6409:
1479:...by the fact itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=1}}</ref> ==Family Tree== He's his own grandpa.{{efn-lg|{{harvnb|Latham|1947|p=9}} }} ===FT notes=== {{notelist-lg}} ===FT references=== *{{citation |last=Latham |first=Dwight |date=1947 |title=The Adams family}} ==See also== ]<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=2}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation |last=Smith |date=2018 |title=Smith's other book}}
1919:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1994 | title = Scientific paper written by many
2029:
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in
Knowledge (XXG) or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations for works that do not have a specific author. Several choices
1969:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1995 | title = Another paper by many scientists | journal
240:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> More article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> Still more article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=26}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =
205:
Typical usage is shown in the example below. The text and the footnote are connected by a bi-directional link – clicking on the superscript takes the reader to the footnote, clicking on the footnote number takes them back to the superscript. The clicking on the short citation takes them to the full
4265:
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =
1787:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} More text.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important
Journal }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b
2795:
to make the anchor. (As of
November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad
2827:
Article text.{{sfn |Big
Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | date=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }}
4201:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }}
45:
There are several other templates that are designed for use with shortened footnotes. They differ slightly in the way they format the author-date citation and how much of their functionality is automated. A full list of these related templates is
2874:
Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }}
1420:
Sometimes there is a need to create two or more separate lists of inline footnotes. For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see
2436:
of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both
4890:== References == * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}}
2621:
Article text.{{sfn|Morrison|1987}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite comic |writer=Morrison, Grant |artist=Yeowell, Steve |title=2000 AD |date=August 15, 1987 |publisher=] |ref={{sfnref|Morrison|1987}}
1282:
Interesting fact.{{efn|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2018}}}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2018 | title = Smith's other book }}
3552:
There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
4670:
since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as
Knowledge (XXG) documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal
6599:
4780:
template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom
6587:
6424:
2460:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important
Journal
2509:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important
Journal }}
1351:
Interesting fact.{{#tag:ref|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2017}}}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2017 | title = Smith's other book }}
53:
Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See
6623:
6583:
6420:
5712:
Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
4690:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | date = 2006 }}
4820:
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von
Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
6231:
6226:
5877:
can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this) or plain free-text labels to such anchors. It can be used inside of other citations.
6428:
5701:
Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
5591:
5308:
3361:
3218:
3400:
1432:
To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example
545:
6059:
6221:
2783:
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the
2720:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | date = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }}
3533:
3485:
3468:
6016:
6398:
3707:
6292:
3433:
error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. The error message can be suppressed by adding
6639:
6594:
3099:: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with
766:
is used to create an unusually named link from the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary, and it is more common to use
1243:
can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example. An article that uses this technique extensively is
2445:
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
6644:
6619:
6577:
6416:
6071:
6277:
6145:
786:, no hyperlink is created. However, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply use plain text instead of the template. The parameter
6049:
2705:
to create an anchor for the
Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
6435:
This template generates documentation for the Harv family of templates, varying the text based on the exact usage needed for the given template. See
3654:
6236:
3540:
given in the error message will identify the wrong list-defined reference in the first false-positive error message on the page; this is tracked in
4660:
with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the
4380:
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }}
3768:
5802:
You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
876:"A quote in a secondary source."<ref>{{harvtxt|Smith|2011|p=2}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
1440:(lower-greek). The efn templates are text templates, to link some or all of the content of the efn template to a long citation template such as
6381:
6009:
5889:
4122:; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
3575:
1867:
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both
6462:
6363:
6282:
3941:
3680:
3143:: check the source for the correct spelling, and use the same spelling, spacing, and capitalization in both the short and full citations.
1875:
published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one can be given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
6107:
4571:==References== * {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John ... Smith's book}} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary ... Jones' book}}
6569:
6150:
4186:) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.
6044:
6002:
4106:
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of
2971:, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) when rendering full citations. The postscript is only effective the first time
6287:
840:
Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
6241:
6155:
6216:
6203:
3628:
6193:
6097:
3509:
6140:
6135:
3199:
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parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use
2698:
35:). This citation style is used to reduce clutter in the edit window and to combine multiple citations to the same source.
