1658:{{cite web | url = | url-access = | title = | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | date = | year = | orig-date = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | editor2-last = | editor2-first= | editor2-link = | department = | website = | series = | publisher = | agency = | location = | page = | pages = | at = | language = | script-title = | trans-title = | type = | format = | arxiv = | asin = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-broken-date= | isbn = | issn = | jfm = | jstor = | lccn = | mr = | oclc = | ol = | osti = | pmc = | pmid = | rfc = | ssrn = | zbl = | id = | access-date = | url-status = | archive-url = | archive-date = | via = | quote = | ref = | postscript = }}
32:
2442:{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |title=DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive) |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 18, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022181821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}
1663: last last last2 date or year editor-last editor-last editor2-last url url, archive-url url, archive-date archive-url
7509:
7365:
4554:(e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes
103:
1668: required required
7500:
7354:
63:
7518:
7376:
4572:, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias:
3959:: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword
7316:. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to
2486:{{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=17 September 2024 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522171657/http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |archive-date=22 May 2011}}
7943:
133:
7722:
7335:
157:
4054:: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.
2401:{{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=2024-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}
2532:{{cite web |url=https://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=17 September 2024 |quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'}}
5112:: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See
7452:
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read,
2692:
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all
Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A
6034:
Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information –
7674:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.
6478:
In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers
4021:. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of
5507:
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
9296:
Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et
5695:
The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.
7190:
will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as
740:, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then
2241:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=17 September 2024}}
7103:); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use
2056:{{cite web |url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/MBE/DOP_PDFFiles/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=17 September 2024}}
6039:. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without
2203:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=September 17, 2024}}
10246:
If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at
4929:
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket,
9272:
Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with'
10083:
Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John
7262:
Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,
6043:
additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:
4689:) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.
2363:{{cite web |url=https://www.incb.org/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2024/2311984R.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=December 2023 |access-date=2024-09-17 |language=ru}}
10130:
For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For
Japanese use:
2172:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=17 September 2024 |language=fr |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
8018:
Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources,
1860:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=September 17, 2024}}
4280:: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
7814:
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
6035:
usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use
6807:: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. Supports
6598:: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If
2672:
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
10413:
Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.
6620:: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in
7675:
When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as
5309:; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the
9249:
List of authors as a free form list. This parameter is deprecated, use "lastn" or "firstn" (preferred) or "authorn" or "vauthors". Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.
4589:. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of
2034:
files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if
695:
10589:
The language in which the source is written, if not
English; use a two-letter language code or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates. Separate multiple languages with commas
5291:– Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in
7295:
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.
9320:
Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in
Vancouver style.
12660:
1890:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=17 September 2024}}
12388:
12383:
3271:: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of
4817:, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by
4025:. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g.
7948:
This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information see
4201:
5292:
12216:
5365:; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)
5317:; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)
12378:
12109:
9458:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'
1991:{{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=] |access-date=September 17, 2024}}
670:
10180:
The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "https://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."
4018:
2276:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=2024-09-17}}
12173:
5597:
6730:
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use
10494:
For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written; will be treated as the publication place if publication place is absent; alias of 'location'
5278:
no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to
3933:
3834:: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows Romanization defined in
12449:
6152:
2455:
142:(AWB). If you are planning to make any major changes to this template, move it, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's users and maintainers beforehand at
7360:: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
7174:
to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with
5295:
when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.
6277:
688:
10107:
The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website.
6100:
additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:
4330:
Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
12610:
4827:
Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use
7207:
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.
12228:
7457:. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add
2309:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=17 September 2024}}
12655:
12595:
12434:
12302:
11684:
12206:
2138:{{cite web |url=https://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt |title=Some ODT Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=ODT |access-date=17 September 2024}}
2097:{{cite web |url=https://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000 |title=Some PDF Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=PDF |access-date=17 September 2024}}
6515:). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
12583:
681:
47:
12393:
8135:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors
7392:
As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
1831:
1802:
12622:
12579:
7888:
4790:), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert
3948:: Title of website (when the website has a clear name, use that rather than the domain name); may be wikilinked. Displays in italics. Aliases:
43:
12538:
12166:
5605:
5074:
3560:
Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of
12128:
5741:
4022:
10664:
Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'
4413:. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard
1919:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2024-09-17}}
12520:
12439:
6111:
5958:
4581:: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example,
10710:
Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work.
5522:
Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.
2625:
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
12670:
12665:
12264:
12104:
6085:
4109:
The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a
3800:: Title of source page on website. Displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert regular quotation marks (
12565:
11427:
Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'
9380:
Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter
4431:
to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases:
12307:
6190:
6096:
or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without
6015:
663:
7072:
If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."
7922:
7903:
7872:
6065: – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.
2491:
2047:
12201:
12159:
143:
1943:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=17 September 2024}}
12444:
6551:
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for
5672:
5051:
4069:
target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate
4970:
is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.
12398:
6641:: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
6415:
3932:
This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed into
602:
51:
12312:
5419:
12373:
12360:
11677:
5000:
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
4077:
links to multiple works by the same author in the same year, unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case,
12350:
12254:
2554:... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'
2447:
2338:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=September 17, 2024}}
118:
12297:
10540:
Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'
10465:
Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.
7312:
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in
Knowledge (XXG) as documented in
12292:
2642:
2513:
12211:
5752:. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example
3701:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:
12052:
7087:: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For
4457:: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after
233:
12340:
12327:
12259:
12244:
7267:
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).
139:
12605:
11866:
5357:.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the
2406:
514:
174:
81:
12274:
12223:
7970:
6583:
5601:
3775:
110:
2087:
automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter
2061:
732:
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as
12142:
11810:
11754:
11642:
The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse
4747:: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.
3855:: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after
415:
335:
12196:
12182:
10739:
Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')
9432:
The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.
12590:
11922:
11670:
8094:
The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors
6947:: title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:
5913:
3778:
styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
3435:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:
2368:
613:
77:
11352:
English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets.
