35:
1602:...by the fact itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=1}}</ref> ==Family Tree== He's his own grandpa.{{efn-lg|{{harvnb|Latham|1947|p=9}} }} ===FT notes=== {{notelist-lg}} ===FT references=== *{{citation |last=Latham |first=Dwight |date=1947 |title=The Adams family}} ==See also== ]<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=2}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation |last=Smith |date=2018 |title=Smith's other book}}
66:
2042:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1994 | title = Scientific paper written by many
2092:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1995 | title = Another paper by many scientists | journal
2152:
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in
Knowledge or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations for works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
295:
Typical usage is shown in the example below. The text and the footnote are connected by a bi-directional link – clicking on the superscript takes the reader to the footnote, clicking on the footnote number takes them back to the superscript. The clicking on the short citation takes them to the full
330:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> More article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=26}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John |
4388:
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =
1910:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} More text.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important
Journal }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b
2918:
to make the anchor. (As of
November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad
2950:
Article text.{{sfn |Big
Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | date=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }}
4324:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }}
135:
There are several other templates that are designed for use with shortened footnotes. They differ slightly in the way they format the author-date citation and how much of their functionality is automated. A full list of these related templates is
2997:
Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }}
1543:
Sometimes there is a need to create two or more separate lists of inline footnotes. For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see
2559:
of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both
6565:
5013:== References == * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}}
6553:
50:
2744:
Article text.{{sfn|Morrison|1987}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite comic |writer=Morrison, Grant |artist=Yeowell, Steve |title=2000 AD |date=August 15, 1987 |publisher=] |ref={{sfnref|Morrison|1987}}
1405:
Interesting fact.{{efn|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2018}}}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2018 | title = Smith's other book }}
6589:
6549:
3675:
There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
46:
4793:
since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as
Knowledge documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal
4903:
template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom
2583:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important
Journal
2632:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important
Journal }}
1474:
Interesting fact.{{#tag:ref|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2017}}}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2017 | title = Smith's other book }}
54:
143:
Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See
5835:
Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
6560:
4813:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | date = 2006 }}
4943:
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von
Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
6349:
6344:
6000:
can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this) or plain free-text labels to such anchors. It can be used inside of other citations.
5824:
Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
6585:
6543:
3523:
1555:
To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example
656:
42:
6339:
2906:
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the
2843:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | date = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }}
5714:
5431:
3656:
3608:
3591:
3484:
3341:
6182:
6527:
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error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. The error message can be suppressed by adding
6139:
3222:: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with
6410:
889:
is used to create an unusually named link from the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary, and it is more common to use
1366:
can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example. An article that uses this technique extensively is
6605:
2568:
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
6395:
6263:
909:, no hyperlink is created. However, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply use plain text instead of the template. The parameter
2828:
to create an anchor for the
Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
3777:
6194:
3663:
given in the error message will identify the wrong list-defined reference in the first false-positive error message on the page; this is tracked in
4783:
with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the
6172:
4503:
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }}
3891:
5925:
You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
999:"A quote in a secondary source."<ref>{{harvtxt|Smith|2011|p=2}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
1563:(lower-greek). The efn templates are text templates, to link some or all of the content of the efn template to a long citation template such as
6354:
6012:
4245:; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
3698:
1990:
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both
6400:
4064:
3803:
3266:: check the source for the correct spelling, and use the same spelling, spacing, and capitalization in both the short and full citations.
1998:
published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one can be given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
6510:
6230:
6132:
4694:==References== * {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John ... Smith's book}} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary ... Jones' book}}
6268:
4309:) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.
4229:
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of
3094:, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) when rendering full citations. The postscript is only effective the first time
6535:
6405:
963:
Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
6492:
6334:
6321:
6167:
6125:
3751:
6258:
3322:
2910:
parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use
2821:
125:). This citation style is used to reduce clutter in the edit window and to combine multiple citations to the same source.
6273:
3587:
3082:
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with
1545:
6311:
6220:
3632:
3225:
3210:
from a
Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
100:
3394:
appropriately, if necessary). Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add
663:
can be used to specify a location in the source in another way, such as section numbers or chapters. The parameters
6359:
6177:
4886:
3856:
3545:
3534:
When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like
3382:
citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the full citation with the appropriate
6301:
6288:
6225:
6210:
3724:
6306:
6240:
6189:
4780:
4557:
4485:
4471:
4294:
4276:
4272:
1110:
304:
114:
83:
4928:
making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript or plain-text label styles.)
