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Telegraph process

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1794: 1643: 1463: 963: 500: 300: 1924: 1373: 1212: 1654: 864: 1295: 1118: 2194: 1535: 1381: 1520: 875: 311: 111: 1321: 2729: 1001: 811: 611: 530: 2553: 1034: 1809: 665: 638: 584: 557: 98: 69: 3156: 2149: 2686: 2666: 1235: 1054: 3070: 3420: 2987: 2997: 2671: 2681: 3039: 2754: 2936: 3226: 3216: 2739: 3126: 3090: 3043: 1326: 3394: 3131: 2005: 1130: 2241: 2142: 3196: 2774: 2744: 1789:{\displaystyle \operatorname {var} \{X\}_{s}={\frac {(c_{1}-c_{2})^{2}\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}{(\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})^{2}}}.} 3047: 3031: 3241: 2946: 2166: 3146: 3111: 3080: 3075: 2714: 2511: 2428: 819: 3085: 2413: 2709: 2516: 2435: 1240: 3171: 3051: 1062: 3399: 3176: 3012: 2911: 2896: 2308: 2224: 2135: 3186: 2822: 3181: 2784: 2368: 2313: 2229: 2119: 3116: 3106: 2749: 2719: 3121: 2286: 2184: 1954: 1950: 2832: 2408: 2189: 3201: 3002: 2916: 2901: 2291: 3035: 2921: 2343: 2423: 2398: 1965: 1957: 1638:{\displaystyle \langle X\rangle _{s}={\frac {c_{1}\lambda _{2}+c_{2}\lambda _{1}}{\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2}}}.} 1458:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} _{s}={\frac {1}{2\lambda }}{\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{2}\\\lambda _{1}\end{pmatrix}}} 3141: 2724: 2259: 958:{\displaystyle W={\begin{pmatrix}-\lambda _{1}&\lambda _{2}\\\lambda _{1}&-\lambda _{2}\end{pmatrix}}} 495:{\displaystyle \partial _{t}P(c_{2},t|x,t_{0})=\lambda _{1}P(c_{1},t|x,t_{0})-\lambda _{2}P(c_{2},t|x,t_{0}).} 295:{\displaystyle \partial _{t}P(c_{1},t|x,t_{0})=-\lambda _{1}P(c_{1},t|x,t_{0})+\lambda _{2}P(c_{2},t|x,t_{0})} 3336: 3326: 3017: 2799: 2538: 2403: 2214: 2010: 2621: 1480: 3278: 3206: 2465: 1300: 969: 3301: 3283: 3263: 3258: 2977: 2809: 2789: 2636: 2579: 2418: 2328: 2769: 3376: 3331: 3321: 3062: 3007: 2982: 2951: 2931: 2691: 2676: 2543: 2086: 1987: 1800: 975: 1961: 3371: 3211: 3136: 2941: 2701: 2611: 2501: 2122:(2020). Mathematical Physics: Applications and Problems. Springer International Publishing. pp. 474 690: 589: 508: 3341: 3306: 3221: 3191: 2961: 2956: 2779: 2616: 2281: 2219: 2158: 2102: 2076: 2049: 32: 20: 3022: 2032:
Bondarenko, YV (2000). "Probabilistic Model for Description of Evolution of Financial Indices".
1919:{\displaystyle \langle X(t),X(u)\rangle _{s}=e^{-2\lambda |t-u|}\operatorname {var} \{X\}_{s}.} 3361: 3166: 2817: 2574: 2491: 2353: 2333: 2323: 2179: 2174: 1474: 3027: 2764: 1006: 3381: 3268: 3151: 2521: 2496: 2445: 2373: 2296: 2249: 2094: 2041: 643: 616: 562: 535: 76: 47: 3346: 3246: 3231: 2992: 2926: 2604: 2548: 2531: 2276: 102: 40: 39:(also called popcorn noise or random telegraph signal). If the two possible values that a 3161: 2393: 2067:
Margolin, G; Barkai, E (2006). "Nonergodicity of a Time Series Obeying LĂ©vy Statistics".
