24:
1591:...by the fact itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=1}}</ref> ==Family Tree== He's his own grandpa.{{efn-lg|{{harvnb|Latham|1947|p=9}} }} ===FT notes=== {{notelist-lg}} ===FT references=== *{{citation |last=Latham |first=Dwight |date=1947 |title=The Adams family}} ==See also== ]<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=2}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation |last=Smith |date=2018 |title=Smith's other book}}
55:
2031:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1994 | title = Scientific paper written by many
2081:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1995 | title = Another paper by many scientists | journal
2141:
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in
Knowledge or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations for works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
284:
Typical usage is shown in the example below. The text and the footnote are connected by a bi-directional link – clicking on the superscript takes the reader to the footnote, clicking on the footnote number takes them back to the superscript. The clicking on the short citation takes them to the full
319:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> More article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=26}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John |
4377:
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =
1899:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} More text.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important
Journal }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b
2907:
to make the anchor. (As of
November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad
2939:
Article text.{{sfn |Big
Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | date=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }}
4313:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }}
124:
There are several other templates that are designed for use with shortened footnotes. They differ slightly in the way they format the author-date citation and how much of their functionality is automated. A full list of these related templates is
2986:
Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }}
1532:
Sometimes there is a need to create two or more separate lists of inline footnotes. For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see
2548:
of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both
6564:
5002:== References == * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}}
6552:
39:
2733:
Article text.{{sfn|Morrison|1987}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite comic |writer=Morrison, Grant |artist=Yeowell, Steve |title=2000 AD |date=August 15, 1987 |publisher=] |ref={{sfnref|Morrison|1987}}
1394:
Interesting fact.{{efn|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2018}}}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2018 | title = Smith's other book }}
6588:
6548:
3664:
There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
35:
4782:
since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as
Knowledge documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal
4892:
template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom
2572:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important
Journal
2621:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important
Journal }}
1463:
Interesting fact.{{#tag:ref|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2017}}}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2017 | title = Smith's other book }}
43:
132:
Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See
5824:
Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
6559:
4802:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | date = 2006 }}
4932:
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von
Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
6343:
6338:
5989:
can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this) or plain free-text labels to such anchors. It can be used inside of other citations.
5813:
Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
6584:
6542:
3512:
1544:
To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example
645:
31:
6333:
2895:
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the
2832:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | date = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }}
5703:
5420:
3645:
3597:
3580:
3473:
3330:
6171:
6526:
3545:
error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. The error message can be suppressed by adding
6128:
3211:: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with
6409:
878:
is used to create an unusually named link from the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary, and it is more common to use
1355:
can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example. An article that uses this technique extensively is
6604:
2557:
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
6394:
6252:
898:, no hyperlink is created. However, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply use plain text instead of the template. The parameter
2817:
to create an anchor for the
Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
3766:
6183:
3652:
given in the error message will identify the wrong list-defined reference in the first false-positive error message on the page; this is tracked in
4772:
with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the
6161:
4492:
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }}
3880:
5914:
You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
988:"A quote in a secondary source."<ref>{{harvtxt|Smith|2011|p=2}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
1552:(lower-greek). The efn templates are text templates, to link some or all of the content of the efn template to a long citation template such as
6348:
6001:
4234:; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
3687:
1979:
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both
6399:
4053:
3792:
3255:: check the source for the correct spelling, and use the same spelling, spacing, and capitalization in both the short and full citations.
1987:
published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one can be given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
6509:
6219:
6121:
4683:==References== * {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John ... Smith's book}} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary ... Jones' book}}
6257:
4298:) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.
4218:
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of
3083:, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) when rendering full citations. The postscript is only effective the first time
6534:
6404:
952:
Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
6491:
6328:
6315:
6156:
6114:
3740:
6247:
3311:
2899:
parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use
2810:
114:). This citation style is used to reduce clutter in the edit window and to combine multiple citations to the same source.