6162:
6148:
4789:
3571:
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has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose. Two or more
3564:
3397:
3385:
3377:
3299:
The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors).
1995:
3429:: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed following the recommendation immediately above.
6375:
6253:
6248:
5441:
5437:
5357:
4213:
3256:
3083:
2077:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1994). "Scientific paper written by many scientists".
1777:
235:> – positional parameters; surnames of next three authors; required if available in the full citation
3110:
is recommended in order to make it clear that an editor intended there to be no terminal punctuation.
5419:
in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
2014:) are required by the template. Listing more authors is not supported. It is also possible to use the
1732:, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the
5416:
1549:
3273:: check the source for the correct year, and use the same year in both the short and full citations.
6380:
5445:
5122:
5095:
3786:
2699:
2687:
6091:
3659:
associated with embedding footnotes in list-defined references are known. One of them is that the
6429:
6390:
5965:
5952:
5773:
5114:
5087:
3839:
1566:
107:
848:
can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See
639:
can be used to indicate the location in the source, such as page numbers. For single pages, use
3410:
templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use
6539:
6473:
6462:
6215:
6040:
6025:
6008:
5755:
5713:
This covers the most common templates. Information about all of the templates is available at
4221:
3997:
3660:
3574:
and the error message cannot be suppressed, try testing in a sandbox or user subpage instead.
3537:
3460:
3435:
3413:
3089:
2913:
2898:
1771:
1360:
144:
118:
2127:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1995). "Another paper by many scientists".
1879:. If month and day should be part of the citation as well, both parameters need to be given:
6451:
6385:
6278:
5994:
5847:
5106:
5079:
4989:
4954:
4912:
4479:
4462:
3812:
3760:
3647:
3640:
3206:
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted
1374:
943:
312:
165:
79:
6440:
6106:
6069:
5972:
5893:
4922:
4890:
4871:
4745:
4565:
4542:
4284:
4263:
3707:
3450:
3309:
2779:
2720:
2712:
2184:
2020:
1991:
1574:
1558:
1092:
935:
900:
892:
169:
5758:|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
6043:, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with
5850:
and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
4023:
948:
can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote. Examples are below.
6296:
6084:
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g.
5363:
5248:
4898:
4877:
4795:
4571:
4240:
4171:
4036:
3926:
3917:
3900:
3865:
3664:
3622:
3600:
3583:
2812:
419:
The first four author surnames (or all authors if fewer than four; use the values from
262:
5846:
Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
4620:
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
4010:
3991:
103:
with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page.
6599:
5743:
5259:
5242:
4774:
4763:
4753:
4577:
4548:
4232:
4132:
4097:
3733:
3405:
3247:
2922:
1582:
1066:
Cite error: The named reference ... was defined multiple times with different content
180:
harvcolnb generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:
154:
72:
2027:
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
2006:
If there are more than four authors, the first four authors' surnames (the value in
6329:
6087:
6058:
6050:
6034:
6019:
5935:
5853:
Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
5449:
5424:
4985:
4950:
4737:
4300:
4257:
4055:
3239:
3097:
3077:
2930:
1750:). Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g.
1384:
1367:
1350:
1327:
876:
859:
583:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}</ref>
242:> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter, like
6100:. The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
5990:
To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors,
1390:
template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.
117:, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a
17:
6502:
3636:
2157:
For a newspaper or periodical, you may use the name of the paper and the date.
1661:
4001:
2709:
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This can be set with
549:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}}</ref>
4784:
4297:
that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template
3617:
29:
3262:
The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than in the citation.
2171:
Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
796:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|loc=section 7}}</ref>
5737:
5412:
3519:
3207:
2791:
1059:
templates with the same authors, same year, and same page, but different
450:
section below describes workarounds for various common problems, such as
6117:
5916:
The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
762:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}}</ref>
5884:. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (
5880:, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example,
515:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}}</ref>
5920:); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.
1323:
Sometimes an explanatory footnote requires a citation. Templates like
3052:
3031:
A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all.
2783:
1083:
tag will be different. A workaround is to convert one or some of the
728:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|pp=25–26}}</ref>
3570:
with the anchor ID(s) to the article. If you are testing changes in
443:). Authors past the fourth must be omitted or an error will result.
5806:
Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
6112:
6079:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">], p. 26</ref>
4597:
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
2985:
Important Government Report (Report). Big Government Agency. 1999.