7966:
7958:
5961:
for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a
114:
12345:
11726:
9484:
Title of existing
Knowledge (XXG) article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors
8176:
Title of existing
Knowledge (XXG) article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors
7192:
5358:
5310:
5085:
4196:
4066:
3771:
2004:
303:
11329:
Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation
10305:
The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'
4722:. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use
11997:
11852:
11768:
7069:
If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
482:
367:
284:
4423:: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in
4373:. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If
3874:
Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
85:
12041:
11796:
11740:
7962:
7926:
5127:
5119:
5045:
5037:
4364:
4262:
4254:
4168:
4160:
3997:: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the
1778:
399:
319:
217:
89:
5254:
4983:
2693:
full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the
2389:
Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived
12618:
12573:
12414:
12287:
12282:
12074:
12063:
12008:
11986:
11782:
11693:
7949:
7914:. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format
7024:
6808:
6731:
6625:
6537:
6519:
6500:
5643:
5368:
5320:
4828:
4428:
4356:
4134:
4130:
4057:
3839:
3789:
3592:
3524:
3280:
1771:
717:
709:
498:
447:
383:
351:
249:
187:
39:
10984:
International
Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen
7401:
6769:
instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in
Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use
5422:
contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be
5250:
2448:"DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)"
6722:. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by
4199:
target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a
12085:
11936:
11908:
11880:
6384:
6366:
6216:
6055:
5026:. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that
4719:
1968:{{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=2024-09-17}}
629:
578:
546:
530:
7419:
7313:
5023:
5022:
is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see
3755:
listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
1745:
88:. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the
12419:
11975:
5903:
3761:: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write
2653:
As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
198:
170:
10209:
Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')
10154:
An
English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended
5730:(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:
5283:
5258:
2492:"London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)"
721:
12468:
12429:
12019:
11894:
11838:
11712:
7066:
to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
5688:
5167:
4215:
format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
2027:
1710:
1690:
594:
562:
466:
268:
12556:
6607:
4414:
4382:
3821:
2648:
7942:
7898:
The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear
6193:. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example
4137:
templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as
12569:
12501:
12249:
11824:
7892:
6543:, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when
6453:
5668:
3237:
instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use
431:
10563:
May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient
9357:
Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink
7095:); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For
6025:
5636:
be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set
4286:– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
713:
12490:
12424:
12317:
7508:
7364:
7198:
6433:
5684:
5069:
4989:
4711:
4044:
3911:
5362:
5314:
163:
12637:
12479:
7382:: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("
7020:
7000:
6742:
6685:
6299:
5423:
5030:
is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See
4839:
4780:
4601:
is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if
3520:
3500:
76:
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's
10442:
Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal
3940:
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
2046:
recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (
1996:
9125:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink.
9050:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink.
12335:
9200:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink.
7868:
6995:, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to
6582:) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a
6295:
3495:, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to
2038:
had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit
10687:
Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink
8900:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eleventh author; don't wikilink.
7317:
4369:): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in
12649:
10641:
Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML
9893:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.
8975:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the twelfth author; don't wikilink.
8600:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.
6241:
5997:
5873:
5622:
5525:
5249:
are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead
5080:
5065:
4333:
3916:
17:
9965:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.
9677:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.
9533:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.
8675:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.
8375:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.
8225:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.
7598:
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
5671:, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an
5564:: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,
4119:
date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
2537:
12368:
10037:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.
9821:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.
9749:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.
9605:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.
8825:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the tenth author; don't wikilink.
8750:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.
8525:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.
8450:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.
8300:
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.
6259:
5679:
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as
5612:
4410:
4243:
does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by
4205:
4072:
10618:
Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case
5102:) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:
4907:: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by
4760:: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either
4685:, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g.
7371:: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
5411:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.
4489:... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
12530:
6234:
5010:
was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires
4707:
3279:. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports
2124:
For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an
7879:
part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under
7271:
is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.
6991:, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to
5376:
3922:
3491:, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to
1788:
But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
70:
2143:
2102:
11375:
An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references
6000:
identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example
5895:
5885:
5227:
is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Knowledge (XXG) article
4631:: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If
4531:
4185:
parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the
292:
4977:?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
4223:: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the
4031:
at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:
2413:
26:
11283:
A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable
9102:
The surname of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link14'.
9027:
The surname of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link13'.
5766:: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
5715:
5014:; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.
3283:. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.
10361:
Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML
9177:
The surname of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link15'.
7283:: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (
6632:... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
6238:
4686:
4569:
3846:... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
3809:
3326:
2208:
12151:
10961:
International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible
8877:
The surname of the eleventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link11'.
5241:
links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitable
4643:
displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following
4558:
newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after
1832:"Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows"
1803:"Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows"
11398:
The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined
8952:
The surname of the twelfth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link12'.
7383:
6093:
5865:
5851:
4962:: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by
4809:: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either
4715:
4304:– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
3998:
3646:
is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each
3330:
3325:
is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with
455:
257:
9870:
The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.
9151:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the fourteenth author.
9076:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the thirteenth author.
8577:
The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.
6931:). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use
5644:
Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates
4043:"Knowledge (XXG):Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see
3419:. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use
2684:, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
11456:
If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.
9942:
The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.
9654:
The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.
9510:
The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.
9226:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the fifteenth author.
8802:
The surname of the tenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link10'.
8652:
The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.
8352:
The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.
8202:
The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.
7660:
6341:
6115:
5962:
4894:
4663:. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
10014:
The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.
9798:
The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.
9726:
The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.
9582:
The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.
8926:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the eleventh author.
8727:
The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'.
8502:
The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.
8427:
The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.
8277:
The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.
5949:. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
5068:
snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as
2494:. The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011
11662:
9916:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the seventh editor.
9001:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the twelfth author.
8626:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the seventh author.
3362:
is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each
2412:. International Narcotics Control Board. 2005-04-30. Archived from
2397:
is assumed and the resulting main link is to the archived version:
71:
approximately 4,860,000 pages, or roughly 8% of all pages
12552:
10770:
An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers
9988:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the eighth editor.
9700:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the fourth editor.
9556:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the second editor.
8701:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the eighth author.
8401:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the fourth author.
8251:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the second author.
7275:
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
6172:
5712:
2638:
206:
11007:
Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code
10517:
Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'
10387:
The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink
10060:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the ninth editor.
9844:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the sixth editor.
9772:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the fifth editor.
9628:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the third editor.
8851:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the tenth author.
8776:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the ninth author.
8551:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the sixth author.
8476:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the fifth author.
8326:
Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the third author.
7902:
DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to
7346:
5877:
5334:
4503:
changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
7147:
6586:
to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
6119:
6114:; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a
6029:
5966:
5904:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341
5412:
2125:
12155:
11666:
6817:: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example:
6661:, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in
5898:
id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.
4001:
language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:
2438:
is specified, the resulting main link is to the original page:
7937:
6624:(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the
5854:; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
4542:
or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do
2031:
151:
127:
97:
57:
11580:
If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.
6714:, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in
2666:|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
2629:
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
2407:"List of psychotropic substances under international control"
2369:"List of psychotropic substances under international control"
2062:"List of psychotropic substances under international control"
10885:
CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter
6750:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
5430:. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
2091:, which displays " (PDF)" after the link (but no PDF icon).
7327:
6979:: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to
6061:
template within the parameter – in the form
5945:: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at
5361:(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include
5313:(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include
3479:: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to
2343:
2314:
2281:
2247:
2212:
2178:
1973:
1949:
1925:
1896:
1866:
1720:
the differences between the two templates were eliminated.
11518:
If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.
11487:
If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.
7921:
If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in
7091:, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (
5628:
templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair
5349:; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after
5282:
are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at
4982:
For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see
4887:
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where
4173:
template. See those templates' documentation for details.
3601:: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use
11145:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier
6748:
to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:
4845:
to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:
4621:
is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and
2181:[Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French)
10816:
ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US
10338:
Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink
4530:: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The
3963:
can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples:
3743:: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires
2026:
When this template detects a link whose URL includes an
12599:
11549:
If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.
7409:
6503:
which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as
5632:
has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should
1725:
1680:
column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.
742:
11611:
If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.