6272:
6262:
3576:
3071:
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with
1534:
6305:
6209:
3621:
3214:
3199:
from a
Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
89:
3383:
appropriately, if necessary). Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add
652:
can be used to specify a location in the source in another way, such as section numbers or chapters. The parameters
6353:
6166:
4875:
3845:
3534:
3523:
When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like
3371:
citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the full citation with the appropriate
6295:
6282:
6214:
6199:
3713:
6300:
6229:
6178:
4769:
4546:
4474:
4460:
4283:
4265:
4261:
1099:
293:
103:
72:
4917:
making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript or plain-text label styles.)
6151:
6137:
4778:
3560:
1042:
has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose. Two or more
3553:
3386:
3374:
3366:
3288:
The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors).
1984:
3418:: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed following the recommendation immediately above.
6384:
6369:
6242:
6237:
5430:
5426:
5346:
4202:
3245:
3072:
2066:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1994). "Scientific paper written by many scientists".
1766:
224:> – positional parameters; surnames of next three authors; required if available in the full citation
3099:
is recommended in order to make it clear that an editor intended there to be no terminal punctuation.
5408:
in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
2003:) are required by the template. Listing more authors is not supported. It is also possible to use the
1721:, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the
5405:
1538:
3262:: check the source for the correct year, and use the same year in both the short and full citations.
6374:
5434:
5111:
5084:
3775:
2688:
2676:
6080:
3648:
associated with embedding footnotes in list-defined references are known. One of them is that the
6428:
6389:
5954:
5941:
5762:
5103:
5076:
3828:
1555:
96:
837:
can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See
628:
can be used to indicate the location in the source, such as page numbers. For single pages, use
3399:
templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use
6538:
6472:
6461:
6204:
6029:
6014:
5997:
5744:
5702:
This covers the most common templates. Information about all of the templates is available at
4210:
3986:
3649:
3563:
and the error message cannot be suppressed, try testing in a sandbox or user subpage instead.
3526:
3449:
3424:
3402:
3078:
2902:
2887:
1760:
1349:
133:
107:
2116:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1995). "Another paper by many scientists".
1868:. If month and day should be part of the citation as well, both parameters need to be given:
6450:
6379:
6267:
5983:
5836:
5095:
5068:
4978:
4943:
4901:
4468:
4451:
3801:
3749:
3636:
3629:
3195:
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted
1363:
932:
301:
154:
68:
6439:
6095:
6058:
5961:
5882:
4911:
4879:
4860:
4734:
4554:
4531:
4273:
4252:
3696:
3439:
3298:
2768:
2709:
2701:
2173:
2009:
1980:
1563:
1547:
1081:
924:
889:
881:
158:
5747:|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
6032:, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with
5839:
and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
4012:
937:
can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote. Examples are below.
6290:
6073:
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g.
5352:
5237:
4887:
4866:
4784:
4560:
4229:
4160:
4025:
3915:
3906:
3889:
3854:
3653:
3611:
3589:
3572:
2801:
408:
The first four author surnames (or all authors if fewer than four; use the values from
251:
5835:
Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
4609:
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
3999:
3980:
92:
with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page.
6598:
5732:
5248:
5231:
4763:
4752:
4742:
4566:
4537:
4221:
4121:
4086:
3722:
3394:
3236:
2911:
1571:
1055:
Cite error: The named reference ... was defined multiple times with different content
169:
harvcolnb generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:
143:
61:
2016:
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
1995:
If there are more than four authors, the first four authors' surnames (the value in
6323:
6076:
6047:
6039:
6023:
6008:
5924:
5842:
Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
5438:
5413:
4974:
4939:
4726:
4289:
4246:
4044:
3228:
3086:
3066:
2919:
1739:). Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g.
1373:
1356:
1339:
1316:
865:
848:
572:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}</ref>
231:> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter, like
6089:. The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
5979:
To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors,
1379:
template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.
106:, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a
6501:
3625:
2146:
For a newspaper or periodical, you may use the name of the paper and the date.
1650:
3990:
2698:
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This can be set with
538:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}}</ref>
4773:
4286:
that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template
3606:
18:
3251:
The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than in the citation.