6054:
3464:
2959:
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with
1422:
6183:
6170:
6102:
6087:
3102:
3087:
from a
Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
6117:
6066:
4657:
4434:
4362:
4348:
4149:
3271:
appropriately, if necessary). Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add
552:
can be used to specify a location in the source in another way, such as section numbers or chapters. The parameters
4763:
3733:
3422:
3411:
When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like
3259:
citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the full citation with the appropriate
6039:
6025:
4666:
6545:
Exclude surrounding the template usage with <ref> tags; this should be used on the sfn family of templates.
3601:
6458:
6450:
6188:
4171:
4153:
987:
214:
24:
4805:
making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript or plain-text label styles.)
3448:
5293:
930:
has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose. Two or more
6454:
3441:
3274:
3262:
3254:
3176:
The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors).
1872:
3306:: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed following the recommendation immediately above.
6257:
6130:
6125:
5318:
5314:
5234:
4090:
3133:
2960:
1954:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1994). "Scientific paper written by many scientists".
1654:
145:> – positional parameters; surnames of next three authors; required if available in the full citation
5650:
2987:
is recommended in order to make it clear that an editor intended there to be no terminal punctuation.
5296:
in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
1891:) are required by the template. Listing more authors is not supported. It is also possible to use the
1609:, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the
1426:
5917:
5902:
3537:
3150:: check the source for the correct year, and use the same year in both the short and full citations.
54:
28:
6262:
5322:
4999:
4972:
3663:
2576:
2564:
5968:
3536:
associated with embedding footnotes in list-defined references are known. One of them is that the
222:
75:
6311:
6272:
5842:
5829:
4991:
4964:
3716:
1443:
725:
can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See
528:
can be used to indicate the location in the source, such as page numbers. For single pages, use
79:
3287:
templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use
6573:
6344:
6092:
5885:
5632:
5590:
This covers the most common templates. Information about all of the templates is available at
4098:
3874:
3451:
and the error message cannot be suppressed, try testing in a sandbox or user subpage instead.
3414:
3337:
3312:
3290:
2966:
2790:
2775:
1648:
1237:
4448:
2004:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1995). "Another paper by many scientists".
1756:. If month and day should be part of the citation as well, both parameters need to be given:
6333:
6267:
6160:
5871:
5724:
4983:
4956:
4866:
4831:
4789:
4356:
4339:
3689:
3637:
3524:
3517:
3083:
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted
1251:
820:
6322:
5983:
5946:
5849:
5770:
4799:
4767:
4748:
4622:
4442:
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4161:
4140:
3584:
3327:
3186:
2656:
2597:
2589:
2061:
1897:
1868:
1451:
1435:
969:
812:
777:
769:
5635:|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
5920:, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with
5727:
and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
3900:
825:
can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote. Examples are below.
6178:
5961:
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g.
5240:
5125:
4775:
4754:
4672:
4117:
4048:
3913:
3803:
3794:
3777:
3742:
3541:
3499:
3477:
3460:
2689:
320:
The first four author surnames (or all authors if fewer than four; use the values from
172:
5723:
Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
4497:
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
3887:
3868:
6633:
5620:
5136:
5119:
4651:
4640:
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4109:
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3610:
3282:
3124:
2799:
1459:
943:
Cite error: The named reference ... was defined multiple times with different content
64:
1904:
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
1883:
If there are more than four authors, the first four authors' surnames (the value in
6211:
5964:
5935:
5927:
5911:
5896:
5812:
5730:
Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
5326:
5301:
4862:
4827:
4614:
4177:
4134:
3932:
3116:
2974:
2954:
2807:
1627:). Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g.
1261:
1244:
1227:
1204:
753:
736:
152:> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter, like
90:{{{1}}} generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:
5977:. The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
5867:
To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors,
1267:
template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.
27:, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a
475:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}</ref>
6373:
3513:
2034:
For a newspaper or periodical, you may use the name of the paper and the date.
1538:
3878:
2586:
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This can be set with
4661:
6403:
4174:
that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template
3494:
444:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}}</ref>
3139:
The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than in the citation.