7988:
uses standard parameter set; TemplateData has errors:
6353:
parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
6262:
identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example
4847:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
4231:). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:
2246:
Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005).
716:
for web sources that are not characterized by another
138:
This template is used by the standard installation of
10839:
Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters
7867:
The template is able to recognize known free-to-read
7031:|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
6312:
parameter, below; these are two different identifiers
5016:
Not required for linked documents that do not change.
4515:
does not display (and will produce an error message).
4316:– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
4298:– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
3531:|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
3523:; enclose corporate or institutional author names in
1752:
generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
10793:
Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters
6518:
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the
5293:
Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown
4710:(wire service) that provided the content; examples:
3384:
parameters to change how many authors are displayed.
2393:
By default, if "archive-url" is used, the parameter
12529:
12513:
12458:
12407:
12359:
12326:
12273:
12237:
12189:
12118:
12097:
12031:
11965:
11700:
6773:to include the same format as the source. Aliases:
6723:
6674:
6398:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
6133:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
6068:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5980:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5931:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5921:
5600:, especially useful with short-form citations like
4988:Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as
4884:
4880:
4818:
4769:
4208:, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
2573:Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
2538:"Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea"
2479:
1037:
861:
762:
752:Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
657:
641:
625:
609:
590:
574:
558:
542:
526:
510:
494:
478:
462:
443:
427:
411:
395:
379:
363:
347:
331:
315:
299:
280:
264:
245:
229:
213:
194:
7659:
7517:
7499:
7375:
7353:
5946:
5874:http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733
3233:: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use
1696:Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use
10931:The date that the DOI was determined to be broken
7881:local function build_free_doi_registrants_table()
7691:Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
5608:. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with
2697:section near the top of this documentation page.
955:Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
4427:(if present). Must be prefixed with one of the
3934:Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax
9403:Original date of publication; provide specifics
6570:It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link
6328:goes live; if this date is in the future, then
5596:identifies the template as a target and allows
3838:(if present). Must be prefixed with one of the
3289:: Given or first names of author; for example:
12661:Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module
7854:that will become available in the future, see
7023:; enclose corporate or institutional names in
6628:to help browsers properly display the script:
6574:to a link also produced by an identifier. The
6563:) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (
6332:is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
6278:Office of Scientific and Technical Information
3842:to help browsers properly display the script:
2688:COinS metadata is created for these parameters
12167:
11678:
7146:Replaces the name of the (first) author with
6734:to tell the template to display the value of
6157:; do not include "JFM" in the value; example
6153:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
4831:to tell the template to display the value of
4085:is required to disambiguate the link targets.
3571:: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use
689:
8:
10908:Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'
8015:
7875:. Once a free registrant is identified, the
7469:URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
7396:Access indicators for url-holding parameters
7347:access indicators for url-holding parameters
6451:
6150:
5387:will be supported by all browsers; however,
5335:Access indicators for url-holding parameters
4509:is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
4026:
3812:for guidance in more complex situations. If
186:
7977:in articles based on its TemplateData.
7287:); for no terminating punctuation, specify
5426:. For example, a space must be replaced by
5113:
5031:
5006:: Full date when the content pointed to by
3790:Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters
3329:and use honorifics only in accordance with
720:template. Do not use this template in the "
12638:pipe trick does not work inside references
12589:Editors can experiment in this template's
12174:
12160:
12152:
12110:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates
11685:
11671:
11663:
8022:
7689:
7467:
7019:: comma separated list of editor names in
5920:. It is checked to ensure it begins with (
4697:parameters to display access restrictions.
3660:, but not the other way around). Aliases:
3519:: comma-separated list of author names in
2132:, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.
696:
682:
10583:
10407:
10381:
10332:
10299:
10174:
10008:
9936:
9864:
9792:
9720:
9648:
9576:
9504:
9478:
9452:
9426:
9423:
9220:
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9145:
9096:
9070:
9021:
8995:
8946:
8920:
8871:
8845:
8796:
8770:
8721:
8695:
8646:
8620:
8571:
8545:
8496:
8470:
8421:
8395:
8346:
8320:
8271:
8245:
8196:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8088:
8085:
8082:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8070:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8058:
7721:
7334:
6765:: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use
5886:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
5345:: File format of the work referred to by
5305:: File format of the work referred to by
5116:above for details about interaction with
5075:Knowledge (XXG):Using the Wayback Machine
5034:above for details about interaction with
4639:) is also defined and is different, then
4181:: Year of publication. The more flexible
4019:See the list of supported codes and names
7050:may be used for the individual names in
6649:: The number of a single page quoted in
5984:eISSNs using a non-standard format, see
5432:
5415:host-names are currently not supported.
4233:|orig-date=First published 1859
4157:in the style specified by the article's
3877:
3544:may be used for the individual names in
3156:
3129:
3101:
1639:
1030:Full parameter set in horizontal format
1028:
953:
750:
12640:, so be sure to insert a full wikilink.
12629:
7341:: the source is free to read for anyone
6137:ISSNs using a non-standard format, see
6072:ISBNs using a non-standard format, see
5512:
5142:: A control parameter to select one of
4692:
4323:
3923:Help:Table § Rendering pipe itself
2067:. International Narcotics Control Board
743:
7889:Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI
7887:is not set, it will place the page in
7884:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7806:
7801:
7794:
7789:
7782:
7777:
7770:
7765:
7758:
7753:
7746:
7741:
7734:
7729:
7712:
7707:
7670:Access indicator for named identifiers
7590:
7585:
7578:
7573:
7566:
7561:
7554:
7549:
7542:
7537:
7530:
7525:
7490:
7485:
7462:
7458:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7328:access indicator for named identifiers
7296:
7292:
7288:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7208:
7096:
7088:
7051:
7030:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6749:
6735:
6727:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6692:
6691:to indicate this is intentional (e.g.
6678:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6579:
6575:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6555:to manually select a specific source (
6552:
6548:
6544:
6523:
6504:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6402:SBNs using a non-standard format, see
5935:DOIs using a non-standard format, see
5680:
5676:
5637:
5629:
5590:
5565:
5518:
5516:
5279:
5275:
5267:
5246:
5238:
5234:
5224:
5220:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5194:
5190:
5177:
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5151:
5147:
5143:
5099:
4997:
4993:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4892:
4888:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4832:
4822:
4814:
4810:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4786:to indicate this is intentional (e.g.
4773:
4765:
4761:
4268:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4212:
4186:
4182:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4104:
4093:
4014:
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4002:
3937:
3545:
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3426:
3423:
3420:
3276:
3272:
3242:
3206:
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3190:
3182:
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3091:
3087:
3083:
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3055:
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3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2665:
2659:
2641:metadata in the HTML output, allowing
2505:
2475:
2435:
2394:
2129:
2088:
2039:
2035:
1763:
1759:
1641:Full parameter set in vertical format
737:
733:
185:
12435:Converting between references formats
11748:short, stand-alone, offline documents
11099:Online Computer Library Center number
7308:Subscription or registration required
6702:: A list or range of pages quoted in
6306:. Do not include "PMC" in the value.
6302:full-text of a journal article, e.g.