1911:|title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }}
694:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
481:
Article text.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
463:
435: ) are required, followed by the year of publication (from
121:
in the references section at the end of the article (see example
4657:
Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}}
3125:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3051:
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with
2178:
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using
6121:
5802:
in the citation template. A custom ID must follow these rules:
3233:
The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
1069:
message. This message happens because the reference names that
128:
Common problems and known workarounds are given in the section
3635:. It is due to a long-standing bug in mediawiki software (see
3102:
is used for a particular author, year, and location. An empty
60:
3472:
If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as
2729:
plus the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
5264:
puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.
3418:
to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.
3292:: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add
1965:
Smith, Karen (Spring–Summer 1993b). "Smith's second paper".
224:> – required; surname of first author or corporate author
5813:
be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
5455:
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
4895:
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the
3017:
2093:= Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }}
1784:
for all accepted date formats except year-initial numeric (
4395:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
4331:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
1109:
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a
856:, below.) The postscript is only effective the first time
337:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
150:
Also note that inline use of these templates, i.e. use of
5817:(which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore
5794:, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g.
5279:
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3935:
Article text. More article text. Even more article text.
2174:
Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
137:
5315:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
5127:
use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
4209:
Full citations can be created manually or by templates:
3160:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
1890:
is used for citation display and metadata purposes, and
455:
6577:
6569:
5781:
4343:
4341:
3933:(Cite several contributions/chapters in a larger work)
1337:
tags, because the following message will be produced:
1075:
creates will be the same, but the content between the
3479:
The citation uses a citation template which supports
3296:
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)
2970:
1956:
Smith, Karen (January 1993a). "Smith's first paper".
6544:
Template:Harvard citation with colon no brackets/doc
3578:
Harvcolnb embedded in list-defined ref does not work
3524:
Category:All articles with broken links to citations
2725:, or using CITEREF directly with a concatenation of
2063:
864:
is used for a particular author, year and location.
601:
6501:
6485:
6419:
6368:
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6004:
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5749:
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Knowledge:Citing sources § In-text attribution
3336:The citation uses a template that does not support
6098:<ref name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903" />
5715:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
5432:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
4558:Knowledge:Citing sources § Bundling citations
3631:This is a false-positive: list-defined references
3485:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
3342:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
2617:Smith, Karen (11 May 1997). "Smith's 1997 paper".
849:
5869:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except
5001:
4997:
4993:
4966:
4962:
4958:
2191:in the citation template can handle these cases.
2160:For a publication by an institution, use either:
1747:{{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
1741:{{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
1728:Where there is a need to cite more than one work
986:, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
459:
291:; information such as a section or figure number.
251:– specific page referenced in the source (alias:
6528:Category:Pages using sfn with unknown parameters
6047:followed by a concatenation of the arguments to
4488:to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
3633:do not work correctly when references are nested
3522:using these templates are added to the category
3352:. Alternatively, an anchor can be created using
2502:
1780:templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to
4410:
4408:
4273:Knowledge:Citing sources § Short citations
4191:
4152:
2665:Smith, Karen (May 1998). "Smith's 1998 paper".
567:
6077:which, in turn, has the same functionality as
6063:should have exactly the same functionality as
5728:parameter in citation templates is preferred.
3269:The year is different here than the citation.
3255:The citation uses a template from the list at
3236:The Harvard citation uses a template (such as
2919:links. It is always possible to simply remove
1808:anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
1284:
1162:
1139:
6133:
4978:The theory was developed by ] and ] (],],]).
3348:: Consider modifying the template to support
3106:will also suppress terminal punctuation, but
1730:by the same author published in the same year
1113:can be added to the location or page number.
283:are inappropriate; may be used to supplement
8:
6015:) to detect that a link goes to a citation.
4742:is inappropriate for bundled citations; use
3950:
2113:
1986:More than one author with the same last name
451:
6061:|Smith|2006|p=26}}
5746:|Smith|2006|p=25}}
3996:. United States Department of Agriculture.
3560:to the template, or by adding the template
3367:The full citation does not use a template:
2043:scientists | journal = Important Journal }}
1044:
643:; for multiple pages (such as ranges), use
263:individual pages and / or range(s) of pages
6559:Editors can experiment in this template's
6140:
6126:
6118:
6065:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">
2897:Citation format does not support anchors:
533:
5064:
5040:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1943),
5032:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1937),
5024:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1936),
4040:
4027:
4014:
3530:Link works but displays a no target error
1319:A citation inside an explanatory footnote
905:in the reference section. If you specify
6096:, which, once defined, can be called by
5913:field must be replaced with underscores
5790:A few articles create a custom ID using
5736:The Harvard citation templates create a
3962:
3678:
3498:Otherwise, check that the reference has
3370:It has no wikicode to create an anchor.