2090: 3351: 3316: 3236: 2842: 2589: 2506: 2475: 2470: 2450: 2440: 2383: 2378: 2358: 2338: 2303: 2271: 2254: 1943: 1220: 1039: 28: 3414: 3253: 2794: 2631: 2626: 2584: 2526: 2348: 2264: 2204: 2053: 2106: 3311: 3273: 2827: 2759: 2648: 2643: 2455: 2388: 2363: 2199: 2000: 1947: 2891: 687:
The master equation is compactly written in a matrix form by introducing a vector
3356: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2855: 2658: 2599: 2594: 2558: 2318: 2209: 36: 1522:, the process will reach the following stationary values, denoted by subscript 3366: 2906: 2850: 2734: 2098: 2045: 2860: 16:
Memoryless continuous-time stochastic process that shows two distinct values
2081: 672: 2687:
Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model
2127: 1983: 1972: 1939: 1368:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} (t\rightarrow \infty )=\mathbf {P} _{s}} 1976: 1207:{\displaystyle e^{Wt}=I+W{\frac {(1-e^{-2\lambda t})}{2\lambda }}} 972:. The formal solution is constructed from the initial condition 2131: 1934:
This random process finds wide application in model building:
2667:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model
859:{\displaystyle {\frac {d\mathbf {P} }{dt}}=W\mathbf {P} } 2195:
Independent and identically distributed random variables
613:
is the transition rate for going from going from state
2672:
Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model
1420: 1290:{\displaystyle \lambda =(\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})/2} 890: 1812: 1657: 1538: 1483: 1384: 1329: 1303: 1243: 1223: 1133: 1113:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} (t)=e^{Wt}\mathbf {P} (0)} 1065: 1042: 1009: 978: 878: 822: 693: 646: 619: 592: 565: 538: 511: 314: 114: 101:, then the process can be described by the following 79: 50: 1323:, the solution approaches a stationary distribution 3294: 3099: 3061: 2970: 2884: 2841: 2808: 2700: 2657: 2567: 2484: 2240: 2165: 1918: 1788: 1637: 1514: 1457: 1367: 1315: 1289: 1229: 1206: 1112: 1048: 1028: 995: 957: 858: 805: 659: 632: 605: 578: 551: 524: 494: 294: 92: 63: 2554:Stochastic chains with memory of variable length 1953:show dichotomous properties. But especially in 2143: 8: 1904: 1897: 1844: 1813: 1671: 1664: 1546: 1539: 667:. The process is also known under the names 532:is the transition rate for going from state 2682:Autoregressive–moving-average (ARMA) model 2150: 2136: 2128: 35:that shows two distinct values. It models 2080: 1907: 1884: 1870: 1860: 1847: 1811: 1774: 1764: 1751: 1736: 1726: 1716: 1706: 1693: 1683: 1674: 1656: 1623: 1610: 1598: 1588: 1575: 1565: 1558: 1549: 1537: 1503: 1482: 1441: 1427: 1415: 1400: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1359: 1354: 1330: 1328: 1302: 1279: 1270: 1257: 1242: 1222: 1175: 1159: 1138: 1132: 1096: 1087: 1066: 1064: 1041: 1020: 1008: 979: 977: 941: 926: 912: 900: 885: 877: 851: 829: 823: 821: 791: 776: 764: 742: 727: 715: 694: 692: 651: 645: 624: 618: 597: 591: 570: 564: 543: 537: 516: 510: 480: 465: 453: 437: 421: 406: 394: 378: 362: 347: 335: 319: 313: 283: 268: 256: 240: 224: 209: 197: 181: 162: 147: 135: 119: 113: 84: 78: 55: 49: 2021: 2988:Doob's martingale convergence theorems 2740:Constant elasticity of variance (CEV) 2730:Chan–Karolyi–Longstaff–Sanders (CKLS) 2027: 2025: 1515:{\displaystyle t\gg (2\lambda )^{-1}} 7: 1316:{\displaystyle t\rightarrow \infty } 2006:List of stochastic processes topics 1297:is the average transition rate. As 3227:Skorokhod's representation theorem 3008:Law of large numbers (weak/strong) 1344: 1310: 316: 116: 14: 3421:Stochastic differential equations 3197:Martingale representation theorem 3242:Stochastic differential equation 3132:Doob's optional stopping theorem 3127:Doob–Meyer decomposition theorem 2034:Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 1387: 1355: 1331: 1097: 1067: 980: 852: 830: 695: 3112:Convergence of random variables 2998:Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem 996:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} (0)} 2710:Binomial options pricing model 2069:Journal of Statistical Physics 1968:implied in all formulas above. 