5742:Amazon Standard Identification Number
4768:, but not both. Displays preceded by
4310:– as above for month day, year format
4292:– as above for month day, year format
4247:(or, if it exists in the article, by
4193:of the following conditions are met:
4023:Category:CS1 foreign language sources
4015:|language=French, Portuguese
2482:, the original is not linked at all:
2458:from the original on October 22, 2015
2166:Foreign language and translated title
857:For references without author credit
327:short, stand-alone, offline documents
7:
11260:Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier
8029:This template has custom formatting.
7971:See a monthly parameter usage report
7195:. Do not use in a list generated by
6112:International Standard Serial Number
5959:International Standard Serial Number
4669:: Name of the content deliverer (if
4117:date; a comment for editors such as
4088:For approximate year, precede with "
3863:is included in the link. Use of the
3158:Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
2645:to retrieve bibliographic metadata.
2042:parameter would be redundant, so it
653:web sources not covered by the above
109:This template can only be edited by
12450:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
12389:Referencing without using templates
12384:Referencing with citation templates
10274:'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
7617:https://example.com/nifty_data.php
7204:
6237:for looking up publications in the
6086:International Standard Music Number
6063:|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}
5582:
5571:generates an anchor with the given
4855:|at=pp. 3-1–3-15
1830:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011).
1801:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011).
11053:Library of Congress Control Number
7950:Help:Citation Style 1#TemplateData
7555:|contribution-url-access=
7215:) to apply the mask to a specific
7182:—in this case, the value of
6693:|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12
6191:Library of Congress Control Number
6016:International Standard Book Number
4058:Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates
3712:OR: for multiple translators, use
3620:OR: for multiple translators, use
3379:
2177:Joliet, François (30 April 2005).
2083:If the link is to a PDF file that
1772:Help:Citation Style 1 § Pages
1716:based on their features. In 2014,
758:For references with author credit
671:Citation Style 1 wrapper templates
25:
12656:Templates used by AutoWikiBrowser
7923:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
7904:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
7873:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
7314:Verifiability § Access to sources
6344:; use unique identifier; example
5375:URLs must begin with a supported
4237:|orig-date=Composed 1904
4056:For acceptable date formats, see
3376:, but not the other way around).
3321:; first name will not display if
1756:{{cite news}}
1742:{{cite news}}
1735:{{cite news}}
1676:If a field name is listed in the
7941:
7908:local extended_registrants_t = {
7891:, which is routinely cleared by
7720:
7516:
7507:
7498:
7374:
7363:
7352:
7333:
7323:Four access levels can be used:
7099:, element separator is a comma (
7027:. End with etal if appropriate:
5726:(April 2007 – December 2014) or
5554:
4966:can be found. Cannot be used if
4946:
4730:. May be wikilinked if relevant.
3527:. End with etal if appropriate:
2660:|date=27 September 2007
2128:file, you may add the parameter
2030:of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of
1768:{{cite web}}
1750:{{cite web}}
1737:have the following differences:
1731:{{cite web}}
155:
131:
101:
61:
30:
12440:Reference display customization
11237:Social Science Research Network
11076:Mathematical Reviews identifier
10472:] (which owns "Metacritic.com")
10187:https://www.metacritic.com//...
6738:without processing it, and use
6462:For zbMATH search results like
6416:Social Science Research Network
6175:reference number; for example:
5868:id, as in the entire DOI (e.g.
4835:without processing it, and use
4551:
4385:(if available) of the title in
4103:For no date, or "undated", use
3824:(if available) of the title in
3103:What's new or changed recently
7273:|display-authors=etal
6954:OR: for multiple editors, use
6856:OR: for multiple editors, use
6610:(if available) of the text in
5878:https://doi.org/10.1101/078733
5598:wikilinking to full references
5210:is preemptively archived with
5054:by registered editors. Alias:
3450:OR: for multiple authors, use
3336:OR: for multiple authors, use
3131:Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
2751:|script-contribution=
1:
12207:Biographies of living persons
7591:|section-url-access=
7543:|chapter-url-access=
7531:|article-url-access=
6809:accept-this-as-written markup
6501:accept-this-as-written markup
4267:template), or as used in the
3804:) to single quotation marks (
3593:accept-this-as-written markup
3281:accept-this-as-written markup
2643:reference management software
2288:. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30
2213:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
1974:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
1950:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
1926:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
1897:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
1867:"My Favorite Things, Part II"
736:have upper-case aliases like
12143:Citation Style 1 noticeboard
12129:Citation Style documentation
11168:PubMed Center article number
10862:biorXiv identifier; 6 digits
10717:], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
7318:verifying claims in articles
7205:<references />
5675:as applicable. For example,
5581:attribute in the citation's
5420:citation template parameters
5098:. By default (overridden by
4796:|pages=3{{ndash}}12
4788:|page=3{{hyphen}}12
4550:parameter for the name of a
3241:or one of its aliases (e.g.
2793:|publication-place=
1865:Doe, John (April 30, 2005).
12559:for background information.
12445:References and page numbers
12379:Introduction to referencing
12183:Knowledge (XXG) referencing
11214:Request for Comments number
7567:|entry-url-access=
7550:|contribution-url=
7438:|contribution-url=
7269:|display-authors=0
7265:|display-authors=2
6933:|editor-first1=...
6348:
6307:
6023:
5681:|id={{NCJ|122967}}
5657:
5641:
5523:
5366:
5332:
5318:
5257:. Bot help is available at
5183:Accepts multiple keywords:
5114:"Automatic date formatting"
5083:
5072:
5032:"Automatic date formatting"
4981:
4690:
4331:
4143:|publication-date=
4055:
3920:
3787:
3377:
2884:|contribution-url=
2814:|publication-date=
2646:
2374:(in Russian). December 2023
2179:"Honi soit qui mal y pense"
1895:Doe, John (30 April 2005).
1652:Brief instructions / notes
712:template is used to create
12687:
12671:Citation Style 1 templates
12666:Templates generating COinS
12563:
12394:Referencing dos and don'ts
12105:Citation Style 1 templates
7961:for this template used by
7929:so the bot knows about it.
7916:= {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},
7417:
7399:
6936:|editor-last1=...
6403:
6138:
6073:
5985:
5936:
5655:
5552:
5193:omitted or empty) selects
5189:– (default condition when
4889:|page=Front cover
4568:: For news stories with a
4042:
3938:|no-tracking=true
3147:none deprecated at present
2913:|author#-surname=
2909:|author-surname#=
2694:
2476:|url-status=unfit
12623:Subpages of this template
12539:Parenthetical referencing
12374:Citations quick reference
12341:Punctuation and footnotes
12140:
8035:
7980:TemplateData for Cite web
7885:|doi-access=free
7800:
7788:
7776:
7764:
7752:
7740:
7728:
7716:
7713:|bibcode-access=
7706:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7584:
7579:|map-url-access=
7572:
7560:
7548:
7536:
7524:
7494:
7484:
7479:
7476:
7473:
7424:Online sources linked by
7289:|postscript=none
7011:forms of name parameters.