2048:
Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
5614:
5289:
3396:
3084:
2668:
936:
templates with the same authors, same year, and same page, but different
351:
section below describes workarounds for various common problems, such as
5994:
5793:
The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
676:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|loc=section 7}}</ref>
6479:
This template generates documentation for the Harv family of templates.
5761:. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (
5757:, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example,
5797:); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.
1200:
Sometimes an explanatory footnote requires a citation. Templates like
645:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}}</ref>
2929:
2908:
A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all.
2660:
960:
tag will be different. A workaround is to convert one or some of the
413:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}}</ref>
3447:
with the anchor ID(s) to the article. If you are testing changes in
344:). Authors past the fourth must be omitted or an error will result.
5683:
Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
614:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|pp=25–26}}</ref>
5989:
5956:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">], p. 26</ref>
4474:
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
2862:
Important Government Report (Report). Big Government Agency. 1999.
1788:|title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }}
364:
336: ) are required, followed by the year of publication (from
31:
in the references section at the end of the article (see example
4534:
Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}}
3002:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
2928:
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with
2055:
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using
5998:
5679:
in the citation template. A custom ID must follow these rules:
3110:
The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
946:
message. This message happens because the reference names that
583:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
382:
Article text.<ref>{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
38:
Common problems and known workarounds are given in the section
3512:. It is due to a long-standing bug in mediawiki software (see
2979:
is used for a particular author, year, and location. An empty
6438:
pages that transclude Template:Harvard citation documentation
3349:
If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as
2606:
plus the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
5141:
puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.
3295:
to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.
3169:: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add
1842:
Smith, Karen (Spring–Summer 1993b). "Smith's second paper".
134:> – required; surname of first author or corporate author
5690:
be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
5332:
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
4772:
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the
2894:
1970:= Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }}
1661:
for all accepted date formats except year-initial numeric (
4272:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
4208:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
986:
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a
733:, below.) The postscript is only effective the first time
247:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
60:
Also note that inline use of these templates, i.e. use of
5694:(which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore
5671:, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g.
5156:
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
4349:
Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § In-text attribution
3812:
Article text. More article text. Even more article text.
2051:
Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
47:
5592:
Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors
5309:
Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors
5192:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
5004:
use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
4435:
Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § Bundling citations
4086:
Full citations can be created manually or by templates:
3362:
Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors
3219:
Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors
3037:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
1767:
is used for citation display and metadata purposes, and
356:
6611:
6603:
6437:
5658:
4220:
4218:
3810:(Cite several contributions/chapters in a larger work)
1214:
tags, because the following message will be produced:
952:
creates will be the same, but the content between the
4150:
Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § Short citations
3356:
The citation uses a citation template which supports
3173:
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)
2847:
1833:
Smith, Karen (January 1993a). "Smith's first paper".
3401:
Category:All articles with broken links to citations
2602:, or using CITEREF directly with a concatenation of
1940:
741:
is used for a particular author, year and location.
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6250:
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6169:
6116:
6080:
6032:
5921:
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5626:
3213:The citation uses a template that does not support
5975:<ref name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903" />
3508:This is a false-positive: list-defined references
3455:{{{1}}} embedded in list-defined ref does not work
2494:Smith, Karen (11 May 1997). "Smith's 1997 paper".
726:
5746:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except
4878:
4874:
4870:
4843:
4839:
4835:
2068:in the citation template can handle these cases.
2037:For a publication by an institution, use either:
1624:{{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
1618:{{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
1605:Where there is a need to cite more than one work
863:, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
360:
201:; information such as a section or figure number.
161:– specific page referenced in the source (alias:
6399:Category:Pages using sfn with unknown parameters
5924:followed by a concatenation of the arguments to
4365:to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
3510:do not work correctly when references are nested
3399:using these templates are added to the category
3229:. Alternatively, an anchor can be created using
2379:
1657:templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to
6472:TemplateData for Harvard citation documentation
4287:
4285:
4068:
4029:
2542:Smith, Karen (May 1998). "Smith's 1998 paper".
5954:which, in turn, has the same functionality as
5940:should have exactly the same functionality as
5605:parameter in citation templates is preferred.
3146:The year is different here than the citation.
3132:The citation uses a template from the list at
3113:The Harvard citation uses a template (such as
2796:links. It is always possible to simply remove
1685:anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
1161:
1039:
1016:
6010:
4855:The theory was developed by ] and ] (],],]).