1885: 1871: 1840: 1834: 1825: 1819: 1771: 1744: 1713: 1686: 1500: 1490: 1473:Knowledge of an initial state 1347: 1341: 1335: 1307: 1276: 1250: 1190: 1162: 1107: 1101: 1077: 1071: 990: 984: 800: 797: 777: 757: 748: 728: 708: 702: 486: 466: 446: 427: 407: 387: 368: 348: 328: 289: 269: 249: 230: 210: 190: 168: 148: 128: 1: 3177:Kolmogorov continuity theorem 3013:Law of the iterated logarithm 806:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} =} 3182:Kolmogorov extension theorem 2861:Generalized queueing network 2369:Interacting particle systems 606:{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}} 525:{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}} 2314:Continuous-time random walk 1955:single molecule experiments 1237:is the identity matrix and 3437: 3322:Extreme value theory (EVT) 3122:Doob decomposition theorem 2414:Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process 2185:Chinese restaurant process 677:dichotomous random process 3390: 3202:Optional stopping theorem 3003:Large deviation principle 2755:Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) 2692:Moving-average (MA) model 2677:Autoregressive (AR) model 2502:Hidden Markov model (HMM) 2436:Schramm–Loewner evolution 2099:10.1007/s10955-005-8076-9 1958:probability distributions 1799:One can also calculate a 3117:DolĂ©ans-Dade exponential 2947:Progressively measurable 2745:Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) 1966:exponential distribution 1964:are used instead of the 1477:. Therefore, for a time 3337:Mathematical statistics 3327:Large deviations theory 3157:Infinitesimal generator 3018:Maximal ergodic theorem 2937:Piecewise-deterministic 2539:Random dynamical system 2404:Markov additive process 2046:10.1023/A:1009437108439 2011:Random telegraph signal 1029:{\displaystyle t=t_{0}} 3172:Karhunen–Loève theorem 3107:Cameron–Martin formula 3071:Burkholder–Davis–Gundy 2466:Variance gamma process 1990:binding and unbinding. 1920: 1790: 1639: 1516: 1459: 1369: 1317: 1291: 1231: 1208: 1114: 1050: 1030: 1003:(that defines that at 997: 970:transition rate matrix 959: 860: 807: 661: 634: 607: 580: 553: 526: 496: 296: 94: 65: 3302:Actuarial mathematics 3264:Uniform integrability 3259:Stratonovich integral 3187:LĂ©vy–Prokhorov metric 3091:Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund 2978:Central limit theorem 2580:Gaussian random field 2409:McKean–Vlasov process 2329:Dyson Brownian motion 2190:Galton–Watson process 1921: 1791: 1640: 1517: 1460: 1370: 1318: 1292: 1232: 1209: 1124:It can be shown that 1115: 1051: 1031: 998: 960: 861: 808: 671:(after mathematician 662: 660:{\displaystyle c_{1}} 635: 633:{\displaystyle c_{2}} 608: 581: 579:{\displaystyle c_{2}} 554: 552:{\displaystyle c_{1}} 527: 497: 297: 95: 93:{\displaystyle c_{2}} 66: 64:{\displaystyle c_{1}} 3377:Time series analysis 3332:Mathematical finance 3217:Reflection principle 2544:Regenerative process 2344:Fleming–Viot process 2159:Stochastic processes 1988:transcription factor 1810: 1801:correlation function 1655: 1536: 1481: 1475:decays exponentially 1382: 1327: 1301: 1241: 1221: 1131: 1063: 1040: 1007: 976: 876: 820: 691: 644: 617: 590: 563: 536: 509: 312: 112: 77: 48: 3372:Stochastic analysis 3212:Quadratic variation 3207:Prokhorov's theorem 3142:Feynman–Kac