6565:|title-link=none
6452:
6298:; use article number for
5914:Digital object identifier
5882:10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
5606:parenthetical referencing
5470:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5353:. (For media format, use
5100:|url-status=live
4941:used in conjunction with
4681:is not a replacement for
4625:is shown after the title.
4127:Automatic date formatting
3910:
3867:parameter is recommended.
3776:parenthetical referencing
3763:Illustrated by John Smith
3653:requires a corresponding
3511:forms of name parameters.
3369:requires a corresponding
3118:
2905:|author-surname=
2775:|script-section=
2767:|script-article=
2743:|script-chapter=
2512:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2436:|url-status=live
2395:|url-status=dead
677:
664:Specific-source templates
92:before implementing them.
84:subpages, or in your own
69:This template is used on
12557:COinS in Knowledge (XXG)
12293:Citation Style Vancouver
11571:OpenLibrary access level
11191:PubMed Unique Identifier
8002:is not a valid parameter
7996:is not a valid parameter
7600:
6626:supported language codes
6561:|title-link=doi
6557:|title-link=pmc
6522:using the corresponding
5744:; if first character of
5656:Not to be confused with
5553:Not to be confused with
5542:
5086:Help:Using archive.today
4429:supported language codes
4007:|lang=fr, pt-br
3840:supported language codes
2978:|author#-given=
2974:|author-given#=
2966:|author#-first=
2962:|author-first#=
2730:|encyclopaedia=
2610:—may be used instead of
2586:—may be used instead of
2005:National Football League
1924:Doe, John (2005-04-30).
1748:(paper) sources whereas
144:Knowledge (XXG) talk:AWB
12551:This template produces
12521:Knowledge (XXG) Library
12190:Policies and guidelines
11122:Open Library identifier
8008:has duplicate aliases:
7807:|s2cid-access=
7759:|jstor-access=
7463:|archive-date=
7453:they are not marked as
7003:when the lists use the
6999:displays name lists in
6673:. Displays preceded by
5722:(before April 2007) or
5677:|id=NCJ 122967
4151:|archive-date=
3503:when the lists use the
3499:displays name lists in
2970:|author-given=
2958:|author-first=
2901:|author#-last=
2897:|author-last#=
2784:|script-title=
2759:|script-entry=
2747:|contribution=
2726:|encyclopedia=
2344:"Index of Sharp Things"
2315:"Index of Sharp Things"
2303:No author, no publisher
2282:"Index of Sharp Things"
2252:Encyclopaedia of Things
2001:NFL Football Operations
896:<!--Not stated-->
724:" section of articles.
12617:Add categories to the
12459:Template documentation
12399:Citing Knowledge (XXG)
7927:User talk:Citation bot
7795:|ssrn-access=
7783:|osti-access=
7586:|section-url=
7538:|chapter-url=
7526:|article-url=
7459:|archive-url=
7450:|section-url=
7434:|chapter-url=
7430:|article-url=
6736:|quote-pages=
6712:|quote-pages=
6659:|quote-pages=
6151:
5748:value is a digit, use
5673:external link template
5268:|archive-url=
5235:|archive-url=
5221:|archive-url=
5212:|archive-url=
5195:|archive-url=
5178:|archive-url=
5148:|archive-url=
4939:|quote-pages=
4147:|access-date=
4094:|date=c. 1900
4027:
4011:|lang=Russian
2893:|author-last=
2888:|section-url=
2880:|chapter-url=
2871:|institution=
2857:|quote-pages=
2454:. September 18, 2015.
2452:The Hollywood Reporter
2319:Encyclopedia of Things
2286:Encyclopedia of Things
2248:"Our Favourite Things"
2217:Encyclopedia of Things
1901:Encyclopedia of Things
1871:Encyclopedia of Things
554:audio or video serials
407:magazines, periodicals
225:audio and visual media
35:Template documentation
12574:Template:Cite web/doc
7871:, based on a list in
7862:Tracking of free DOIs
7747:|hdl-access=
7735:|doi-access=
7491:|url-access=
7297:|postscript=
7293:|postscript=
6939:|editor2=...
6827:Dr. Firstname M., Sr.
6708:|quote-page=
6681:. If hyphenated, use
6655:|quote-page=
6580:|title-link=
6553:|title-link=
6549:|title-link=
5720:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
5191:|url-status=
4935:|quote-page=
4849:. Alternatively, use
4776:. If hyphenated, use
4003:|language=ru
3427:|author2=...
3243:|author=Bono
3136:Deprecated parameter
3056:|message-id=
2853:|quote-page=
2788:|book-title=
2734:|dictionary=
2702:|periodical=
2649:Knowledge (XXG):COinS
2637:This template embeds
18:Template:Cite website
12229:Scientific citations
12202:No original research
11818:public mailing lists
11447:Bibcode access level
10655:Place of publication
10131:|script-title=ja:...
7830:|citeseerx=
7771:|ol-access=
7661:"Nifty example data"
7562:|entry-url=
7465:values if possible.
7442:|entry-url=
7245:display-interviewers
7233:display-contributors
7166:em spaces wide; set
7054:, as described above
6829:Do not wikilink—use
6819:Firstname Middlename
6499:) support a special
6385:Standard Book Number
6367:Request for Comments
6217:Mathematical Reviews
6122:or a space; example
6030:ISBN § Overview
6026:Knowledge (XXG):ISBN
5969:or a space; example
5918:10.1038/news070508-7
4720:Agence France-Presse
4249:|cs1-dates=
4241:|orig-date=
4155:|orig-date=
3421:|first1=...
3301:Do not wikilink—use
3291:Firstname Middlename
3016:|citeseerx=
2867:|publisher=
2710:|newspaper=
2130:|format=ODT
2089:|format=PDF
2040:|format=PDF
2036:|format=PDF
1838:. Hearst Corporation
1809:. Hearst Corporation
423:public mailing lists
359:radio or TV episodes
241:AV media liner notes
162:This template uses
12346:Shortened footnotes
12053:Cite AV media notes
12032:Audiovisual-related
11888:unpublished reports
11656:
10401:Name of the website
10028:Editor first name 9
9956:Editor first name 8
9884:Editor first name 7
9812:Editor first name 6
9740:Editor first name 5
9668:Editor first name 4
9596:Editor first name 3
9524:Editor first name 2
9371:Year of publication
8032:
8025:Template parameters
7692:
7470:
7257:display-translators
7193:shortened footnotes
7158:to a numeric value
7052:|veditors=
7025:doubled parentheses
6728:|no-pp=yes
6679:|no-pp=yes
6436:corpus ID; example
5856:1974AJ.....79..819H
5589:HTML tag). Setting
5369:Using |format=
5321:Using |format=
4823:|no-pp=yes
4792:|page=3-12
4774:|no-pp=yes
4752:In-source locations
4197:Shortened footnotes
4153:, etc.) except for
4105:|date=n.d.
4067:Shortened footnotes
3973:Accepted manuscript
3772:shortened footnotes
3605:instead. Aliases:
3575:instead. Aliases:
3546:|vauthors=
3525:doubled parentheses
3424:|last1=...