2160:
Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
785:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|loc=section 7}}</ref>
5726:
5401:
3508:
3196:
2780:
1048:
templates with the same authors, same year, and same page, but different
439:
section below describes workarounds for various common problems, such as
6106:
5905:
The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
751:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}}</ref>
5873:. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (
5869:, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example,
504:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}}</ref>
5909:); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.
1312:
Sometimes an explanatory footnote requires a citation. Templates like
3041:
3020:
A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all.
2772:
1072:
tag will be different. A workaround is to convert one or some of the
717:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|pp=25–26}}</ref>
3559:
with the anchor ID(s) to the article. If you are testing changes in
432:). Authors past the fourth must be omitted or an error will result.
5795:
Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
6101:
6068:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">], p. 26</ref>
4586:
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
2974:
Important Government Report (Report). Big Government Agency. 1999.
1900:|title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }}
683:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
470:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
452:
424: ) are required, followed by the year of publication (from
110:
in the references section at the end of the article (see example
4646:
Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}}
3114:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3040:
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with
2167:
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using
6110:
5791:
in the citation template. A custom ID must follow these rules:
3222:
The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
1058:
message. This message happens because the reference names that
117:
Common problems and known workarounds are given in the section
3624:. It is due to a long-standing bug in mediawiki software (see
3091:
is used for a particular author, year, and location. An empty
49:
3461:
If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as
2718:
plus the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
5253:
puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.
3407:
to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.
3281:: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add
1954:
Smith, Karen (Spring–Summer 1993b). "Smith's second paper".
213:> – required; surname of first author or corporate author
5802:
be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
5444:
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
4884:
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the
3006:
2082:= Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }}
1773:
for all accepted date formats except year-initial numeric (
4384:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
4320:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
1098:
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a
845:, below.) The postscript is only effective the first time
326:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
139:
Also note that inline use of these templates, i.e. use of
5806:(which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore
5783:, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g.
5268:
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3924:
Article text. More article text. Even more article text.
2163:
Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
126:
5304:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
5116:
use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
4198:
Full citations can be created manually or by templates:
3149:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
1879:
is used for citation display and metadata purposes, and
444:
6576:
6568:
5770:
4332:
4330:
3922:(Cite several contributions/chapters in a larger work)
1326:
tags, because the following message will be produced:
1064:
creates will be the same, but the content between the
3468:
The citation uses a citation template which supports
3285:
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)
2959:
1945:
Smith, Karen (January 1993a). "Smith's first paper".
6543:
Template:Harvard citation with colon no brackets/doc
3567:
Harvcolnb embedded in list-defined ref does not work
3513:
Category:All articles with broken links to citations
2714:, or using CITEREF directly with a concatenation of
2052:
853:
is used for a particular author, year and location.
590:
6500:
6484:
6418:
6362:
6314:
6281:
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6192:
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6033:
5993:
5780:
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5738:
4461:
Knowledge:Citing sources § In-text attribution
3325:The citation uses a template that does not support
6087:<ref name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903" />
5704:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
5421:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
4547:Knowledge:Citing sources § Bundling citations
3620:This is a false-positive: list-defined references
3474:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
3331:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
2606:Smith, Karen (11 May 1997). "Smith's 1997 paper".
838:
5858:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except
4990:
4986:
4982:
4955:
4951:
4947:
2180:in the citation template can handle these cases.
2149:For a publication by an institution, use either:
1736:{{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
1730:{{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
1717:Where there is a need to cite more than one work
975:, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
448:
280:; information such as a section or figure number.
240:– specific page referenced in the source (alias:
6527:Category:Pages using sfn with unknown parameters
6036:followed by a concatenation of the arguments to
4477:to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
3622:do not work correctly when references are nested
3511:using these templates are added to the category
3341:. Alternatively, an anchor can be created using
2491:
1769:templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to
4399:
4397:
4262:Knowledge:Citing sources § Short citations
4180:
4141:
2654:Smith, Karen (May 1998). "Smith's 1998 paper".