formula 2612:Markov random field 2260:Birth–death process 2091:2006JSP...122..137M 3342:Probability theory 3222:Skorokhod integral 3192:Malliavin calculus 2775:Korn-Kreer-Lenssen 2659:Time series models 2622:Pitman–Yor process 1916: 1786: 1635: 1512: 1455: 1449: 1365: 1313: 1287: 1227: 1204: 1110: 1046: 1026: 993: 955: 949: 856: 803: 657: 630: 603: 576: 549: 522: 492: 292: 90: 61: 33:stochastic process 21:probability theory 3408: 3407: 3362:Signal processing 3081:Doob's upcrossing 3076:Doob's martingale 3040:Engelbert–Schmidt 2983:Donsker's theorem 2917:Feller-continuous 2785:Rendleman–Bartter 2575:Dirichlet process 2492:Branching process 2461:Telegraph process 2354:Geometric process 2334:Empirical process 2324:Diffusion process 2180:Branching process 2175:Bernoulli process 1781: 1630: 1413: 1230:{\displaystyle I} 1202: 1049:{\displaystyle x} 843: 25:telegraph process 3428: 3382:Machine learning 3269:Usual hypotheses 3152:Girsanov theorem 3137:Dynkin's formula 2902:Continuous paths 2810:Actuarial models 2750:Garman–Kohlhagen 2720:Black–Karasinski 2715:Black–Derman–Toy 2702:Financial models 2568:Fields and other 2497:Gaussian process 2446:Sigma-martingale 2250:Additive process 2152: 2145: 2138: 2129: 2123: 2120:Balakrishnan, V. 2117: 2111: 2110: 2084: 2082:cond-mat/0504454 2064: 2058: 2057: 2029: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1874: 1852: 1851: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1769: 1768: 1756: 1755: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1721: 1720: 1711: 1710: 1698: 1697: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1615: 1614: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1593: 1592: 1580: 1579: 1570: 1569: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1446: 1445: 1432: 1431: 1414: 1412: 1401: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1334: 1322: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1275: 1274: 1262: 1261: 1236: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1213: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1160: 1146: 1145: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1070: 1055: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1035: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1002: 1000: 999: 994: 983: 964: 962: 961: 956: 954: 953: 946: 945: 931: 930: 917: 916: 905: 904: 865: 863: 862: 857: 855: 844: 842: 834: 833: 824: 812: 810: 809: 804: 796: 795: 780: 769: 768: 747: 746: 731: 720: 719: 698: 666: 664: 663: 658: 656: 655: 639: 637: 636: 631: 629: 628: 612: 610: 609: 604: 602: 601: 585: 583: 582: 577: 575: 574: 558: 556: 555: 550: 548: 547: 531: 529: 528: 523: 521: 520: 501: 499: 498: 493: 485: 484: 469: 458: 457: 442: 441: 426: 425: 410: 399: 398: 383: 382: 367: 366: 351: 340: 339: 324: 323: 301: 299: 298: 293: 288: 287: 272: 261: 260: 245: 244: 229: 228: 213: 202: 201: 186: 185: 167: 166: 151: 140: 139: 124: 123: 103:master equations 99: 97: 96: 91: 89: 88: 70: 68: 67: 62: 60: 59: 31:continuous-time 3436: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3386: 3347:Queueing theory 3290: 3232:Skorokhod space 3095: 3086:Kunita–Watanabe 3057: 3023:Sanov's theorem 2993:Ergodic theorem 2966: 2962:Time-reversible 2880: 2843:Queueing models 2837: 2833:Sparre–Anderson 2823:CramĂ©r–Lundberg 2804: 2790:SABR volatility 2696: 2653: 2605:Boolean network 2563: 2549:Renewal process 2480: 2429:Non-homogeneous 2419:Poisson process 2309:Contact process 2272:Brownian motion 2242:Continuous time 2236: 2230:Maximal entropy 2161: 2156: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2019: 1997: 1986:for describing 1975:for describing 1962:algebraic tails 1932: 1903: 1856: 1843: 1808: 1807: 1770: 1760: 1747: 1743: 1732: 1722: 