3207:|vauthors=
3159:
3132:
3104:
3097:
2945:|subject#=
2929:|surname#=
2801:|location=
2714:|magazine=
2614:(and is ignored if
2599:(and is ignored if
2144:"Some ODT Document"
2103:"Some PDF Document"
1642:
1031:
956:
753:
234:Cite AV media notes
191:
171:Module:Citation/CS1
12361:Help for beginners
12313:Citation templates
12265:Referencing styles
11966:Preprint templates
11867:Cite press release
11762:edited collections
11540:Jstor access level
10002:Editor last name 9
9930:Editor last name 8
9858:Editor last name 7
9786:Editor last name 6
9714:Editor last name 5
9642:Editor last name 4
9570:Editor last name 3
9498:Editor last name 2
8023:
8021:
7925:, leave a note at
7835:|medrxiv=
7825:|biorxiv=
7708:|bibcode=
7690:
7654:which renders as:
7647:Nifty example data
7574:|map-url=
7468:
7446:|map-url=
7097:|mode=cs2
7089:|mode=cs1
6833:instead. Aliases:
6732:double parentheses
5906:). Aliases: none.
5888:). Aliases: none.
5638:|ref=none
5630:|ref=harv
5555:§ Identifiers
5359:external link icon
5311:external link icon
4915:. Use only one of
4829:double parentheses
4655:) is not defined,
4613:are defined, then
4587:The Times of India
4556:The New York Times
4271:parameter. Alias:
4189:parameter, unless
3577:translator-surname
3548:as described above
3305:instead. Aliases:
3178:|authors=
3157:
3130:
3102:
3012:|biorxiv=
3008:|bibcode=
2941:|subject=
2937:|author#=
2925:|surname=
2862:|edition=
2823:|version=
2771:|section=
2763:|article=
2739:|chapter=
2722:|website=
2706:|journal=
2595:—may be used with
2211:(April 30, 2005).
1997:"NFL Rules Digest"
1691:Template:cite news
1640:
1029:
954:
751:
515:Cite press release
343:edited collections
276:books and chapters
12547:
12546:
12351:Nesting footnotes
12255:Combining sources
12149:
12148:
11930:technical reports
11860:online newsgroups
11811:Cite mailing list
11790:academic journals
11755:Cite encyclopedia
11734:conference papers
11655:
11654:
11602:OSTI access level
10659:publication-place
10433:Series identifier
9446:Editor first name
8048:
8016:
7986:Template:Cite web
7975:Template:Cite web
7969:and other tools.
7955:
7954:
7893:User:Citation bot
7812:
7811:
7702:Allowed keywords
7596:
7595:
7480:Allowed keywords
6454:Zentralblatt MATH
6090:979-0-9016791-7-7
6020:978-0-8126-9593-9
5858:. Aliases: none.
5842:. Aliases: none.
5728:|arxiv=1501.00001
5669:unique identifier
5640:. Aliases: none.
5583:<cite id="
5505:
5504:
5176:when there is no
4623:publication-place
4603:publication-place
4591:publication-place
4579:publication-place
4445:script-periodical
3929:
3928:
3770:Note: When using
3666:translator1-first
3626:translator-first1
3615:translator-first1
3611:translator1-first
3217:
3216:
3163:Removed parameter
3155:
3154:
3123:
3122:
3028:|eprint=
2999:|degree=
2994:|given#=
2986:|first#=
2933:|author=
2836:|number=
2828:|volume=
2819:|series=
2254:. Open Publishing
2219:. Open Publishing
2197:Using author-link
1873:. Open Publishing
1851:
1850:
1836:Houston Chronicle
1807:Houston Chronicle
1766:parameters while
1764:|volume=
1687:Template:cite web
1685:Choosing between
1673:
1672:
1638:
1637:
1027:
1026:
952:
951:
706:
705:
621:technical reports
490:online newsgroups
416:Cite mailing list
391:academic journals
336:Cite encyclopedia
311:conference papers
184:
183:
150:
149:
126:
125:
119:cascade-protected
117:onto one or more
96:
95:
16:(Redirected from
12678:
12641:
12634:
12614:
12603:
12587:
12506:
12500:
12495:
12489:
12484:
12478:
12473:
12467:
12415:Cite link labels
12328:Inline citations
12318:Reflist template
12288:Citation Style 2
12283:Citation Style 1
12212:Reliable sources
12176:
12169:
12162:
12153:
12133:
12127:
12090:
12084:
12079:
12073:
12068:
12062:
12057:
12051:
12046:
12040:
12024:
12018:
12013:
12007:
12002:
11996:
11991:
11985:
11980:
11974:
11955:
11949:
11941:
11935:
11927:
11923:Cite tech report
11921:
11913:
11907:
11899:
11893:
11885:
11879:
11871:
11865:
11857:
11851:
11843:
11837:
11829:
11823:
11815:
11809:
11801:
11795:
11787:
11781:
11773:
11767:
11759:
11753:
11745:
11739:
11731:
11725:
11717:
11711:
11694:Citation Style 1
11687:
11680:
11673:
11664:
11638:
11620:
11607:
11589:
11576:
11558:
11545:
11527:
11514:
11509:HDL access level
11496:
11483:
11478:DOI access level
11465:
11452:
11423:
11394:
11371:
11348:
11343:Translated quote
11325:
11302:
11279:
11256:
11233:
11210:
11187:
11164:
11141:
11118:
11095:
11072:
11049:
11030:JSTOR identifier
11026:
11003:
10980:
10957:
10939:
10927:
10904:
10881:
10858:
10835:
10812:
10789:
10766:
10761:arXiv identifier
10748:
10735:
10706:
10683:
10682:publication-date
10678:Publication date
10660:
10637:
10614:
10585:
10582:
10559:
10536:
10513:
10490:
10461:
10438:
10409:
10406:
10383:
10380:
10357:
10334:
10331:
10313:
10301:
10298:
10280:'dead' or 'live'
10268:
10265:
10262:
10259:
10256:
10251:Suggested values
10242:
10224:
10221:
10218:
10213:Suggested values
10205:
10200:URL access level
10176:
10173:
10150:
10145:Translated title
10126:
10103:
10079:
10056:
10033:
10010:
10007:
9984:
9961:
9938:
9935:
9912:
9889:
9866:
9863:
9840:
9817:
9794:
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9745:
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9696:
9673:
9650:
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9624:
9601:
9578:
9575:
9552:
9529:
9506:
9503:
9480:
9477:
9454:
9451:
9428:
9425:
9422:
9417:Editor last name
9399:
9376:
9353:
9335:
9332:
9329:
9324:Suggested values
9316:
9292:
9268:
9245:
9222:
9219:
9196:
9173:
9170:
9147:
9144:
9121:
9098:
9095:
9072:
9069:
9046:
9023:
9020:
8997:
8994:
8971:
8948:
8945:
8922:
8919:
8896:
8873:
8870:
8847:
8844:
8821:
8798:
8795:
8772:
8769:
8746:
8723:
8720:
8697:
8694:
8671:
8648:
8645:
8622:
8619:
8596:
8573:
8570:
8547:
8544:
8521:
8498:
8495:
8472:
8469:
8446:
8423:
8420:
8397:
8394:
8371:
8348:
8345:
8322:
8319:
8296:
8273:
8270:
8247:
8244:
8221:
8198:
8195:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8057:
8049:
8033:
8030:
8011:
8007:
8001:
7995:
7945:
7938:
7917:
7913:
7910:with the format
7901:
7900:10.xxxx/yyyy....