556:
6066:which, in turn, has the same functionality as
6052:should have exactly the same functionality as
5717:parameter in citation templates is preferred.
3258:The year is different here than the citation.
3244:The citation uses a template from the list at
3225:The Harvard citation uses a template (such as
2908:links. It is always possible to simply remove
1797:anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
1273:
1151:
1128:
6122:
4967:The theory was developed by ] and ] (],],]).
3337:: Consider modifying the template to support
3095:will also suppress terminal punctuation, but
1719:by the same author published in the same year
1102:can be added to the location or page number.
272:are inappropriate; may be used to supplement
8:
6004:) to detect that a link goes to a citation.
4731:is inappropriate for bundled citations; use
3939:
2102:
1975:More than one author with the same last name
440:
6050:|Smith|2006|p=26}}
5735:|Smith|2006|p=25}}
3985:. United States Department of Agriculture.
3549:to the template, or by adding the template
3356:The full citation does not use a template:
2032:scientists | journal = Important Journal }}
1033:
632:; for multiple pages (such as ranges), use
252:individual pages and / or range(s) of pages
6558:Editors can experiment in this template's
6129:
6115:
6107:
6054:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">
2886:Citation format does not support anchors:
522:
5053:
5029:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1943),
5021:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1937),
5013:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1936),
4029:
4016:
4003:
3519:Link works but displays a no target error
1308:A citation inside an explanatory footnote
894:in the reference section. If you specify
6085:, which, once defined, can be called by
5902:field must be replaced with underscores
5779:A few articles create a custom ID using
5725:The Harvard citation templates create a
3951:
3667:
3487:Otherwise, check that the reference has
3359:It has no wikicode to create an anchor.
2753:
5898:If CITEREF is used, then spaces in the
5425:The most common citation templates are
5317:
5281:
4815:
4658:
4621:
4393:
4326:
4173:
4134:
4099:
4064:
3932:
3820:Harvard citation with colon no brackets
3162:
3127:
2999:
2952:
2844:
2746:
2633:
2585:
2484:
2321:
2094:
2044:
1912:
1864:: not supported, the template must use
1834:: month or season ranges and year dates
1777:). It is not necessary to include both
1741:{{cite book|...|last=Smith|date=2006b}}
1659:
1612:
1476:
1426:
1408:
1262:
1001:
965:
796:
762:
728:
694:
583:
549:
515:
481:
335:
320:date = 2020 | title = Smith's Book }}
5899:
5788:
3982:Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957
3963:
3596:" is not used in the content (see the
3546:
3481:
3469:
3434:
3380:
3338:
3326:
3319:
3293:
3282:
3274:
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2004:
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1807:
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1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1747:Templates that use Module:Citation/CS1
1619:
1049:
1039:
903:
899:
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875:
842:
839:§ Adding additional comments or quotes
834:
830:
665:
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629:
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621:
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429:
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247:
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6395:Converting between references formats
6002:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js
5877:) or a double straight quote symbol (
5378:
5324:
5288:
5212:
5193:
5174:
5156:
5138:
4823:
4779:deprecated by the Knowledge community
4669:
4665:
4632:
4628:
4597:
4593:
4499:
4415:
4403:
4348:
4336:
4184:
4145:
4106:
4071:
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3866:
3862:
3835:
3809:
3782:
3756:
3730:
3703:
3207:appear at the bottom of the article.
3169:
3134:
2851:
2640:
2592:
2508:"An Article by an Anonymous Author".
1678:
1666:
1483:
1433:
1269:
1147:
1124:
1094:Adding a URL for the page or location
1012:
1008:
972:
803:
769:
735:
701:
488:
366:
354:
342:
7:
5881:), which may however be included by
5400:These templates use two elements: a
3660:Other author–date citation templates
2924:, leaving plain text without links.
2369:''Popular Magazine''
1328:
1054:
917:Adding additional comments or quotes
453:multiple authors with same last name
436:
288:Template harvcolnb is placed inside
285:citation in the references section.
