001:Pure Tamil
1973:High Court
1965:Tamil Nadu
1925:Pure Tamil
1893:thani nadu
1881:M K Stalin
1873:thani nadu
1829:Tamil Nadu
1805:Tamil Nadu
1801:Tamil Nadu
1793:Jallikattu
1697:Tamil Nadu
1685:Tamil Nadu
1673:Tamil Nadu
1665:Tamil Nadu
1635:(PMK) and
1627:(AIADMK),
1589:Batticaloa
1526:war crimes
1498:Black July
1376:Pure Tamil
1353:Tamil Nadu
1281:Xenophobia
1249:Revanchism
1202:Militarism
861:Indigenism
856:Homosexual
824:Ecological
730:Solidarity
720:Patriotism
710:Allegiance
490:Tamil Jain
271:Philosophy
266:Literature
82:newspapers
5759:Occitania
5744:Manchukuo
5734:Lezgistan
5729:Kurdistan
5674:Hazarajat
5659:Circassia
5421:Movements
5372:Pakistani
5347:Mongolian
5287:Congolese
5200:Norwegian
5190:Icelandic
5155:Valencian
5150:Navarrese
5135:Castilian
5115:Aragonese
5079:Sardinian
4862:Ukrainian
4832:Slovenian
4812:Hungarian
4727:in Cyprus
4707:Aromanian
4695:in Kosovo
4600:Mongolian
4516:Sinhalese
4486:Dravidian
4443:Taiwanese
4391:Cantonese
4368:in Cyprus
4338:Jordanian
4261:Argentine
4233:Caribbean
4224:Québécois
4172:Afrikaner
3882:Pakistani
3873:Khalistan
3856:Religious
3832:Sinhalese
3792:Dravidian
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