7886:
7878:
7856:pmc-embargo-date
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7820:|arxiv=
7808:
7803:
7802:|s2cid=
7796:
7791:
7784:
7779:
7772:
7767:
7760:
7755:
7754:|jstor=
7748:
7743:
7736:
7731:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7693:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7665:
7663:
7650:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7592:
7587:
7580:
7575:
7568:
7563:
7556:
7551:
7544:
7539:
7532:
7527:
7520:
7519:
7515:
7511:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7471:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7427:
7412:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7251:display-subjects
7214:
7206:
7202:
7162:to set the dash
7129:interviewer-mask
7117:contributor-mask
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7053:
7032:
7010:
7006:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6737:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6716:|pages=
6713:
6709:
6705:
6704:|quote=
6694:
6690:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6667:|pages=
6664:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6651:|quote=
6633:
6602:is defined, use
6584:convenience link
6581:
6577:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6536:
6529:
6528:>-access=
6514:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6485:|eissn=
6482:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6456:
6439:
6434:Semantic Scholar
6421:
6390:
6389:|sbn=356-02201-3
6372:
6354:
6347:
6322:pmc-embargo-date
6313:
6305:
6283:
6265:
6247:
6222:
6204:
6200:
6199:|lccn=2004042477
6196:
6178:
6160:
6156:
6125:
6091:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6033:
6021:
6003:
6002:|hdl=20.1000/100
5972:
5971:|eissn=1557-2986
5923:
5919:
5901:
5883:
5871:
5857:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5755:
5754:|asin=B00005N5PF
5729:
5725:
5724:|arxiv=0706.0001
5721:
5703:
5699:
5682:
5678:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5595:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5530:
5529:
5520:
5433:
5429:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5371:
5337:
5323:
5290:
5281:
5277:
5270:; used when the
5269:
5265:
5248:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5153:
5152:|title=
5149:
5145:
5131:
5123:
5101:
5089:
5078:
5070:Internet Archive
5064:: The URL of an
5052:hidden or styled
5049:
5041:
4999:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4944:
4943:|quote=
4940:
4936:
4926:
4922:
4921:|pages=
4918:
4914:
4913:|pages=
4910:
4897:
4893:|pages=
4890:
4886:
4882:
4879:to suppress the
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4833:|pages=
4824:
4820:
4816:
4815:|pages=
4812:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4766:|pages=
4763:
4712:Associated Press
4698:
4659:is displayed as
4657:publication-date
4641:publication-date
4629:publication-date
4583:The Boston Globe
4490:
4479:trans-periodical
4437:script-newspaper
4377:is defined, use
4368:
4360:
4338:
4337:
4328:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4214:
4204:
4188:
4184:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4131:Citation Style 1
4128:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4095:
4091:
4076:
4061:
4045:Template:Undated
4030:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3939:
3925:
3912:{{bracket|text}}
3878:
3847:
3816:is defined, use
3793:
3725:translator1-link
3714:translator-link1
3707:translator1-link
3703:translator-link1
3662:translator1-last
3648:translator-first
3637:translator-first
3622:translator-last1
3607:translator-given
3599:translator-first
3589:translator-last1
3585:translator1-last
3556:
3547:
3532:
3510:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3385:
3299:Firstname M. Sr.
3278:
3274:
3273:|first=
3244:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3179:
3160:
3133:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3088:|s2cid=
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:|jstor=
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3024:|eissn=
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:|arxiv=
3000:
2995:
2991:
2990:|given=
2987:
2983:
2982:|first=
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2953:|host#=
2950:
2946:
2942:
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2934:
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2918:
2914:
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2906:
2902:
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2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:|pages=
2842:
2837:
2833:
2832:|issue=
2829:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2797:|place=
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:|title=
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:|entry=
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2652:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2533:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2443:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2346:. April 30, 2005
2339:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2310:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2277:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2242:
2235:Multiple authors
2228:
2226:
2224:
2204:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2173:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2131:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2090:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1861:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:|issue=
1757:
1751:
1744:can be used for
1743:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1643:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
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1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
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1532:
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1511:
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1499:
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1478:
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1400:
1397:
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1313:
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1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
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12482:
12476:
12471:
12465:
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12322:
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12260:Offline sources
12245:Citation needed
12233:
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9315:name-list-style
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9311:Name list style
9291:display-authors
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9287:Display authors
9266:
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8014:
8009:
8005:
7999:
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7983:
7936:
7915:
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7899:
7876:
7869:DOI registrants
7864:
7790:|ssrn=
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7717:
7684:
7680:
7676:
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7416:
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7239:display-editors
7227:display-authors
7218:
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7196:
7187:
7179:
7171:
7155:
7141:translator-mask
7100:
7092:
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7079:Display options
7064:display-editors
7021:Vancouver style
7008:
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7001:Vancouver style
6996:
6992:
6988:
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6970:
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6791:editor1-surname
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6695:). Alias: none.
6688:
6682:
6663:|page=
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6493:|issn=
6489:|isbn=
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6438:|s2cid=37220927
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6388:
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6300:open repository
6281:
6263:
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6220:
6203:|lccn=e09001178
6202:
6198:
6194:
6176:
6159:|jfm=53.0144.01
6158:
6124:|issn=2049-3630
6123:
6089:
6088:; for example:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6019:
6018:; for example:
6001:
5970:
5947:https://doi.org
5943:doi-broken-date
5917:
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5899:
5881:
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5701:
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5661:
5654:
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5609:
5602:shortened notes
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5424:percent-encoded
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4471:trans-newspaper
4441:script-magazine
4417:in this field.