1712: 1702: 1689: 1685: 1670: 1653: 1652: 1619: 1606: 1605: 1594: 1584: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1545: 1534: 1533: 1499: 1479: 1478: 1471: 1448: 1447: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1423: 1416: 1405: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1353: 1325: 1324: 1299: 1298: 1266: 1253: 1239: 1238: 1219: 1218: 1194: 1171: 1161: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1083: 1061: 1060: 1038: 1037: 1036:, the state is 1016: 1005: 1004: 974: 973: 948: 947: 937: 932: 922: 919: 918: 908: 906: 896: 886: 874: 873: 835: 825: 818: 817: 787: 760: 738: 711: 689: 688: 685: 647: 642: 641: 620: 615: 614: 593: 588: 587: 566: 561: 560: 539: 534: 533: 512: 507: 506: 476: 449: 433: 417: 390: 374: 358: 331: 315: 310: 309: 279: 252: 236: 220: 193: 177: 158: 131: 115: 110: 109: 80: 75: 74: 51: 46: 45: 41:random variable 17: 12: 11: 5: 3434: 3432: 3424: 3423: 3413: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3395:List of topics 3391: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3352:Renewal theory 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3317:Ergodic theory 3314: 3309: 3307:Control theory 3304: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3239: 3237:Snell envelope 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3055: 3036:Borel–Cantelli 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2972: 2971:Limit theorems 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2663: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2592: 2590:Hopfield model 2587: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2509: 2507:Markov process 2504: 2499: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2478: 2476:Wiener sausage 2473: 2471:Wiener process 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2451:Stable process 2448: 2443: 2441:Semimartingale 2438: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2384:Jump diffusion 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2359:Hawkes process 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2339:Feller process 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2304:Cauchy process 2301: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2257: 2255:Bessel process 2252: 2246: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2125: 2124: 2112: 2075:(1): 137–167. 2059: 2040:(5): 738–742. 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1980: 1969: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1797: 1796: 1785: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1646: 1645: 1634: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1564: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1452: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1226: 1215: 1214: 1200: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1122: 1121: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1045: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1012: 992: 989: 986: 982: 966: 965: 952: 944: 940: 936: 933: 929: 925: 921: 920: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 892: 891: 889: 884: 881: 867: 866: 854: 850: 847: 841: 838: 832: 828: 802: 799: 794: 790: 786: 783: 779: 775: 772: 767: 763: 759: 756: 753: 750: 745: 741: 737: 734: 730: 726: 723: 718: 714: 710: 707: 704: 701: 697: 684: 681: 654: 650: 627: 623: 600: 596: 573: 569: 546: 542: 519: 515: 503: 502: 491: 488: 483: 479: 475: 472: 468: 464: 461: 456: 452: 448: 445: 440: 436: 432: 429: 424: 420: 416: 413: 409: 405: 402: 397: 393: 389: 386: 381: 377: 373: 370: 365: 361: 357: 354: 350: 346: 343: 338: 334: 330: 327: 322: 318: 303: 302: 291: 286: 282: 278: 275: 271: 267: 264: 259: 255: 251: 248: 243: 239: 235: 232: 227: 223: 219: 216: 212: 