2764:
5909:If CITEREF is used, then spaces in the
5436:The most common citation templates are
5328:
5292:
4826:
4669:
4632:
4404:
4337:
4184:
4145:
4110:
4075:
3943:
3831:Harvard citation with colon no brackets
3173:
3138:
3010:
2963:
2855:
2757:
2644:
2596:
2495:
2332:
2105:
2055:
1923:
1875:: not supported, the template must use
1845:: month or season ranges and year dates
1788:). It is not necessary to include both
1752:{{cite book|...|last=Smith|date=2006b}}
1670:
1623:
1487:
1437:
1419:
1273:
1012:
976:
807:
773:
739:
705:
594:
560:
526:
492:
346:
331:date = 2020 | title = Smith's Book }}
5910:
5799:
3993:Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957
3974:
3607:" is not used in the content (see the
3557:
3492:
3480:
3445:
3391:
3349:
3337:
3330:
3304:
3293:
3285:
3281:
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2179:
2015:
2011:
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1822:
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1812:
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1793:
1789:
1781:
1758:Templates that use Module:Citation/CS1
1630:
1060:
1050:
914:
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886:
853:
850:§ Adding additional comments or quotes
845:
841:
676:
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440:
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258:
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6396:Converting between references formats
6013:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js
5888:) or a double straight quote symbol (
5389:
5335:
5299:
5223:
5204:
5185:
5167:
5149:
4834:
4790:deprecated by the Knowledge community
4680:
4676:
4643:
4639:
4608:
4604:
4510:
4426:
4414:
4359:
4347:
4195:
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4082:
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3877:
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3846:
3820:
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3767:
3741:
3714:
3218:appear at the bottom of the article.
3180:
3145:
2862:
2651:
2603:
2519:"An Article by an Anonymous Author".
1689:
1677:
1494:
1444:
1280:
1158:
1135:
1105:Adding a URL for the page or location
1023:
1019:
983:
814:
780:
746:
712:
499:
377:
365:
353:
7:
5892:), which may however be included by
5411:These templates use two elements: a
3671:Other author–date citation templates
2935:, leaving plain text without links.
2380:''Popular Magazine''
1339:
1065:
928:Adding additional comments or quotes
464:multiple authors with same last name
447:
299:Template harvcolnb is placed inside
296:citation in the references section.
129:
6411:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
6350:Referencing without using templates
6345:Referencing with citation templates
6097:
6078:
6064:
5876:Inclusion of any other characters,
5452:
5415:in the body of the article, and an
4306:
4290:
3422:
3048:
2356:. Big Government Institution. 1996.
2339:
2148:No author name in citation template
1340:Cite error references missing group
1334:
1333:can't be directly imbedded between
1098:
1080:
1076:
308:
300:
161:
5368:puts parentheses around the year.
5216:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}}
3202:Wikilink to citation does not work
2824:family of templates use parameter
2442:An Article by an Anonymous Author
1843:|date=Winter–Spring 2013c
1539:Multiple lists of inline citations
1506:Clarification of interesting fact.
1426:Clarification of interesting fact.
1077:<ref name="FOOTNOTE...">
265:referenced in the source (alias:
25:
5987:is a name such as the publisher.
4582:also produces bundled citations.
1005:"A quote in a secondary source."
113:is designed to be used to create
4389:2008 | title = Smith's Book }}
3778:Harvard citation with colon text
3590:, you may get a false-positive "
3423:<cite>...</cite>
1833:|date=November 9, 2013b
1825:: month or season and year dates
313:was deprecated in September 2020
166:was deprecated in September 2020
64:
33:
6401:Reference display customization
4870:More exotic Harvard citations:
4249:Applications of these templates
4192:Smith, Jones & Brown (2005)
3990:Stefferud, Alfred, ed. (1957).