118:
6410:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
6344:Referencing without using templates
6339:Referencing with citation templates
6086:
6067:
6053:
5865:Inclusion of any other characters,
5441:
5404:in the body of the article, and an
4295:
4279:
3411:
3037:
2345:. Big Government Institution. 1996.
2328:
2137:No author name in citation template
1329:Cite error references missing group
1323:
1322:can't be directly imbedded between
1087:
1069:
1065:
297:
289:
150:
5357:puts parentheses around the year.
5205:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}}
3191:Wikilink to citation does not work
2813:family of templates use parameter
2431:An Article by an Anonymous Author
1832:|date=Winter–Spring 2013c
1528:Multiple lists of inline citations
1495:Clarification of interesting fact.
1415:Clarification of interesting fact.
1066:<ref name="FOOTNOTE...">
254:referenced in the source (alias:
14:
5976:is a name such as the publisher.
4571:also produces bundled citations.
994:"A quote in a secondary source."
102:is designed to be used to create
4378:2008 | title = Smith's Book }}
3767:Harvard citation with colon text
3579:, you may get a false-positive "
3412:<cite>...</cite>
1822:|date=November 9, 2013b
1814:: month or season and year dates
302:was deprecated in September 2020
155:was deprecated in September 2020
53:
22:
6400:Reference display customization
4859:More exotic Harvard citations:
4238:Applications of these templates
4181:Smith, Jones & Brown (2005)
3979:Stefferud, Alfred, ed. (1957).
3007:A particularly unusual citation
2152:The initials of the institution
1818:|date=9 November 2013b
1362:It is also possible to use the
449:multiple works in the same year
6605:Author–date citation templates
5186:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}
5168:{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4011:Stout, P. R.; Johnson, C. M. "
3881:Harvard citation year brackets
1848:|date=Summer 2024–25e
1828:|date=June–July 2013c
1324:<ref>...</ref>
1088:<ref>...</ref>
298:<ref>...</ref>
296:. (Using harvcolnb outside of
290:<ref>...</ref>
151:<ref>...</ref>
1:
6162:Biographies of living persons
6079:|Joyce|1903|p=
5856:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~
5345:Similarly, in order to mimic
5230:Parentheses around the year:
5150:{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5048:Some articles use this idiom
5031:Yet Another Mathematics Paper
4282:span can be used to create a
4142:Smith, Jones & Brown 2005
3322:is set correctly (see below).
3305:is set correctly (see below).
3273:field, but the format of the
557:Smith, Jones & Brown 2020
201:> }}</ref>
173:<ref>{{harvcolnb | <
6104:'ed for quicker load times.
5996:prefix is necessary for the
5817:are preferred to names like
5442:<a name="CITEREF">
4973:The theory was developed by
4938:The theory was developed by
3688:Harvard citation no brackets
2779: (August 15, 1987).
2771:), Yeowell, Steve (
2694:template uses the parameter
1786:
1713:More than one work in a year
1535:Template:Houston family tree
6405:References and page numbers
6385:Citation merging (bundling)
6334:Introduction to referencing
6044:. E.g.: this template call
5729:to the anchor. For example
5131:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4054:Shortened footnote template
3793:Harvard citation with colon
3575:an Harvcolnb template in a
3507:Templates that have broken
3036:It is also possible to use
2278:Big Government Institution
2155:The name of the institution
1812:|date=Winter 2013b
1754:{{sfn}}
1724:{{sfn}}
1075:{{sfn}}
1061:{{sfn}}
1045:{{sfn}}
644:for single pages can cause
612:Location in the source text
6621:
6532:
6349:Referencing dos and don'ts
5760:
5713:parameter in place of the
5418:
4876:Template:Harvard citations
4873:
4544:
4458:
4259:
3604:
3414:span to create an anchor.