3225:: Consider modifying the template to support
2983:will also suppress terminal punctuation, but
1607:by the same author published in the same year
990:can be added to the location or page number.
493:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}
193:are inappropriate; may be used to supplement
8:
6476:
5892:) to detect that a link goes to a citation.
4619:is inappropriate for bundled citations; use
3827:
1990:
1863:More than one author with the same last name
352:
6578:Template:Harvard citation documentation/doc
6469:in articles based on its TemplateData.
5938:|Smith|2006|p=26}}
5623:|Smith|2006|p=25}}
4667:deprecated by the Knowledge (XXG) community
3873:. United States Department of Agriculture.
3437:to the template, or by adding the template
3244:The full citation does not use a template:
1920:scientists | journal = Important Journal }}
921:
532:; for multiple pages (such as ranges), use
173:individual pages and / or range(s) of pages
6593:Editors can experiment in this template's
6482:
6017:
6003:
5995:
5942:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">
2774:Citation format does not support anchors:
4941:
4917:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1943),
4909:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1937),
4901:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1936),
3917:
3904:
3891:
3407:Link works but displays a no target error
1196:A citation inside an explanatory footnote
782:in the reference section. If you specify
5973:, which, once defined, can be called by
5790:field must be replaced with underscores
5667:A few articles create a custom ID using
5613:The Harvard citation templates create a
3839:
3555:
3375:Otherwise, check that the reference has
3247:It has no wikicode to create an anchor.
2641:
6467:Template:Harvard citation documentation
5786:If CITEREF is used, then spaces in the
5313:The most common citation templates are
5205:
5169:
4703:
4546:
4509:
4281:
4214:
4061:
4022:
3987:
3952:
3820:
3708:Harvard citation with colon no brackets
3050:
3015:
2887:
2840:
2732:
2634:
2521:
2473:
2372:
2209:
1982:
1932:
1800:
1752:: not supported, the template must use
1722:: month or season ranges and year dates
1665:). It is not necessary to include both
1629:{{cite book|...|last=Smith|date=2006b}}
1547:
1500:
1364:
1314:
1296:
1150:
889:
853:
687:
656:
625:
594:
486:
462:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}}
455:
424:
393:
256:
6640:Documentation shared content templates
5787:
5676:
3870:Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957
3851:
3484:" is not used in the content (see the
3434:
3369:
3357:
3322:
3268:
3226:
3214:
3207:
3181:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3154:
2984:
2980:
2948:
2784:
2702:
2583:
2442:
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2433:
2429:
2056:
1892:
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1819:
1807:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1635:Templates that use Module:Citation/CS1
1507:
937:
927:
791:
787:
783:
763:
730:
727:§ Adding additional comments or quotes
722:
718:
565:
561:
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541:
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341:
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190:
186:
182:
176:
168:
162:
158:
6278:Converting between references formats
5890:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js
5765:) or a double straight quote symbol (
5266:
5212:
5176:
5100:
5081:
5062:
5044:
5026:
4711:
4557:
4553:
4520:
4516:
4485:
4481:
4387:
4303:
4291:
4236:
4224:
4072:
4033:
3994:
3959:
3784:
3754:
3750:
3723:
3697:
3670:
3644:
3618:
3591:
3095:appear at the bottom of the article.
3057:
3022:
2739:
2528:
2480:
2396:"An Article by an Anonymous Author".
1566:
1554:
1371:
1321:
1157:
1035:
1012:
982:Adding a URL for the page or location
900:
896:
860:
7:
6463:See a monthly parameter usage report
5769:), which may however be included by
5288:These templates use two elements: a
3548:Other author–date citation templates
2812:, leaving plain text without links.
2257:''Popular Magazine''
1216:
942:
805:Adding additional comments or quotes
694:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|loc=section 7}}
365:multiple authors with same last name
348:
206:citation in the references section.
39:
6293:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
6232:Referencing without using templates
6227:Referencing with citation templates
5974:
5955:
5941:
5753:Inclusion of any other characters,
5329:
5292:in the body of the article, and an
4183:
4167:
3299:
2925:
2233:. Big Government Institution. 1996.