3018:A particularly unusual citation
2163:The initials of the institution
1829:|date=9 November 2013b
1373:It is also possible to use the
460:multiple works in the same year
6606:Author–date citation templates
5197:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}
5179:{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4022:Stout, P. R.; Johnson, C. M. "
3892:Harvard citation year brackets
1859:|date=Summer 2024–25e
1839:|date=June–July 2013c
1335:<ref>...</ref>
1099:<ref>...</ref>
309:<ref>...</ref>
307:. (Using harvcolnb outside of
301:<ref>...</ref>
162:<ref>...</ref>
1:
6173:Biographies of living persons
6090:|Joyce|1903|p=
5867:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~
5356:Similarly, in order to mimic
5241:Parentheses around the year:
5161:{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5059:Some articles use this idiom
5042:Yet Another Mathematics Paper
4293:span can be used to create a
4153:Smith, Jones & Brown 2005
3333:is set correctly (see below).
3316:is set correctly (see below).
3284:field, but the format of the
568:Smith, Jones & Brown 2020
212:> }}</ref>
184:<ref>{{harvcolnb | <
6115:'ed for quicker load times.
6007:prefix is necessary for the
5828:are preferred to names like
5453:<a name="CITEREF">
4984:The theory was developed by
4949:The theory was developed by
3699:Harvard citation no brackets
2790: (August 15, 1987).
2782:), Yeowell, Steve (
2705:template uses the parameter
1797:
1724:More than one work in a year
1546:Template:Houston family tree
6406:References and page numbers
6340:Introduction to referencing
6055:. E.g.: this template call
5740:to the anchor. For example
5142:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4065:Shortened footnote template
3804:Harvard citation with colon
3586:an Harvcolnb template in a
3518:Templates that have broken
3047:It is also possible to use
2289:Big Government Institution
2166:The name of the institution
1823:|date=Winter 2013b
1765:{{sfn}}
1735:{{sfn}}
1086:{{sfn}}
1072:{{sfn}}
1056:{{sfn}}
655:for single pages can cause
623:Location in the source text
6622:
6533:
6355:Referencing dos and don'ts
5771:
5724:parameter in place of the
5429:
4887:Template:Harvard citations
4884:
4555:
4469:
4270:
3615:
3425:span to create an anchor.
3214:The correct citation does
2971:Big Government Agency 1999
1872:|date=2013g-11-09
1049:: In the past, the use of
275:– in-source location when
261:– comma-separated list of
122:
6590:Subpages of this template
6511:Parenthetical referencing
6335:Citations quick reference
6302:Punctuation and footnotes
6009:reference tooltips gadget
5732:Harvard citation wikilink
5383:{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5376:
5373:
5272:
5269:
5135:
5132:
5034:Another Mathematics Paper
4936:
4933:
4806:
4803:
4590:
4587:
4496:
4493:
4317:
4314:
3444:: Check that the text in
3118:
3115:
2943:
2940:
2836:
2833:
2737:
2734:
2576:
2573:
2199:
2196:
2035:
2032:
1967:Another Important Journal
1917:Article text. More text.
1903:
1900:
1881:|date=2013-11-09
1855:|date=2024–2025e
1800:). If both are included,
1595:
1592:
1587:within the efn template.
1398:
1395:
1121:
1118:
956:
953:
687:
684:
474:
471:
323:
320:
6259:Citation Style Vancouver
6018:
4277:Help:Shortened footnotes
3951:Stout & Johnson 1957
3558:|ignore-err=yes
3495:is set to a matching id.
3323:Citation Style Vancouver
2822:Citation Style Vancouver
2367:
2206:
1894:for link disambiguation.
1819:|date=Jan 2013b
1815:: simple year only dates
1174:
1151:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
1128:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
627:The optional parameters
6156:Policies and guidelines
4781:parenthetical reference
4484:can be used to link an
3594:which looks like this:
3572:Special:ExpandTemplates
3354:{{wikicite|id={{harvid|
2002:Large number of authors
1849:|date=c. 2013d
1647:Latham, Dwight (1947),
1608:...by the fact itself.
1256:Smith's other book
1022:, p. 2) quoted in
885:The optional parameter
840:The optional parameter
452:large number of authors
6584:Add categories to the
6420:Template documentation
5768:Using CITEREF directly
5065:implementation details
3882:(and many other forms)
3601:list-defined reference
3588:list-defined reference
3390:template (and set the
2778:Morrison, Grant (
1996:Claudia Lauper Bushman
1614:He's his own grandpa.
1045:
881:and similar templates.
651:for multiple pages or
534:Smith & Jones 2020
38:Template documentation
6149:Knowledge referencing
4787:of articles has been
4461:In text attribution:
3872:John Smith (
3752:Harvard citation text
2811:Using harvcolnb with
2686:Using harvcolnb with
868:Hard-coded link names
842:|postscript=
671:exist as aliases for
6195:Scientific citations
6168:No original research
5798:) or as a value for
5760:produces the anchor
5407:Implementation notes
5360:citations, template
5076:Using colon format:
4849:Smith, John (2006).