3203:The correct citation does
2960:Big Government Agency 1999
1861:|date=2013g-11-09
1038:: In the past, the use of
264:– in-source location when
250:– comma-separated list of
111:
6589:Subpages of this template
6510:Parenthetical referencing
6329:Citations quick reference
6296:Punctuation and footnotes
5998:reference tooltips gadget
5721:Harvard citation wikilink
5372:{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5365:
5362:
5261:
5258:
5124:
5121:
5023:Another Mathematics Paper
4925:
4922:
4795:
4792:
4579:
4576:
4485:
4482:
4306:
4303:
3433:: Check that the text in
3107:
3104:
2932:
2929:
2825:
2822:
2726:
2723:
2565:
2562:
2188:
2185:
2024:
2021:
1956:Another Important Journal
1906:Article text. More text.
1892:
1889:
1870:|date=2013-11-09
1844:|date=2024–2025e
1789:). If both are included,
1584:
1581:
1576:within the efn template.
1387:
1384:
1110:
1107:
945:
942:
676:
673:
463:
460:
312:
309:
6248:Citation Style Vancouver
6007:
4266:Help:Shortened footnotes
3940:Stout & Johnson 1957
3547:|ignore-err=yes
3484:is set to a matching id.
3312:Citation Style Vancouver
2811:Citation Style Vancouver
2356:
2195:
1883:for link disambiguation.
1808:|date=Jan 2013b
1804:: simple year only dates
1163:
1140:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
1117:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
616:The optional parameters
6145:Policies and guidelines
4770:parenthetical reference
4473:can be used to link an
3583:which looks like this:
3561:Special:ExpandTemplates
3343:{{wikicite|id={{harvid|
1991:Large number of authors
1838:|date=c. 2013d
1636:Latham, Dwight (1947),
1597:...by the fact itself.
1245:Smith's other book
1011:, p. 2) quoted in
874:The optional parameter
829:The optional parameter
441:large number of authors
6583:Add categories to the
6419:Template documentation
5757:Using CITEREF directly
5054:implementation details
3871:(and many other forms)
3590:list-defined reference
3577:list-defined reference
3379:template (and set the
2767:Morrison, Grant (
1985:Claudia Lauper Bushman
1603:He's his own grandpa.
1034:
870:and similar templates.
640:for multiple pages or
523:Smith & Jones 2020
27:Template documentation
6138:Knowledge referencing
4776:of articles has been
4450:In text attribution:
3861:John Smith (
3741:Harvard citation text
2800:Using harvcolnb with
2675:Using harvcolnb with
857:Hard-coded link names
831:|postscript=
660:exist as aliases for
6184:Scientific citations
6157:No original research
5787:) or as a value for
5749:produces the anchor
5396:Implementation notes
5349:citations, template
5065:Using colon format:
4838:Smith, John (2006).
4703:Jones, Mary (2010).
4694:Smith, John (2010).
4510:Smith, John (2009),
4429:Smith, John (2008).
4362:Smith, John (2007).
4294:(without the use of
4245:Shortened footnote:
3446:matches the text in
3310:The citation uses a
1873:|year=2013x
1866:|year=2013g
1854:|date=n.d.f
1802:|date=2013a
1539:Margaret Lea Houston
379:Smith, John (2020).
90:author–date citation
60:This template uses
6522:Tracking categories
6301:Shortened footnotes
6273:Multiple references
5435:Module:Citation/CS1
4475:in-text attribution
3670:
3499:with a matching id.
3265:The template has a
3052:No closing period:
843:§ No closing period
294:shortened footnotes
104:shortened footnotes
6316:Help for beginners
6263:Citation templates
6220:Referencing styles
5854:, and the symbols
5801:
5737:produces the link
5412:Citation template
4785:citation footnotes
4751:Harvard citation:
4530:Bundled citation:
4502:, p. 25) ...
4284:shortened footnote
3669:In-text templates
3668:
3632:is possible using
3581:missing key" error
3277:field is unusual.
3215:citation not found
1840:: circa year dates
1695:Smith's other book
1509:Smith's other book
1469:Interesting fact.
1450:Smith's other book
1401:Interesting fact.