2216:
2025:No author name in citation template
1217:Cite error references missing group
1211:
1210:can't be directly imbedded between
975:
957:
953:
218:
210:
71:
6645:Documentation assistance templates
5245:puts parentheses around the year.
5093:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}}
3079:Wikilink to citation does not work
2701:family of templates use parameter
2319:An Article by an Anonymous Author
1720:|date=Winter–Spring 2013c
1416:Multiple lists of inline citations
1383:Clarification of interesting fact.
1303:Clarification of interesting fact.
954:<ref name="FOOTNOTE...">
663:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}}
209:Template {{{1}}} is placed inside
175:referenced in the source (alias:
14:
5864:is a name such as the publisher.
4459:also produces bundled citations.
882:"A quote in a secondary source."
431:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}}
23:is designed to be used to create
6407:
4266:2008 | title = Smith's Book }}
3655:Harvard citation with colon text
3467:, you may get a false-positive "
3300:<cite>...</cite>
1710:|date=November 9, 2013b
1702:: month or season and year dates
241:2020 | title = Smith's Book }}
223:was deprecated in September 2020
76:was deprecated in September 2020
6283:Reference display customization
4747:More exotic Harvard citations:
4126:Applications of these templates
4069:Smith, Jones & Brown (2005)
3867:Stefferud, Alfred, ed. (1957).
2895:A particularly unusual citation
2040:The initials of the institution
1706:|date=9 November 2013b
1250:It is also possible to use the
632:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|pp=25–26}}
361:multiple works in the same year
5074:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}
5056:{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}
3899:Stout, P. R.; Johnson, C. M. "
3769:Harvard citation year brackets
1736:|date=Summer 2024–25e
1716:|date=June–July 2013c
1212:<ref>...</ref>
976:<ref>...</ref>
219:<ref>...</ref>
211:<ref>...</ref>
72:<ref>...</ref>
1:
6050:Biographies of living persons
5967:|Joyce|1903|p=
5744:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~
5233:Similarly, in order to mimic
5118:Parentheses around the year:
5038:{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4936:Some articles use this idiom
4919:Yet Another Mathematics Paper
4170:span can be used to create a
4030:Smith, Jones & Brown 2005
3210:is set correctly (see below).
3193:is set correctly (see below).
3161:field, but the format of the
122:> }}</ref>
5992:'ed for quicker load times.
5884:prefix is necessary for the
5705:are preferred to names like
5330:<a name="CITEREF">
4861:The theory was developed by
4826:The theory was developed by
3576:Harvard citation no brackets
2667: (August 15, 1987).
2659:), Yeowell, Steve (
2582:template uses the parameter
1674:
1601:More than one work in a year
1423:Template:Houston family tree
217:. (Using {{{1}}} outside of
6288:References and page numbers
6222:Introduction to referencing
6026:Knowledge (XXG) referencing
5932:. E.g.: this template call
5617:to the anchor. For example
5019:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}
3942:Shortened footnote template
3681:Harvard citation with colon
3395:Templates that have broken
2924:It is also possible to use
2166:Big Government Institution
2043:The name of the institution
1700:|date=Winter 2013b
1642:{{sfn}}
1612:{{sfn}}
963:{{sfn}}
949:{{sfn}}
933:{{sfn}}
601:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}
544:for single pages can cause
512:Location in the source text
400:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}
281:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=26}}
272:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}
263:{{{{{1}}}|Smith|2020|p=25}}
94:<ref>{{{{{1}}} | <
6661:
6567:
6453:for this template used by
6237:Referencing dos and don'ts
5648:
5601:parameter in place of the
5306:
4764:Template:Harvard citations
4761:
4432:
4346:
4147:
3492:
3302:span to create an anchor.
3091:The correct citation does
2848:Big Government Agency 1999
1749:|date=2013g-11-09
926:: In the past, the use of
185:– in-source location when
171:– comma-separated list of
32:
6624:Subpages of this template
6490:
6382:Parenthetical referencing
6217:Citations quick reference
6184:Punctuation and footnotes
5886:reference tooltips gadget
5609:Harvard citation wikilink
5260:{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5253:
5250:
5149:
5146:
5012:
5009:
4911:Another Mathematics Paper
4813:
4810:
4683:
4680:
4467:
4464:
4373:
4370:
4194:
4191:
3463:an {{{1}}} template in a
3321:: Check that the text in
2995:
2992:
2820:
2817:
2713:
2710:
2614:
2611:
2453:
2450:
2076:
2073:
1912:
1909:
1844:Another Important Journal
1794:Article text. More text.