208: 205: 200: 196: 192: 189: 184: 180: 176: 173: 170: 165: 161: 157: 154: 150: 146: 143: 138: 134: 130: 127: 122: 118: 87: 83: 58: 54: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3433: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3254:Stopping time 3252: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3044:Hewitt–Savage 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Zero–one laws 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2725:Black–Scholes 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2627:Point process 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2585:Gibbs measure 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2374:ItĂ´ diffusion 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2349:Gamma process 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:Self-avoiding 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2205:Moran process 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2167:Discrete time 2164: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1951:intermittency 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1913: 1908: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1783: 1775: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1675: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1562: 1555: 1550: 1542: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1507: 1504: 1496: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1476: 1468: 1450: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1424: 1417: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1360: 1350: 1338: 1304: 1284: 1280: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1247: 1244: 1224: 1198: 1195: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1104: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1074: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1043: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 987: 971: 950: 942: 938: 934: 927: 923: 913: 909: 901: 897: 893: 887: 882: 879: 872: 871: 870: 848: 845: 839: 836: 826: 816: 815: 814: 792: 788: 784: 781: 773: 770: 765: 761: 754: 751: 743: 739: 735: 732: 724: 721: 716: 712: 705: 699: 682: 680: 678: 674: 670: 652: 648: 625: 621: 598: 594: 571: 567: 544: 540: 517: 513: 489: 481: 477: 473: 470: 462: 459: 454: 450: 443: 438: 434: 430: 422: 418: 414: 411: 403: 400: 395: 391: 384: 379: 375: 371: 363: 359: 355: 352: 344: 341: 336: 332: 325: 320: 308: 307: 306: 284: 280: 276: 273: 265: 262: 257: 253: 246: 241: 237: 233: 225: 221: 217: 214: 206: 203: 198: 194: 187: 182: 178: 174: 171: 163: 159: 155: 152: 144: 141: 136: 132: 125: 120: 108: 107: 106: 104: 100: 85: 81: 71: 56: 52: 43:can take are 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 3312:Econometrics 3274:Wiener space 3162:ItĂ´ integral 3063:Inequalities 2952:Self-similar 2922:Gauss–Markov 2912:Exchangeable 2892:CĂ dlĂ g paths 2828:Risk process 2780:LIBOR market 2649:Random graph 2644:Random field 2460: 2456:Superprocess 2394:LĂ©vy process 2389:Jump process 2364:Hunt process 2200:Markov chain 2115: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2037: 2033: 2001:Markov chain 1948:fluorescence 1944:spin systems 1933: 1798: 1647: 1528: 1523: 1472: 1216: 1123: 967: 868: 686: 676: 668: 504: 304: 73: 44: 24: 18: 3357:Ruin theory 3295:Disciplines 3167:ItĂ´'s lemma 2942:Predictable 2617:Percolation 2600:Potts model 2595:Ising model 2559:White noise 2517:Differences 2379:ItĂ´ process 2319:Cox process 2215:Loop-erased 2210:Random walk 1930:Application 669:Kac process 37:burst noise 3367:Statistics 3147:Filtration 3048:Kolmogorov 3032:Blumenthal 2957:Stationary 2897:Continuous 2885:Properties 2770:Hull–White 2512:Martingale 2399:Local time 2287:Fractional 