1330:
1289:Smith's other book
1056:
958:Some information.
896:|ref=none
404:Author(s) and year
6518:
6517:
6492:Knowledge Library
6306:Nesting footnotes
6210:Combining sources
5944:|ref=CITEREF
5871:name="John Smith"
5810:(purely numeric).
5799:
5739:#CITEREFSmith2006
5393:
5392:
5343:
5342:
5227:
5226:
5046:
5045:
5015:Mathematics Paper
4907:is a wrapper for
4856:
4855:
4721:
4720:
4527:
4526:
4447:
4446:
4196:
4195:
4024:Wadleigh, C. H. "
3846:Harvard citations
3535:cite encyclopedia
3320:|harvid=
3188:
3187:
3097:|ps=none
3075:, as produced by
3061:|ps=none
3034:
3033:
2883:
2882:
2867:Smith's 1999 Book
2815:|harvid=
2797:
2796:
2672:
2671:
2656:Important Journal
2608:Important Journal
2526:
2525:
2421:Popular Magazine
2134:
2133:
2118:Important Journal
2103:Smith et al. 1995
2068:Important Journal
2053:Smith et al. 1994
2001:|author=
1972:
1971:
1947:Important Journal
1710:
1709:
1632:
1609:
1525:
1524:
1305:
1304:
1052:will result in a
1031:
1030:
862:Not available in
822:
821:
609:
608:
591:Smith et al. 2020
396:
395:
108:complete citation
82:
81:
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6580:
6572:
6556:
6477:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6444:
6438:
6433:
6427:
6370:Cite link labels
6354:Citing Knowledge
6283:Inline citations
6268:Reflist template
6243:Citation Style 2
6238:Citation Style 1
6167:Reliable sources
6131:
6124:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6088:
6084:
6069:
6065:
6064:</ref>
6063:
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5867:including spaces
5861:
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5837:English alphabet
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5773:
5752:
5751:CITEREFSmith2006
5748:
5740:
5736:
5443:
5431:Citation Style 2
5427:Citation Style 1
5366:Renders as
5360:
5359:
5356:
5347:Citation Style 1
5328:
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5286:
5262:Renders as
5256:
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5125:Renders as
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4926:Renders as
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4580:Renders as
4574:
4573:
4570:
4561:bundle citations
4558:
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4486:Renders as
4480:
4479:
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4307:Renders as
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4203:Citation Style 1
4188:
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4110:
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4030:Stefferud (1957)
4026:Growth of Plants
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4017:Stefferud (1957)
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3994:
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3714:Harvard citation
3700:
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3246:Citation Style 1
3240:
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3173:
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3132:
3108:Renders as
3102:
3101:
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3073:Citation style 2
3070:
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2510:Popular Magazine
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2493:Popular Magazine
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1893:Renders as
1887:
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1875:. In this case,
1874:
1871:
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1856:: no date (n.d.)
1855:
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1767:Citation Style 1
1764:
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1388:Renders as
1382:
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1367:{{#tag:ref|...}}
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2343:Important Book
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5815:"Nguyen 2010"
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4826:, p. 25)
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4498:According to
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4476:
4470:
4462:
4455:
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4443:
4441:
4440:
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4418:, p. 26.
4417:
4412:
4409:
4406:, p. 25.
4405:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4351:, p. 26.
4350:
4345:
4342:
4339:, p. 25.
4338:
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4187:, p. 50.
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4157:
4156:
4148:, p. 50.
4147:
4143:
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4127:
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4118:
4117:
4109:, p. 25.
4108:
4103:
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4088:
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4082:
4074:, p. 25.
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3952:Wadleigh 1957
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3899:, p. 25
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3706:, p. 25
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3554:Sfn whitelist
3536:
3531:(which wraps
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3480:: Check that
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3318:: check that
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2529:Citation has
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2497:, p. 29.
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2410:cite magazine
2358:Article text.
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2197:Article text.
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2017:
2011:
1990:
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1933:
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1850:: year ranges
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