1780:
1777:
1758:|date=2013-11-09
1732:|date=2024–2025e
1677:). If both are included,
1472:
1469:
1464:within the efn template.
1275:
1272:
998:
995:
833:
830:
576:
573:
375:
372:
233:
230:
6136:Citation Style Vancouver
5895:
4154:Help:Shortened footnotes
3828:Stout & Johnson 1957
3435:|ignore-err=yes
3372:is set to a matching id.
3200:Citation Style Vancouver
2699:Citation Style Vancouver
2244:
2083:
1771:for link disambiguation.
1696:|date=Jan 2013b
1692:: simple year only dates
1051:
1028:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
1005:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
516:The optional parameters
6364:Knowledge (XXG) Library
6033:Policies and guidelines
4658:parenthetical reference
4361:can be used to link an
3471:which looks like this:
3449:Special:ExpandTemplates
3231:{{wikicite|id={{harvid|
1879:Large number of authors
1726:|date=c. 2013d
1524:Latham, Dwight (1947),
1485:...by the fact itself.
1133:Smith's other book
899:, p. 2) quoted in
762:The optional parameter
717:The optional parameter
353:large number of authors
6618:Add categories to the
6412:Template documentation
6302:Template documentation
6242:Citing Knowledge (XXG)
5645:Using CITEREF directly
4942:implementation details
3759:(and many other forms)
3478:list-defined reference
3465:list-defined reference
3267:template (and set the
2655:Morrison, Grant (
1873:Claudia Lauper Bushman
1491:He's his own grandpa.
922:
758:and similar templates.
540:for multiple pages or
4664:of articles has been
4338:In text attribution:
3749:John Smith (
3629:Harvard citation text
745:Hard-coded link names
719:|postscript=
560:exist as aliases for
6516:Name of the template
6072:Scientific citations
6045:No original research
5675:) or as a value for
5637:produces the anchor
5284:Implementation notes
5237:citations, template
4953:Using colon format:
4726:Smith, John (2006).
4591:Jones, Mary (2010).
4582:Smith, John (2010).
4398:Smith, John (2009),
4317:Smith, John (2008).
4250:Smith, John (2007).
4182:(without the use of
4133:Shortened footnote:
3334:matches the text in
3198:The citation uses a
1761:|year=2013x
1754:|year=2013g
1742:|date=n.d.f
1690:|date=2013a
1427:Margaret Lea Houston
291:Smith, John (2020).
6565:
6487:
6485:Template parameters
6394:Tracking categories
6189:Shortened footnotes
5323:Module:Citation/CS1
4363:in-text attribution
3558:
3387:with a matching id.
3153:The template has a
2940:No closing period:
2688:Using {{{1}}} with
2563:Using {{{1}}} with
731:§ No closing period
215:shortened footnotes
25:shortened footnotes
6483:
6481:
6204:Help for beginners
6156:Citation templates
6108:Referencing styles
5742:, and the symbols
5689:
5625:produces the link
5300:Citation template
4673:citation footnotes
4639:Harvard citation:
4418:Bundled citation:
4390:, p. 25) ...
4172:shortened footnote
3557:In-text templates
3556:
3520:is possible using
3469:missing key" error
3165:field is unusual.
3103:citation not found
1728:: circa year dates
1583:Smith's other book
1397:Smith's other book
1357:Interesting fact.
1338:Smith's other book
1289:Interesting fact.
1218:
1177:Smith's other book
944:
846:Some information.
784:|ref=none
316:Author(s) and year
6564:
6563:
6503:
6477:
6461:and other tools.
6390:
6389:
6194:Nesting footnotes
6098:Combining sources
5832:|ref=CITEREF
5759:name="John Smith"
5698:(purely numeric).