2265:pure birth 2017:References 1960:featuring 1648:Variance: 1469:Properties 29:memoryless 3279:Classical 2292:Geometric 2282:Excursion 2054:115293176 1895:⁡ 1879:− 1868:λ 1862:− 1845:⟩ 1814:⟨ 1762:λ 1749:λ 1734:λ 1724:λ 1700:− 1662:⁡ 1621:λ 1608:λ 1596:λ 1573:λ 1547:⟩ 1540:⟨ 1505:− 1497:λ 1488:≫ 1439:λ 1425:λ 1410:λ 1375:given by 1345:∞ 1342:→ 1311:∞ 1308:→ 1268:λ 1255:λ 1245:λ 1199:λ 1183:λ 1177:− 1169:− 939:λ 935:− 924:λ 910:λ 898:λ 894:− 640:to state 595:λ 559:to state 514:λ 435:λ 431:− 376:λ 317:∂ 238:λ 179:λ 175:− 117:∂ 3415:Category 3400:Category 3284:Abstract 2818:BĂĽhlmann 2424:Compound 2107:53625405 1995:See also 683:Solution 673:Mark Kac 2907:Ergodic 2795:Vašíček 2637:Poisson 2297:Meander 2087:Bibcode 1984:biology 1973:finance 1940:physics 968:is the 675:), and 3247:Tanaka 2932:Mixing 2927:Markov 2800:Wilkie 2765:Ho–Lee 2760:Heston 2532:Super- 2277:Bridge 2225:Biased 2105:  2052:  1979:prices 1529:Mean: 1217:where 869:where 505:where 23:, the 3100:Tools 2876:M/M/c 2871:M/M/1 2866:M/G/1 2856:Fluid 2522:Local 2103:S2CID 2077:arXiv 2050:S2CID 1977:stock 1056:) by 27:is a 3052:LĂ©vy 2851:Bulk 2735:Chen 2527:Sub- 2485:Both 1946:and 586:and 305:and 72:and 2632:Cox 2095:doi 2073:122 2042:doi 1982:In 1971:In 1938:In 1892:var 1659:var 19:In 3417:: 3050:, 3046:, 3042:, 3038:, 3034:, 2101:. 2093:. 2085:. 2071:. 2048:. 2038:36 2036:. 2024:^ 1942:, 1803:: 1526:: 813:, 679:. 105:: 3054:) 3030:( 2151:e 2144:t 2137:v 2109:. 2097:: 2089:: 2079:: 2056:. 2044:: 1914:. 1909:s 1905:} 1901:X 1898:{ 1886:| 1882:u 1876:t 1872:| 1865:2 1858:e 1854:= 1849:s 1841:) 1838:u 1835:( 1832:X 1829:, 1826:) 1823:t 1820:( 1817:X 1784:. 1776:2 1772:) 1766:2 1758:+ 1753:1 1745:( 1738:2 1728:1 1718:2 1714:) 1708:2 1704:c 1695:1 1691:c 1687:( 1681:= 1676:s 1672:} 1668:X 1665:{ 1633:. 1625:2 1617:+ 1612:1 1600:1 1590:2 1586:c 1582:+ 1577:2 1567:1 1563:c 1556:= 1551:s 1543:X 1524:s 1508:1 1501:) 1494:2 1491:( 1485:t 1451:) 1443:1 1429:2 1418:( 1407:2 1403:1 1398:= 1393:s 1388:P 1361:s 1356:P 1351:= 1348:) 1339:t 1336:( 1332:P 1305:t 1285:2 1281:/ 1277:) 1272:2 1264:+ 1259:1 1251:( 1248:= 1225:I 1196:2 1191:) 1186:t 1180:2 1173:e 1166:1 1163:( 1157:W 1154:+ 1151:I 1148:= 1143:t 1140:W 1136:e 1120:. 1108:) 1105:0 1102:( 1098:P 1092:t 1089:W 1085:e 1081:= 1078:) 1075:t 1072:( 1068:P 1044:x 1022:0 1018:t 1014:= 1011:t 991:) 988:0 985:( 981:P 951:) 943:2 928:1 914:2 902:1 888:( 883:= 880:W 853:P 849:W 846:= 840:t 837:d 831:P 827:d 801:] 798:) 793:0 789:t 785:, 782:x 778:| 774:t 771:, 766:2 762:c 758:( 755:P 752:, 749:) 744:0 740:t 736:, 733:x 729:| 725:t 722:, 717:1 713:c 709:( 706:P 703:[ 700:= 696:P 653:1 649:c 626:2 622:c 599:2 572:2 568:c 545:1 541:c 518:1 490:. 487:) 482:0 478:t 474:, 471:x 467:| 463:t 460:, 455:2 451:c 447:( 444:P 439:2 428:) 423:0 419:t 415:, 412:x 408:| 404:t 401:, 396:1 392:c 388:( 385:P 380:1 372:= 369:) 364:0 360:t 356:, 353:x 349:| 345:t 342:, 337:2 333:c 329:( 326:P 321:t 290:) 285:0 281:t 277:, 274:x 270:| 266:t 263:, 258:2 254:c 250:( 247:P 242:2 234:+ 231:) 226:0 222:t 218:, 215:x 211:| 207:t 204:, 199:1 195:c 191:( 188:P 183:1 172:= 169:) 164:0 160:t 156:, 153:x 149:| 145:t 142:, 137:1 133:c 129:( 126:P 121:t 86:2 82:c 57:1 53:c

Index

probability theory
memoryless
stochastic process
burst noise
random variable
master equations
Mark Kac
transition rate matrix
decays exponentially
correlation function
physics
spin systems
fluorescence
intermittency
single molecule experiments
probability distributions
algebraic tails
exponential distribution
finance
stock
biology
transcription factor
Markov chain
List of stochastic processes topics
Random telegraph signal


doi
10.1023/A:1009437108439
S2CID

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