4362:
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4325:
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3718:translator-link
3699:translator-link
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3655:translator-last
3651:
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3630:translator-last
3603:translator-link
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3569:translator-last
3554:
3521:Vancouver style
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3477:name-list-style
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3459:
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3277:|last=
3227:
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3202:
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3100:
3084:|ssrn=
3076:|pmid=
3068:|osti=
3064:|oclc=
3052:|lccn=
3040:|issn=
3036:|isbn=
2949:|host=
2917:|last=
2841:|page=
2810:|year=
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2718:|work=
2690:
2681:
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2673:
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2635:
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2321:. 30 April 2005
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2096:
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2022:Using "format="
2009:
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1408:doi-broken-date
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1125:
1122:
1119:
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734:|isbn=
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632:
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396:
386:
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364:
354:
348:
338:
332:
322:
316:
306:
304:Cite conference
300:
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140:AutoWikiBrowser
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12555:metadata; see
12545:
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12460:
12456:
12455:
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12452:
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12442:
12437:
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12420:Citation tools
12417:
12411:
12409:
12405:
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12396:
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12376:
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12369:Reference-tags
12365:
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12279:
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12275:Citing sources
12271:
12270:
12268:
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12262:
12257:
12252:
12247:
12241:
12239:
12238:General advice
12235:
12234:
12232:
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12226:
12224:Citing sources
12221:
12220:
12219:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12193:
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12069:
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12033:
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12028:
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12025:
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11998:Cite CiteSeerX
11992:
11981:
11969:
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11963:
11962:
11960:
11959:
11956:
11945:
11942:
11931:
11928:
11917:
11914:
11903:
11902:signs, plaques
11900:
11889:
11886:
11875:
11874:press releases
11872:
11861:
11858:
11853:Cite newsgroup
11847:
11844:
11833:
11830:
11819:
11816:
11805:
11802:
11791:
11788:
11777:
11774:
11769:Cite interview
11763:
11760:
11749:
11746:
11735:
11732:
11721:
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11706:
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11698:
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9214:Author link 15
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8377:
8376:
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8365:
8364:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8350:
8342:
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8334:
8331:
8328:
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8324:
8316:
8314:Author link 3
8313:
8312:
8308:
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8239:Author link 2
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8230:
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8215:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8204:
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8200:
8192:
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8188:
8184:
8181:
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8177:
8174:
8168:subject1-link
8165:subject-link1
8151:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8130:author1-first
8127:author-first1
8110:
8107:
8106:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8092:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8044:
8041:
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8034:
8031:
8026:
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8010:|author-last=
8004:
7998:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7987:
7982:
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7968:
7964:
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7951:
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7928:
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7920:
7909:
7905:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7882:
7874:
7870:
7866:
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7861:
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7857:
7853:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7775:
7769:
7766:|ol=
7763:
7757:
7751:
7745:
7739:
7733:
7727:
7711:
7705:
7694:
7688:
7669:
7664:. 2021-04-15.
7662:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7627:registration
7599:
7589:
7583:
7577:
7571:
7565:
7559:
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7489:
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7472:
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7385:
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7325:
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7307:
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7243:
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7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7200:
7194:
7189:
7181:
7173:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7150:or text. Set
7149:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
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7036:
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7029:
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7026:
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7018:
7015:
7002:
6978:
6975:
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6964:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6946:
6943:
6930:
6923:
6915:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6885:
6877:
6870:
6863:
6862:editor-first1
6859:
6855:
6852:
6851:editor1-given
6848:
6847:editor-given1
6844:
6840:
6839:editor1-first
6836:
6835:editor-first1
6832:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6744:
6733:
6720:|at=
6706:. Use either
6701:
6697:
6687:
6671:|at=
6653:. Use either
6648:
6645:
6640:
6637:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6573:
6568:
6539:
6531:
6521:
6520:access status
6516:
6502:
6473:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6420:|ssrn=1900856
6417:
6413:
6410:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6352:
6349:See also the
6343:
6339:
6336:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6311:
6308:See also the
6301:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6282:|osti=4367507
6279:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6246:|oclc=9355469
6243:
6242:union catalog
6240:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6155:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6118:, but not an
6117:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6057:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6040:
6038:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6007:
5999:
5998:Handle System
5995:
5992:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5968:
5965:, but not an
5964:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5924:). Aliases:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5879:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5690:
5686:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:§ Anchor
5651:
5645:
5635:
5624:
5614:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5536:
5527:
5526:MOS:DATEUNIFY
5519:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5434:
5431:
5425:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5378:
5370:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5285:
5273:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5244:
5229:
5215:
5198:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5172:to mark dead
5169:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5129:
5128:use mdy dates
5121:
5120:use dmy dates
5115:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5082:
5081:archive.today
5076:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5046:use mdy dates
5039:
5038:use dmy dates
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5018:For example,
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4991:
4985:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4932:
4925:|at=
4906:
4902:
4896:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4853:, like this:
4851:|at=
4841:
4830:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4782:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:trans-website
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4467:trans-journal
4464:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4365:cite magazine
4358:
4353:(required by
4352:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4335:
4334:MOS:DATEUNIFY
4327:
4324:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4264:
4263:use mdy dates
4256:
4255:use dmy dates
4245:|df=
4230:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4210:
4207:
4206:disambiguator
4203:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4170:
4169:use mdy dates
4162:
4161:use dmy dates
4136:
4132:
4125:
4124:
4121:can be added.
4108:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3981:Press release
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:collaboration
3739:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3558:: deprecated
3557:
3552:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3502:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:Replace with
3138:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3060:|mr=
3002:
2997:
2956:
2891:
2874:
2865:
2860:
2849:|at=
2839:
2826:
2817:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2737:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2685:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2462:September 21,
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2419:on 2005-09-07
2415:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2350:September 17,
2345:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2287:
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2279:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2223:September 17,
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2010:September 17,
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1877:September 17,
1872:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1779:cite magazine
1773:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1678:Prerequisites
1675:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:Prerequisites
1648:
1646:Vertical list
1645:
1644:
1219:editor-first2
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
965:
959:
958:
860:
859:
858:
761:
760:
759:
756:
755:
749:
746:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
680:
679:
676:
673:
672:
666:
665:
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652:
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640:
636:
631:
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620:
615:
608:
604:
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596:
589:
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573:
569:
564:
557:
553:
548:
541:
537:
532:
525:
521:
516:
509:
505:
500:
493:
489:
484:
477:
474:news articles
473:
468:
461:
457:
454:
449:
442:
438:
433:
426:
422:
417:
410:
406:
401:
400:Cite magazine
394:
390:
385:
378:
374:
369:
362:
358:
353:
346:
342:
337:
330:
326:
321:
320:Cite document
314:
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298:
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291:
286:
279:
275:
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263:
259:
256:
251:
244:
240:
235:
228:
224:
219:
218:Cite AV media
212:
208:
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193:
189:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
161:
154:
153:
145:
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53:
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45:
41:
19:
12632:
12550:
12549:
12505:}}
12499:{{
12494:}}
12488:{{
12483:}}
12477:{{
12472:}}
12466:{{
12250:Find sources
12132:}}
12126:{{
12089:}}
12083:{{
12078:}}
12075:Cite podcast
12072:{{
12067:}}
12064:Cite episode
12061:{{
12056:}}
12050:{{
12045:}}
12039:{{
12023:}}
12017:{{
12012:}}
12009:Cite medRxiv
12006:{{
12001:}}
11995:{{
11990:}}
11987:Cite bioRxiv
11984:{{
11979:}}
11973:{{
11954:}}
11950:
11948:{{
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11934:{{
11926:}}
11920:{{
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11808:{{
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11794:{{
11786:}}
11783:Cite journal
11780:{{
11772:}}
11766:{{
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11752:{{
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11724:{{
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11710:{{
11641:
11610:
11579:
11548:
11544:jstor-access
11517:
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10907:
10884:
10861:
10838:
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10792:
10769:
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10686:
10663:
10640:
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10588:
10562:
10539:
10516:
10493:
10464:
10441:
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