5687:
5627:#CITEREFSmith2006
5281:
5280:
5231:
5230:
5115:
5114:
4934:
4933:
4903:Mathematics Paper
4795:is a wrapper for
4744:
4743:
4609:
4608:
4415:
4414:
4335:
4334:
4084:
4083:
3912:Wadleigh, C. H. "
3734:Harvard citations
3423:cite encyclopedia
3208:|harvid=
3076:
3075:
2985:|ps=none
2963:, as produced by
2949:|ps=none
2922:
2921:
2771:
2770:
2755:Smith's 1999 Book
2703:|harvid=
2685:
2684:
2560:
2559:
2544:Important Journal
2496:Important Journal
2414:
2413:
2309:Popular Magazine
2022:
2021:
2006:Important Journal
1991:Smith et al. 1995
1956:Important Journal
1941:Smith et al. 1994
1889:|author=
1860:
1859:
1835:Important Journal
1598:
1597:
1520:
1497:
1413:
1412:
1193:
1192:
940:will result in a
919:
918:
750:Not available in
710:
709:
509:
508:
308:
307:
29:complete citation
6652:
6615:
6607:
6591:
6541:
6512:
6504:
6488:
6440:
6432:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6349:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6327:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6258:Cite link labels
6171:Inline citations
6161:Reflist template
6131:Citation Style 2
6126:Citation Style 1
6055:Reliable sources
6019:
6012:
6005:
5996:
5987:
5976:
5972:
5957:
5953:
5952:</ref>
5951:
5945:
5939:
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5923:
5915:
5899:
5883:
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5856:
5854:
5848:
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5789:
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5768:
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5755:including spaces
5749:
5745:
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5725:English alphabet
5719:
5715:
5708:
5704:
5697:
5693:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5661:
5640:
5639:CITEREFSmith2006
5636:
5628:
5624:
5331:
5319:Citation Style 2
5315:Citation Style 1
5254:Renders as
5248:
5247:
5244:
5235:Citation Style 1
5216:
5210:
5180:
5174:
5150:Renders as
5144:
5143:
5140:
5128:
5122:
5013:Renders as
5007:
5006:
5003:
4995:
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4828:F. J. Murray
4814:Renders as
4808:
4807:
4804:
4798:
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4757:
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4684:Renders as
4678:
4677:
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4626:
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4596:
4587:
4560:
4551:
4523:
4514:
4468:Renders as
4462:
4461:
4458:
4449:bundle citations
4446:
4428:
4422:
4402:
4374:Renders as
4368:
4367:
4360:
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4322:
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4195:Renders as
4189:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4169:
4165:
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4113:
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4091:Citation Style 1
4076:
4066:
4052:
4037:
4027:
4013:
3998:
3992:
3978:
3963:
3957:
3945:
3936:
3921:
3918:Stefferud (1957)
3914:Growth of Plants
3908:
3905:Stefferud (1957)
3895:
3892:Stefferud (1957)
3882:
3854:
3849:
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3605:
3602:Harvard citation
3588:
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3134:Citation Style 1
3128:
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3061:
3055:
3025:
3020:
2996:Renders as
2990:
2989:
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2961:Citation style 2
2958:
2950:
2943:
2927:
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2898:
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2851:
2845:
2821:Renders as
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2609:
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2454:Renders as
2448:
2447:
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2398:Popular Magazine
2386:
2381:Popular Magazine
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2077:Renders as
2071:
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1944:
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1913:Renders as
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1781:Renders as
1775:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:. In this case,
1762:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1744:: no date (n.d.)
1743:
1737:
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1697:
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1684:
1681:is used for the
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1655:Citation Style 1
1652:
1644:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1625:
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40:possible issues
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5703:"Nguyen 2010"
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4714:, p. 25)
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4386:According to
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4364:
4358:
4350:
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4331:
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4306:, p. 26.
4305:
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4294:, p. 25.
4293:
4288:
4286:
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4269:
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4238:
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4075:, p. 50.
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4045:
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4036:, p. 50.
4035:
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4017:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4005:
3997:, p. 25.
3996:
3991:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3962:, p. 25.
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3840:Wadleigh 1957
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3419:(which wraps
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3368:: Check that
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2385:, p. 29.
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2298:cite magazine
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1993:, p. 25)
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1730:
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