4714:Jones, Mary (2010).
4705:Smith, John (2010).
4521:Smith, John (2009),
4440:Smith, John (2008).
4373:Smith, John (2007).
4305:(without the use of
4256:Shortened footnote:
3457:matches the text in
3321:The citation uses a
1884:|year=2013x
1877:|year=2013g
1865:|date=n.d.f
1813:|date=2013a
1550:Margaret Lea Houston
390:Smith, John (2020).
101:author–date citation
71:This template uses
6523:Tracking categories
6307:Shortened footnotes
5446:Module:Citation/CS1
4486:in-text attribution
3681:
3510:with a matching id.
3276:The template has a
3063:No closing period:
854:§ No closing period
305:shortened footnotes
115:shortened footnotes
6322:Help for beginners
6274:Citation templates
6231:Referencing styles
5865:, and the symbols
5812:
5748:produces the link
5423:Citation template
4796:citation footnotes
4762:Harvard citation:
4541:Bundled citation:
4513:, p. 25) ...
4295:shortened footnote
3680:In-text templates
3679:
3643:is possible using
3592:missing key" error
3288:field is unusual.
3226:citation not found
1851:: circa year dates
1706:Smith's other book
1520:Smith's other book
1480:Interesting fact.
1461:Smith's other book
1412:Interesting fact.
1341:
1300:Smith's other book
1067:
969:Some information.
907:|ref=none
415:Author(s) and year
18:Template:Harvcolnb
6519:
6518:
6493:Knowledge Library
6312:Nesting footnotes
6221:Combining sources
5955:|ref=CITEREF
5882:name="John Smith"
5821:(purely numeric).
5810:
5750:#CITEREFSmith2006
5404:
5403:
5354:
5353:
5238:
5237:
5057:
5056:
5026:Mathematics Paper
4918:is a wrapper for
4867:
4866:
4732:
4731:
4538:
4537:
4458:
4457:
4207:
4206:
4035:Wadleigh, C. H. "
3857:Harvard citations
3546:cite encyclopedia
3331:|harvid=
3199:
3198:
3108:|ps=none
3086:, as produced by
3072:|ps=none
3045:
3044:
2894:
2893:
2878:Smith's 1999 Book
2826:|harvid=
2808:
2807:
2683:
2682:
2667:Important Journal
2619:Important Journal
2537:
2536:
2432:Popular Magazine
2145:
2144:
2129:Important Journal
2114:Smith et al. 1995
2079:Important Journal
2064:Smith et al. 1994
2012:|author=
1983:
1982:
1958:Important Journal
1721:
1720:
1643:
1620:
1536:
1535:
1316:
1315:
1063:will result in a
1042:
1041:
873:Not available in
833:
832:
620:
619:
602:Smith et al. 2020
407:
406:
119:complete citation
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
6613:
6581:
6573:
6557:
6478:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6456:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6376:Cite link labels
6360:Citing Knowledge
6289:Inline citations
6279:Reflist template
6254:Citation Style 2
6249:Citation Style 1
6178:Reliable sources
6142:
6135:
6128:
6119:
6110:
6099:
6095:
6080:
6076:
6075:</ref>
6074:
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5878:including spaces
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5848:English alphabet
5842:
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5763:
5762:CITEREFSmith2006
5759:
5751:
5747:
5454:
5442:Citation Style 2
5438:Citation Style 1
5377:Renders as
5371:
5370:
5367:
5358:Citation Style 1
5339:
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5297:
5273:Renders as
5267:
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4951:F. J. Murray
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4591:Renders as
4585:
4584:
4581:
4572:bundle citations
4569:
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4214:Citation Style 1
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4037:Growth of Plants
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3725:Harvard citation
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3257:Citation Style 1
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3119:Renders as
3113:
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3084:Citation style 2
3081:
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2521:Popular Magazine
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1904:Renders as
1898:
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1886:. In this case,
1885:
1882:
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1867:: no date (n.d.)
1866:
1860:
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1824:
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1778:Citation Style 1
1775:
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1548:and the article
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1399:Renders as
1393:
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1378:{{#tag:ref|...}}
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2354:Important Book
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4509:According to
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4428:
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4396:
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4159:, p. 50.
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4120:, p. 25.
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3963:Wadleigh 1957
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